CN100347403C - Advanced gas injection method and apparatus and liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery system - Google Patents
Advanced gas injection method and apparatus and liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery system Download PDFInfo
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- CN100347403C CN100347403C CNB2004800056196A CN200480005619A CN100347403C CN 100347403 C CN100347403 C CN 100347403C CN B2004800056196 A CNB2004800056196 A CN B2004800056196A CN 200480005619 A CN200480005619 A CN 200480005619A CN 100347403 C CN100347403 C CN 100347403C
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/164—Injecting CO2 or carbonated water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/12—Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
- E21B43/121—Lifting well fluids
- E21B43/122—Gas lift
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/14—Obtaining from a multiple-zone well
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/166—Injecting a gaseous medium; Injecting a gaseous medium and a liquid medium
- E21B43/168—Injecting a gaseous medium
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/70—Combining sequestration of CO2 and exploitation of hydrocarbons by injecting CO2 or carbonated water in oil wells
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides for injecting of high-pressure miscible natural gas directly into a newly opened or previously produced liquid hydrocarbon reservoir to saturate liquid hydrocarbons to improve their mobility to flow toward and into producing wells. Concurrent injection of gas, miscible or otherwise, into the hydrocarbon zone's gas cap supplies additional pressuring effects to aid the resaturation process. Downhole float operated injectors are improved to operate at high pressures maintained within the wellbore to assure liquid hydrocarbon flow completely out of the formation. The improved injector system then senses the difference between liquid and gas and closes its valve to retain the gas within the wellbore. Rejected gas is redirected into the reservoir's gas cap for its continued benefits. Two liquid-producing systems utilize: 1) a liquid column and backpressure valve or, 2) an extended-float-length injector to permit the injector's float to open at high differential pressures created by maintaining the wellbore at pressure above liquid saturation levels.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method, its gas lid by natural gas or other gas that can dissolve each other being injected into reserve and gases at high pressure being injected top, liquid stratum, the effect of reserve pressure increase and the effect of oil flow increase are combined, and improve and improve the recovery ratio of liquid hydrocarbon.By adopting, make that the injection in the oil stratum becomes easy from the perforation of horizontally extending wellhole of main wellbore or dark high osmosis jetting type.By a kind of new recovery scheme, realized the benefit of High Voltage more and bigger oil flow, the buoyancy aid control valve system of this new departure on the lower end of production tubing system, the minable liquid hydrocarbon of this buoyancy aid control valve system identification is different with gas, and gas should be maintained at the down-hole to proceed to reinjecting automatically in the gas lid.In order effectively reserve on every side to be drawn, proposed termly well system of the present invention and recovery well to be changed.
" liquid injector at the bottom of the high-pressure well " and " fluid recovery equipment " (improve hereinafter referred to as the HPI invention; record in No. the 60/393515th, the U.S. Patent application that it was submitted on July 5th, 2002) relates to the exploitation of coastal waters or land extra-high voltage reserve; its method is only to comprise becoming a mandarin of liquid by the pipe-line system exploitation; and simultaneously remain on natural gas in the gentle lid of reserve and make it and the oil phased soln, to utilize it in the benefit aspect the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate.The invention still further relates to such method, this method is used for wellhole-reserve occasion in sealing with the new High Voltage liquid hydrocarbon of gathering, and so that this hydrocarbon is exploited ground, constantly pressure is remained on unprecedented level simultaneously.These High Voltages can be in original high pressure storage district, or after the continuous high pressure on gas lid that storage is distinguished and/or oil stratum injects.Shown and claim is proposed be, in the gas lid in storage district and/or oil stratum and adjacent wellhole, maintain under the situation of High Voltage so, the recovery ratio of the liquid hydrocarbon of being exploited is very high, is that prior art system institute is inaccessiable.
Background technology
In No. the 5th, 778,977, United States Patent (USP) that people such as Bowzer submitted on July 14th, 1998, the whole bag of tricks that industry is used or proposed has been described.These comprise following established way: 1) gas is injected into the pressure of distinguishing with maintenance or increase storage in the gas lid, but its benefit comprises the gravity current drainage that promotes to remain on the oil that is kept in the lithosome that exhausts original live oil liquid; 2) above storage district's petroleum liquid, add the gas that can dissolve each other with oil, as CO
2Or methane, storing up between the porous air of distinguishing or the flowability in the system of crack thereby increase petroleum liquid; 3) injecting gas and water even foam off and on; 4) CO
2Be injected with the storage district of longitudinal crack; 5) inject refrigerating medium, thereby increase CO
2But the intersolubility in crude oil; 6) but the critical properties of determining various oil compositions to realize the first contact intersolubility.The subject matter of being discussed comprises, thereby the gas that is injected flow back into recovery well rather than drive more crude oil to the lower mining area of pressure on the effectively mobile sharp side of formation.
The Bowzer patent has further described a kind of improved method, be used for from oil-bearing structure with intrinsic fracture network with the mode of the vertical communication oil of gathering, and wherein the gravity current drainage is the main means of gathering.CO
2Be concentrated in a displaced block that is arranged in the facial place of solution-air hydrocarbon contact, and this piece is shifted to a recovery well to oil to bottom offset with help.Has the CO of ratio
2A kind of gas (nitrogen of high-load) of chasing of low density density be used to make CO
2Propagate downwards.In addition, nitrogen is used as the gas lid expansion of storage district and oil pressurizing mechanism again by PEMEX company of Petroleos Mexicanos in its marine huge Cantarell synthesis in the Gulf of Mexico.
The HPI Invention Announce a kind of down-hole petroleum liquid injector, be used for produced liquid hydrocarbon and/or water under very high pressure.This new, high-pressure well bedstone fluid body injector HPI, together with a kind of liquid column back-pressure valve invention LC-BPV and/or a kind of additional expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system (will be described later), be to use (described) specialized designs and invention as No. the 60/346311st, the U.S. Patent application submitted on January 9th, 2002 for the unusual exploitation of high pressure.Other high pressure occasions that have beyond the situation that the HPI of this expansion buoyancy aid system invention also is used to announce in the present invention are exploited.
The invention provides novel injection, exploitation and recovery system and method, this system and method does not come forth in the prior art and never was used in oil and natural gas industry.These important advanced methods and technology that these are used to improve the ultimate recovery of liquid hydrocarbon storage are below described.
Summary of the invention
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of system, be used to improve the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate of passing through a flow in pipes set of systems from liquid hydrocarbon stratum, down-hole, having comprised:
A vertical wellhole, it had both opened also open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum to a gas lid by horizontal drilling and/or perforation;
Described flow in pipes set of systems, this flow in pipes set of systems is downward by described vertical wellhole from the junction of itself and a ground compressor, and described flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum by horizontal drilling and/or perforation between a packer and bridging plug;
Described packer is used to seal from an outside well annulus part of described flow in pipes set of systems, with the stratum on described one or more the selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of packing;
Described bridging plug, it is placed under the described packer in advance, is used to seal the stratum under described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, thereby isolates a selected injection zone between described bridging plug and described packer; And
Described ground compressor, be used for by the gas that can dissolve each other directly being injected into described horizontal drilling and/or perforation between described packer and described bridging plug in the described flow in pipes set of systems under the described packer, thereby the gas that can dissolve each other is pressed onto in described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, at gas and the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln of can dissolving each other described in this stratum, the described gas that dissolves each other is in and makes the pressure of described dissolve each other gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, with pressure that increases described liquid hydrocarbon and the viscosity that reduces described liquid hydrocarbon, thereby increase in the flowability and the driving force that are in or are higher than the liquid hydrocarbon of exploiting under the pressure level that stops dissolved gas disengaging dissolving and gathering
Wherein, making described gas lid and described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum remain on to be in or to be higher than in the exploitation of adopting described system and recovery process stops dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of method, be used to improve the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate of passing through a flow in pipes set of systems from liquid hydrocarbon stratum, a down-hole, having comprised:
A vertical wellhole is set, and it is by one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation and open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum;
Described flow in pipes set of systems is set, make its junction from itself and ground compressor downward by described vertical wellhole, described flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum by horizontal drilling and/or perforation between a packer and bridging plug;
Described packer is set, is used to seal, with the stratum on described one or more the selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of packing from an outside well annulus part of described flow in pipes set of systems;
Described bridging plug is arranged under the described packer, is used to seal the stratum under described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, thereby between described bridging plug and described packer, isolates a selected injection zone;
By described ground compressor, by the described flow in pipes set of systems under described packer, the gas that can dissolve each other directly is injected in the described horizontal drilling and/or perforation between described packer and described bridging plug, thereby the gas that can dissolve each other is pressed onto in described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, at gas and the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln of can dissolving each other described in this stratum, the described gas that dissolves each other is in and makes the pressure of described dissolve each other gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, with pressure that increases described liquid hydrocarbon and the viscosity that reduces described liquid hydrocarbon, thereby increase in the flowability and the driving force that are in or are higher than the liquid hydrocarbon of exploiting under the pressure level that stops dissolved gas disengaging dissolving and gathering; And described gas lid and described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum remained on to be in or to be higher than stop dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of being used for to strengthen from the system of the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate on liquid hydrocarbon stratum, a down-hole, having comprised by the flow in pipes set of systems:
A vertical wellhole, it had both opened to one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum open-minded to a gas lid by horizontal drilling and/or perforation;
A packer, it is set on the described flow in pipes set of systems between described one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum and the described gas lid, be used to seal from an outside well annulus of described pipe-line system group, thereby make the hydrocarbon stratum of gaseous state and liquid hydrocarbon stratum isolated;
A bridging plug, it is arranged under one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum in advance, is used for isolating between described bridging plug and described packer a selected injection region;
Described well bore annulus is used to make natural gas to flow directly into a ground compressor from the vent cap of opening on described stratum by the described annulus above the described top packer;
Described ground compressor is used for the flowing gas of gas lid is pressed onto described flow in pipes set of systems; And
Described flow in pipes set of systems, near the place, bottom of its vertical wellhole described one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation is open-minded, natural gas directly is injected in one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of opening, wherein the natural gas of Zhu Ruing is in the pressure that makes described natural gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln;
Wherein, in the liquid hydrocarbon stratum that has been injected into the natural gas of liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, liquid hydrocarbon has obtained the pressure and the dissolved gas energy that add, thereby, and increased the driving force of described liquid hydrocarbon and mobile and reduced viscosity, capillarity and the tack of described liquid hydrocarbon by the compatible natural gas on the gas on described liquid hydrocarbon stratum oneself lid stratum.
According to one embodiment of present invention, provide a kind of method, be used for improving liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate, having comprised from a down-hole formation by a kind of flow in pipes set of systems:
For a vertical well bore annulus provides one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation, this vertical well bore annulus not only directly is communicated with mutually with one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum but also directly is communicated with mutually with a gas lid;
Described flow in pipes set of systems is set, makes its junction from itself and a ground compressor downward by described vertical wellhole, wherein said flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum of opening;
A packer is arranged on one or more selected top, liquid hydrocarbon stratum, is used to seal from an outside well bore annulus of described flow in pipes set of systems;
A bridging plug is set in advance, is used between described bridging plug and described packer, isolating a selected injection region;
Make the natural gas of the gas lid that leaves described stratum flow directly into described ground compressor by the described well annulus above described packer;
By described ground compressor, gas is injected in the described flow in pipes set of systems by described packer, and gas directly is pressed onto one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of being opened by horizontal drilling and/or perforation from described pipe-line system group, described gas is in and makes the pressure of the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln in described gas and the described liquid hydrocarbon stratum;
By with compatible liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, stop dissolved gas to break away from dissolved each other natural gas under the pressure level of dissolving being in or being higher than, make the pressure increase and viscosity, capillarity and tack are reduced, thereby increase the driving force and the flowability of liquid hydrocarbon; And
One or more gentle lid in liquid hydrocarbon stratum on whole selected hydrocarbon stratum remained on to be in or to be higher than stop dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving.
Basic mining system in this announcement has obtained description in following file: the United States Patent (USP) the 6th that on July 18th, 2000 submitted, 089, No. 322, the United States Patent (USP) the 6th that submit May 29 calendar year 2001,237,691B1 number, the United States Patent (USP) the 6th that submit December 4 calendar year 2001,325, No. 152, and on September 23rd, 2003 United States Patent (USP) the 6th submitted, 22, No. 791 (PCT/US97/21801, title " is used to improve the method and apparatus from the fluid recovery rate of subsurface formations ") and divide an application, these files have been described a kind of down-hole petroleum liquid injector (DOLI) and several new application in various types of oil and natural gas exploitation occasions.These mining systems can be used in certain limited exploitation occasion, and when hydrocarbon storage district's injection well is converted into recovery well, will adopt new fully high pressure exploitation to be configured to exploit GIC.Be described in this further improvement, with definition and the selection effect that special down-hole liquid-gas of under high pressure exploiting is described the DOLI system.
Because main purpose importance of the present invention, the a large amount of liquid hydrocarbon storage that promptly utilizes the present invention to gather to gather at present, and, be in order the present invention to be had comprehensive understanding and to understand description better to the specific embodiment of the present invention in this description further because liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery process of the present invention has the different stages.
Present invention includes system and method: (1) is mainly by turning back to dissolved gas in the oil, secondly lose by gas being turned back in the gas lid, making that it is original, particularly be dissolved in the oil and the coating gas lid in the storage district of the qualification in mining area or oil field in the pressure of natural gas and the hydrocarbon of gas energy encouraged again.(2) reaching marginal or be in marginal oil field, by dissolved gas, energy and pressure being turned back in the crude oil of former storage, and secondly by gas being turned back in the gas lid, the hydrocarbon storage district of the valuable dissolved gas that has lost the key in the crude oil is encouraged again, thereby the crude oil that can not gather is become and can gather.(3) pass through to give the crude oil of former storage to pressurize and excitation, interpolation key and important dissolved gas, pressure, energy and flowability, thereby reduce viscosity, capillarity and the tack of this crude oil significantly, and the pressure in the increase gas lid up, carry out new, additional excitation, thereby in comprising height, average, medium and various original hydrocarbon storage particularly low-gravity (heavier) crude oil district, farthest increase flowability, gas energy and the pressure of the crude oil in the various original hydrocarbons storages district.
Inject application at all aforementioned gases, the present invention provides crucial and important the returning of dissolved gas, the pressure of crude oil, energy and flowability have obtained keeping, and energy drives and free gas pressure to the gas lid have obtained keeping, and in whole exploitation and recovery process to the liquid hydrocarbon of former storage, whole hydrocarbon storage district is all locked.
The present invention also provides, after the gas injection cycle, in liquid hydrocarbon exploitation widely with in the cycle of gathering, the reflooded dissolved gas of high-importance will persist in being injected in the solution interior in the oil of all former storages, wherein it with a predetermined injection pressure again with the crude oil phased soln, should predeterminedly inject pressure and be maintained, up to crude oil is gathered to the production tubing system of leading to ground fully from the structure rock stratum of hydrocarbon in.After having left the rock stratum, the liquid hydrocarbon of being exploited at first enters liquid injector opening at the bottom of the high-pressure well of the buoyancy aid system of its expansion and its production valve device, the crude oil of being exploited that has been charged into dissolved gas there is subjected to the pressure decline of a sudden change, and only at this moment dissolved gas can break away from dissolving, and this dissolved gas makes valuable liquid hydrocarbon crude oil flow upward to the separation facilities on ground by the production tubing system.
In the gas injection process, the ground compressor, have the ground well head wellbore gas control valve of ground pressure meter, and a down-hole injection-production packer of optimizing setting, all in whole selected hydrocarbon district, keeping and keeping this required high pressure and contribute to some extent.After this gas injection process, the required predetermined high pressure of this key must be continued to keep in whole liquid hydrocarbon storage district and be kept.
In the present invention, in liquid and hydrocarbon gas exploitation and recovery process, this high pressure is to operate and control from two basic control points; Ground well head well casing annulus control valve and ground pressure meter thereof, and the stack of default underground mining packer and the operation of pressure release gas lift valve thereof.This ground well head well casing valve and pressure gage thereof according to the type in exploitation occasion and storage district, reduce or have cut off gas stream from the well casing well bore annulus fully.Adopting under the situation of production packer, production packer is discharged into gas pressure intensity in the last well bore annulus of the liquid hydrocarbon crude oil top that it is set at.
Initial and main gas injection process is that following following mode is carried out.Utilize selected " source gas " SG, injecting gas is injected into by the annulus of well casing mouth, and this well casing choma shape space is through well casing annulus and the gas combination of zones that horizontal drilling is arranged or perforation is arranged.At this, can adopt the selected gas of any kind of, such as, but not limited to: natural gas, CO
2, nitrogen (it should be noted that many oil fields have adopted CO
2Or nitrogen).The gas lid on many stratum can inject respectively.Gas lid injection process help subsequently oil stratum injection process and by the gas lid pressure that increases and help to gather.
Most important gas injection process is organized by the injection of center tube system and is carried out, and this injection group will be by the packer below the gas lid that is located immediately at liquid hydrocarbon (oil) top, stratum.Bottom on permeable oil stratum can be adopted a kind of bridging plug alternatively, the zone that is injected into of boring or the perforation by level with sealing.At this, one second source gas SG2 is by a compressor and pressurized on the ground; This compressor has temperature control equipment alternatively, thereby makes SG2 enter the liquid hydrocarbon stratum with the form of gas-pressurized, enters and be dissolved in the crude oil of former storage with the injection pressure of an optimization.At this, optional horizontal drilling is carried out on the oil stratum by dark jet perforation.At this, the boring of level can be one or more; Yet in some configuration/well, wellhole also can only be left perforation longitudinally.Can obtain high-performance, deep penetrating jet perforation, with by cement sheath or the impaired stratum of permeability and with wellhole outside be communicated with.The purpose of darker jet perforation, be make injection, the pressurization gas as far as possible " infiltration " to the oil on oil stratum.If have a plurality of oil stratum of being separated by impermeable barrier layer, described system can be applied on each oil stratum successively.
Suitably selected gas,, directly be injected in the predetermined prime stratum by horizontal drilling or perforation so that the compatible natural gas of crude oil in can distinguishing with storage maybe can dissolve each other.The gas of this injection, the given pressure with a kind of optimization is dissolved in the crude oil that is touched with it.When this former oil formation is issued to a kind of gas of optimization when saturated at a kind of injection pressure of optimization, along with injecting gas is dissolved in the crude oil by permeable formation, crucial and important exploitation and recovery process are just all set.Above-mentioned novelty gas is distinguished and exploited at the crude oil that injects natural stratum under the pressure and in storage keeps this pressure in the whole exploitation of wellhole and the lifetime of gathering, be the method for novelty of the present invention, and it has overcome the serious restriction that prior art can't overcome.
Following liquid hydrocarbon exploitation and collecting method, the former oil formation that makes the dissolved gas that may exist together with the crude oil of former storage by the dissolved gas of new injection and be subjected to encouraging again, can under pressure, obtain exploitation and gather, thereby not lose the flowability of crude oil.Gathering and exploiting under pressure prevented escaping of dissolved gas and pressure.Exploitation under pressure is gathered to the crude oil of whole former storages of having injected gas.Injection process and recovery process play a role together as a complete recovery process.Therefore, the advantage of the novelty of this injection process and mining phase process is an ingredient of the present invention, and has overcome the restriction of restriction that the unvanquishable gas of prior art injects and liquid hydrocarbon is exploited and final overall recovery ratio.
As in the above-mentioned application, having only a subject matter of the fluid of liquid, be that excessive high shaft bottom pressure will stop opening of injector valve in the occasion exploitation of high-voltage applications.The HPI invention provides the solution to a kind of reality of this excessive high-voltage problem.An example is a kind of storage district, its from wellhole to ground exploitation and between picking time, must maintenance in this storage district and wellhole about 5500psi's or higher pressure.The present invention is suitably designed, with the oil in the bottom of wellhole be taken into highly keep 5500psi in, the exploitation liquid hydrocarbon.For under lower pressure, opening the double-valve device that designs, because the very sealing of high pressure will can not opened.In other words, as design in the prior art, than opening under the low pressure so that the guide end and the seat of its 11/16 " port seat one 3/16 " are left in main end, under the 5500psi pressure of the pipe-line system group of partial vacuum that forms with respect to the suction of pumping system even atmospheric pressure, can not move.
Expansion buoyancy aid system
The buoyancy aid that the present invention provides special lengthening for down-hole petroleum liquid injector DOLI is as Fig. 3, shown in 4 and 7, as a kind of absolute solution that does not have high pressure and relevant well depth to limit that is used for GIC high pressure storage district wellhole operational system.Open at the top of this buoyancy aid and the bottom is closed.Have a hole on the bottom of closing, to receive the valve rod of an operation DOLI valve.This buoyant means by connecting lightweight floating body material sleeve, can be lengthened out to all lengths; This sleeve has the buoyancy aid end of the band helical that helical is reinforced with reception.The sleeve connecting portion can be in buoyancy aid inside, and to keep the external diameter of buoyancy aid compactness, that is, design length can obtain by the sleeve of band helical connecting and being assembled into an instrument being lowered in the wellhole at the well head place for about 20 feet to 30 a feet buoyancy aid.DOLI needs the outer cover of a lengthening, and it also is the sleeve with band helical, and it also is can be assembled into an instrument earlier and be placed into wellhole, and assembled at the well head place.Bivalve will be in the bottom of buoyancy aid, and its discharge pipe line leads to injection head, and injection head is a production tubing system connecting portion.The lengthening buoyancy aid outstanding advantage, be that the weight of its increase is used for very opening 3/16 under the high pressure " pilot valve.For example, one 3/16 " pilot valve will be opened under 27.6 pounds excessive buoyancy aid weight under 1000psi.Therefore, one 3/16 " pilot valve under the pressure of 5500psi shaft bottom, is opened under 151.8 pounds the excessive weight that will produce at the buoyancy aid of expansion.Therefore, have the buoyancy aid of the lengthening of precalculated length, will under the pressure of 5500psi shaft bottom, open pilot valve.The present invention proposes and make EFS short as much as possible, so that the liquid production section of the perforation of injector/band screen net enters the mouth low as much as possible with respect to new high pressure oil exploitation stratum.Therefore, it is as follows that some typically is provided with size: 5.5 " in the well casing of external diameter, be in the steel buoyancy aid of 4 " one 16 specification 2.5 in the injector flush engagement cover shell of external diameter " external diameter, with needs 98 ' EFS to open the injector pilot valve.6.625 " in the well casing of external diameter, have the injector flush engagement cover of one 3.5 " 14 gauge steel buoyancy aids of external diameter 5 " external diameter, with needs 60 ' EFS.7 ' well casing in, the buoyancy aid of 5.5 " external diameter injector flush engagement cover will allow 4 of 14 gauge steel " external diameter, and this 4 " buoyancy aid of external diameter will need 53 ' EFS.
This novelty and exercisable expansion buoyancy aid system will be discharged into a pressure bust place in the pipe-line system to the high pressure oil, and some gases break away from dissolving and make crude stream earthward at this pressure bust place.Can be by promote this oil flow by fluid-operated gas lift valve.Above the gas lift valve below on the pipe-line system, a Venturi tube (Venturi) device is arranged, this device produces a kind of more effective gas-liquid mixing piston motion by flowing through the mobile of neck in it, the flowing liquid post is driven earthward helping.When the liquid hydrocarbon post that flows is raised in deep-well, do not have the extra gas lift valve of Venturi tube to be in higher height and activated by the pressure of pipe-line system with interval mode, this makes liquid utilize high pressure annulus gas flow to ground and enter the ground receiving system of the pipe-line system of well, and this system is a surface separator normally.The EFS of this practicality and exercisable novelty invents, and belongs to the inventor's claim scope.
The EFS of buoyancy aid system of expansion will exploit the well of all degree of depth, and not have the restriction of the degree of depth or pressure.This unique and novel characteristics of the present invention belong to the scope of the application's claim, and overcome prior art restriction on unvanquishable all very high pressure and the very high volume and the degree of depth promote restriction.
Improve or help the DOLI method of operating
" pilot valve of the injector valve of the guiding port of diameter is unpractiaca, has proposed two kinds of other application processes owing to use less than 3/16.These two kinds of application processes are: bore an enough dark rat hole and/or hinge and repair out a perforate and rat hole in well, so that the DOLI of large-size can operate.Injector with large-size of bigger buoyant means will help by EFS and/or LC-BPV, and to open the bigger pilot valve with bigger master port under the occasion of big pressure; EFS is preferably.In addition, the present invention proposes to get out specially and finish new well, to hold the DOLI system of oversize.
To the description of pressurization again of gas lid
The gas lid is the purpose of pressurization again, is to pressurize again under the situation of old gas-bearing formation, is pressure to one a selected optimization high pressure that increases the gas lid under the situation on original new stratum.The gas of some injection can be dissolved into the oil under the gas lid.
The description that liquid towards hydrocarbon (oil) pressurizes again
Selected gas is identical or compatible with the liquid hydrocarbon in storage district.The purpose of pressurizeing again in the oil stratum has several aspects: (1) is permeated oil with the gas of pressurization, and this gas dissolves or dissolving again with oil under the pressure of appointment easily.This pressure is produced by the ground compressor and reaches required optimization pressure, and the gas of its pressurization is depressed in the oil stratum.(2) when gas-pressurized and crude oil phased soln, dissolved gas pressure is back to oil.(3) when gas-pressurized and oil dissolving, increase the flowability and the propulsive force thereof of oil, thereby reduced density, viscosity, capillarity and the cohesive of oil, and made the density of oil become low weight by the promptly heavier liquid phased soln of oil that makes lighter gas of density and former storage.(4) last result and purpose, the crude oil that is the feasible former storage that injects of combination of above-mentioned benefit becomes removable fluid new, that lighten, and it is freer and promptly shift to level or wellhole longitudinally, thereby exploited out with higher speed, improved the overall recovery ratio of the oil of former storage simultaneously effectively.
The accumulation of ligroin of pressurization, start from vertical wellhole or horizontal drilling periphery and along radially slowly be extended down to other, the less oil that is energized.This process continues dissolved gas is provided to oil on every side, and provides dissolved gas constantly at dissolved gas in external migration, up to the saturation point that has reached under given higher pressure.When this process tends to run into the saturated oil of gas along with the high pressure injecting gas that rises and accumulate, thus force gas-pressurized enter peripheral pressure lower, not in the oil of pressurized.This gases at high pressure will leave the stratum of pressurization again around the wellhole, contact with more storage district liquid and form saturated crude oil.
Gas injection period
(see GIC, Fig. 1)
In the selection area in hydrocarbon storage district to gas injection period of gas lid be continuously or intermittently, up to reaching a desirable pressure.In addition, liquid hydrocarbon disengaging gas dissolving, that exploit out with exploitation is refilled.It should be noted, since the permeability of the gas of top lid, the top in whole storage district, and the gas lid will be communicated with.Pressurizeing and separately carry out in the oil stratum, and will stop periodically when the oil stratum reaches an optimization point; Wherein at this optimization point oil both by the saturated maximum fluidity of gas-pressurized with increase, and be considered to be dissolved into again under the optimization pressure that is in the oil in the liquid hydrocarbon stratum by injecting gas.At this perfect condition point, these (in the oil stratum) injection wells will be transformed into recovery well.
When GIC is injected into the selected part in storage district rather than whole storage district, the part of before exploiting will be transferred to the oil stratum and be injected well, and the oil stratum that is being injected into before will be transferred to recovery well.It should be noted that the general layout of the injection in storage district and exploitation part is determined by research storage district.Can study other the feasibility of replacement scheme; Sometime whole oil ground layer segment is being injected.
The present invention requires whole reserve, comprise and injecting and the exploitation part, by having packer expansion buoyancy aid system (EFS), that have the ground pressure meter or for good and all be in liquid hydrocarbon exploitation part top, improved down-hole petroleum liquid injector, in the whole productive life in this storage district, all continued to keep under pressure at well head well casing valve place, ground.Under some exploitation occasion, have only liquid hydrocarbon to be exploited, got back in the storage district or be used to move ground system and all refill with all gas that the liquid hydrocarbon that produced breaks away from dissolving.And in other exploitation occasions, natural gas can be exploited with controlled speed from the hydrocarbon storage district on top.
Mining system before injecting from gases at high pressure to former oil formation is installed
Petroleum industry known and equipment that provide and service will be provided in the present invention, carry out the installation of well.This installation process will be carried out before gases at high pressure are injected into the oil stratum.At first use nondestructive liquid filler material kill-job and control well, the DOLI that has the EFS on injection/production tubing set of systems subsequently is lowered the predetermined exploitation position of well with respect to the oil stratum.The parts of the main pipe-line system group that industry provides comprise:
From the well head on ground by the line that a wiper seal preventer carries out work, be used to open and close a wiper seal sliding sleeve instrument on the pipe-line system group above the DOLI.Predetermined injection place of the pipe-line system junction surface of this sliding sleeve in the oil stratum above DOLI, it is by ground line control and be opened there because gases at high pressure of the present invention inject be from ground by pipe-line system to the oil stratum of opening.In case this injection process is finished, the wiper seal sleeve pipe on this instrument cuts out from ground subsequently, to enter the exploitation cycle.
2. combination injection and production packer are provided by major company such as Baker OilTools company, the Weatherford company etc. of petroleum industry.The packer that will forever be provided with is on the pipe-line system group that is positioned at the sliding sleeve top, this sliding sleeve will be positioned at the top of the predetermined liquid hydrocarbon stratigraphic region under the gas lid, and the annulus of the annulus on oil stratum that there will be pressurized and gas lid is separated and seals.This packer has two kinds of functions, and the one, in injection process, annulus is carried out wiper seal, the 2nd, discharge steam vent by its pressure that will be activated subsequently and discharge tired poly-gas pressure.This stack is a gas lift valve, and it will be 5.5 ", 6.625 " or 7 " well casing carries out work, as shown in Figure 9 on a side pocket axle above the packer.This gaslift mandrel will comprise an empty valve plug by the line operation, and for the high pressure gas lift valve of reality, by the line of operating by a ground pressure control preventer, this valve plug is removed and changes.This high pressure gas lift valve is the gas pressure that is used for discharging accumulation under a predetermined set on the critical pressure of about 5500psi.
3. above packer, on the pipe-line system group, one or more gas lift valve axle is arranged, it also is the empty valve of being operated by line that these axles comprise, and these valves keep high pressure sealing in the gas injection process.When proceeding to recovery process, these sky valves are pulled by line, and default pressure gas lift valve is mounted by line.Gas lift valve and service that Weatherford and other main gas lift valve companies provide such line to operate.
A kind of optional installation procedure
In the high-pressure well of exploiting, above-mentioned installation process is infeasible, and the following installation process that can adopt petroleum industry to provide.In case the gas injection process has been finished the stage of a plan, and in this stage by making gas under high pressure make the dissolved gas in the crude oil of former storage reach saturated with the crude oil phased soln, just mining system of the present invention can be installed.In the high-pressure well in exploitation, being converted to a main target of exploitation occasion, is that this mining system is installed under the situation of not using more highdensity liquid kill-job; Be unpractiaca above this kill-job under the pressure of 5500psi, and can causing adverse effect near the permeability the wellhole.
A kind of high pressure mining system is installed and will be adopted industrial obtainable pressure control service and system to install underground mining equipment of the present invention under the wellhole pressure of superelevation.Such pressure control service is to be provided by the well-known specialized company that high pressure is installed, as Halliburton HW, and Cudd Pressure Control, or the like.Installation under pressure, requirement provides high-tension apparatus on the well head of ground, comprise size suitable, have come in and go out a blowout prevention transmitting apparatus of packer of biliquid means of press seals, this packer along the external diameter closure of duct section can when wiper seal is partly slided, making pipeline do moving of turnover well at pipeline.When the part that pipe diameter is changed when sleeve or gaslift mandrel and so on arrives this slipper seal part, the hydraulic packer sliding sealing part closure of sleeve top, and the packer sealing of sleeve below is opened, so that sleeve can pass through.This two packer opened/closed processes subsequently by conversely and the motion of pipeline proceed.This process is called as " sealing is come in and gone out " in petroleum industry.
This sealing process of coming in and going out can be used to install down-hole petroleum liquid injector DOLI of the present invention, this DOLI is closed at bottom pipe shell place, and this shell has comprised at actual sealing assembled sleeve, the buoyancy aid system of expansion and relevant interior section, valve gear, 1 thereof " the discharging exploitation pipeline on ground of coming in and going out before the unit that enters.This sealing discrepancy process is proceeded, and opens the perforation duct section up to what arrived DOLI.The sealing unit of coming in and going out adopts a kind of custom-designed preventer subsequently, that the size of this preventer can be surrounded length is about 30 ' to 30 ' this open the perforation duct section.
This preventer is lowered the top of this perforation duct section subsequently and is installed on the lower seal discrepancy unit with screw.The top of this preventer has one second group sealing discrepancy packer, and this group will be worked on the main pipe system group, be used to pipe-line system sleeve, gaslift mandrel and any production packer to open and close operation.Come in and go out device under the situation of closing on the pipe-line system junction surface at top seal, and original sealing discrepancy device can be opened, thereby DOLI can be connected with pipe-line system well casing annulus.The installation of pipe-line system group is proceeded subsequently, to finish the installation of the well with sealing discrepancy packer.It should be noted that the stopper that available line is removed can be installed in the tight top of one way valve at the top of DOLI alternatively, it being sealed when the pipe-line system turnover wellhole, thereby prevent that liquid from flowing out by DOLI.Such line stopper is provided by the gaslift supplier of Weatherford etc.
Production well system
What this need offer some clarification on and emphasize be, whole hydrocarbon storage district, its gas lid and liquid hydrocarbon stratum, all must be maintained under the required high pressure or sealed high pressure, with to dissolved gas in its given stratum and pressure the liquid hydrocarbon of new excitation exploit and gather.In the whole recovery process of liquid hydrocarbon, in wellhole and corresponding stratum, all will keep these high pressure, up to the liquid hydrocarbon of all former storages of from whole storage district, having gathered.Have only at this moment, the gas of gas lid just is released and exploits.
In order to exploit on the oil stratum of hydrocarbon being stored up the new pressurization in district, DOLI is installed on the production tubing set of systems in the deepest part of wellhole or its rat hole, be ideally below the horizontal drilling or perforation on oil stratum, gather from the current drainage/liquid of the maximum on this stratum with acquisition.DOLI will work with EFS as required, and EFS opens the valve of DOLI at the shaft bottom of appointment pressure.A precalculated height in liquid hydrocarbon (crude oil) the storage district under the gas lid is equipped with a packer.This packer will have a pressure relief valve delivery pipe (PRVD pipe).This PRVD pipe will be placed in to be opened, and with in recovery process, the gas-pressurized of accumulating in the wellhole on below packer, is discharged into going up in the storage district gas lid in the wellhole by this packer.In the occasion of sealing pressurization, the release gas by the PRVD pipe discharges can reenter out vent cap.In case pressure has surpassed the pressure in gas lid storage district, the gas-pressurized of the release in last storage district will reenter the gas stratum of opening.
After storage district, oil stratum was injected into by the perforation of well and/or by horizontal drilling, the gas-pressurized that is dissolved in oil will be accumulated in the boring scope on oil stratum gradually.Former gas-pressurized injection length is depended in the dissolving of gas and oil.The gas-pressurized that injects tends to fluctuate in the mode of gushing out, and it is subjected to storing up the infiltrative influence in district, thereby seeks the not saturated oil of gas.
After finishing in the injection stage, the recovery process of well begins.Enter all liquid hydrocarbons in vertical shaft hole, will be accumulated in the less pipe-line system group of pressure.Injector tube set of systems to ground is the following point of liquid suction of well casing annulus.Each stores up the district, according to its given pressure, will keep a given flow in entering all wellholes in this storage district, and further, this flow is constant and only changes along with the pressure on this wellhole.Yet, when in the injector to the pipe-line system group on ground is in the wellhole that enters the storage district, on effect, in initial pressurization well bore annulus, produced a new wellhole.In a well by EFS work, this new injector to pipe-line system group wellhole will be opened to the pressure approaching with atmospheric pressure (the surface separation system of this well), be used for when gas breaks away from dissolving oil being come up by EFS stream.
A kind of optional GIC recovery well distortion
About special exploitation occasion, can be referring to the United States Patent (USP) of submitting the 18 days July of in " summary of the invention ", mentioning in 2000 of authorizing people such as Kelley the 6th, the United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 237 that 089, No. 322, May 29 calendar year 2001 are submitted, the United States Patent (USP) the 6th that No. 691, December 4 calendar year 2001 are submitted, 325, No. 152 and the United States Patent (USP) the 6th, 22 submitted on September 23rd, 2003, No. 791 Fig. 1-12, particularly Fig. 4-7 and 9-12 (but not getting rid of Fig. 3 and 8).It should be noted, in the productive life that the hydrocarbon storage of pressurization again/excitation is again distinguished, in recovery well, because the packer setting that shows among above-mentioned Fig. 4-7,10 and 12, no matter be the reflooded gas in gas lid or the oil stratum, can not escape by mining system/shed, and have only the liquid hydrocarbon of pressurization again/excitation again to be exploited out, arrive ground by the artificial lift system in the production tubing system by the liquid injector.An exception of this situation is a gas-pressurized with oil by exploitation and reinjected subsequently and get back in the storage district injected system.This has obtained demonstration in Fig. 3 and 8, the gas that discharges is reinjected by terrestrial operation wherein optimisedly to be got back in the storage district.Expansion buoyancy aid system can be applied to the exploitation occasion of opening that these its mesohighs have stoped the injector valve.
One provenance natural gas injected system
The present invention is applied to the oil field in initial stage or mid-term, and the crude oil of high, medium and low proportion is arranged there, and in original gas lid a large amount of gas is arranged.This distortion of the present invention is a kind of collecting method of valuable enhancing, be used for the U.S. and many in the world oil fields lack gas treatment and marketing facility, do not allow zone that gas burns or the zone that does not have gas line.
Natural gas in the gas lid is mined to ground sole purpose, be by compressor apparatus it to be added to be pressed into gas-pressurized, with the pipe-line system group at the center of pressurizeing again by gas, by being located immediately at a packer of liquid hydrocarbon (oil) stratum top, and reinjected.The pressurization injecting gas of this pressurization (and being subjected to temperature control alternatively) is pumped/is pressed in the oil stratum, and there with meet with its compatible oil and dissolve, thereby further dissolved gas is joined pressure and flowability to increase this oil in the oil of former storage, thereby improve recovery ratio.
At this, the oil stratum is to be opened by one or more horizontal drilling that has dark perforation, or open by the dark perforation in the vertical shaft hole.These horizontal drillings will be in the optimization part on oil stratum so that in injection process in the scope around the boring, oil is by saturated fully with the gas institute of reinjecting of oil phased soln.In very thick big a plurality of stratum, can in strategic liquid hydrocarbon (oil) floor in storage district, adopt multiple horizontal drilling.Under the situation that can not adopt horizontal drilling, dark jet perforation can be used in the vertical shaft hole.
When needed, can be (for example: the natural gas in other sources, CO a kind of different ambient atmos
2, or nitrogen) be injected in the gas lid, with during its natural gas is extracted out or afterwards, its pressure is increased to the desired value of optimization, pressurizeed again in liquid hydrocarbon (oil) stratum of its below/excitation again.Yet, when the oil stratum being carried out new excitation and pressurization, do not need relatively large gas lid gas with the raising recovery ratio.Further, injection period is being carried out on the oil stratum, gas pressure intensity can significantly not reduce, because do not use up a large amount of gas.At this, in recovery process, break away from all gas with the dissolving of the liquid hydrocarbon of being exploited, all can pass through the ground injected system, the gas that is then injected into the storage district cover and/or the oil stratum in.The gas from the storage district of using up is the gas that is used to move ground injected system, compressor, pumping system etc.
Improved down-hole petroleum liquid injector
The improved injector of being announced (Imp Inj) is the instrument in most important shaft bottom (BH) that is used for the exploitation of the liquid hydrocarbon of oil and natural gas industry of today and water.
Imp Inj has two basic functions: (1) makes liquid can be free when storage district enters wellhole and enter the production tubing system apace and do not stopped.(2) under various pressure conditions, stop all free gass.Imp Inj need overcome four problems on the mining conditions: the size of pressure, volume, sand and well.Restriction and pressure/volume/sand/well dimensional problem on some hole dimensions are arranged, and prior art does not overcome, but ImpInj need overcome.Under the serious situation that has very thin stratum sand to flow into, the Imp Inj of industry today will exploit out very a large amount of liquid under very high BH pressure.
The pressure problem
When the opening of the flank that shields net was blocked by thin stratum sand, very high pressure can make the collapse of screen net.Therefore, the screen net must be set on crash-free, the perforation Guan Ji that strengthens, so that the whole top of injector can not collapse in the well of unusual high pressure.The every other high-voltage problem of the well of all degree of depth all is expanded buoyancy aid system (EFS) and overcomes.
The volume problem
The hole dimension of the flank opening of screen net, (LH W) is a restriction to a large amount of liquid hydrocarbons and/or water.Example: the screen net is 3.75 feet to be taken advantage of 4.5 feet external diameters and has 39.0 square inches every foot the flow area of opening, and has the flow of every day 750 barrels (bpd).For exploiting as if the new application in the well of several thousand barrels of liquid hydrocarbons or water in every day, the length of screen net will be increased.See along the direction that makes progress that as shown in Figure 3 no matter required screen net length how, the Guan Ji of its top and perforation thereof will enter the head of injector from current position, promptly the head of injector will be the coupling part of production tubing system and/or pump.Example: if 3.75 feet screen is netted 7500 barrels/day of suitable 750 barrels/day and the exploitations of well, then this Imp Inj need have 37.5 feet the screen network segment on the pipe of perforation.If this screen network segment is on the pipe-line system pipe of 30 feet standard, then will adopt screw to flush coupling.
Be used for a kind of improvement design of the injector screen net of sand problem
This injector screen net will be used on a kind of lengthwise position with opening the open ribs part.Shown that one on the injector at oil/liquid inlet height place vertically shields net.Vertically the screen net provides more effective sand control; Vertically the configuration of screen net has stoped the liquid hydrocarbon/water contact that may be carried to thin stratum sand in the level screen net flank.This longitudinal opening provides bigger space to rest on the bottom of wellhole to sand.In order more effectively to control sand, the increment of the size of screen net opening can be 0.001 ", to keep the stratum sand here.This new vertical design is not have in the prior art.
The well dimensional problem
The present invention is also by providing the thin guard shield of being made by thin steel or pipeline material synthetic materials rather than standard, thicker, and announced a kind of improved injector shell (demonstration in the accompanying drawings).The protection of this guard shield covers the top and opens, and is closed in the bottom or opens, and has one to shield net longitudinally in guard shield bottom thin, the band perforation when opening in the bottom.This improved guard design is specially adapted to little or does not have sand to come the well of amount, and this well is not rare in many oil fields.When needed, the band perforation tube head that can also adopt a vertical sand screen net in the oil and the gas entrance of last injector is to stop the chip of well.This relatively thinner shroud body of injector will make it possible to carry out injector and install in than the well of minor diameter, and this well than minor diameter all is common in many oil fields, wherein its internal part can proportionally become, and this improvement is one aspect of the present invention.
Purpose of the present invention comprises:
1. the crude oil that can't gather is become can gather, and this oil has lost its dissolved gas, and this dissolved gas is used for making oil flow with gas methods.Still there is a large amount of this oil that can't gather in the U.S. and the world, are left on the original place up to original oil of 80% sometimes, can not be exploited under the situation of not using dissolved gas.
2. still exploiting in the storage district of liquid hydrocarbon the liquid hydrocarbon of whole former storages of gathering by dissolved gas.
3. improve the recovery process of low-gravity heavy crude oil.The U.S. and in the world the oil supply of significant proportion be low-gravity or heavy crude oil.
4. apply dissolved gas and pressure by oil, improve the recovery ratio of the crude oil of all proportions to former storage.
It should be noted that the mining system of above-mentioned technology has been eliminated with gas and made oil flow, because it is to carry out liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery under situation about gas and pressure being remained within the hydrocarbon storage district.This mining system, with inject dissolved gas and combine for the crude oil pressurization of former storage, it is a important improvement to the liquids and gases hydrocarbon compound recovery of the U.S. and World Oil Industry, because it will make in the world the liquid hydrocarbon of most former storage be gathered, simultaneously the natural gas in storage district is retained in its natural gas lid and stores for exploitation method in the future.Therefore, aforementioned these purposes have embodied the essence progress of the present invention with respect to prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the gas pressurized of can dissolving each other directly has been injected into design in the down-hole in storage district of liquid hydrocarbon to high pressure and with it by a pipe-line system group, this injection can be passed through the perforation on main shaft pipe group, also can be by extending transverse to the horizontal wellbore in the stratum that contains liquid hydrocarbon.Above a packer of isolating this liquid hydrocarbon stratum, the gases at high pressure of pressurization are injected in pipe-line system-well casing annulus and are injected into a horizontal drilling and/or perforation, and enter the gas lid above the liquid hydrocarbon stratum.Gas during arrow has been represented direct the dissolved each other gas that contacts with liquid hydrocarbon and the gas that contacts with large-area liquid hydrocarbon stratum is covered.
Fig. 2 has shown a kind of distortion of injecting to the gases at high pressure in the storage district that contains liquid hydrocarbon, wherein the gas of gas lid flow to a ground compressor by the pipe-line system well casing annulus of being isolated by a packer, and is directly reinjected to its oneself compatible liquid hydrocarbon stratum by the pipe-line system group of same well.
Fig. 3 has shown the parts and the operating principle of down-hole liquid injector, and the buoyancy aid operation draught excluder system of this injector for good and all is immersed in the liquid that comprises in the shell, and has the sand screen net that longitudinal opening is arranged around the parent tube of the inside of a band edge mouth.
Fig. 4 has shown the critical piece of expansion buoyancy aid system, and wherein length of floating body is expanded to four to five times of legacy system.The parent tube of this sand screen net and band edge mouth thereof is shown as by adding one or more section and is lengthened out.
Fig. 5 has shown a kind of second liquid hydrocarbon formation production system, the buoyancy aid system that one of them length is expanded works under the pressure of high shaft bottom, so that the liquid column of part is provided in the production tubing set of systems, by this pipe-line system group, utilization and the gas lift valve that pipe-line system-the well casing annulus is connected, and match, and these liquid columns are promoted to ground with a new Venturi tube fluidic system.
Fig. 6 has shown the system that utilizes a kind of down-hole liquid injector system under the pressure of high shaft bottom a well to be exploited, and the liquid that this system only allows to store up the district flow in the pipe-line system group.Showing a directly packer below the gas lid on this pipe-line system group, it has a stack and gas pressure relief valve to enter into the gas lid.In this pipe-line system, a storage district fluid column flows through a ground back-pressure valve.
Fig. 7 has illustrated to show and has had a kind of a kind of improved down-hole liquid injector of expanding the buoyancy aid system, it is shown in the situation in the wellhole rat hole under liquid hydrocarbon is opened the stratum of (opening perforation), so that understand its extension length in wellhole better.The length of improved liquid injector can be from 50 feet to the range that surpass 230 feet, to obtain big output, the unusual well of high pressure.
Fig. 8 has shown at the high pressure gas that can dissolve each other and has been injected into a well under the situation on gas lid and liquid hydrocarbon stratum from the ground compressor; In the case, this gas injects and is by at the dark perforation in vertical shaft hole with undertaken by the horizontal drilling that extends to the depths, stratum.This down-hole liquid injector (DOLI) is worked on the pipe-line system group, and this pipe-line system group has directly a permanent one way valve and a slip cap pipe valve by the line operation above this one way valve above it; This slip cap pipe valve is opened and closed by line, so that gases at high pressure can be injected in the stratum by the pipe-line system-well casing annulus of pipe-line system through the below, perhaps make liquid pipe-line system from closure under the situation that does not spur the pipe-line system group on stratum exploit up.For one or more gas lift valve of packer stack relief valve and packer top, the empty valve plug of installing and removing with line is placed in the axle that is used for injection process, as shown in the figure.This figure is relevant with Fig. 1, and injection process has been discussed to the description of Fig. 1 in the front.
Fig. 9 has shown the exploitation occasion after gases at high pressure inject, and wherein the gas lift valve of down-hole liquid injector, one way valve, sliding sleeve pipe-line system instrument, the packer that has delivery pipe and top is all in place, as shown in Figure 8 and relevant with Fig. 5.In order to prepare exploitation, as shown, a line of working by a ground preventer is used to spur empty valve (dummy valve) and gas lift valve is installed and gaslift formula delivery pipe pressure relief valve, as shown.It also makes the slip cap pipe valve move to fastening position.This will make the well system be ready to make saturated liquid hydrocarbon to flow by the down-hole injector, prevent that simultaneously free gas from entering pipe-line system, and wherein Lei Ji gas pressure upwards is released into annulus by packer and delivery pipe setting.In Fig. 8 and 9, a bridging plug is arranged below DOLI, it will be isolated with the gas injection/recovery process on the stratum of selecting the rat hole of any extension or stratum, below.
The specific embodiment
Gases at high pressure to stratum, liquid hydrocarbon storage district inject
Fig. 1 has schematically shown principal character of the present invention, and wherein liquid hydrocarbon stores up in the district at down-hole liquid hydrocarbon LH, and this storage district can be the different phase at oil recovering.Method of the present invention can be used for the crude oil of all proportions, and to improve original to marginal low-gravity heavy crude oil be particular importance, there are very big reserves in (U.S., Canada, Mexico), South America (Venezuela) and the produce oil world to such crude oil in the North America.Gas of the present invention dissolving and the pressurization method of reinjecting aspect the oil storage district that can not gather being become can gather, also is very important; This oil storage district no longer be it by natural gas saturated original state, these natural gases under its original original storage district high pressure with the crude oil phased soln.These oil storage district is marginal now, the oil of its most of original former storage all be can not gather or becoming and can not gather, and world's storage very most of is in the stage that becomes the limit now.Therefore, method for implanting of the present invention be used to from original to the limit mining phase and all types of specific gravity of crude of (old, become the oil that can not gather).The liquid hydrocarbon LH (crude oil) of these former storages be injected into from a ground compressor C, with their the compatible high-pressure natural gas of petroleum type, the preferably natural gas of from zone, oil field, same or similar storage district, exploiting.Therefore, the main purpose of method of the present invention, be to encourage again and pressurize with high-pressure natural gas liquid towards hydrocarbon LH stratum with dissolved gas liquid towards hydrocarbon LH stratum, wherein crude oil directly contacts with the dissolved each other natural gas that is pressurizeed on ground by compressor C, and this natural gas that can dissolve each other, by by a packer P and bridging plug BP and with the isolated flow in pipes set of systems TS in other storage districts such as the gas lid GC of top or any darker storage district, and be injected in the liquid hydrocarbon LH storage district.
For liquid hydrocarbon is contacted with the natural gas that can dissolve each other, adopted the combination of the perforation DP that penetrates deeply in original well casing assembly CS (as the perforation that is produced with modern jet perforator) and/or one or more horizontal drilling HB; The well casing of the band perforation of these horizontal drillings stretches out from main wellbore along predetermined direction, to contact with liquid hydrocarbon LH storage as much as possible district.Persistent pressure by compressor C, enter around the pipe-line system group TS and below annulus district A in the natural gas that dissolves each other, to contact with the liquid hydrocarbon LH in depths, storage district and wellhole near zone, thereby strengthen dissolved gas and pressurization is reinjected.Liquid hydrocarbon LH's around wellhole is saturated again, for the oil that can not gather is become the oil that can gather, is crucial; Wherein as a reaction to early stage high flow capacity exploitation under the low wellhole pressure, natural gas breaks away from from wellhole these crude oil on every side.Make oil with the way that gas flows, crude oil is outgased rapidly, and produce the passage of the gas of release to wellhole, this has increased the weight of " marginal oil " problem in hydrocarbon storage district in oil field.Early stage dealers have noticed the problem of the crude output of gas/oil ratio that these show as increase and decline, and they discharge storage district gas, and this has reduced crude output.
Under very high pressure, natural gas can dissolve each other with liquid hydrocarbon.Also shown same injection process in Fig. 8, wherein mining system is mounted before injection process.Gases at high pressure pass through well head WH and pipe-line system group TS from ground compressor C, and are injected into, and empty valve DV of high pressure sealing gaslift and the empty valve DV of stack are keeping wiper seal.Closed packer P is keeping keeping down to bridging plug BP from the top on liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum the pressure the zone of position of pressure area on liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum.The gas that injects is gone out by the port of the sliding sleeve SS that opens, and this gas is pressed onto in the liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum of opening by high pressure through dark perforation DP and/or horizontal drilling HB there.Gas lid GC is also injected through well casing group CS by ground compressor C; Wherein, when gas was forced among the gas lid GC by dark perforation DP and/or horizontal drilling HB, the empty valve DV of the gaslift on pipe-line system group TS was keeping wiper seal.Therefore, the application has announced the method for implanting that natural gas is directly injected the liquid hydrocarbon LH that is pressurizeed by the ground pressurization.
For the pressurization again of gas lid, that adopt usually is CO
2, also use nitrogen sometimes; Yet in the present invention, preferred what adopt is that the gas lid GC in the natural gas liquid towards hydrocarbon LH storage district that can dissolve each other injects.Therefore, preferably natural gas is injected by the horizontal drilling HB that penetrates deeply above packer P, that get out and open to pipe-line system well casing annulus A from main wellbore.Such configuration is pressurizeed to the gas lid GC of very large area, leaves horizontal drilling HB than the gas of slight drag by the higher part of permeability because be subjected to.Gas lid GC injects, and injects with the natural gas that can dissolve each other to combine, and large-scale liquid hydrocarbon LH storage district is injected into and pressurization again.It has also improved the efficient of delivery ratio heavy crude from any part of the gas lid GC of top, liquid hydrocarbon stratum.Under the situation that does not adopt natural gas, CO
2But intersolubility make it become a kind of substitute, the benefit of nitrogen on economy and environment also makes it to become a kind of replacement and selects.
Fig. 2 has shown the benefit that high-pressure natural gas of the present invention injects, its mesohigh source that natural gas injects of can dissolving each other is to optimize the natural gas that gas that the packer P that is provided with isolated covers GC from being positioned at own top, liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum and being gone up by pipe-line system group TS.Gas lid GC from liquid hydrocarbon LH storage district is mined to the compressor C of ground this natural gas by the well bore annulus A above above packer P; Compressor C goes forward side by side these natural pressures in the flow in pipes set of systems TS with high pressure and becomes owner of the perforation on the liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum among the well casing group CS and/or have among the horizontal drilling HB that penetrates perforation DP deeply.As will in other features of the present invention, emphasizing, gas is not exploited with liquid hydrocarbon, so nearly all gas all is retained in or is recycled and sends back to downhole system and enter in gas lid GC and/or the liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum, with the recovery ratio of the liquid hydrocarbon LH (crude oil and condensation product) that realizes optimization and improvement.
Feature and operation are injected in improved down-hole
Fig. 3 has shown the critical piece of improved down-hole liquid injector of the present invention (DOLI), and these are main novel components of improved underground mining systems approach; This method makes this system can under high pressure exploit liquid hydrocarbon in large quantities, keep these high pressure to arrive the production tubing system simultaneously up to the liquid hydrocarbon that leaves stratum, storage district, to utilize fully and fully viscosity/the density of the crude oil fluidity, crude oil pressure and the reduction that increase newly, make simultaneously gas lid and the liquid hydrocarbon storage down-hole high pressure gas in distinguishing under pressure with the stratum in the crude oil phased soln.
Shown down-hole liquid injector DOLI comprises with lower member.(the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system that the function that is used for improving down-hole liquid injector DOLI encourages crude oil again with the exploitation and the high pressure of gathering an i.e. master unit describes at Fig. 4.This expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system and vertical sand screen web filter can be exploited down-hole liquid injector DOLI with various high pressure and output.) buoyancy aid 12 making by Bao Gang, for example, 16 specifications (gauge) under the conventional well in the injector or the buoyancy aid of 14 specifications and 2.5 inches, 3 inches or 3.5 inches external diameters (concrete size depends on the size of wellhole and down-hole liquid injector DOLI), length is 24 feet.Buoyancy aid 12 moves in a shell 10 of being made by standard steel, this shell has positive helical to have to be connected a top sleeve and one bottom cloudy dead stifled 11, damned stifled 11 that to be used for a sun extremely stifled or be used for the helical of another segment pipe system that the powder sand collects usually in top and bottom.
The function of buoyancy aid 12 motions is to open or close the shut off valve SV that links to each other with the bottom of discharge pipe line 13; Discharge pipe line 13 extends by injector head 14 from the bottom of pipe-line system group; Injector head 14 comprises and is used for and the direct-connected cloudy helical of production tubing set of systems.The bottom of discharge pipe line 13 is the valve seats 16 that are used for main valve end 17.The diameter of this main valve is 11/16 inch.Down-hole liquid injector DOLI of the present invention is characterised in that a bivalve, pressure by its wellhole promptly be added in the buoyancy aid and be added on the main valve pressure and to the discharge pipe line of pipe-line system than the pressure difference between the low pressure, reduced by the initial opening of a pilot valve of 3/16 inch diameter.The valve end 18 of pilot valve is positioned on the short valve rod 19 that links to each other with the bottom of buoyancy aid.This valve end contacts with one 3/16 inch opening by described main valve end; And the main valve end is opened earlier, thereby breaks the pressure difference sealing and make the buoyancy aid 12 that descends to draw back main draught excluder SV.
That this injector has been equipped is novel, effective vertical screen net formula sand/chip strainer VF, and this strainer is screwed onto on the top sleeve of shell and is screwed onto on the bottom helical of injector head 14.This screen web filter of the present invention is characterised in that to have a plurality of ports 20 that high screen net collapse rate is provided and a vertical parent tube of screen net opening 21, the A/F of its split shed 21 be 0.001 inch to obtain optimizing efficiency and downhole life.This screen net with longitudinal opening is a kind of improved sand screen net of the present invention, and is an essence aspect more effective and more novel than prior art of the present invention.
Fig. 4 has shown the principal character of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system of the present invention; In this expansion buoyancy aid system, the length of the buoyancy aid 12 of injector is enlarged markedly, and has promptly increased four to five times or more, so that bigger clean buoyancy aid weight to be provided, opens the guide end of draught excluder SV with the very high pressure difference of opposing; This provides improvement and effective solution to a kind of novelty of high-pressure liquid hydrocarbon exploitation.In expansion buoyancy aid system 12, the length of injector shell 10 is the display pipes that have the band helical of the sleeve sections of being with helical by interpolation, is increased.In this injector embodiment, bottom extremely stifled 11 setting does not change.It is basic identical that the draught excluder system of Fig. 3 keeps.Discharge pipe line 13 band alate centralizers 23 are used for that well makes buoyancy aid remain on the center of delivery pipe departing from longitudinally.The outside of buoyancy aid 12 have on the outer surface be provided with at interval, the about 3/4 inch hemisphere of diameter, be used to prevent the CONTACT WITH FRICTION of the inner surface of buoyancy aid and shell 10.The section of buoyancy aid is connected with helical 22 by the sleeve of internal proprietary floating body material, to realize desirable length and to keep original external diameter.Buoyancy aid 12 will with sleeve coupler 22 end that helical connects mutually on, the precision of each of buoyancy aid section is strengthened specially.
The screen web filter will be lengthened out as required, so that have the required flow of increase around vertical strainer VF of the parent tube 20 that has port.For example, the screen network segment of 3.75 feet, 4.5 inches external diameters can be handled about 750 barrels/day flow.As required, in order to obtain higher flow, can be by being screwed on the sleeve coupling part 28, and add additional filtering device section 25.The section at top is screwed in the injector head 14 that is connected with the bottom of pipe-line system group TS.
The mining system of exploiting with the high pressure of being kept
Fig. 5 has shown mining system of the present invention, it has as shown in Figure 4 the down-hole liquid injector DOLI that has the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system, and (actual instrument is long in the extreme, but show shortlyer for the purpose of drawing), and be positioned at such position, promptly make the liquids and gases inlet flank of vertical screen web filter VF that it is long be in vertical boring of the bottom of distinguishing near liquid hydrocarbon LH storage, and this liquid hydrocarbon LH storage district is from the perforation of well casing group CS, or the well casing of one or more perforation, or the degree of depth penetrate liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum open hole horizontal boring, and be mined in the wellhole.The major part of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system that describes in detail among Fig. 4, at a rat hole (if any) or having in the expansion of the well casing group CS that the lower end of the down-hole liquid injector DOLI of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system isolated by a bridging plug, carry out work.The expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system itself as shown in Figure 4, is approximately 60 feet long or longer, to be suitable for the very well of high pressure.
The advantage that has the down-hole liquid injector DOLI of vertical screen web filter VF and the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system of the present invention, be that it can be under all extra-high voltages and output condition, only liquid, hydrocarbon and/or the water to the storage district injects, this liquid, hydrocarbon and/or water flow into wellhole and enter the production tubing set of systems, simultaneously it detects the existence of free gas in the wellhole and stops its flow ipe system, makes the stratum sand that may occur be deposited to the wellhole of bottom simultaneously.The further feature of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system of the present invention, the buoyancy aid system that comes from its section lengthening, this buoyancy aid system provides in being immersed in liquid the time under the extra-high voltage in the bottom of this buoyancy aid system and has opened the required enough weight of draught excluder, with near the exploitation of liquid guiding.An existing restriction of the buoyancy aid system of down-hole liquid injector DOLI and conventional lengths thereof, be need be very high wellhole pressure come liquid hydrocarbon is remained on a kind of pressure-gas-saturation state, to be optimized to storing up becoming a mandarin of district from liquid hydrocarbon LH, on the guide end of two-part draught excluder, produced the serious High Pressure Difference sealing that to work, and this has stoped it to open.
Therefore, the improvement performance of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system makes the pilot valve of 3/16 inch diameter and 11/16 inch main valve can open under extra-high voltage, thereby any liquid that enters flow is mined among the production tubing set of systems TS.When the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system has opened the draught excluder SV of injector, consequently extra-high voltage force liquid column or piece flow ipe system and along pipe-line system to the upper reaches; In this pipe-line system, liquid flow is subjected to breaking away from the promotion of dissolved gases, and by the lift gas of input from the gas of the more High Voltage that enters from the well casing annulus by requisite number purpose stage elevate a turnable ladder gas lift valve GLV, and make liquid further flow to ground; These gas lift valves GLV passes through to detect the pressure that surpasses set-point of the flow fluid scapus in the pipe-line system, and obtains activating.Gas lift valve GLV be disposed on as required liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum top to the pipe-line system group TS on ground.
The packer P that the degree of depth at the top on the bottom of gas lid GC and liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum, air inclusion pressure discharge delivery pipe VT is set on the pipe-line system.Delivery pipe VT is used for being released in that wellhole is accumulated, as to have surpassed the required back pressure that is kept on liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum free gas pressure, it also discharges and is expanded the excessive gas pressure that the EFS of buoyancy aid system is refused, and injects to obtain keeping and helping gas thereby enable to reenter gas lid GC.
The swiftly flowing improvement of a novelty of this liquid hydrocarbon lift system is Wen's jet pipe VJ.This Wen's jet pipe has a gradually interior pipe of the weak point of thin structure that has in the centre, and this structure has caused the increase of the speed of the fluid that flows, thereby has produced the flow at high speed to landing ground among the production tubing set of systems TS.This flow at high speed combines with the elevate a turnable ladder power of disengaging dissolved gases in the liquid hydrocarbon that flows, and more the injection elevate a turnable ladder power of gases at high pressure is introduced by direct gas lift valve GLV below Wen's jet pipe VJ.This gas lift valve GLV introduces the gases at high pressure from gas lid GC well bore annulus A, with operation, and the liquid hydrocarbon that is received by down-hole liquid injector DOLI is flowed by the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system that under the situation that does not have pressure or production restriction, opens.Wen's jet pipe VJ with gas lift valve GLV is provided with along wellhole pipeline set of systems TS with predetermined interval, by the gas of high pressure more all liquid that enter are carried out elevate a turnable ladder.The number that has Wen's jet pipe VJ of gas lift valve CLV, the degree of depth that depends on well, and each Wen's jet pipe VJ that has gas injection source gas lift valve GLV will be provided with predetermined interval along pipe-line system group TS and carry out elevate a turnable ladder with the well to the various degree of depth and pressure, from shallow (1000 feet), (6000 feet), dark (15000 feet), to profound (30000 feet), or more shallow or darker.Near pipe-line system group TS well surface place, will not use Wen's jet pipe VJ, think when needed well to be cleaned to keep a pipe-line system space of freely opening.Therefore, at a predetermined height, only adopt the gas lift valve GLV that is installed on the outer axle, finishing from the high pressure injecting gas elevate a turnable ladder of the well bore annulus A that opens, thereby handle is on the ground that the liquid of any amount of any degree of depth is promoted to well and causes the surface separation facility of well.Shown same this recovery process in Fig. 9, wherein mining system was installed before injection process.Empty valve (dummyvalve) is regained by line, and the gas lift valve GLV of practical operation is installed on the production tubing set of systems TS by line.Injection/production packer P also is the empty valve DV that is retracted by line and discharges delivery pipe VT gas lift valve by the actual pressure that line is installed by it, and changed over to its mining phase.Pressure sealing sliding sleeve SS closes by line, and well is placed in its mining phase.
At this, it should be noted that the lift gas of covering the annulus A of GC from gas just is utilized, cover the gas of GC to ground and do not exploit gas.On the contrary, gas pressure intensity will keep sealing, and all keep similar pressure on this stratum in the whole exploitation on liquid hydrocarbon stratum with in the life-span of gathering.Its objective is in gas lid that stores up the district and liquid hydrocarbon stratum to keep high pressure, thereby do not allow too much gas break away from dissolving.If bigger pressure is released (original or inject gas pressure intensity), liquid hydrocarbon will lose the flowability of gathering that pressure brought in its original or new dissolved gas and the liquid hydrocarbon.
Fig. 6 has shown improved down-hole petroleum liquid injector DOLI, and it has Fig. 4 and the shown expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system of Fig. 5; Down-hole petroleum liquid injector DOLI will open the double enclosed valve SV shown in Fig. 3 and 4 under various extra-high voltage conditions of work, and will not be subjected to the restriction of pressure.In liquid hydrocarbon LH well bore annulus A, under the situation that is with or without the well bore annulus rat hole, this expansion buoyancy aid system can be lengthened out to any required length and be unrestricted.Therefore, Fig. 6 has shown one second mining system of the present invention, be used for penetrating perforation DP or one or more horizontal drilling HB deeply by well casing group CS, and store up a produced liquid the district from liquid hydrocarbon LH, and the fluid that well is distinguished all storages in annulus A as illustrated in fig. 5 remains on sufficiently high pressure, to remain in the scope of the permeability permission of storing up the district by the saturated optimization flowability of the liquid hydrocarbon of inflow that makes of maintenance gas under pressure, that is, make whole hydrocarbon storage distinguish and all remain under the working voltage in all the exploitation wellholes in the oil field.The down-hole liquid injector DOLI that works among the permanent liquid level LL in charging into the shell of injector, experience gases at high pressure and flowed into poor between the liquid of buoyancy aid, and open its spaced valve by submergence, so that have only liquid hydrocarbon flow ipe set of systems TS.A packer P on pipe-line system group TS at the overhead height place that liquid hydrocarbon LH storage is distinguished, include a gas pressure intensity and discharge delivery pipe VT, this delivery pipe VT make with wellhole in the excessive gases at high pressure that are separated of liquid upwards discharge and reenter the gas lid, thereby keep the top pressure, preserve and continue to help gas and inject.
The present invention has shown the high operating pressure of maintenance in gentle lid GC stratum, liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum.In liquid hydrocarbon exploitation and any stage between picking time,, only wish in very thick natural gas formations, to wish in the exploitation liquid hydrocarbon, to tap natural gas with controlled speed not from gas lid GC formation production natural gas.On the contrary, the whole gas lid GC in storage district must keep sealing, is encouraged again by dissolved gas and pressure in the liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum of all exploitation wellholes in whole exploitation oil field.Do not adopt the lift gas of injecting or introducing from gas lid GC or liquid hydrocarbon LH well bore annulus A at the mining system of this demonstration, and in production tubing set of systems TS also without any artificial lift system.Mining system of the present invention is worked by the extra-high voltage dissolved gas that breaks away from dissolving when the seat of honour port of high-pressure liquid hydrocarbon by down-hole injector DOLI draught excluder.At this, very the liquid hydrocarbon of high pressure enters a unexpected extreme pressure drop, and it is exposed to this pressure drop and is come through injector draught excluder device by high shaft bottom pressure and enter among low-down, the production tubing set of systems TS near atmospheric pressure.This unexpected pressure drop makes the liquid hydrocarbon of being exploited that enters, be injected with dissolved gas sharply break away from dissolving, wherein very the gas of high pressure spins off, thereby make liquid hydrocarbon upwards flow through production tubing set of systems TS, and go out the head piece outflow from the pipe-line system of well head WH.A kind of well in 5500psi work, with the crude oil of supporting 0.32 proportion from 17187.5 feet to pipe-line system group TS ground.Therefore, high shaft bottom pressure makes the produced liquid that enters enter the much smaller production tubing set of systems of pressure by down-hole liquid injector DOLI soon.This liquid hydrocarbon that enters will vertically shield web filter VF place at down-hole liquid injector DOLI and keep a constant liquid level LL.These produced liquids that enter enter the less production tubing set of systems TS of pressure by down-hole liquid injector DOLI immediately, the assigned altitute that moves upward at liquid hydrocarbon there, the high pressure dissolved gas breaks away from dissolving constantly, flows the form outflow of (flowing heads) with the pressure head of liquid hydrocarbon.Therefore, these pressure head streams of liquid hydrocarbon flow to ground by breaking away from the gases at high pressure of dissolving in these liquid.Flow process of the present invention, the liquid hydrocarbon that makes all exploitations production tubing set of systems TS by well head WH goes out head piece, flows to the separation facilities on ground.It should be noted, gas only in the liquid hydrocarbon that leaves stratum, liquid hydrocarbon LH storage district the process of the production tubing set of systems TS that enters to the ground recovery system by injector DOLI, the dissolving of disengaging in liquid hydrocarbon, this is because high back pressure that keeps on whole hydrocarbon stratum and wellhole thereof or sealing pressure.
The restriction of the degree of depth of this mining system is relevant with the selected wellhole operating pressure of system, and promptly 5500psi will make the liquid hydrocarbon exploited mobile easily in about 16000 feet or more shallow well.Yet in darker well, mining system shown in Figure 5 is preferred lift system, because it has the elevating capacity of increase of the gas lift valve of Wen's jet pipe.This mining system and mining system shown in Figure 5 can pass through in groups or isolate selected stratum individually, and the well on many stratum is exploited.
Fig. 7 has shown, in the well on the gas stratum in oil stratum with approaching or phase pressure, the present invention carries out the sight of work under the situation that does not have packer, and signal shown the overall improved down-hole liquid injector D0LI that has an expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system, this expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system just be arranged in liquid hydrocarbon LH stratum below the vertical well casing group CS wellhole of rat hole of well.At this, shown each buoyancy aid section of 24 feet, their lightweight floating body material sleeves by special use connect and are under about 5500 to 6000psi the required pressure.Total length of floating body depends on the size and the desired relevant buoyancy aid outside dimension of gases at high pressure injection exploitation occasion of well casing, as illustrated in fig. 1 and 2.In the oil and natural gas industry of today, perhaps in the prior art, can under such high pressure, exploit and keep simultaneously wellhole and the high dissolved gas and the free gas pressure that store up in the gentle lid of the liquid hydrocarbon LH that the distinguishes GC stratum without any other downhole tool or mining system.This improved down-hole liquid injector DOLI that has the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system can inject occasions to various high pressure and exploit under height all pressure to 10000psi or the higher well.Be this advanced person's recovery system, can under productive formation, get out enough rat holes (if it's not true) specially.In addition, all extremely high amount of liquid are can not cause restriction, because open in case expand the EFS of buoyancy aid system, all escape and enter the less pipe-line system group of pressure from storage district continuously at any liquid that enters under the flow, because the opening of this expansion buoyancy aid hardly by the liquid hydrocarbon volume.As the example of a high pressure, even 250 feet expansion buoyancy aid section is also opened with the liquid hydrocarbon volume of very little ratio, and opened at 10000psi.Therefore, after having used the gas injection process stage of the advanced person shown in Fig. 1 and 2, this has the improved down-hole liquid injector DOLI of the expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system, will make the liquid hydrocarbon stratum in storage district remain on the sealing high pressure in the whole exploitation in storage district with in the life-span of gathering; And this mining system is gas injection process stage specialized designs and the invention shown in Fig. 1 and 2.In other words, natural gas with given, make after high pressure that gas and liquid hydrocarbon dissolve each other mutually is injected into former oil formation, then in whole exploitation of the present invention and harvest stages, this pressure must be maintained at and be in or be higher than the level that stops the critical pressure that dissolved gas breaks away from, up to the liquid hydrocarbon (crude oil and condensation product) of all former storages all by the ground of gathering from the liquid hydrocarbon stratum.Fig. 7 does not show the packer that has pressure release delivery pipe, therefore in this occasion, can be by the gas opened lid and the liquid hydrocarbon stratum LH that opens being remained among a wellhole of opening is communicated with, and employing does not have the down-hole liquid injector DOLI that expands the buoyancy aid EFS of system under the situation of packer having.This can be under the situation for the artificial lift system that is with or without high pressure sealing in wellhole, by pipe-line system group TS, and liquid hydrocarbon to be exploited on the ground through down-hole liquid injector DOLI.In the storage district with very thick upper gas stratum, gas can be exploited under a kind of controlled back pressure rate.Under general occasion, estimate to need to keep about 5500psi to 6500psi or higher pressure, so that all liquid hydrocarbons (crude oil or condensation product) are gathered this having among the improved down-hole liquid injector DOLI that expands the buoyancy aid EFS of system from their original places the stratum by wellhole, have only at that time, just allow tangible pressure in the production tubing set of systems TS and descend with all last liquids and gases hydrocarbons of gathering.
Therefore, generally speaking, to Fig. 5,6 and 7 exploitation occasion, the gas of opening lid and the liquid hydrocarbon stratum of opening are maintained at closed state all the time in whole liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery process.This sealing pressure also is held in whole wellhole.The down-hole liquid injector DOLI that this is improved to have an expansion buoyancy aid EFS of system to the production tubing set of systems TS has produced liquid pressure decline, produced new wellhole because have this pipe-line system group of down-hole liquid injector, this new wellhole is only taken liquid stream away and is not limited and seal entering of all free gass under all pressure.This new wellhole pipeline set of systems TS above down-hole liquid injector DOLI has adopted the lift gas of injecting by the gas lift valve CLV that operates Wen's jet pipe VJ from well bore annulus.Yet this lift gas is cycled back in the production well system by the ground compressor, and is strong to keep required back pressure.
More than announce and described the present invention by whole manual.What it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art is, under the premise of not departing from the present invention, can to the size of this system of discussing, shape, material, shown in structure and feature combination and method carry out various changes.Though with regard to various embodiment the present invention is described in detail, it should be understood that these are described is for illustrative purposes, and the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.For a person skilled in the art, on the basis of this announcement, the correction that system and method described here is carried out is conspicuous.Such correction does not break away from the present invention who limits as claims.
Claims (8)
1. a system is used to improve the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate of passing through a flow in pipes set of systems from liquid hydrocarbon stratum, down-hole, comprising:
A vertical wellhole, it had both opened also open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum to a gas lid by horizontal drilling and/or perforation;
Described flow in pipes set of systems, this flow in pipes set of systems is downward by described vertical wellhole from the junction of itself and a ground compressor, and described flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum by horizontal drilling and/or perforation between a packer and bridging plug;
Described packer is used to seal from an outside well annulus part of described flow in pipes set of systems, with the stratum on described one or more the selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of packing;
Described bridging plug, it is placed under the described packer in advance, is used to seal the stratum under described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, thereby isolates a selected injection zone between described bridging plug and described packer; And
Described ground compressor, be used for by the gas that can dissolve each other directly being injected into described horizontal drilling and/or perforation between described packer and described bridging plug in the described flow in pipes set of systems under the described packer, thereby the gas that can dissolve each other is pressed onto in described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, at gas and the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln of can dissolving each other described in this stratum, the described gas that dissolves each other is in and makes the pressure of described dissolve each other gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, with pressure that increases described liquid hydrocarbon and the viscosity that reduces described liquid hydrocarbon, thereby increase in the flowability and the driving force that are in or are higher than the liquid hydrocarbon of exploiting under the pressure level that stops dissolved gas disengaging dissolving and gathering
Wherein, making described gas lid and described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum remain on to be in or to be higher than in the exploitation of adopting described system and recovery process stops dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving.
2. according to the system of claim 1, wherein said ground compressor stops dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving dissolving each other or other gases inject the gas lid from ground by a well annulus and by one or more horizontal drilling above the packer of pipe-line system or perforation thereby described gas lid is remained on be in or be higher than.
3. a method is used to improve the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate of passing through a flow in pipes set of systems from liquid hydrocarbon stratum, a down-hole, comprising:
A vertical wellhole is set, and it is by one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation and open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum;
Described flow in pipes set of systems is set, make its junction from itself and ground compressor downward by described vertical wellhole, described flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum by horizontal drilling and/or perforation between a packer and bridging plug;
Described packer is set, is used to seal, with the stratum on described one or more the selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of packing from an outside well annulus part of described flow in pipes set of systems;
Described bridging plug is arranged under the described packer, is used to seal the stratum under described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, thereby between described bridging plug and described packer, isolates a selected injection zone;
By described ground compressor, by the described flow in pipes set of systems under described packer, the gas that can dissolve each other directly is injected in the described horizontal drilling and/or perforation between described packer and described bridging plug, thereby the gas that can dissolve each other is pressed onto in described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum, at gas and the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln of can dissolving each other described in this stratum, the described gas that dissolves each other is in and makes the pressure of described dissolve each other gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, with pressure that increases described liquid hydrocarbon and the viscosity that reduces described liquid hydrocarbon, thereby increase in the flowability and the driving force that are in or are higher than the liquid hydrocarbon of exploiting under the pressure level that stops dissolved gas disengaging dissolving and gathering; And
Described gas lid and described one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum are remained on the pressure level that is in or is higher than prevention dissolved gas disengaging dissolving.
4. according to the method for claim 3, further comprise:
The top annulus above packer by well, can dissolve each other gas and/or other gas are injected gas lid that opened by horizontal drilling and/or perforation, above described liquid hydrocarbon stratum, and set up the overall stratum gas lid pressure of increase by the injection of ground compressor, be injected into efficient in the liquid hydrocarbon stratum of below to improve the gas that can dissolve each other.
5. according to the method for claim 4, further comprise:
By in the whole exploitation of adopting described method and recovery process the whole selected hydrocarbon stratum that comprises the gentle lid in liquid hydrocarbon stratum being remained on the pressure level that is in or is higher than prevention dissolved gas disengaging dissolving, the liquid hydrocarbon that strengthens the below is to the gravity flow of exploiting wellhole.
6. be used for strengthening from the system of the liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate on liquid hydrocarbon stratum, a down-hole, comprise by the flow in pipes set of systems:
A vertical wellhole, it had both opened to one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum open-minded to a gas lid by horizontal drilling and/or perforation;
A packer, it is set on the described flow in pipes set of systems between described one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum and the described gas lid, be used to seal from an outside well annulus of described pipe-line system group, thereby make the hydrocarbon stratum of gaseous state and liquid hydrocarbon stratum isolated;
A bridging plug, it is arranged under one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum in advance, is used for isolating between described bridging plug and described packer a selected injection region;
Described well bore annulus is used to make natural gas to flow directly into a ground compressor from the vent cap of opening on described stratum by the described annulus above the described top packer;
Described ground compressor is used for the flowing gas of gas lid is pressed onto described flow in pipes set of systems; And
Described flow in pipes set of systems, near the place, bottom of its vertical wellhole described one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation is open-minded, natural gas directly is injected in one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of opening, wherein the natural gas of Zhu Ruing is in the pressure that makes described natural gas and described liquid hydrocarbon phased soln;
Wherein, in the liquid hydrocarbon stratum that has been injected into the natural gas of liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, liquid hydrocarbon has obtained the pressure and the dissolved gas energy that add, thereby, and increased the driving force of described liquid hydrocarbon and mobile and reduced viscosity, capillarity and the tack of described liquid hydrocarbon by the compatible natural gas on the gas on described liquid hydrocarbon stratum oneself lid stratum.
7. method is used for improving liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery rate from a down-hole formation by a kind of flow in pipes set of systems, comprising:
For a vertical well bore annulus provides one or more horizontal drilling and/or perforation, this vertical well bore annulus not only directly is communicated with mutually with one or more liquid hydrocarbon stratum but also directly is communicated with mutually with a gas lid;
Described flow in pipes set of systems is set, makes its junction from itself and a ground compressor downward by described vertical wellhole, wherein said flow in pipes set of systems is open-minded to the liquid hydrocarbon stratum of opening;
A packer is arranged on one or more selected top, liquid hydrocarbon stratum, is used to seal from an outside well bore annulus of described flow in pipes set of systems;
A bridging plug is set in advance, is used between described bridging plug and described packer, isolating a selected injection region;
Make the natural gas of the gas lid that leaves described stratum flow directly into described ground compressor by the described well annulus above described packer;
By described ground compressor, gas is injected in the described flow in pipes set of systems by described packer, and gas directly is pressed onto one or more selected liquid hydrocarbon stratum of being opened by horizontal drilling and/or perforation from described pipe-line system group, described gas is in and makes the pressure of the liquid hydrocarbon phased soln in described gas and the described liquid hydrocarbon stratum;
By with compatible liquid hydrocarbon phased soln, stop dissolved gas to break away from dissolved each other natural gas under the pressure level of dissolving being in or being higher than, make the pressure increase and viscosity, capillarity and tack are reduced, thereby increase the driving force and the flowability of liquid hydrocarbon; And
One or more gentle lid in liquid hydrocarbon stratum on whole selected hydrocarbon stratum remained on to be in or to be higher than stop dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving.
8. according to the method for claim 7, further comprise:
When the volume of gas lid and pressure descend,, gas lid pressure is remained on to be in or to be higher than stop dissolved gas to break away from the pressure level of dissolving by dissolving each other and/or other gases inject the described ground compressor of gas lid.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/340,818 US20030141073A1 (en) | 2002-01-09 | 2003-01-09 | Advanced gas injection method and apparatus liquid hydrocarbon recovery complex |
| US10/340,818 | 2003-01-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1756891A CN1756891A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| CN100347403C true CN100347403C (en) | 2007-11-07 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2004800056196A Expired - Fee Related CN100347403C (en) | 2003-01-09 | 2004-01-05 | Advanced gas injection method and apparatus and liquid hydrocarbon compound recovery system |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20030141073A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN100347403C (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0406719A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2513070A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2414754A (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05007415A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004063310A2 (en) |
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| CN111236899A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2020-06-05 | 西南石油大学 | Gas cap oil reservoir development seepage testing method |
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- 2004-01-05 MX MXPA05007415A patent/MXPA05007415A/en unknown
- 2004-01-05 GB GB0514180A patent/GB2414754A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-01-05 WO PCT/US2004/000057 patent/WO2004063310A2/en active Search and Examination
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- 2004-01-05 BR BR0406719-3A patent/BRPI0406719A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2513070A1 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| BRPI0406719A (en) | 2006-01-17 |
| GB0514180D0 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| CN1756891A (en) | 2006-04-05 |
| WO2004063310A3 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
| WO2004063310A2 (en) | 2004-07-29 |
| GB2414754A (en) | 2005-12-07 |
| US20030141073A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
| MXPA05007415A (en) | 2006-04-27 |
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