CN100344855C - Fire flooding process for thick oil extraction - Google Patents
Fire flooding process for thick oil extraction Download PDFInfo
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- CN100344855C CN100344855C CNB2005101308595A CN200510130859A CN100344855C CN 100344855 C CN100344855 C CN 100344855C CN B2005101308595 A CNB2005101308595 A CN B2005101308595A CN 200510130859 A CN200510130859 A CN 200510130859A CN 100344855 C CN100344855 C CN 100344855C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a technical skill of fire driving oil extraction in a thick oil well, which belongs to the method class for extracting thick oil by fire driving oil extraction. Oilfield development has various modes, such as gusher well oil production, the steam injecting extraction of mechanical oil extraction, chemical extraction, the fire driving oil extraction, etc., but the steam oil driving mode used for thick oil area blocks which are buried in a thin interlayer is economic no longer. If the fire driving oil extraction is used for the thick oil area blocks, benefit can be obvious; heaters are generally used as firing tools of oil layers at home and abroad according to a report, and fire layers are all thin oil layers with low viscosity so as to obtain good effect; the fire driving oil extraction used for thick oil reservoirs and deep wells is not reported. Therefore, according to the characteristic of an oil layer physical property, the present invention adopts a steam injecting device of steam injection for extracting the thick oil in the prior art to carry out steam injection and firing to a single oil layer, and then air is input in a well to fire the oil layer, the thick oil is driven by using the heat quantity in the oil layer to output from a production well so as to effectively enhance the output of the thick oil. The present invention can be widely popularized, because the present invention has the advantages of the convenient use of the method, obvious effect and low investment, and the fire driving oil extraction can be carried out by using an existing steam injecting device.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of heavy oil wells fire flood process, belong to fire flood heavy crude producing method class.
Background technology:
The heavy oil reserves of Liaohe Oil Field accounts for gross reserves 60%, mainly relies on the steam soak exploitation.Because some fault-block oilfield heavy oil blocks bury more shallow at present, thin interbed is many, thickened oil recovery is in the later stage in steam soak stage, show the recovery percent of reserves high round height of handling up, strata pressure is low, the characteristics such as oil-gas ratio is low of handling up, as proceed steam soak and be difficult to obtain favorable economic benefit, 66# wellblock with Shuguang Oilfield is an example, current average reservoir pressure is 1.05MPa, total pressure head reaches 9.77MPa, now entered and can't set up the driving pressure difference stage, cause the deleterious of handling up, recovery percent of reserves has only 20.4%, shut out 163 wellblock recoverys percent of reserves up to 34.8%, movably seldom with the remaining oil in the oil in place, the effect of handling up is very undesirable, on average the cycle of handling up has only the 7-8 cycle, the well number of handling up more than 7 weeks is 162 mouthfuls, account for total well several 71.7%, the cycle oil-gas ratio is lower than 0.2, and the oil well that can not handle up reaches 161 mouthfuls, accounts for 71.2% of oil well sum, aclosed well has reached 95 mouthfuls more than at present, account for 42.2% of oil well sum, ordinary production Jing133Kou, average daily output also has only 1.1t/d, above-mentioned oil well adopts steam flooding hot water flooding and flue gas flooding to be difficult to obtain better effects as continuing again, make whole block ton oil running cost improve, crude oil cost is in operation more than 8 dollars/barrel, and economic benefit is very not good.Therefore exploitation is a best choice to heavy oil wells to utilize fire flood.It is introduced, fire flood is compared with steam drive oil production, the clear superiority of fire flood is that displacement of reservoir oil speed responsing is fast, utilize the crude oil heavy composition in the oil reservoir to do fuel during fireflood, heat is given birth in burning is displaced in another mouthful producing well the crude oil that injects the oil reservoir in the oil well, flow out ground, fireflood output in the world's is about 5000t/d at present according to statistics, mainly concentrate on the U.S., Canada, Romania, states such as Venezuela, facts have proved, fireflood can be from the light oil oil reservoir that water drive is crossed a large amount of crude oil of extraction, the fireflood recovery ratio of world oil-producing country success can reach 50-80%, the oil of fireflood at present mode is primarily aimed at thin oil well and the lower oil well of viscosity about 500-900 rice abroad, and carry out in the higher oil well of some in-place permeabilities, the oil well sparking mode mostly adopts electrical heating, liquefied gas and chemical mode are lighted a fire, five Oilfield using of domestic Xinjiang Oilfield and Ma Jiapu mausoleum, Liaohe Oil Field cable be connected heater and send into ignition layer position in the well, light a fire, in well, send into air by compressor then, because heating-up temperature is wayward, the downhole technique complexity, burn out heating cable easily, do not succeed, at present at Liaohe Oil Field viscosity of thickened oil height, darker characteristics are buried in the thick and oil reservoir position of oil, a kind of utilization steam injection in heavy oil wells is lighted a fire, thereby make oil reservoir under the spontaneous ignition state, improve the method for oil well output, be not reported so far.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is in order to overcome above-mentioned shortcoming, and the process of a kind of heavy oil wells fire flood that proposes, this method is to utilize the heavy composition in the viscous crude oil reservoir to do fuel, by injecting the high-temperature steam mode it is drawn burning, give birth to the pyrogen reason according to burning the crude oil in the oil reservoir is displaced a kind of oil extraction technique to ground.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
Be the task of realizing that the present invention proposes, method of the present invention comprises the steps:
One, the selection of fire flood reservoir physical property: indication viscous crude physical parameter is: viscosity of thickened oil value 5000～100,000 mPas, do not flow viscous crude density 0.95～1g/m under 75 ℃
3, the viscous crude freezing point: ± 10 ℃, gum level: more than 30～40%, the high oil freezing point that coagulates: 30～45 ℃, asphalt colloid content: below 10%, contain cured amount: 35～50%.
Two, fire flood heavy oil wells hole condition is determined:
1. ignition layer is that combustion in situ should select in the oil well oil reservoir that below penetrated out as ignition layer;
2. the thickness of ignition layer should be determined by 1/10th thickness that whole mouthful of oil well penetrated out gross thickness;
3. ignition layer position requires the sleeve pipe perforation density 12 hole/rice behind the perforation, and eye diameter is more than 9 millimeters, and the distortion of the sleeve pipe free from flaw behind the perforation, and guarantees to have enough oil flow channels;
Three, after above-mentioned three conditions satisfy, can carry out the fire flood igniting, the spontaneous ignition mode is adopted in igniting; Promptly by the heavy oil wells steam injection pipeline in the existing technology to steam in jection 300 sides of ignition layer elder generation, make its oil reservoir carry out preheating, this stage is called to stimulate lights a fire; And then in oil well, inject air with air compressor, injection rate by every day 1～1.2 ten thousand stere calculate, injected continuously 6～7 days owing to constantly increase at crude oil temperature, when oxidation rate was accelerated to wait to reach the crude oil temperature self-ignition point in the oil reservoir, oil reservoir just can burn;
Four, after confirming that oil reservoir is lighted, need holding point fire bed combustion reaction temperature more than 350 ℃,, analyze to the gas continuous monitoring of oil well output and to the hydrocarbon in the oil reservoir, oxygen composition value for this reason, burn under thermal cracking combustion mode state to guarantee fireflood oil;
Described fire flood reservoir parameter is that ignition well is 100 meters apart from the oil-producing well distance; Adopt each stomion gas well around eight mouthfuls of anti-9 method flooding patterns that oil-producing well is a well group between igniting displacement of reservoir oil well and the producing well, the igniting reservoir depth: 900-1300 rice, ignition layer thickness 1-2 rice, degree of porosity is greater than 30%, permeability 2500～500um
2, specific gravity of crude: 0.95～1g/cm
3, stratigraphic dip is less than 4 degree;
Described fire flood well steam injection parameter when igniting is 350 ℃ of temperature, mass dryness fraction: 75%, and injection pressure: 3MPa～25MPa.
Working method of the present invention is:
The heavy oil wells of selecting before the fire flood to have the qualified parameter of gas injection facts have proved that as ignition well the injection boiler that ignition well was adopted in the notes vapour stage should have 25 tons, and 23 tons and 11-12 ton aerogenesis function can be used as the oil well igniting.
During igniting at first by oil well oil conduit steam in jection in oil reservoir, make the oil reservoir preheating, when reaching ignition temperature, the crude oil interface could contact with hot air, but spontaneous ignition in several hours or a few week, in oil well, inject air again after having annotated steam with air compressor, experiment shows, temperature is in the time of 65.6 ℃ in the oil well, crude oil is meeting spontaneous firing in 5～40 days, and the time that temperature in the time of 93.3 ℃ spontaneous combustion takes place, the present invention did fuel with the mink cell focus composition in the oil reservoir about ten days, constantly burn by crude oil and to give birth to heat and just the crude oil in the oil reservoir can be displaced in the same stratum of another mouthful well, thereby realize the target of fireflood oil.
The present invention compared with prior art has distinguishing feature:
Because the present invention is by thick oil filling steam well and boiler unit oil reservoir steam in jection mode in required ignition well thereof, viscous crude in its oil reservoir is lighted, do fuel and the living heat of constantly burning with heavy composition in the oil reservoir during burning, the final realization displaced ground with the crude oil in the oil reservoir, thereby solved viscous crude, special viscous crude and thin interbed, a low-productivity layer exploitation difficult problem, this method is compared with the exploitation via steam injection viscous crude, hot oil displacement efficiency height, cost of use is low and can rely in the oil reservoir self fuel that heat is provided, thereby improved stratum dead oil utilization rate in the well, reduced energy consumption, in addition, sparking mode of the present invention has adopted the spontaneous ignition mode, utilizes existing gas injection equipment to light a fire, thereby reduced the ground ignition installation, overcome the manual firing who is brought because of the device structure discomfort drawback of failing.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing is the present invention's mechanism of oil displacement schematic diagram that burns.
Among the figure by 1, inject well, 2, combustion zone, 3, coke zone, 4, steam zone, 5, the light oil band, 6, the original oil band, 7, producing well forms.
The specific embodiment:
The present invention is provided by following examples, is illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment 1
Heavy oil wells has been described among the figure when fireflood oil, the signal of burning mechanism of oil displacement, among the figure, when heavy oil wells is lighted a fire, should at first understand this well subsurface picture, and to the distance between oil well underground connectivity layer position and producing well and the ignition well, the reservoir physical property feature, choose lowest part one oil reservoir as ignition layer from injecting well again after the grasp, there is the oil reservoir of penetrating out more than two layers as this well, should carries out shutoff to its another layer in advance, to avoid to obtain good combustion efficiency because of the interlayer interference factor, carrying out to select 1/10th of whole mouthful of oil well average effective thickness when core intersection is selected, as ignition layer; The production string hole that described in addition ignition layer is penetrated out is close to be limited in every meter 12 hole, and eye diameter is in 9 millimeter scopes, and this section sleeve pipe is indeformable, and free from flaw can be lighted a fire to heavy oil wells after satisfying above-mentioned condition.
Embodiment 2
Sparking mode;
Employing is to utilize the interior crude oil of well to produce the oxidation heat liberation principle in air from ignition way, and crude oil temperature is increased, and temperature high rate of oxidation more is fast more, when treating that temperature rises to self-ignition point, and the or else disconnected air that injects, this moment, oil reservoir will produce burning.For this reason, pass through the down-hole steam injection string at well head with steam heating boiler, the ignition layer in oil well injects 300 side's steam in advance, preheating, inject the air of about 1～1.2 ten thousand stere/day then again in oil well with air compressor, after injecting through seven days, oil reservoir gets final product spontaneous combustion.
Embodiment 3
Heavy oil wells fire flood process success factor depends on following condition:
1. fireflood oil firing mechanism is the process that a kind of oxycarbide generates, and mainly is divided into two stages.
A, the reaction of low temperature oxygenation: oxidation reaction is taking place below 150～350 ℃ under the low temperature.Reactive material is crude oil hydrocarbon, oxygen and adds oxygen product (comprising organic acid acetaldehyde, alkyl peroxide etc.)
B, thermal cracking combustion reaction: taking place more than 350 ℃, hydrocarbon and oxygen generate carbon dioxide and water reaction.
For this reason, output gas is monitored in the well site must be continuously to well, is under the thermal cracking combustion mode to guarantee fireflood.
Embodiment 4
The mechanism of fireflood oil well:
It is main according to being after oil reservoir is lighted than high recovery rate that the present invention can make well oil output obtain, and by constantly inject air-breathing in injecting into well oil reservoir, forms 2 (claiming live wire again) of radial combustion band.The crude oil in the live wire the place ahead viscosity reduction that is heated, Zheng Liu heavy composition wherein, at high temperature produce cracking, and decompose, last pyrolysis product one coke under coke zone 3 districts acts as a fuel and keeps oil reservoir continuation burning forward, at high temperature, the water that irreducible water in the oil reservoir and burning generate becomes steam zone 4, carry a large amount of heat transferred the place ahead oil reservoir, and scrub oil reservoir crude oil once more, thereby form the multiple driving process of a complexity.Light oil band 5 is driven to producing well 7.The cracked residue that whole combustion process is burnt is about about 10%～15% of crude oil reserve.Be not difficult to find out that from mechanism of oil displacement fire flood has the vapour of notes and keeps the strata pressure effect, has steam flooding, nitrogen flooding and hot water flooding's effect again, also has the character of carbon dioxide, and have the effect that mixed phase drives reduction crude oil interfacial tension.
Embodiment 5
Utilize the example of fire flood:
Liaohe Oil Field daybreak 1-47039#
This well group is positioned at disconnected stage casing, western slope, the Liaohe River, rank, straticulate exploration Eogene river group, well group control oil in place 61.76 * 10
4Ton, 30.5 meters of oil reservoir average thickness, original formation pressure 10MPa, 54 ℃ of prime stratum temperature.
9 mouthfuls of this well group oil wells drive a well 1 mouthful in the middle of it, 8 mouthfuls of bailing wells, 6.6 cycles of the well group average period of production, 0.7 ton of day produce oil, comprehensive water cut 57%.
This well is according to the above working method of this paper, to the heavy oil wells oil reservoir before lighting a fire, inject 300 side's steam earlier, be under the stimulation fired state at oil well, after one week, inject the air of 1～1.2 ten thousand stere/day again, annotated altogether seven days, take fire at the oil reservoir position at 6-8 rice, distance shaft bottom by thinking, this scope is the radius of handling up of steam, this section burning aspect is that oil gas contact begins to carry out the low-temperature oxidation burning from the leading edge of steam and oil reservoir, also can judge that beginning oil reservoir from the injection air has begun smoulder simultaneously.
The viscous crude thermal cracking temperature of this well is more than 350 ℃, therefore to when steam in jection, hold steam fast by low-temperature oxidation district (150～350 ℃), can avoid product coke like this because of oxidation reaction, long at the low-temperature space duration of the reaction, cause oil stream for good and all to be captured, influence oil displacement efficiency, pass through at last the oil well continuous measurement, change according to temperature and pressure, judge that this well takes fire, the temperature of fission takes place more than 350 ℃ in viscous crude, and this well is compared with fireflood oil front and back, day volume increase crude oil has risen to 5.3t/d at present, treats that the perfect back of well pattern output also can continue to rise.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of viscous crude fire flood process, it is characterized in that: described process comprises the steps:
One, the selection of fire flood reservoir physical property: indication viscous crude physical parameter is: viscosity of thickened oil value 5000～100,000 mPas, do not flow viscous crude density 0.95～1g/m under 75 ℃
3, the viscous crude freezing point: ± 10 ℃, gum level: more than 30～40%, the high oil freezing point that coagulates: 30～45 ℃, asphalt colloid content: below 10%, contain cured amount: 35～50%;
Two, fire flood heavy oil wells hole condition is determined:
1. ignition layer is that combustion in situ should select in the oil well oil reservoir that below penetrated out as ignition layer;
2. the thickness of ignition layer should be determined by 1/10th thickness that whole mouthful of oil well penetrated out gross thickness;
3. i.e. 12 hole/rice of sleeve pipe perforation density behind perforation in ignition layer position, eye diameter is more than 9 millimeters, and the distortion of the sleeve pipe free from flaw behind the perforation, and guarantees to have enough oil flow channels;
Three, after above-mentioned three conditions satisfy, can carry out the fire flood igniting, the spontaneous ignition mode is adopted in igniting; Promptly by heavy oil wells steam injection pipeline of the prior art to steam in jection 300 sides of ignition layer elder generation, make its oil reservoir carry out preheating, this stage is called to stimulate lights a fire; And then in oil well, inject air with air compressor, injection rate by every day 1～1.2 ten thousand stere calculate, injected continuously 6～7 days, under the state that crude oil temperature constantly raises, oxidation rate is constantly accelerated, oil reservoir just can burn when reaching self-ignition point;
Four, after confirming that oil reservoir is lighted, need holding point fire bed combustion reaction temperature more than 350 ℃,, analyze to the gas continuous monitoring of oil well output and to the hydrocarbon in the oil reservoir, oxygen composition value for this reason, burn at thermal cracking combustion mode state to guarantee fireflood oil.
2, a kind of viscous crude fire flood process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fire flood reservoir parameter be for: ignition well apart from oil-producing well apart from being 100 meters; Each stomion gas well is around eight mouthfuls of anti-9 method flooding patterns that oil-producing well is a well group, the igniting reservoir depth: 900-1300 rice, ignition layer thickness: 1-2 rice, degree of porosity greater than: 30%, permeability: 2500～500um
2, specific gravity of crude: 0.95～1g/cm
3, stratigraphic dip is less than 4 degree.
3, a kind of viscous crude fire flood process according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described fire flood well steam injection parameter when igniting is 350 ℃ of temperature, mass dryness fraction: 75%, and injection pressure: 3MPa～25MPa.
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| CNB2005101308595A CN100344855C (en) | 2005-12-21 | 2005-12-21 | Fire flooding process for thick oil extraction |
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101161987B (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2010-12-08 | 北京联众易盛石油开采新技术发展有限公司 | Combustion soaking heavy crude producing technique |
| CN101161988B (en) * | 2006-10-09 | 2011-07-06 | 北京联众易盛石油开采新技术发展有限公司 | In situ combustion slug and steam driving combined type crude oil producing method |
| CN100560935C (en) * | 2006-12-18 | 2009-11-18 | 辽河石油勘探局 | A kind of oil reservoir fire-flooding thermal-ignition method |
| CN101864935B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2013-08-28 | 邓惠荣 | Technique of carbon dioxide compound multi-term flood for reforming oil layer by oil blockage layer crack |
| CN101864938B (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2014-04-09 | 邓惠荣 | Underground ignition technology of combustion drive oil layer by injecting steam |
| CN101818637B (en) * | 2010-04-26 | 2012-11-21 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate of thick massive viscous oil reservoir by controlling burning gas injection speed |
| CN102434144A (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2012-05-02 | 中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司 | Oil extraction method for u-shaped well for oil field |
| CN103422843B (en) * | 2013-07-16 | 2015-11-18 | 燕山大学 | Pit shaft combustion reducing thick oil viscosity device and method |
| CN103410489A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2013-11-27 | 东北石油大学 | Modification and viscosity reduction method for in-situ combustion heavy oil recovery |
| CN104196507A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-10 | 雷春娣 | Fireflooding huff and puff and fireflooding linkage thickened oil exploitation method |
| CN104533366B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-01-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Profile control channeling blocking method and device used in oil exploitation |
| CN104329071B (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2017-09-15 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | A kind of combustion in situ ignition method and device |
| CN109086962A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-25 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Determine the analysis method and device of viscous crude kindling external influence factor |
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