CN100340905C

CN100340905C - Front lighting device and reflective liquid crystal display device with said device

Info

Publication number: CN100340905C
Application number: CNB031009611A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 泽山丰; 角田行広; 增田岳志; 海老毅
Original assignee: Sharp Corp
Current assignee: Sharp Corp
Priority date: 1997-03-28
Filing date: 1998-03-27
Publication date: 2007-10-03
Anticipated expiration: 2018-03-27
Also published as: JP3573938B2; CN1195118A; KR100399201B1; KR100336602B1; KR19980080826A; KR100312275B1; TW505812B; CN1126982C; CN1492266A; JPH10326515A

Abstract

The front-illuminating device of the present invention is installed on the front face of illuminated material of reflective type LCD or the like, which comprises a light source and a light guide body. The light guide body has: an incident surface to transmit the light from the light source; the first exit surface for the light to exit toward the illuminated material; the second exit surface which is opposed to the first exit surface for the reflected light from the illuminated material to exit. The second exit surface is formed by alternately arranging the inclined surfaces and the flat parts into the step-like structure, the light from said the first exit surface exiting toward the illuminated material is reflected by the illuminated material, the reflected light from said the first exit surface passes through said flat parts and reaches the observer side. At this time, the component of said light of light source, which is parallel to the flat parts, is reflected by said inclined part and irradiates the illuminated parts. Therefore, the present invention can provide a brighter front-illuminating device with increased utilization efficiency of the light of light source.

Description

The place ahead lighting device and the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that possesses this device

This case be that March 27, application number in 1998 are 98105185.5 the applying date, name is called the dividing an application of application for a patent for invention of " the place ahead lighting device and possess the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of this device ".

Technical field

The present invention relates to the place ahead lighting device, this device is configured between illuminated thing and the observer, light shine on the illuminated thing, must allow reflected light pass through simultaneously, makes the observer can recognize the reflected light of illuminated thing and possesses the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of this place ahead lighting device as secondary light source.

Background technology

Liquid crystal indicator be called cathode-ray tube (CRT) (CRT:Cathode Ray Tube), plasma display panel (PDP:Plasma Display Panel) or electroluminescent cell (EL:Electro Luminescence) and wait other displays different, liquid crystal itself is not luminous, demonstrates literal or image by regulating specific light source optical transmission light quantity.

Traditional liquid crystal indicator (to call LCD in the following text) can roughly be divided into transmission-type LCD and reflection type LCD.Transmission-type LCD is at the face illuminating source of the back side of liquid crystal pipe configuration as the fluorescent tube of light source (back light), EL etc.

In addition, reflection type LCD does not need back lighting owing to utilize ambient light to show, has the few advantage of the electric power of consumption.Also have, the like that very bright place of direct sunlight irradiation is being arranged, the almost invisible situation of demonstration of relative luminescence type display or transmission-type LCD, and on reflection type LCD, show distincter.Therefore, reflection type LCD is applicable to portable data assistance and the mobile computer that demand is in recent years more and more contained.

But there is following problem in reflection type LCD.Because reflection type LCD utilizes ambient light, the degree that display brightness depends on surrounding environment is very high.Therefore, especially at night, also may show fully and be beyond recognition.Especially at the reflection type LCD of reflection type LCD that uses the color filter mirror for colorize and use polarization plate, the problems referred to above are just more outstanding, and the inadequate occasion of light is necessary to possess floor light around.

Yet,, be not to resemble to use back lighting the transmission-type LCD because reflection type LCD is provided with reflecting plate at the back side of liquid crystal pipe.Also once proposed to use semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens as reflecting plate, and be called as the scheme of the device of transflective LCD, its display characteristic finally becomes neither the also non-reflection type structure of transmission-type is considered to be difficult to practicability.

Therefore, not clear on every side bright field institute, floor light as reflection type LCD was just proposed, in the motion of liquid crystal pipe former configuration forward lighting systems in the past.This forward lighting systems generally has optical conductor and is configured in the light source of optical conductor side.Pass through in optical conductor inside from the light source light of optical conductor side incident, because of the shape on optical conductor surface reflects, is sidelong to liquid crystal pipe one and penetrates.The light of radiation carries out light modulation according to display message on one side through the transmission of liquid crystal pipe on one side, reflects with the reflecting plate that is configured in liquid crystal pipe rear side then.This reflected light is sidelong to observer one through the optical conductor transmission once more and is penetrated.Therefore, even when light quantity is inadequate on every side, the observer also can discern demonstration.

In addition, such front lit for example Japanese patent laid-open 5-158034 communique, SID digest P.375 on (1995) etc. disclose.

Now according to ginseng aftermentioned Figure 51 to the SID digest P.375 (1995) principle of work of going up the forward lighting systems that discloses make simple explanation.In above-mentioned forward lighting systems, the side of optical conductor 104 that will have the interface 101 that is formed by par 101a and rake 101b is as the plane of incidence 105 of the incident light of light source 106.That is to say, light source 106 is configured in position in the face of the plane of incidence 105 of optical conductor 104.

Injecting by the plane of incidence 105 light of optical conductor 104 from light source 106, a part is walked a part to interface 101,108 incidents of optical conductor 104 with its surrounding medium by straight line.When the surrounding medium of optical conductor 104 is an air, the refractive index of optical conductor 104 is about 1.5, and by Si Naier (snell) rule (formula 1) as can be known, the light that is about more than 41.8 ° of the incident angle at interface 101,108 produces total reflection on interface 101,108 relatively.

n ₁·sinθ ₁＝n ₂·sinθ ₂

θ c=arc sin (n ₂/ n ₁) ... (formula 1)

In the formula, n ₁The refractive index of-Di 1 medium (optical conductor 104),

n ₂The refractive index of-Di 2 media (air),

θ ₁-from optical conductor 104 to the incident angle at interface 101,

θ ₂-from the interface 101 radiation angles to the 2nd medium,

θ c-critical angle.

In the light of injecting to interface 101,108, the light of total reflection on as the rake 101b of reflecting surface and the light that reflects on the rake 101b at interface 101 after the total reflection on the interface 108 are injected to liquid crystal pipe 110.The light of incident liquid crystal pipe 110 by reflecting plate 111 reflections that are arranged on liquid crystal pipe 110 back sides, is injected optical conductor 104 once more and is passed through par 101a after not shown liquid crystal layer light modulation, is sidelong to observer 109 and penetrates.

In addition, by the plane of incidence 105, inject the light of par 101a without rake 101b, between interface 101 and interface 108, total reflection is propagated until arriving rake 101b repeatedly from light source 106.In addition, compare the formation of the area of the rake of seeing from observer's 109 1 sides very little with the area of par 101a.

Above-mentioned traditional forward lighting systems, the problem below existing on its structure.

(1) shown in Figure 52, can not arrive the light of rake 101b and light to the plane of incidence 105 approximate vertical incidents is become from the face of the face 107 of the plane of incidence 105 light 114 to the radiation of the outside of optical conductor 104 even exist, can not be used for showing through total reflection repeatedly.That is, the utilization factor of light reduces.

(2) shape at the interface 101 that is made of rake 101b and par 101a just like the shape that the summit of prism plate is scabbled, shown in Figure 52, makes ambient light 115 easily to observer's 109 1 lateral reflections, makes to show that rank reduces.

The cardinal principle that exists in these problems and the traditional forward lighting systems is identical.Therefore, even adopt such forward lighting systems, can not throw light on to illuminated thing (reflection type LCD etc.) with the light quantity of abundance.Therefore, require the utilization factor of the light source light of raising forward lighting systems.

Summary of the invention

The present invention just in view of the above problems, purpose be to provide the utilization factor that can improve light source light, simultaneously can be evenly and more brightly to the place ahead lighting device of illuminated thing illumination with possess the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of this place ahead lighting device.

For the place ahead of the present invention lighting device that addresses the above problem has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned light source is configured in the side of above-mentioned optical conductor, above-mentioned optical conductor is the planar optical conductor that covers whole illuminated thing, the plane of incidence with the side that makes light source light incident, the 1st emitting surface to illuminated thing radiating light, face-to-face with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, the 2nd emitting surface that will radiate from the reflected light of illuminated thing, above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface has mainly will be from the light of light source the 1st position and the shape that mainly allows from light transmissive the 2nd position alternate configurations of the reflection of illuminated thing to the reflection of the 1st emitting surface, above-mentioned the 1st position with respect to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface to and same direction tilts, the distance between each the 1st position of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface and above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface is roughly even.

In said structure, to illuminated thing radioluminescence light, the reflected light of illuminated thing is turned back in the optical conductor from the 1st emitting surface once more from above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, the par by the 2nd emitting surface also arrives observer's one side.With above-mentioned optical conductor in the face of the 2nd emitting surface of the 1st emitting surface form by rake and par alternately link to each other mutually stepped, and then, because the rake between par and par mainly reflects light source light to the 1st emitting surface, become in the incident light of light source, reflect the back, shine to illuminated thing by above-mentioned dip plane from the 1st emitting surface with the whole of par directional light.In view of the above, when comparing, in the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, be parallel to the light of advancing the par and shine to illuminated thing not to the optical conductor external leakage with traditional structure with the optical conductor that forms substantially planar.Therefore, can provide the utilization factor height of light source light, brighter the place ahead lighting device.

For another the place ahead lighting device that addresses the above problem has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead, it is characterized in that, above-mentioned light source is configured in the side of above-mentioned optical conductor, above-mentioned optical conductor is the planar optical conductor that covers whole illuminated thing, the plane of incidence with the side that makes light source light incident, the 1st emitting surface to illuminated thing radiating light, face-to-face with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, the 2nd emitting surface that will radiate from the reflected light of illuminated thing, above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface has mainly will be from the light of light source to the 1st position and the shape that mainly allows from light transmissive the 2nd position alternate configurations of the reflection of illuminated thing of the reflection of the 1st emitting surface, and above-mentioned the 1st position and the 2nd position are connected to after the chevron connecting line between each summit along with moving closer to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface away from above-mentioned light source.

Can understand more fully other purposes of the present invention, characteristics and advantage by following narrating.In addition, make advantage of the present invention by following more clearly demonstrating with reference to accompanying drawing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cut-open view of the reflection type LCD structure of expression one embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 2 (a)-(c) is the figure that expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 1 has front lit optical conductor shape, Fig. 2 (a) is a vertical view of seeing optical conductor from par normal direction top, Fig. 2 (b) is a side view of seeing optical conductor from plane of incidence normal direction, Fig. 2 (c) be in order to the longitudinally of light source as the cross section of normal to the optical conductor side cross sectional view.

Fig. 3 (a)-(c) shows the figure that describes to light source light in optical conductor.

Fig. 4 is the figure that the performance with the light of the baffle reflection of reflection type LCD is explained.

Fig. 5 is for front lit light intensity shown in Fig. 2 (a)-(c) being measured the key diagram of system.

Fig. 6 is the curve map of front lit light intensity measurement result shown in the presentation graphs 2 (a)-(c).

Fig. 7 (a) is the key diagram of relation of radiating light and the ambient light of expression luminescence type display, and Fig. 7 (b) is a key diagram of representing the relation of the radiating light of reflection type LCD and ambient light.

Fig. 8 is the cut-open view of other embodiment reflection type LCD structure of expression the present invention.

Fig. 9 (a) be illustrated in the forward lighting systems that reflection type LCD shown in Figure 8 has, the cut-open view when being even from rake to the distance that becomes above-mentioned forward lighting systems emitting surface of optical conductor, Fig. 9 (b) is for being used for comparison, being illustrated in the distance of front lit from rake to the emitting surface that becomes front lit that reflection type LCD shown in Figure 1 has the cut-open view when being inhomogeneous.

Figure 10 (a) and Figure 10 (b) are the figure that the mensuration system that the irradiates light Luminance Distribution of the front lamp of using Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b) expression is respectively measured is described respectively,

Figure 11 (a) and Figure 11 (b) are the curve maps of being represented respectively by the measurement result of the irradiates light Luminance Distribution of the front lamp of Fig. 9 (a) and Fig. 9 (b) expression respectively,

Figure 12 is the cut-open view of the reflection type LCD structure of other embodiment of expression the present invention,

Figure 13 is the mode chart of the performance of the light in the forward lighting systems that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 12,

Figure 14 is the curve map of measurement result of the irradiates light Luminance Distribution of the forward lighting systems that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 12,

Figure 15 is illustrated in the key diagram that produces the principle of image blurring in the reflection type LCD of the embodiment of the invention 4.

Figure 16 is the cut-open view that the part of the optical conductor rake of above-mentioned reflection type LCD is amplified, and is illustrated in the structure that above-mentioned rake is provided with metallic reflective coating,

Figure 17 (a)-(e) is the cut-open view that expression forms above-mentioned metallic reflection membrane process,

Figure 18 is illustrated in the mode chart of not establishing the performance in metallic reflective coating time in the optical conductor shown in Figure 16.

Figure 19 is the cut-open view of the variation example of expression structure shown in Figure 16,

Figure 20 is the cut-open view of other embodiment reflection type LCD structure of expression the present invention,

Figure 21 is the mode chart that is illustrated in the performance of the light between optical conductor and optical compensation plate in the above-mentioned reflection type LCD,

Figure 22 (a)-(c) is the figure of expression as the reflection type LCD structure of structural change example shown in Figure 20, and Figure 22 (a) is the cut-open view of this reflection type LCD, and Figure 22 (b) and Figure 22 (c) are the cut-open views of representing the optical compensation plate structure example of this reflection type LCD respectively,

Figure 23 is the cut-open view of the contact plate structure that has of expression the present invention above-mentioned other embodiment reflection type LCD,

Figure 24 is the key diagram that expression is arranged on the reflecting electrode structure on the above-mentioned contact plate,

Figure 25 is illustrated in the structure vertical view of being used a pressing position coordinate on the above-mentioned contact plate for detection,

Figure 26 be the part of the above-mentioned contact plate of expression by the cut-open view of state when being pushed,

Figure 27 is the cut-open view of other embodiment reflection type LCD structure of expression the present invention,

Figure 28 be in the optical conductor of reflection type LCD shown in Figure 27 to for making the light figure that the condition of total reflection explains on the dip plane that injects from the plane of incidence,

Figure 29 represents the curve map of the optically focused of the prismatic lens that reflection type LCD shown in Figure 27 has with characteristic enough,

Figure 30 (a) and Figure 30 (b) are expressions for reflection type LCD shown in Figure 27, applicable to the key diagram for other structure example of restriction incident light scattering,

The optical conductor structure that above-mentioned other embodiment reflection type LCD of Figure 31 (a)-(c) expression the present invention has, represent the cut-open view of the performance of the light in this optical conductor simultaneously,

Figure 32 is the cut-open view of other embodiment reflection type LCD structure of expression the present invention,

Figure 33 is the key diagram that describes for the pitch angle condition to the front lit plane of incidence of reflection type LCD shown in Figure 32,

Figure 34 is the stereographic map of expression other embodiments of the invention reflection type LCD structure,

Figure 35 is the stereographic map that other embodiment lighting device of expression the present invention makes use-case,

Figure 36 is the vertical view that expression lighting device shown in Figure 35 makes use-case,

Figure 37 is the cut-open view of other embodiment reflection type LCD structure of expression the present invention,

Optical conductor shape, Figure 38 (a) of the front lamp that Figure 38 (a)-(c) expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 37 has is the vertical view of seeing optical conductor from par normal direction top, Figure 38 (b) is a cut-open view of seeing optical conductor from the normal direction of the plane of incidence, Figure 38 (c) is that the longitudinally in order to light source is that the cross section of normal is with the optical conductor side cross sectional view

Figure 39 is the par in the optical conductor shown in Figure 38 and the key diagram of rake structure,

Figure 40 (a) and (b) be the key diagram that expression shows in optical conductor from the light of light source,

Figure 41 be in the front lamp that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 37 from the curve map of distance with the brightness relationship of light source,

Figure 42 is the curve map of the angular characteristics of radiating light in the front lamp that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 37,

Figure 43 is the cut-open view of the reflective liquid crystal tubular construction that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 37,

Figure 44 (a)-44 (e) is the process chart of the formation method of the reflecting electrode in the expression reflective liquid crystal pipe shown in Figure 43,

Figure 45 is the scattering strength of the reflecting electrode in the expression reflective liquid crystal pipe shown in Figure 43 and the curve map of scattering angle relation,

Figure 46 is the cut-open view of other examples of expression reflective liquid crystal pipe shown in Figure 43.

Figure 47 is the vertical view of pixel, sweep trace and the signal line structure of expression reflective liquid crystal pipe shown in Figure 43,

Figure 48 is the brightness of radiating light in the front lamp that has of expression reflection type LCD shown in Figure 37 and the curve map of Luminance Distribution characteristic,

Figure 49 is the cut-open view of the reflection type LCD structure of other embodiment of expression the present invention,

Figure 50 (a)-(b) is a curve map of representing the illumination light Luminance Distribution measurement result of front lamp that reflection type LCD shown in Figure 49 has and traditional front lamp respectively,

Figure 51 is the cut-open view of the performance of light in the reflection type LCD structure of schematic representation tradition band assist illuminator and this reflection type LCD,

Figure 52 is the cut-open view of the performance of light among the above-mentioned traditional reflective type LCD of expression.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

Below, with reference to the description of drawings embodiment of the invention 1.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment is to have front lamp 20 (the place ahead lighting device) in the front of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10 (reflective liquid crystal pipe) as shown in Figure 1.

Front lamp 20 mainly is made of light source 26 and optical conductor 24.Light source 26 is the linear light source of fluorescent light etc. for example, can be along side (plane of incidence 25) configuration of optical conductor 24.The interface 28 (the 1st emitting surface) in the face of liquid crystal pipe 10 1 sides of optical conductor 24 is formed tabular surface.In addition, optical conductor 24 and the formation of 28 aspectant interfaces 23 (the 2nd emitting surface), above-mentioned interface are pressed the rake 22 that certain angle tilts in the same direction with par 21 and relative this par of interface 28 almost parallels respectively by multistage, and alternately configuration forms.That is, as shown in Figure 1, optical conductor 24 is formed on the section of length direction as normal with light source 26, far away more low more stepped from light source 26.

Rake 22 is mainly as the face that will reflect to interface 28 from the light of light source 26.Par 21 mainly as from the illumination light of front lamp 20 as when liquid crystal pipe 10 reflected light return, with the face of this reflected light to observer's one side transmission.

Referring now to Fig. 2 (a)-(c) shape of optical conductor 24 is described in more detail.Fig. 2 (a) is the vertical view that optical conductor 24 is seen in 21 normal direction top from the par, Fig. 2 (b) is a side view of seeing optical conductor 24 from the normal direction of the plane of incidence 25, and Fig. 2 (c) is the cut-open view that dissects light conductor 24 with the relative plane of incidence 25 and interface 28 both vertical faces.

The for example available PMMA injection mouldings such as (polymethyl methacrylates) of optical conductor 24 forms.The thickness h of width W=110mm, the length L=80mm of the optical conductor 24 of present embodiment, the plane of incidence 25 parts ₁The width W of=2mm, par 21 ₁=1.9mm.In addition, the ladder difference h of rake 22 ₂Inclined angle alpha=30 of the rake 22 of=50 μ m, relatively flat portion 21 °, the width W of rake 22 ₂Be about 87 μ m.

By being formed stair-stepping headlight 20, optical conductor 24 has following advantage.At first, shown in Fig. 2 (b), when the normal direction of the plane of incidence 25 is seen,, just can not recognize this par 21, and can only see rake 22 if it is parallel that par 21 is formed relative interface 28.That is, rake 22 equates with the plane of incidence 25 to the summation of the plane of incidence 25 projections.

Like this, the composition vertical the light source light of injecting from the plane of incidence 25 with the plane of incidence 25, all directly 22 backs, directive dip plane to interface 28 reflections.Therefore, can not resemble a large amount of light of in the forward lighting systems of aforementioned conventional, being seen from the problem of going towards the outside radiation of optical conductor in the face of the plane of incidence.Also say so, have stair-stepping optical conductor 24, make the utilization factor of light raising significantly be arranged than traditional structure by making front lit 20.

The structure and the manufacture method thereof of liquid crystal pipe 10 now are described.

As shown in Figure 1, liquid crystal pipe 10 is the structure with pair of electrodes substrate 11a, 11b clamping liquid crystal layer 12 basically.Electrode base board 11a is by having the liquid crystal orientating membrane 16a formation that is provided with transparency electrode 15a (sweep trace) on the glass substrate 14a of light transmission, covers this transparency electrode 15a.

Glass substrate (the trade name: 7059) make that above-mentioned glass substrate 14a for example can adopt certain company of Japan (コ-ニ Application グ society) to make.Transparency electrode 15a is a material with ITO (indium tin oxide) for example.On the glass substrate 14a that forms transparency electrode 15a, answer a pager's call by being coated with rotation, the directional material of for example Japan SYnthetic Rubber Co. Ltd's manufacturing (trade name: AL-4552) coated, impose friction treatment as directional process and make liquid crystal orientating membrane 16a.

Electrode base board 11b is also the same with above-mentioned electrode base board 11a, by successively glass substrate 14b, transparency electrode 15b and liquid crystal orientating membrane 16b being laminated.In addition, also can form dielectric film etc. as required for electrode base board 11a, 11b.

Liquid crystal orientating membrane 16a, the 16b of electrode base board 11a, 11b are disposed Face to face, the direction of friction treatment is pressed parallel and reverse (so-called antiparallel) configuration, and fit with bonding agent.At this moment, passing through in advance between electrode base board 11a, 11b, the glass grain liner (not shown) of spreading particle diameter 4.5 μ m forms at interval space uniformly.

Import liquid crystal with vacuum suction to this space and form liquid crystal layer 12.Material as liquid crystal layer 12 can adopt for example liquid crystal material (trade name: ZLI-3926) of Japanese firm (メ Le Network society) system.The Δ n of this liquid crystal material is 0.2030.Be not limited thereto as liquid crystal material, also can adopt various liquid crystal.

In addition, for example will be bonded in the outside of glass substrate 14b through the aluminium sheet of hair processing as reflecting plate 17 with the bonding agent of epoxy resin.On the other hand, the polarization plate 18 of sending out polarizing axis fixed is set in the outside of glass substrate 14a, becomes 45 ° for making the liquid crystal aligning direction with liquid crystal layer 12.

Make the liquid crystal pipe 10 of reflection-type by above operation.Make the reflection type LCD of band the place ahead lighting device by making front lit 20 and these liquid crystal pipe 10 combinations as described below.At first, optical conductor 24 is layered on the polarization plate 18 of liquid crystal pipe 10.And between the polarization plate 18 of liquid crystal pipe 10 and optical conductor 24 in advance the spreading particle diameter be the granular liner (not shown) of 50 μ m.In view of the above, form the space 29 have with the particle diameter uniform thickness about equally of this granular liner.That is to say that the interface 28 of optical conductor 24 is optically suitable with the interface between PMMA and the air layer.In addition, because of the thickness in this space 29 only is equivalent to 100 times of optical wavelength approximately, so can suppress to cause interference etc. because of space 29.

Then, the plane of incidence 25 of facing optical conductor 24 is provided as the fluorescent tube of light source 26, with catoptron 27 (beam condensing unit) ambient light source 26 and the plane of incidence 25.The light that catoptron 27 makes light source 26 is optically focused on the plane of incidence 25 only.In addition, can adopt for example aluminium strip etc. as catoptron 27.By above operation, make the reflection type LCD that has as the front lamp 20 of assist illuminator.

This reflection type LCD can be when ambient light be inadequate, by making front lit 20 lamps light light illumination mode, use by the reflective-mode that front lit 20 lamps are extinguished in the time can obtaining sufficient ambient light.

Principle of work referring now to Fig. 3 (a)-(c) explanation front lamp 20.

As previously mentioned, each rake 22 of optical conductor 24 equates with the plane of incidence 25 to the summation of the plane of incidence 25 projections.Therefore, shown in Fig. 3 (a), the part vertical with the plane of incidence 25 in the incident light of light source 26 utilizes rake 22 to reflect, and not shown liquid crystal pipe 10 outputs to Fig. 3 (a) from interface 28.

In addition, shown in Fig. 3 (b), in the incident light of light source 26, the light of at first injecting interface 23 is divided into two parts by its performance in guide way 24.A part is the light 31a shown in Fig. 3 (b), directly to rake 22 incidents, through reflection, and become output light 31b to liquid crystal pipe 10.Another part is the light 32a shown in Fig. 3 (b), during its is propagated optical conductor 24 in when total reflection is carried out at

tabular surface

21 and 28 at interface on one side, finally arrives rake 22 and reflects, and becomes and exports light 32b.

In addition, shown in Fig. 3 (c), in the incident light of light source 26, the light of injecting interface 28 at first is when total reflection is carried out in 21 of the pars at interface 28 and interface 23, propagate, finally arrive rake 22 and reflection in optical conductor, then, 28 to 10 outputs of liquid crystal pipe from the interface.

As shown in the above description, light source 26 is injected almost all reflections on rake 22 of the light of optical conductor 24, radiates to liquid crystal pipe 10 by interface 28.That is to say that the front lamp of present embodiment 20 is owing to possess the optical conductor 24 with stepped interface 23, make the loss of light of light source 26 few, can improve the utilization factor of light source.

Now further to describing for the rake 22 of the utilization factor that improves light source light or the condition 1-3 of par 21.

1, about rake 22

In optical conductor 24, the rake 22 at interface 23 is mainly as the reflection of incident light face of reflection source 26.In addition, the tabular surface 21 at interface 23 is mainly as allowing the light that is reflected with the reflecting plate 17 on the back side that is located at liquid crystal pipe 10 reach the transmission plane of optical transmission on every side.

In order to make the incident light of light source 26 carry out total reflection with rake 22, must satisfy following condition.That is, inject by the light of the abutted surface (interface) of different refractivity material in incident angle during greater than critical angle, on the interface, carry out total reflection.Therefore, for make the light of injecting rake 22 carry out total reflection with rake 22.

θ ₁〉=θ c=arc Sin (n ₂/ n ₁) ... (formula 2)

In above-mentioned formula 2,

θ ₁-to the incident angle of rake 22,

n ₁The refractive index of-optical conductor 24,

n ₂-on rake 22 with optical conductor 24 join material refractive index,

The critical angle of θ c-rake 22.

As long as with the represented incident angle θ of formula 2 ₁Inject just passable to rake 22.

As mentioned above, as forming rake 22 by the condition of formula 2, just can making from the leakage of rake 22 and suppressed, can further improve the utilization factor of light to the light of optical conductor 24 outsides.

2, about par 21

Par 21 is described in front mainly as the transmitted light zone, yet, comprise as the light of 21 transmissions from the par:

(1) reflected light of liquid crystal pipe 10,

Ambient light when (2) pressing the reflective-mode use.

The output of above-mentioned (1) is only with liquid crystal layer 12 light modulations of liquid crystal pipe 10, with reflecting plate 17 reflections, 23 be sidelong to observer one and penetrate from the interface to optical conductor 24 radiation backs once more, yet, at this moment mainly be 21 outputs from the par.In addition, the light with reflecting plate 17 reflections is scattered light.In order to make the seldom transmission reflectingly on par 21 of this scattered light, so best to carry out incident to par 21 less than critical angle.Critical angle changes because of the refractive index of light conductor 24, yet when using PMMA as the material of optical conductor 24, is approximately about 42 °.That is, preferably make from the output light of liquid crystal cell 10 with approximately less than 40 ° to 21 incidents of the par of optical conductor 24.

In addition, par 21 also can be parallel with interface 28.Incident angle to par 21 is also relevant with the scattering of light scope of reflecting plate 17.Therefore, if also consider the characteristic of reflecting plate 17, as shown in Figure 4, for example, the main spread of supposing the light of reflecting plate 17 is ± 30 ° approximately of the normals of relative reflecting plate 17, if the angle of inclination δ of par 21 relative reflecting plates 17 is approximately ± 10 ° in, just can make the composition 33 of the light of reflection on par 21 is seldom.In addition, in Fig. 4, easily understand, angle of inclination δ is represented also bigger than above-mentioned proper range for 21 relative interfaces 28, par are tilted.

Like this, if it is parallel or with less than ± 10 ° of inclinations that par 21 is formed relative interface 28, the incident light that then makes light source 26 with than to the also big incident angle of the incident angle of rake 22 to par 21 incidents.Therefore, light source 26 is difficult to external leaks to the light of par 21 incidents, the light quantity that becomes reflection on par 21 is many, therefore, can suppress the loss of light source light.

In addition, now consider the reflective-mode use occasion of this reflection type LCD when turning off the light.At this moment, during ambient light when considering that reflective-mode with above-mentioned (2) uses, enter liquid crystal pipe 10, the area of par 21 is the bigger the better in order to make sufficient ambient light.

3, the configuration of the rake 22 at interface 23 and par 21

About the rake 22 at interface 23 and the configuration of par 21, below two conditions be important.

(a) user is when 23 1 sides are seen reflection type LCD from the interface, and the area of rake 22 is little, and the area of par 21 is big,

(b) summation of the projection of the rake 22 relative planes of incidence 25 is big, and the summation of the projection of par 21 is little.

The condition of above-mentioned (a) means that promptly par 21 is bigger than the projection summation of rake 22 to the summation of the projection at interface 28.Rake 22 is to the size of interface 28 projections, is that the inclined angle alpha by rake 22 relative interfaces 28 decides shown in Fig. 2 (c).Therefore, by adjusting the size of inclined angle alpha, it is possible the area of the rake of seeing from the user 22 is compared with the area of par 21 becoming very for a short time.

In addition, consistent by the pitch that makes rake 22 and par 21 with the extraction or the bus of the sweep trace of liquid crystal pipe 10, can on the liquid crystal pipe 10 actual whole zones that show, dispose par 21, can further improve the utilization factor of light.

The condition of above-mentioned (b) means, as previously mentioned, in order effectively to utilize the incident light of light source 26, preferably when normal direction is seen the plane of incidence 25, can only see the rake 22 at interface 23.

Below, the measurement result about the illumination light intensity of front lamp 20 is described.In order to measure the illumination light intensity of front lamp 20, adopt mensuration system as shown in Figure 5.That is, the normal direction at the interface 28 of front lamp 20 as 0 °, is measured the light intensity in the scope from 0 ° to ± 90 ° with detecting device 34.

Its measurement result as shown in Figure 6, Fig. 6 clearly represents, injects the light of optical conductor 24 from the light source 26 of front lamp 20 by the plane of incidence 25, because the effect of optical conductor 24 and roughly to the normal direction radiation at interface 28.That is to say that front lamp 20 can make wide the causing of the light source 26 that is configured in optical conductor 24 sides vertically inject liquid crystal pipe 10, gives full play to the floor light effect.

In addition, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment is compared with the display of emissive types such as transmission-type LCD, CRT, PDD, has the brighter advantage of demonstration.

That is to say, shown in Fig. 7 (a), relatively ambient light 37, the direct of travel from the light 36a of the display 35 of emissive type is become oppositely.What therefore, the observer saw is from the composition 36b behind the deduction ambient light 37 among the light 36a.

To this, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment, in the occasion of using with light illumination mode shown in Fig. 7 (b), from the fill-in light 39a of front lamp 20 and ambient light 37 by the reflecting plate of liquid crystal pipe 10 (not shown) reflect, the observer can see be equivalent to fill-in light 39a and ambient light 37 and composition 39b.Therefore, even, also can realize clearer demonstration not only in the bright place of dark place outside room on daytime for example.

Therefore, the structure of present embodiment has stair-stepping optical conductor 24 by front lamp 20, can improve the utilization factor of light source 26 radiating lights.In view of the above, the insufficient occasion of light can provide the reflection type LCD that does not rely on surrounding environment and can often know demonstration to the enough illumination light of liquid crystal pipe 10 irradiations around.

As mentioned above, the present invention be configured in illuminated thing the place ahead, have the place ahead lighting device of light source and optical conductor, the 1st emitting surface that above-mentioned optical conductor possesses the plane of incidence of the light source light injected, penetrate to illuminated thing granting and in the face of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, catoptrical the 2nd emitting surface of the illuminated thing of radiation, described the 2nd emitting surface by mainly with light source light to the rake of the 1st emitting surface reflection and mainly allow par that illuminated thing reflected light passes through, pass through this rake and par to form described optical conductor stepped by alternate configurations.

Therefore, in said structure, illumination light is radiated to illuminated thing from the 1st emitting surface, and from the reflected light of illuminated thing, from above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface once more in the back light conductor, the par by the 2nd emitting surface arrives observer's one side.With the 2nd emitting surface in the face of the 1st emitting surface of the optical conductor of said structure form by described dip plane of alternate configurations and tabular surface form stepped, in addition, because the rake between tabular surface and tabular surface mainly reflects the light of light source to the 1st emitting surface, become in the incident light of light source, all parallel the and composition par is reflected, is shone to illuminated thing from the 1st emitting surface by above-mentioned rake.Therefore, compare, in the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, can make to be parallel to the leakage outside optical conductor of light of advancing the par with traditional structure with the optical conductor that forms substantially planar, and to illuminated thing irradiation.Therefore, can improve the utilization factor of light source light, brighter the place ahead lighting device is provided.

In addition, be configured in illuminated thing the place ahead, have the place ahead lighting device of light source and optical conductor, above-mentioned optical conductor has plane bottom surface, in the face of the surface of above-mentioned bottom surface and the plane of incidence that makes light source light incident, also above-mentioned surface can be formed by the par of relative bottom surface almost parallel and relative above-mentioned par to the rake alternate configurations of equidirectional inclination form stepped.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, the above-mentioned plane of incidence is positioned at the side of optical conductor.Therefore, by allowing light, has the advantage that the observer can directly not see light source from the side incident of optical conductor.Thus, the light of light source does not directly bring influence to the image of illuminated thing, can realize obtaining the place ahead lighting device of distinct illuminated thing image.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, above-mentioned rake is substantially equal to the projection of the plane of incidence to above-mentioned plane to the summation perpendicular to the plane projection of the 1st emitting surface.Therefore, make whole parts that are parallel to the 1st emitting surface from the light of optical conductor plane of incidence incident, reflect to the 1st emitting surface to rake incident.Therefore, can further improve the utilization factor of light source light, brighter the place ahead lighting device is provided.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, also has the light source light of making only to the beam condensing unit of above-mentioned plane of incidence incident.Therefore, can further make the loss minimizing of light source light, the utilization factor of raising light source light, obtain the place ahead lighting device of brighter area source.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, compare, make above-mentioned rake less to the summation of above-mentioned the 1st outgoing plane projection to the area summation of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface projection with above-mentioned par.Owing to make to the light of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface incident, illuminated thing reflection by to observer's radiation,, preferably make the projection summation of rake littler as far as possible than the summation of the projection of par in order to obtain bright distinct image in the par of the 2nd emitting surface.Therefore, according to above-mentioned structure, common will mainly having increased to the area that shows the par that illuminated thing image works.Its result can realize obtaining the place ahead lighting device of bright distinct image.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, not necessarily to make above-mentioned par parallel with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, can relative above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface have an angle of inclination below 10 °.Especially in other influence of display level of considering for illuminated thing image, be advisable with 0-10 ° in the angle of inclination of relative the 1st emitting surface in the par on the 2nd emitting surface.

The said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device satisfies above-mentioned formula 2.This preferably make light source to the incident light of the 2nd emitting surface rake by this rake total reflection, as incident angle θ to rake ₁Satisfy above-mentioned condition, can make incident light produce total reflection to rake.Therefore, can make light source light not examine a side to observation and produce leakage, can further improve the utilization factor of light from rake.Its result can obtain to have the place ahead lighting device of the bright area source of existing conduct.

Reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention possesses the reflective liquid crystal pipe with reflecting plate, simultaneously, the place ahead lighting device of said structure in the former configuration of above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal pipe.

Therefore, on the one hand, exist for example outdoor by day grade to have under the sufficient ambient light irradiation occasion, lighting device bright lamp in the place ahead is used during light quantity around sufficient can not obtaining in addition the place ahead lighting device light-off use occasion.Its result can provide not rely on the ambient illumination environment, can often reach the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of bright high-level demonstration.

In addition, in the said structure of reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention, the reflective liquid crystal pipe has sweep trace, preferably make the pitch of described sweep trace and described the place ahead lighting device the 2nd emitting surface the par pitch about equally, the par is configured in the top of sweep trace.Therefore, the par can be configured in on the actual pixel area that shows of liquid crystal pipe.Its result is because the reflected light from pixel area so can further improve the utilization factor of light, can provide the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that can realize high-level demonstration effectively to par incident.

Embodiment 2

Now to other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And, to having the part identical, put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation with the function that has illustrated in previous embodiment 1.

The present embodiment reflection type LCD is characterized in the front of liquid crystal pipe 10 having the forward lighting systems 51 by the 2nd optical conductor 40 formations of front lamp 20 that illustrated (the 1st light conductor) and wedge shape as shown in Figure 8 in embodiment 1.

Above-mentioned the 2nd optical conductor 40 is configured between the optical conductor 24 and liquid crystal pipe 10 of front lamp 20, it has the parallel inclined-plane 41, the interface 28 of relative optical conductor 24 and the surperficial parallel bottom surface 42 of relative liquid crystal pipe 10.The pitch angle of 41 relative bottom surfaces 42, inclined-plane is shown in Fig. 9 (a), and preferred design becomes to make each rake 22 at the interface 23 of optical conductor 24 continuous connecting line 49 in each summit of chevron that links to each other with par 21 parallel with bottom surface 42.

And, preferably the 2nd optical conductor 40 is used as far as possible the material that equates with optical conductor 24 refractive indexes to form as the 1st optical conductor.Much less, the 2nd optical conductor 40 also can be used with optical conductor 24 identical materials and form.In addition, can with optical conductor 24 and the 2nd optical conductor 40 usefulness for example method such as injection moulding form one, can simplify manufacturing process.

The spreading particle diameter is the granular liner (not shown) of 50 μ m in advance in the gap of 40 of optical conductor 24 and the 2nd optical conductors.In view of the above, form particle diameter space 43 about equally with above-mentioned liner at

optical conductor

24 and 40 of the 2nd optical conductors.

Between the polarization plate 18 of the bottom surface of the 2nd optical conductor 40 and liquid crystal pipe 10, be full of the filler consistent (not shown) with both refractive indexes.Therefore, can prevent to cause the reflected light decay, further suppress the loss of light source light because of the 2nd optical conductor 40 and polarization plate 18 interfaces.Also have, can adopt for example ultraviolet ray (UV) hardening resin or gaultherolin etc. as above-mentioned filler.

Here, to describing at

optical conductor

24 and 10 effects that the 2nd optical conductor 40 is set of liquid crystal pipe.

Shown in Fig. 9 (b), in the structure of not establishing the 2nd optical conductor 40 (embodiment 1), from rake 22 to as to the interface 28 of the emitting surface of liquid crystal pipe 10 apart from 1n, diminish along with the distance X n that leaves light source 26.To this, in the forward lighting systems 51 of present embodiment, shown in Fig. 9 (a), by the 2nd optical conductor 40 is set, from rake 22 to as to the distance L n of the bottom surface 42 of the 2nd optical conductor 40 of liquid crystal pipe 10 emitting surfaces with irrelevant and about equally from the distance X n of light source 26.

That is to say, by the 2nd optical conductor 40 being had make distance to keep certain effect from the rake 22 of front lamp 20 to liquid crystal pipe 10, thereby forward lighting systems 51 is not as depending on the distance of leaving light source 26, with the effect of the luminous area source of certain brightness.

Here, in order to find out the effect that adopts the 2nd optical conductor 40, shown in Figure 10 (a), when move the bottom surface 42 that makes detecting device 44 be parallel to the 2nd optical conductor 40, measure the Luminance Distribution of the output light of forward lighting systems 51.And, the plane of incidence 25 is neighbouring as measuring starting position Ps, will leave light source 26 position farthest on the bottom surface 42 as the P that locates at last _EMeasurement result is shown in Figure 11 (a).

Equally, for relatively, for the Luminance Distribution of the output light of measuring the structure (embodiment 1) of not establishing the 2nd optical conductor 40, shown in Figure 10 (b), measure when move at the interface 28 that makes detecting device 44 be parallel to front lamp 20.And, the plane of incidence 25 is neighbouring as measuring starting position Ps, will leave light source 26 position farthest on the interface 28 as the P that locates at last _EThe result who measures is shown in Figure 11 (b).

From Figure 11 (a) relatively and Figure 11 (b) as can be known, for the occasion of not establishing the 2nd optical conductor 40, shown in Figure 11 (b), the pitch P of brightness peak is big more the closer to light source 26, it is more little to leave light source 26 more, and the forward lighting systems 51 of present embodiment is shown in Figure 11 (a), the pitch P of brightness peak along the whole bottom surface 42 of the 2nd guide way 40 about equally, the peak value of brightness is also all identical.

Like this, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment is by having forward lighting systems 51 in liquid crystal pipe 10 fronts, and this forward lighting systems 51 has between optical conductor 24 and liquid crystal pipe 10 as the 1st optical conductor, be the 2nd certain optical conductor 40 for making distance from the rake 22 of optical conductor 24 to liquid crystal pipe 10, thereby 51 pairs of liquid crystal pipes 10 of forward lighting systems are thrown light on uniformly, even in the occasion that can not obtain sufficient ambient light, also can realize illuminating the effect of uniform high-level demonstration.

As mentioned above, the place ahead lighting device of the invention described above, and then by the optical conductor among the embodiment 1 as the 1st optical conductor with make from the 2nd optical conductor of the illuminance distributionization of the light of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface radiation and constitute.

Because the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, the 1st optical conductor is formed stepped, make from the distance of rake to the 1 emitting surface of the 2nd emitting surface to diminish pro rata with the distance of leaving light source.Therefore, existence is inhomogeneous from the Luminance Distribution of the light of the 1st emitting surface radiation.Above-mentioned structure by having the 2nd optical conductor, makes the illuminance distributionization to the radiating light of illuminated thing.Its result can provide the place ahead lighting device as the area source of eliminating brightness irregularities.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, the 2nd optical conductor has the 1st surface in the face of the 1st emitting surface of the 1st optical conductor, in the face of above-mentioned the 1st surface, make from the 1st optical conductor, incident light by above-mentioned the 1st surface to the 2nd surface of illuminated thing radiation, become simultaneously above-mentioned the 1st surface and the 2nd surface make from the 2nd emitting surface of the 1st optical conductor each rake extremely above-mentioned the 2nd surface apart from approximate equality.

Therefore, in said structure, by having the 2nd optical conductor, make in the 1st optical conductor respectively from each rake of the 2nd emitting surface of reflection source light to become to the 2nd surface of the 2nd optical conductor of the emitting surface of illuminated thing apart from homogenising, make Luminance Distribution equalization from the radiating light on above-mentioned the 2nd surface.Its result can realize the place ahead lighting device as the even brightness area source.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, preferably make the refractive index of the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor refractive index about equally.With this structure, because the refractive index of the refractive index of the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor about equally, the light that reflects with the 2nd inclined-plane rake on the 1st optical conductor is become with its original angle radiate to illuminated thing.Its result can not consider to optical conductor incident the time or the variation of the optical track mark that causes because of refraction when the 2nd optical conductor radiates exactly, has the design easy advantage that becomes.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor can be formed one.Use this structure, because the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor form one, so have advantage easy to manufacture.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor, import to relaxing filler because of the refringence that causes on the optical interface between these optical conductors.

According to above-mentioned structure, and between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor, exist the occasion of air layer to compare, can suppress the decay of the light that causes because of refraction that the optical interface between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor causes.Its result can further improve the utilization factor of light source light, realizes the place ahead lighting device as brighter area source.And,,, make better effects if because of reducing the number of the optical interface between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor if one of them refractive index of the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor is equated with the refractive index of filler.

Embodiment 3

Now as follows to other embodiments of the invention accompanying drawings.And, to have with aforementioned each embodiment in illustrate, have said function structure put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment as shown in figure 12, in the former configuration of liquid crystal pipe 10 structure of the forward lighting systems 52 that constitutes by front lamp 20 and the 2nd optical conductor 45.

Above-mentioned the 2nd optical conductor 45, as shown in figure 13, have and make from the incident light of optical conductor 24, also have simultaneously only to make and carry out scattering and make anisotropic scattering plate from the incident light transmission property beyond the afore mentioned rules angular range from the light of predetermined angular scope incident only to the forward scattering plate of light working direction one sidescattering function.As the 2nd optical conductor 45 that satisfies such condition, for example be the viewing angle control plate (trade name: lumisty) etc. of commercially available Sumitomo Chemical Co.

In addition, the 2nd optical conductor 45 makes the angular range of incident light scattering preferably comprise the angular range of the radiating light incident that makes optical conductor 24 fully.In view of the above, can make the radiating light of optical conductor 24 not have the waste scattering, can improve the utilization factor of light source light.In addition, by making the 2nd optical conductor 45 for only making incident light scattering from the predetermined angular scope, make the anisotropic scattering of afore mentioned rules angular range incident light transmission property in addition, because the incident light beyond the afore mentioned rules angular range, the 2nd optical conductor 45 is inoperative to it, can prevent the problem that the demonstration rank that causes because of the scattered light that need not descends.

In the gap between optical conductor 24 and the 2nd optical conductor 45 in advance the spreading particle diameter be the granular liner (not shown) of 50 μ m.In view of the above, as shown in figure 12, in optical conductor 24 and the 2nd optical conductor 45 gaps, form the space 46 that roughly equates with the particle diameter of above-mentioned liner.

Between the polarization plate (not shown) of the 2nd optical conductor 45 and liquid crystal pipe 10, be full of the filler that makes both refractive indexes consistent.Therefore, the decay of the light that the refraction because of the interface of the 2nd optical conductor 45 and liquid crystal pipe 10 causes can be prevented, the loss of light source light can be further suppressed.

Now the measurement result to the illumination light intensity of forward lighting systems 52 describes.In order to measure the illumination light intensity of forward lighting systems 52, used same mensuration system of mensuration system (with reference to Fig. 5) in use and the previous embodiment 1.The normal direction of the 2nd optical conductor 45 of forward lighting systems 52 as 0 °, has been measured the scope from 0 ° to ± 90 ° with detecting device 34, come since the next light intensity of the face that is positioned at liquid crystal pipe 10 1 sides of the 2nd optical conductor 45.That measures the results are shown in Figure 14.

As can be seen from Figure 14, the forward lighting systems 52 of present embodiment by make the radiating light scattering as the optical conductor 24 of the 1st optical conductor with the 2nd optical conductor 45, is compared with embodiment 1, has the angular characteristics of evening up.

Like this, the structure that has illustrated in the present embodiment owing to have the 2nd optical conductor 45 of the radiating light scattering that makes optical conductor 24, makes the illuminance distributionization to the light of liquid crystal pipe 10 radiation, can shine equably liquid crystal pipe 10.

In addition, as above-mentioned the 2nd optical conductor 45, except the anisotropic scattering plate, also can use holograph (hologram) etc.

As mentioned above, the place ahead lighting device of the invention described above also can be in the structure of the 2nd optical conductor shown in the embodiment 2 as the light-scattering body formation of the radiating light scattering of the 1st emitting surface that makes the 1st optical conductor.

In said structure, make the radiating light scattering of the 1st optical conductor by light-scattering body as the 2nd optical conductor, make illuminance distributionization to the radiating light of illuminated thing.Its result can realize the place ahead lighting device as the brightness uniform area light source.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, because above-mentioned light-scattering body is the anisotropic scattering body that only makes from the incident light scattering of predetermined angular scope, and the radiating light at least a portion in the 2nd optical conductor incident angle scope from the 1st optical conductor is included in the angular range of afore mentioned rules.

Therefore, according to above-mentioned structure, because the incident light beyond the afore mentioned rules scope,, cause and make the visual deterioration of illuminated thing so can suppress scattered light because of no fdmj for example to the light of observer's direction output etc./inoperative to it as the anisotropic scattering body of above-mentioned light-scattering body.In addition,, make the incident of the radiating light of the 1st optical conductor, can make the incident light scattering effectively by as the light-scattering body of the 2nd optical conductor angular range at the incident light that makes scattering.Its result can realize the distinct the place ahead lighting device of the illuminated thing image of the area source even as brightness, that je is bright/can obtain.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, above-mentioned light-scattering body also is the forward scattering body.Also be by making the light-scattering body as the 2nd optical conductor, the incident light that makes the 1st optical conductor only to the forward scattering body of working direction one sidescattering of this light, makes the not scattering rearward of incident light of the 1st optical conductor.Therefore, can further improve the utilization factor of light, can prevent from simultaneously to worsen because of backscattering light causes illuminated thing image.Its result, can realize as brightness evenly, the wet look light source, obtain the place ahead lighting device of the distinct image of illuminated thing.

Embodiment 4

Now to other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And, to have with aforementioned each embodiment in the structure of the said function that illustrated put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation.

As illustrate in the aforementioned embodiment, when the interface 23 that is positioned at observer's one side of optical conductor 24 is formed by rake 22 and par 21, with liquid crystal pipe 10 reflection, once more to the light of optical conductor 24 incidents during by interface 23, it is fuzzy that image will be produced.

That is to say, as shown in figure 15, the output light 48a of liquid crystal pipe 10 may not be only from the par 21, also from rake 22 to observer's one side transmission.At this moment, make the radiating light 48b of rake 22 and the radiating light 48c of par 21, owing to variant radiation direction is intersected, thereby it is fuzzy that the essential image that shows is occurred.

For solving such problem, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment as shown in figure 16, is formed on the surface of rake 22 at interface 23 of optical conductor 24 and has added the metallic reflective coating 47 (reflecting member) that makes the light reflection.Above-mentioned metallic reflective coating 47 makes whole light and its incident angle to rake 22 incidents irrespectively reflect as shown in figure 16.Therefore, 23 be sidelong the light of penetrating to observer one and only become light from the interface by par 21.Its result can obtain the image of the distinctness that do not take place to blur.

Below, to as a kind ofly making the method for above-mentioned metallic reflective coating 47, being that example describes with the aluminum.In addition, the material of metallic reflective coating 47 is not limited to aluminium, also can use for example silver etc.

At first, shown in Figure 17 (a), on the whole surface at the interface 23 of optical conductor 24, form aluminium film 61 with sputter etc.And then shown in Figure 17 (b), coated photoresist 62 on the surface of aluminium film 61.Then, through exposure process, shown in Figure 17 (c), make photoresist 62 form pattern.Then, shown in Figure 17 (d), the photoresist 62 that is shaped as mask (mask), is carried out etching to aluminium film 61.After this, by photoresist 62 is peeled off, shown in Figure 17 (e), on the surface of the rake 22 at interface 23, form the metallic reflective coating 47 that constitutes by aluminium.

As mentioned above, by on the surface of rake 22, being provided with metallic reflective coating 47, as shown in figure 16, the tilt angle alpha of rake 22 relatively flat portions 21 can be increased.For example, as shown in figure 18, be not provided with on rake 22 in the structure of metallic reflective coating, when tilt angle alpha was taken as roughly 60 °, using to become by rake 22 to the light 49a of rake 22 incidents than the also little incident angle of critical angle θ c became light 49b to observer's one side transmission.Show that rank worsens because such light 49b makes, and do not wish to occur.

To this, in the structure of present embodiment, by on rake 22, forming metallic reflective coating 47, even get bigger tilt angle alpha, above-mentioned smooth 49b is not existed from the light of rake 22 transmissions like that, make will be whole on rake 22 light reflect.

Like this, bigger by the tilt angle alpha of rake 22 being obtained, when 21 normal direction is seen from the par, be difficult to recognize rake 22, have and can make display level you can well imagine high advantage.

In addition, as shown in figure 19, on the surface of above-mentioned metallic reflective coating 47, if stacked black matrix (matrix) 47b (shading member) that prevents the ambient light reflection can prevent that then ambient light is to observer's one lateral reflection.Therefore, owing to other deterioration of display level that can prevent to cause to observer's one lateral reflection, then better because of ambient light.

The characteristics of the front lamp 20 of relevant present embodiment are to form not produce from the metallic reflective coating 47 of rake 22 to the transmitted light of observer's one side on rake 22.Therefore, to be sidelong the light of penetrating to observer one only be the radiating light of par 21 owing to become from the interface 23, so have among the type of the penetrating LCD of this front lamp 20 in the front of liquid crystal pipe 10, can obtain the displayed image of unambiguous distinctness.

As mentioned above, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is that the reflecting member that makes the light reflection is set on the surface of the rake of the 1st optical conductor.Preferably make the light of light source, carry out total reflection with this rake to the rake incident of the 2nd emitting surface.Therefore, by on above-mentioned rake, reflecting member being set, making to incident light and this incident angle of rake and irrespectively carry out total reflection.Therefore, light source light can not leaked to observer's one side from rake, further improves the utilization factor of light.Its result can realize the place ahead lighting device as the wet look light source.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, the shading member is set on the surface of above-mentioned reflecting member.Therefore, make and adopt this reflecting member reflection ambient light and enter in observer's the order, make the image of illuminated thing show that rank reduces the place ahead lighting device that is prevented, can obtain distinct illuminated thing image.

The rake of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is in said structure, when the refractive index of establishing optical conductor is n ₂, the external agency that contacts with above-mentioned rake refractive index be n ₁, so, light source also can produce effective function to the incident angle θ of rake incident light in the scope of following inequality.

θ＜arc?sin(n ₁/n ₂)

Light source is to the incident angle θ of rake incident light, along with the angle of inclination of relatively flat portion increases and reduces.If on the rake of the 2nd emitting surface, reflecting member is set, make to light and this incident angle of rake incident and irrespectively carry out total reflection, do not penetrate and be not sidelong to observer one by rake.Therefore, in the incident angle θ of rake incident light satisfies the scope of above-mentioned inequality, can design the angle of inclination of rake relatively flat portion bigger than normal at light source.Its result when the normal direction of par is seen, is difficult to recognize illuminated thing image is shown helpless rake, can realize improving the demonstration rank of illuminated thing image.

Embodiment 5

Now to other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And, to have with aforementioned each embodiment in the structure of the identical function that illustrated put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation.

The characteristics of the reflection type LCD of present embodiment as shown in figure 20, to have the forward lighting systems 53 that constitutes by the optical compensation plate 64 (compensation system) on the front that is arranged on liquid crystal pipe 10, the front lamp 20 that in embodiment 1, had illustrated and the interface 23 that is arranged on this front lamp 20.

In above-mentioned optical compensation plate 64, as shown in figure 20, be will be in the face of the bottom surface 64a of the optical conductor 24 of front lamp 20, constitute stepped with interface 23 complementations of optical conductor 24.Just the position in the face of the rake 22 of optical conductor 24 of bottom surface 64a is formed the rake 65 parallel with rake 22, in the face of the parallel par 66 in the position formation of the par 21 of optical conductor 24 and par 21.In addition, the surperficial 64b that is positioned at observer's one side with optical compensation plate 64 forms parallel with the interface 28 of optical conductor 24.

Optical compensation plate

64,24 the same, available for example PMMA make by injection moulding with optical conductor.As mentioned above, respectively with the rake of optical compensation plate 64 and optical conductor 24 with the par is configured to face-to-face and join by the granular liner (not shown) that particle diameter is about 20 μ m.In view of the above, become at 23 at the interface of the bottom surface of optical compensation plate 64 64a and optical conductor 24 and form the roughly air layer 67 of uniform thickness.

Like this, optical compensation plate 64 is set and between optical conductor 24 and optical compensation plate 64, has air layer 67, can obtain following effect by front at optical conductor 24.

That is to say, as at the reference accompanying drawing to described in the explanation of previous embodiment 4, even advance to equidirectional in optical conductor 24 inside to the light 48a48a of optical conductor 24 incidents once more from liquid crystal pipe 10, by respectively from the interface 23 rake 22 or par 21 by, from the interface 23 of optical conductor with different direction radiation, so cause image blurring.

To this, in the forward lighting systems 53 of present embodiment, as shown in figure 21, from liquid crystal pipe 10 with equidirectional to the light 68a69a of optical conductor 24 incidents after optical plate 24 radiation, by because of air layer 67 and refraction as the bottom surface 64a at the interface of optical compensation plate 64, becoming once more with the equidirectional light that advances, is exactly shown in light 68b69b, from the surperficial 64b of optical compensation plate 64 with equidirectional radiation.Therefore, when observer's one side is seen, can obtain the image of unambiguous distinctness.

In addition, except above-mentioned optical compensation plate 64, shown in Figure 22 (a), also can be at the flat optical compensation plate 71 of the former configuration of optical conductor 24.In this occasion, shown in Figure 22 (b), have different refractivity by making, make respectively to the radiation angle of observer's one side radiating light θ a θ b about equally from the surface of regional 71a71b from the incident area 71a of the light of rake 22 radiation of optical conductor 24 with from the incident area 71b of the light of par 21 radiation of optical conductor 24.Perhaps, also regional 71a can be formed with the member (for example diffraction element) with diffraction function, so that make the light by this zone 71a and make light by regional 71b with equidirectional diffraction.

Perhaps, shown in Figure 22 (c), also can be by in optical compensation plate 71, zone, form with the black shield 71c of shading from the light incident of rake 22 radiation of optical conductor 24, make the light that radiates from rake 22 can not arrive observer's one side.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment structure, radiation direction by making the light that radiates respectively from the rake 22 at the interface 23 of optical conductor 24 and par 21 with optical compensation plate 64 (or optical compensation plate 71) is consistent, can realize providing the unambiguous distinct reflection type LCD that shows.

As mentioned above, in the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, be and then possess and make from the radiating light of the par of the 2nd emitting surface and the consistent compensation system of radiation direction from the radiating light of rake.

Because above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface formation is made the stepped of par and rake alternate configurations, become from the 1st emitting surface inject optical conductor, by the light of illuminated thing reflection, radiate with different directions with rake from the par of the 2nd emitting surface respectively, thereby make the image of illuminated thing produce fuzzy.Therefore, shown in above-mentioned structure, make from the radiating light of the par of the 2nd emitting surface and the consistent compensation system of radiation direction, can obtain the image of illuminated distinctness from the radiating light of rake by having.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, above-mentioned compensation system has the 1st surface and the 2nd surface of facing above-mentioned the 1st surface in the face of optical conductor the 2nd emitting surface, the 1st surface configuration that to install by way of compensation simultaneously becomes to make with the dip plane of the rake almost parallel of the 2nd emitting surface of optical conductor and with the tabular surface of the par almost parallel of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface and alternately links to each other, formation is stepped with above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface complementation, with the 2nd surface configuration one-tenth of above-mentioned compensation system and the 1st emitting surface almost parallel of optical conductor.

Therefore, according to said structure, make from the light of optical conductor the 1st emitting surface to illuminated thing radiation, with illuminated thing reflection, from above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface back light conductor inside again, as shown in figure 21, respectively from the par 21 of the 2nd emitting surface and rake 22 with different direction radiation.Yet, by the 1st surperficial 64a in the face of the compensation system 64 of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface configuration being formed stepped with the 2nd emitting surface complementation of optical conductor, the light 69a that make from the par 21 radiation to the incident of the dip plane on the 1st surface, become light 68b69b with roughly same direction radiation from the 2nd surface radiation to the tabular surface incident on the 1st surface of compensation system and from the light 68a of rake 22 radiation.Like this, the radiation direction by making from the par radiating light that comes is consistent with the radiation direction of the radiating light from rake, can obtain the illuminated thing image of unambiguous distinctness.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, what make above-mentioned compensation system mainly has different refractive indexes from the incident area of the rake radiating light of the 2nd emitting surface with the incident area of main par radiating light from the 2nd emitting surface.

Therefore, in said structure,, make respectively the direction of radiating consistent from rake and par with making mainly from the incident area and the compensation system that mainly has different refractive indexes of rake radiating light from the incident area of par radiating light.Its result can provide the place ahead lighting device of the illuminated thing image that can obtain unambiguous distinctness.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, also can be at above-mentioned compensation system mainly the diffraction member is set from the incident area of the rake radiating light of the 2nd emitting surface.In this structure, by the diffraction member being set, make that the radiation direction from rake and par is consistent respectively at main incident area from the rake radiating light.Its result can realize obtaining the place ahead lighting device of the illuminated thing image of unambiguous distinctness.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, also can the shading member be set at the main incident area of above-mentioned compensation system from the 2nd emitting surface radiating light.In this structure, by not making light transmissive shading member main incident area setting from the rake radiating light, becoming the light that makes from the radiation of optical conductor the 2nd emitting surface only is from the par radiating light.Therefore, can realize to obtain the place ahead lighting device of the illuminated thing image of unambiguous distinctness.

Embodiment 6

Now as follows to other embodiment accompanying drawings of the present invention.And,, put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation the structure of the said function that has and in aforementioned each embodiment, illustrated.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment is the structure of having added contact feature board on the forward lighting systems 53 (with reference to Figure 20) of the reflection type LCD that illustrated in previous embodiment 5.

In order to realize above-mentioned contact plate function, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment as shown in figure 23, on the 64a of the bottom surface of optical compensation plate 64, have the transparency electrode 72 that for example constitutes by ITO (indium tin oxide), but the reflecting electrode 73 that reflected light is set on the rake 22 of optical conductor 24 simultaneously and has electric conductivity, for example aluminium formation.Above-mentioned transparency electrode 72 and reflecting electrode 73 constitute position detecting device.

Vertical view shape at the above-mentioned reflecting electrode 73 that is expression when the normal direction of the par 21 of optical conductor 24 is seen of the figure shown in the bottom of Figure 24.As shown in figure 24, because reflecting electrode 73 is provided with on whole of the rake 22 of optical conductor 23, so as when the normal direction of the par 21 of optical conductor 24 is seen, be band shape.And as shown in figure 25, the transparency electrode 72 that forms on optical compensation plate 64 also forms banded, and reflecting electrode 73 intersects vertically into rectangular with transparency electrode 72.

In addition, the granular liner of plastics (not shown) of the about 10 μ m of spreading particle diameter between the transparent electrode 72 of the reflecting electrode 73 of optical conductor 24 and optical compensation plate 64 forms and this particle diameter space about equally.

This optical compensation plate 64 has pliability, as shown in figure 26, by pushing with pen 74, transparency electrode 72 is contacted with reflecting electrode 73.Coordinate identification after pushing with pen 74 is undertaken by following.As shown in figure 25,, measure the Building X mark and the Building Y mark of contact point 75, in the plane of contact plate, can determine with pen 74 location coordinate of pushing by on transparency electrode 72 and reflecting electrode 73, carrying out signal scanning respectively by the line sequential system.

In addition, illustrated the structure that on optical compensation plate 64, forms banded transparency electrode 72 here, yet, also can on whole of the bottom surface of optical compensation plate 64 64a, form transparency electrode.Yet, as mentioned above, transparency electrode 72 is formed the banded high advantage of light utilization efficiency that has.

Therefore, if according to the present embodiment structure, because optical compensation plate 64 has the function as contact plate, so the reflection type LCD that can be used the pen input relatively by liquid crystal pipe 10 content displayed can be provided.

As mentioned above, reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention has the place ahead lighting device shown in the previous embodiment 5 in the reflective liquid crystal pipe front with reflecting plate, the relative authorised pressure of above-mentioned compensation system has flexible, is provided with on above-mentioned compensation system and the 2nd emitting surface respectively simultaneously by contacting with each other a pair of position detecting mechanism that measure the position of exerting pressure.

Therefore, said structure has and makes the function of the place ahead lighting device as so-called contact plate.That is to say, for example when certain position on the surface of pushing compensation system with pen etc., make the deflection of compensation system, a pair of position detecting device that is separately positioned on compensation system and the 2nd emitting surface is contacted with each other on above-mentioned position.If above-mentioned position detecting device is discerned this position as coordinate, can realize to use by content displayed on the liquid crystal pipe relatively the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of pen input.

And, in the said structure of reflection LCD device of the present invention, the reflective liquid crystal pipe has sweep trace, above-mentioned position detecting device is included in the transparency electrode of the par formation of the 2nd emitting surface, the pitch of above-mentioned sweep trace and the pitch of above-mentioned transparency electrode about equally, transparency electrode is configured in the top of sweep trace.

Therefore, in said structure, the transparency electrode of position detecting device can be configured in the liquid crystal pipe is actual and carry out on the displayed image zone.Its result, the resolution of the resolution of contact plate and liquid crystal pipe becomes about equally.Has the effect that input imagery and the sense of displayed image one are improved when therefore, importing with contact plate.

Embodiment 7

For other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And,, put on identical symbol, and omit its explanation having and the structure that function is identical being described in the aforementioned embodiment.

The front lamp that the reflection type LCD of present embodiment has, as shown in figure 27, be characterized in the structure that aforesaid embodiment 1 illustrated, between the plane of incidence 25 of light source 26 and optical conductor 24 and then increase as control from the prism plate 81 and the scatter plate 82 of light source 26 to the photocontrol mechanism of the plane of incidence 25 incident light scattering angle.In addition, the prism vertex angle with prism plate 81 is made as 100 °.18 of the polarization plates of optical conductor 24 and liquid crystal pipe 10, import to relaxing the filler 84 of refringence.

Light source 26 for example can adopt fluorescent tube, but does not have directionality and generation at random certainly from the light of fluorescent tube output.Therefore, exist, become the light that leaks from rake 22 and will cause showing that rank descends with than the light of the big angle of critical angle to rake 22 incidents of optical conductor 24.

When the material that is considered as optical conductor 24 should adopt refractive index to be about 1.5 PMMA, incident angle was that the following incident light to rake 22 of critical angle (about 42 °) becomes leak light.For such leak light does not take place,, can control the output scattering of light angle of light source 26 in advance for not making the incident light that becomes leak light to optical conductor 24 incidents.

In addition, as shown in figure 28, the pitch angle of establishing rake 22 relative interfaces 28 is α.For convenience of explanation, Figure 28 is the figure that the position relation of the rake 22 of optical conductor 24, interface 28 and the plane of incidence 25 is represented separately, and in fact optical conductor 24 of course not makes such shape.

Be ± β if establish the scattering angle of incident light of the plane of incidence 25 of optical conductor 24, the critical angle of rake 22 is θ c, and above-mentioned light can be expressed as to the incident angle θ of rake 22:

θ＝90°-α-β

Therefore, for not making the plane of incidence 25 not be by the condition of rake 22 to the incident light of rake 22

θc＜θ＝90°-α-β

Or β＜90 °-(θ c+ α) ... (formula 3)

And in this embodiment, the inclined angle alpha of getting rake 22 is 10 °.With this and with critical angle θ c is 42 °, according to above-mentioned formula 3, can derive β＜38 °.

The output light of light source 26 in case because of scatter plate 82 scatterings to prism plate 81 incidents.Prism plate 81 has the function of scattered light to specific angular range optically focused, at prism vertex angle is 100 ° of occasions, as shown in figure 29, scattered light is assembled, in about ± 40 ° angular range, accumulate in approximately by making ± optically focused in 40 ° the angular range is when optical conductor 24 incidents, with the further optically focused of the refraction of the plane of incidence 25, become the scattered light of gathering into about ± 25.4 ° of scopes, also just produce and say, the scattering angle of the incident light of the plane of incidence 25 can be received in fully in the scope of above-mentioned β＜38 °, hence one can see that, can not produce the leak light of rake 22 naturally.

Therefore, the reflection type LCD of this example in order to control the light source light scattering, by between the plane of incidence 25 of light source 26 and optical conductor 24 prism plate 81 being set, can make the leak light of rake 22 not produce, and can further improve the demonstration rank.

In addition, in the present embodiment, the drift angle with prism plate 81 is decided to be 100 °, yet might not be confined to this angle.In addition, use prism plate 81 as the light control device of restriction light source light scattering, yet also be not limited thereto, also can use, for example parallel light tube etc. so long as can obtain effect same.In addition, shown in Figure 30 (a), around light source 26, coat, by also obtaining same effect on the focus that light source 26 is arranged on this elliptical mirror 98 with elliptical mirror 98.In addition, P.375 narrate on (1995) as digest SID and use the light pipe 99 shown in Figure 30 (b), the also irradiation scattering of light of may command light source 26.

As mentioned above, the place ahead lighting device of the present invention and then between the light source and the plane of incidence, have the light control device of restriction light source light scattering.

Light source light is mainly reflected by the rake of the 2nd emitting surface, yet, because rake is not total reflection, for the composition that makes the optical conductor external leaks reduces, preferably make light source light have to a certain degree directionality, make on above-mentioned rake with composition and reduce less than the angle incident of critical angle.Therefore, said structure makes from the leak light of rake and reduces by having the photocontrol mechanism of light scattering of restriction light source, further improves the utilization factor of light, can prevent that illuminated thing image from producing fuzzy simultaneously.Its result can realize the place ahead lighting device as the area source that can obtain bright and distinct illuminated thing image.

In the said structure of the place ahead of the present invention lighting device, photocontrol mechanism be used to limit with greater than the incident angle of critical angle from the light source scattering of light of the plane of incidence to the direct incident of rake of the 2nd emitting surface.

Therefore, according to said structure, by the scattering of light of photocontrol mechanics limit light source, can make from the plane of incidence directly to the light of rake incident, do not exist with light less than the incident angle incident of critical angle.Therefore, make from the leak light of rake and reduce, further improve the utilization factor of light, can prevent that illuminated thing image from producing fuzzy simultaneously.Its result can realize the place ahead lighting device as the area source that can obtain bright and distinct illuminated thing image.

In addition, the place ahead lighting device of the present invention so that be provided with between the light source and the plane of incidence, exist hardly in the scope of the 1st emitting surface direct incident light of the plane of incidence on the 1st optical conductor, the photocontrol mechanism of restriction light source light scattering.

In said structure, by between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor, importing the filler that is present in the refringence on the optical interface for relaxing, with exist the occasion of air layer to compare between the 1st optical conductor and second optical conductor, from light source directly to the light of the 1st emitting surface incident, make by the 1st emitting surface to become many to the composition of the 2nd optical conductor incident.In this composition, with bigger incident angle to the 2nd optical conductor incident, also have a composition that is helpless to the illumination of illuminated thing.Therefore, said structure can make from the plane of incidence to exist hardly to the composition of the direct incident of the 1st emitting surface to the light of optical conductor incident by the scattering of light of light control device restriction light source.Therefore, can make from the 1st emitting surface with of the composition minimizing of bigger incident angle to the 2nd optical conductor incident.Its result, can further improve light utilization factor, can realize the place ahead lighting device of becoming clear.

Embodiment 8

Now for other embodiments of the invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And, put on identical symbol to having the structure identical, and omit its explanation with the function that in aforementioned each embodiment, had illustrated.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment is in the reflection type LCD that aforesaid each embodiment had illustrated, and filling prevents to cause because of refringence the adjustment filler (matching agent) of optical attenuation between front lit (or forward lighting systems) and liquid crystal pipe 10.

Be that example describes now to adopt the structure of above-mentioned filler in the reflection type LCD that in embodiment 1, illustrated.As in embodiment 1, illustrating, the optical conductor 24 of front lamp 20, form the granular liner that particle diameter is about 50 μ m at polarization plate 18 superimposed layers of liquid crystal pipe 10 with reference to Fig. 1.Therefore, between liquid crystal pipe 10 and optical conductor 24, the particle diameter of formation and above-mentioned liner is the uniform space 29 of thickness about equally.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment, shown in figure 32, filling filler 84 in above-mentioned space 29.In addition, can use for example ultraviolet ray (UV) hardening resin or methyl alcohol salicylic acid etc. as filler 84.Therefore, optical conductor 24 become be not with air but with have the filler 84 higher and contact than air refraction.Preferably make above-mentioned filler 84 have refractive index refractive index about equally with optical conductor 24.

Like this, the interface 28 that contacts optical conductor 24 among occasion and the embodiment as described above at the interface 28 of optical conductor 24 with filler 84 contacts occasion with air, the performance difference of 28 glazings at the interface.

Shown in Figure 31 (a), in the incident light of light source 26, approximate vertical is to the light of the plane of incidence 25 incidents, from the plane of incidence 25 after rake 22 direct incidents, reflection, by interface 28 and filler 84, to 10 incidents of liquid crystal pipe.At this moment the performance of the light on interface 28 is identical with the occasion (with reference to Fig. 3 (a)) that interface 28 contacts with air.

In addition, shown in Figure 31 (b), in the incident light of light source 26, from the plane of incidence 25 at first to the light of interface 23 incidents, 21 reflection backs, also useful par are to the such light of interface 28 incident light 85a.Because interface 28 contacts with the filler 84 that has with optical conductor 24 roughly the same refractive indexes, such light 85 or shown in Figure 31 (c), in the incident light of light source 26 at first from the light of the plane of incidence 25 to interface 28 incidents, from the interface 28 by and be not subjected to any effect.

These light become the liquid crystal layer 12 of relative liquid crystal pipe 10 with very large incident angle incident, yet owing to use baffle reflection, the interface 28 of relative optical conductor 24 is once more with above-mentioned big incident angle incident, and can not arrive the observer.

Yet,, preferably make from the light of light source 26 not exist to interface 28 direct incidents in order to improve the utilization factor of light source light.Therefore, shown in figure 32, the 28 one-tenth obtuse angles in this plane of incidence 25 and interface are tilted, can make from the light of the plane of incidence 25 not exist to interface 28 direct incidents by the plane of incidence 25 is formed.

In addition, as shown in figure 33, if the size of the plane of incidence 25 and the interface 28 angle γ that forms during the scattering angle β of consideration light source light after the plane of incidence 25 incidents, is preferably

γ≥90°+β。

In view of the above, become the light source light that makes the plane of incidence 25 incidents almost all to the direction incident at interface 23, can further improve the utilization factor of light source light.

As mentioned above, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is filled between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor to relaxing the filler of the refringence on the optical interface that exists between these optical conductors.Therefore, in said structure, and exist the occasion of air layer to compare, can be suppressed at the decay of the light that the reflection because of on the optical interface that exists between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor causes between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor.Its result can further improve the utilization factor of light source light, can realize as the place ahead lighting device of wet look light source more.In addition, as mentioned above, owing to, can make several minimizings of the optical interface between the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor, then better effects if if one of them refractive index of the 1st optical conductor and the 2nd optical conductor is equated with the refractive index of filler.

In addition, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is formed in the said structure, will forms the obtuse angle between the above-mentioned plane of incidence and the 1st emitting surface.Therefore, according to said structure, by forming the obtuse angle between the plane of incidence and the 1st emitting surface, the light to the direct incident of the 1st emitting surface be reduced.Therefore, can further improve the utilization factor of light source light, can realize brighter the place ahead lighting device.

Embodiment 9

Now to other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.Put on identical symbol to having the structure identical, and omit its explanation with the function that in aforementioned each embodiment, had illustrated.

But the characteristics of the reflection type LCD of present embodiment are the lid shapes that front lamp 20 is formed relative liquid crystal pipe 10 freely openables.

In aforesaid each embodiment, to being described as the front lamp of the place ahead lighting device or the various forms of forward lighting systems, yet, especially as in the structure described in the embodiment 4, the occasion of reflectance coating 47 is set on the rake 22 of optical conductor 24, and metallic reflective coating 47 hinders ambient light to optical conductor 24 incidents.Therefore, surrounding environment does not seem so dark when being necessary to use reflection type LCD with light illumination mode, however use with reflective-mode can not obtain again enough around light quantity situation, especially have an occasion that shows deepening with reflective-mode.

Therefore, as shown in figure 34, the reflection type LCD 91 of present embodiment, Yi Bian be with front lamp 20 by it for example being used hinge (not shown) etc. fixing, but be arranged to relative liquid crystal pipe 10 freely openables.Exactly front lamp 20 is formed the inner cap 92 that has for covering liquid crystal pipe 10 and front lamp 20, can independently opening and closing.

Therefore, can use reflection type LCD 91 occasions with light illumination mode, make front lamp 20 cover state on the surface of liquid crystal pipe 10, be exactly to use only will covering under 92 states of opening, using reflection type LCD 91 occasions with reflective-mode, can front lamp 20 open modes used at relative liquid crystal pipe 10.

Therefore, when using,, can realize often obtaining the bright reflection type LCD that shows because of the loss of light does not take place front lamp 20 with reflective-mode.

In addition, in above-mentioned, the structure that the relative LCD of at least a portion in the front lit 20 is fixing is described, yet, also front lit 20 can be formed the complete blocking structure that relative liquid crystal pipe 10 can freely load and unload.But, consider unload the keeping method of back to front lamp 20 from liquid crystal pipe 10 at this occasion, need.

In addition, the reflection type LCD that possesses preceding irradiation lamp 20 in the inner cap shape is described, yet, also can constitute the preceding irradiation system that will in aforementioned each embodiment, illustrate and be arranged in the inner cap shape.

As mentioned above, but reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention is to be arranged to relative reflective liquid crystal spare freely openable at the place ahead lighting device shown in aforementioned each embodiment.Therefore, according to said structure, the place ahead lighting device state of lighting a lamp is being used this reflection-type liquid-crystal display device occasion, the place ahead lighting device is covered state use on the liquid crystal pipe, lighting device becomes unnecessary occasion forwardly, can use under with the place ahead lighting device open mode at relative liquid crystal pipe.Therefore, lighting device becomes unnecessary occasion forwardly, can not hinder the incident of ambient light because of the place ahead lighting device, can provide often to obtain the bright reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that shows.

Embodiment 10

Now to other embodiment of the present invention, accompanying drawings is as follows.And, put on identical symbol to having the structure identical, and omit its explanation with the function that in aforementioned each embodiment, had illustrated.

In aforementioned each embodiment, to being described as the front lamp of the place ahead lighting device or forward lighting systems and as the reflection type LCD of the combined structure of reflective liquid crystal pipe of illuminated thing.But front lamp or the forward lighting systems as the place ahead lighting device of the present invention is not to be used in combination with the reflective liquid crystal pipe.For example, as shown in figure 35, the lighting device 95 of present embodiment forms the front lamp among aforementioned each embodiment or forward lighting systems as unit independently, can be to various objects illuminations.

For example, above-mentioned lighting device 95, as shown in figure 35, configurable use on books 96.Therefore, as shown in figure 36 since lighting device 95 can be only to the area illumination under roughly, during reading, have the effect that can not bother people on every side in for example waiting in the bedroom.

In addition, the present invention can not be subjected to the qualification of the various embodiments described above, in aim scope of the present invention many variations can be arranged.For example, as the material of optical conductor, specifically be example with PMMA, yet as long as can be even, undamped ground photoconduction, have suitable refractive index materials and all can use, for example glass, polycarbonate, Polyvinylchloride or polyester etc.In addition, size of the rake of above-mentioned optical conductor and par etc. also just illustrates, can freely design in the scope that can obtain equal effect.

In addition, as the liquid crystal pipe, can use various LCD such as one pole matrix (matix) LCD, activity matrix type (active matrix) type LCD.In addition, in above-mentioned, used the liquid crystal pipe of the ecb mode (single polarization plate mode) that adopts a polarization plate that has both polarized light device and inspection polarized light device, yet, other liquid crystal pipes of the PDLCs that do not adopt polarization plate or PC-GHs etc. also can be used.

As mentioned above, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is not limited to as mentioned above shown in each embodiment generally also can be used for the illumination by exterior light, the display media that identification shows as the illuminated reflection type liquid crystal display element that also is not limited to.Therefore, for example, can in the occasion of not using liquid crystal indicator, suitably the place ahead lighting device be unloaded the display media that is used for other from the loading and unloading of reflection-type liquid-crystal display device by making above-mentioned the place ahead lighting device.

Embodiment 11

Now to other embodiments of the invention, accompanying drawings is as follows, puts on identical symbol to have the structure identical with the function that had illustrated in aforementioned each embodiment, and omits its explanation.

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment, as shown in figure 37, the configuration aspects that has front lamp 20a in the front of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a is identical with previous embodiment 1, yet has promptly disposed wide (pitch) different aspect as the antireflection film 13 of the 2nd optical conductor (optical devices), the par 21 that forms and rake 22 in the following areas between reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a and front lit 20a, and form aspect the reflecting electrode (reflecting plate) different with previous embodiment 1 in the inside of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a on optical conductor 24.

At first, 20a is specifically described to front lamp, and front lamp 20a and previous embodiment 1 are same, mainly is made up of light source 26 and optical conductor 24, the light source 26 that the catoptron 27 of using the plane of incidence 25 with optical conductor 24 to join covers as line source.

The interface (the 1st emitting surface) 28 of liquid crystal pipe 10a one side of optical conductor 24 is formed tabular surfaces, form in the face of the interface (the 2nd emitting surface) 23 at this interface is alternately conjointly disposed to the equidirectional rake that tilts at a certain angle 22 mutually by the pars 21 of or almost parallel parallel with interface 28 and relative these pars.

Like this, same with previous embodiment 1, as shown in figure 37, optical conductor 24 is formed on the section of the length direction of light source 26 as normal, stepped along with what subside away from light source 26.

Now to the shape of optical conductor 24, with reference to Figure 38 (a)-(c) elaborate.Figure 38 (a) is a vertical view of seeing optical conductor from the normal direction top of par, and Figure 38 (b) is a side view of seeing optical conductor from the normal direction of the plane of incidence, and Figure 38 (c) is with the cut-open view that dissects optical conductor simultaneously perpendicular to the face at the plane of incidence and interface.

As the material of optical conductor 24, use the acrylate plate in the present embodiment, be shaped and can be processed into optical conductor 24 stepped with metal pattern.In the present embodiment, the thickness h of the width W=75mm of optical conductor 24, length L=170mm, the plane of incidence 25 parts ₁The width W of=2.0mm, par 21 ₁=0.2mm.In addition, by making the ladder difference h of rake 22 ₂Inclined angle alpha=45 of=10 μ m, relatively flat portion 21 ° make the width W of rake ₂About 10 μ m.

In addition, in the present embodiment, with optical conductor 24 constitute along leave the plane of incidence 25, promptly leave light source 26 direction, make the width W of par 21 ₁Width W with rake 22 ₂Sum W ₃The structure that=0.21mm diminishes gradually.About the structure of this par 21 and rake 22, be further described in detail with reference to Figure 38 (a)-(c) and Figure 39.In addition, in optical conductor 24, below the length direction of the light source 26 that leaves light source 26 sides as the direction of normal as the 1st direction, represent with arrow A in the drawings.

As shown in figure 39, be combined as one group by every par 21 and every rake 22, will from light source 26 nearsides by 100

pars

21 and 22 groups of pieces of forming of rake as the 1st B ₁And with the 1st B ₁In along the direction of the 1st direction W at interval ₄Be 21mm.

Make next the 2nd B by 100 groups of pieces of forming ₂Above-mentioned interval W ₄Be 20mm.And then, make again next the 3rd B ₃Interval W ₄Be 19mm, the 4th B ₄Interval W ₄Be 18mm, the 5th B ₅Interval W ₄Be 17mm.

Therefore, in the optical conductor 24 of present embodiment, become for from the light source side end face, along the 1st direction to per 1 that does not dispose till light source 26 1 side end faces, make the interval W4 of each piece respectively reduce 1mm successively.Become along with leaving light source 26 each 100 group of forming by par 21 and rake 22, the pitch sum (width W of par 21 of the pitch of its par 21 and rake 22 exactly ₁Width W with rake 22 ₂Sum W ₃) respectively reduce by 10 μ m (0.01mm) in addition so always, for the convenience that illustrates,, illustrated for the minimizing of the pitch of par 21 and rake 22 at Figure 38 (a)-(c).

In above-mentioned optical conductor 24, above-mentioned rake 22 mainly has as with the effect to the small light source portion of the face of interface 28 reflections of the light of light source 26.In addition, par 21 mainly has as when the illumination light of front lamp 20 is returned as the reflected light of liquid crystal pipe 10a, allows this reflected light to the dioramic effect of observer's one side.The effect of these parts, the same with previous embodiment 1.

In addition, optical conductor 24 among the above-mentioned front lamp 20a, remove its formation is stepped, also possess, make 1 group pitch for example reduce by 10 μ m respectively for each 100 group of forming by par 21 and rake 22 respectively, the pitch that makes ladder exactly is along with reducing away from light source 26.Therefore, shown in Figure 40 (a), the number of rake 22 that makes per unit area is along with increasing away from light source 26.

Light source 26 enters the light of the plane of incidence 25 incidents, because of have rake 22 as small light source portion effect reflect owing to whenever in the quantity of the rake 22 of area along with increasing away from light source 26, therefore as the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a with the illuminated illuminated thing of front lamp 20a, its brightness strengthens along with leaving light source 26.Usually, owing to exist brightness along with leaving the tendency that light source reduces, if use the structure of the optical conductor 24 of present embodiment, on interface 28 (the 1st emitting surface), brightness is reduced along with leaving light source be cancelled, the light that can make light source is with high angle, all shine illuminated thing expeditiously.Its result can make in the illuminance distribution as interface 28 1 sides at the interface (the 1st emitting surface) of illuminated thing one side.

To this, in traditional front lit 120, become light source 26 and reflect with interface 123 to the incident illumination former state of the plane of incidence 125 incidents shown in Figure 40 (b), with optical conductor 124 formation plate wedge shapes.Therefore, the brightness on the 1st emitting surface (front lit is to be interface 128 on the lamp 120) reduces along with leaving light source 26.

In addition, Luminance Distribution state on the 1st emitting surface as shown in figure 41, compare with the curve map F of the Luminance Distribution of representing traditional front lamp 120, even the Luminance Distribution of the front lamp 20a of expression present embodiment is that curve E is also roughly constant away from light source 26 places.This shows that the front lamp 20a of present embodiment has the advantage that can make the illuminance distribution on the 1st emitting surface (interface 28).

In addition, in the optical conductor 24 of said structure,, become different with the pitch of the groove of the pitch of the black matrix (matrix) that forms around the image of the corresponding reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a of optical conductor 24 and above-mentioned rake 22 because the pitch of ladder is 0.21mm.Its result owing to can suppress to cause because of the interference of black matrix and rake 22 generation of More (moire) line, can make the display level of reflection type LCD you can well imagine high.This aftermentioned of naming a person for a particular job.

The result of the radiation angular characteristics of relevant above-mentioned optical conductor 24 as shown in figure 42, for as the curve map G of reflection type LCD one side (interface 28 1 sides) of shone thing during acceptance angle is for-10 ° to-5 °, brightness rises to the 2000cd/m as peak value ₂To this, for the curve H of observer's one side (interface 23 1 sides), acceptance angle during for-60 ° brightness become the highest 5000cd/m ₂Degree, the angle of observing reflection type LCD be 0 ° near brightness become 100cd/m ₂Below.

Like this, the light of the light source 26 from the end face that is configured in optical conductor 24 can be from the interface 28 radiates illuminated thing (reflection type LCD) with the angle of approximate vertical.Simultaneously, in the leakage that does not almost have light as observer's one side of interface 23 sides, can expeditiously light source light be guided into illuminated thing with high angle.

In addition, in the present embodiment, use fluorescent tube as light source, yet, can be not limited thereto as light source, for example, can use LED (light emitting diode), EL element or tungsten lamp.

Below, 10a describes to the liquid crystal pipe, and this liquid crystal pipe 10a is shown in Fig. 37, and its basic structure is mutually same with the liquid crystal pipe 10 of previous embodiment 1, and difference is to form reflecting plate in liquid crystal pipe 10a.

This liquid crystal pipe 10a also as shown in figure 43, with liquid crystal layer 12 clampings, has polarizer 49 and polarization plate 18 with pair of electrodes substrate 11a11c on the side as the electrode base board 11a of display surface side.Polarizer 49 (not shown among Figure 37) has only a slice in Figure 43, yet, also can be 2, can not yet.

Above-mentioned electrode base board 11a is provided with colour filter member 38 having on the glass substrate 14a of light transmission, and transparency electrode 15a (sweep trace) is set thereon, forms the liquid crystal orientating membrane 16a that covers this transparency electrode 15a.In addition, also can form dielectric film etc. for electrode base board as required.Also have, colour filter member 38 is not shown on Figure 37.

In addition, electrode base board 11c forms dielectric film 19 on glass substrate 14b, form reflecting electrode (repeller) 17a more thereon, and forms the liquid crystal orientating membrane 16b that covers this reflecting electrode 17a.On the surface of above-mentioned dielectric film 19, form a plurality of jogs, on the surface of the reflecting electrode 17a that covers this dielectric film 19, also form a plurality of jogs.

Above-mentioned reflecting electrode 17a double as is for driving the LC driving electrode and the reflecting plate of liquid crystal strange 12.Can adopt aluminium (Al) reflecting electrode of good reflection characteristic as this reflecting electrode 17a.And the organic resist of above-mentioned dielectric film 19 usefulness forms.Contact hole or jog on this dielectric film 19 form with photoetching process described later.Above-mentioned glass substrate 14a14b, transparency electrode 15a15b, the material that reaches liquid crystal orientating membrane 16a16b and formation method etc. are the same with previous embodiment 1.

Now to the formation method of above-mentioned electrode base board 11c, according to Figure 44 (a)-(e) elaborate.

At first, shown in Figure 44 (a), the organic resist of coated all sidedly on glass substrate 14 forms dielectric film 19 by curing.After this, shown in Figure 44 (b), to dielectric film 19 irradiation ultraviolet radiation 30a, then, shown in Figure 44 (c), remove the irradiation portion of ultraviolet 30a, on illuminated of ultraviolet 30a, form the figure of regulation by mask (mask) 30 that be clipped in the middle.

Then, shown in Figure 44 (d),, burn till by the heat treated of carrying out 180 ° for the dielectric film 19 that forms compulsory figure.Make on organic resist to produce the heat angle of collapsing, become jog 19a by this heat dihedral that collapses.

At last, shown in Figure 44 (e), carry out aluminium vacuum evaporation, this jog 19a is covered.In view of the above, has the reflecting electrode 17a of jog along jog 19a, formation in its surface.

With the electrode base board 11c that obtains like this and above-mentioned electrode base board 11a be configured to make liquid

crystal orientating membrane

16a, 16b mutually face-to-face, make the direction of friction treatment become antiparallel mutually and fit with bonding agent.In addition, between electrode base board 11a11c, in order to make the gapping interval that is formed by this electrode base board 11a11c even, and the spreading particle diameter is the hollow glass grain liner (not shown) of 4.5 μ m in advance.And, in this space, import liquid crystal and form liquid crystal layer 12 with the vacuum suction method.In addition, also identical with previous embodiment 1 of the material of liquid crystal layer 12.

By the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a that makes present embodiment as mentioned above, unaccounted manufacturing process and creating conditions etc. still, identical with the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10 of previous embodiment 1, the Therefore, omited.

The figure of the jog that on the reflecting electrode 17a of above-mentioned electrode base board 11c, forms (that is the figure of the jog 19a of dielectric film 19) by irregular formation, be will be to the incident light of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a incident to specific direction scattered reflection.

Jog on the above-mentioned dielectric film 19, the difference that preferably makes the bottom surface of protuberance summit and recess are 0.1 μ m-2 μ m.If the difference of the summit of the protuberance on the jog and the bottom surface of recess in this this scope, can not be subjected to liquid crystal molecule orientation and liquid crystal pipe tube thickness influence make the incident light scattering.

The occasion of roughly comparing for the reflection characteristic of the above-mentioned reflecting electrode 17a that makes such formation and expression, now describe according to Figure 45 with the reflection characteristic of the standard white plate (MGO) of the same scattered reflection characteristic of paper.Above-mentioned MGO (with paper etc.) show and shown in dashed lines curve M in the drawings, represent direction-free reflection characteristic.Relative therewith, above-mentioned reflecting electrode 17a (MRS) shown in block curve N among the figure, have at ± 30 ° angular range and press the directional scattering reflection characteristic.

For reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a, even, also can observe image from both forward and reverse directions light incident in addition with such reflecting electrode 17a.In addition, the reflection characteristic of above-mentioned reflecting electrode 17a is not limited to characteristic shown in Figure 45, can make corresponding with the characteristic of the reflection type LCD that uses according to all kinds of machines by the suitably design of change reflecting electrode 17a.

In addition, since with above-mentioned reflecting electrode 17a be formed on reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a in liquid crystal layer 12 adjacent, compare with the occasion of the back side one side that reflecting plate is formed on reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a (facing face) with optical conductor 24 contact sides, can eliminate the parallax that is produced because of glass substrate 14b.Therefore, in the reflection type LCD that obtains, can suppress visual replay.And the textural element of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a is simplified.

In addition, the reflecting electrode 17a of present embodiment such as Figure 37 and display mode shown in Figure 43, reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a also can be the polarisation patterns with polarization plate 18.In addition, as shown in figure 46, also can be the reflective liquid crystal pipe of Gus spy (guest-host) pattern (no polarization plate).In addition, the basic structure of this reflective liquid crystal pipe and reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a are roughly the same, and the Therefore, omited describes in detail.

Below, the pixel structure that is configured on the above-mentioned liquid crystal pipe 10a is described, as shown in figure 47, above-mentioned reflection-type element 10a forms multi-strip scanning line 54 along the length direction of 10a on this reflective liquid crystal pipe ..., the edge is perpendicular to forming this sweep trace 54 ... direction on form many signal line 55 ...And, and by this sweep trace 54 ... with signal wire 55 ... the cancellate figure that forms is corresponding, forms a plurality of pixels 56 ...

1 pixel 56 is made of the corresponding pixel capacitors 56a of 3 colour filter members with red (R) green (G) blue (B).With these pixel capacitors 56a along forming sweep trace 54 ... the direction arranged in order of pressing RGB.

As the shape of above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a, in the present embodiment, become diagonal angle 6.5 molded dimensions (vertical W _L=58mm, horizontal L _L=154.5mm), the number Xm=240 bar of sweep trace 54, the number Yn=640 bar of signal wire 55.In addition, be configured in the pitch P of the pixel 56 on the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a _L=0.24mm (RGB).At above-mentioned pixel 56 ... the periphery form the not shown black matrix that width is 8 μ m (below, abbreviate BM as).

In the reflection type LCD of present embodiment, become above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a and front lit 20a combination.Here, in front lamp 20a, the par 21 of optical conductor 24 and the pitch of rake 22 are 0.21mm as mentioned above, than sweep trace 54 ..., promptly the pitch of BM is also little.Therefore, can make the pitch of BM of above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a different with the pitch of the groove of above-mentioned rake 22.As with its each pitch mistake, can suppress the generation of the Moire fringe that the interference because of BM and rake 22 causes.Therefore, can improve the demonstration rank of the reflection type LCD that is obtained.

In the structure of above-mentioned optical conductor 24, the pitch of par 21 and rake 22 is than sweep trace 54 ... pitch also little, yet, also can make the note pitch than sweep trace 54 ... pitch also big.That is to say, in order to suppress to send out the generation of Moire fringe, as long as make the pitch of groove of rake 22 different just passable with the pitch of BM.

At this, the width W of par 21 ₁Width W with rake 22 ₂Sum W ₃Pitch for the groove of rake 22.And above-mentioned BM is with sweep trace 54 ... with signal wire 55 ... cover, yet owing to the groove that is parallel to rake 22 is sweep trace 54 ... so, the pitch P of sweep trace 54 ₁Pitch for BM.

For the pitch that makes above-mentioned rake 22 grooves is different with the pitch of BM, as long as above-mentioned W ₃With P ₁Be inconsistent (W ₃≠ P ₁) just can, to W ₃With P ₁Relation especially wish W ₃Width greater than P ₁2 times of (W ₃＞2P ₁) or W ₃Width less than P ₁Half (W ₃＜1/2P ₁)

As above-mentioned W ₃With P ₁Relation not when above-mentioned scope, even the pitch of rake 22 grooves is different with the pitch of BM,, can think general unanimity from optic judgement.Therefore, owing to can not suppress the generation of Moire fringe effectively, so inadvisable.

In addition, the width W of the par in the present embodiment 21 ₁The width W of rake 22 ₂And W ₁With W ₂And W ₃, the portion 22 that inclines angle etc. be not subjected to above-mentioned numerical limits, as long as form make consistent just passable with the pixel of the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a that uses.

And, in this enforcement, corresponding in order to make illuminance distributionization, along the pitch of par 21 being reduced along with leaving light source 26 directions (the 1st direction), yet, also can change the pitch sum that makes par 21 and rake 22 by the angle that replaces rake 22 and reduce.For example, when par 21 is reduced, make angle [alpha] that par 21 and rake 22 constitute, the par 21 and the pitch sum of rake 22 are reduced along along with the direction (the 1st direction) away from light source 26 reduces.Even under this occasion, because can be with the incident light of incident rake along with radiation effectively on away from the direction (the 1st direction) of light source 26, so can make the Luminance Distribution equalization.

In addition, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment is in the reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a of the front lamp 20a of said structure and said structure, disposes the reflectance coating that prevents as the 2nd optical conductor again between this front lamp 20a and reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a.

Now this is prevented that reflectance coating from describing, in above-mentioned reflection type LCD, the configuration polarization plate 18 on reflective liquid crystal pipe 10 and go up at the interface of optical conductor 24 (the 1st emitting surface) bonding as above-mentioned prevent reflectance coating prevent reflector plate 13.

This prevents reflector plate 13, and that uses in the present embodiment that Nitto Denko Corp makes prevents reflector plate (TAC-HC/AR).This prevents that reflector plate 13 from becoming the multilayer film with 4 layers of structure.Specifically, become use as the Triafol T (TAC) of base material and form respectively as ground floor MgF thereon ₂, the 2nd layer of CeF ₃, the 3rd layer of TiO ₂, the 4th layer of MgF ₂ Prevent reflectance coating 13.

The refractive index n of above-mentioned TAC sheet ₁=1.51, thickness is 100 μ m.The 1st layer of MgF ₂Refractive index n _m=1.33, the about 100nm of thickness, the 2nd layer of CeF ₃Refractive index n _c=1.63, the about 120nm of thickness, the 3rd layer of TiO ₂Refractive index n _Ti=2.30, the about 120nm of thickness, the 4th layer of MgF ₂Refractive index n=1.38, thickness be about 100nm.On the TAC of base material sheet, form this 1st layer to the 4th layer with vacuum vapour deposition successively.

In addition, with front lamp 20a when bonding, form and have and the refractive index n that is used for the acrylate material of optical conductor 24 ₂Roughly the same refractive index n ₁The bond layer of acrylic ester.Therefore, the input/output condition, the raising that can not change light in the optical conductor 24 substantially prevent reflecting effect, can prevent also that simultaneously Luminance Distribution is uneven and the rainbow beam split takes place.

In addition, above-mentioned the 1st layer TAC sheet is not as preventing necessary member in reflector plate 13 structures, for example, can remove the 1st layer and the 2nd layer to the 4th layer directly is stacked on the optical conductor 24 yet.But, under this occasion, manufacturing cost is slightly risen.

Above-mentioned multilayer film prevent reflector plate 13 for the incident light of wavelength X=550nm, become the structure of λ/4-λ/2-λ/4-λ/4 wavelength plates.Therefore, this prevents that reflector plate 13 can be used as and prevent reflector plate 13 in wide wavelength band.

In above-mentioned optical conductor 24, the last rake 22 that forms in surface (interface 23) that becomes at this optical conductor 24 has the function of conduct to the small light source portion of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a.Therefore, reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a is shone from the light of rake 22, and at optical conductor 24 with the interface of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a, promptly as facing on the face interface 28 at interface 23, be reflected into from about 4% in the light of rake 22 and be reflected light.

Because this catoptrical generation just forms from the interface 28 reflection images to interface 23 1 sides.Therefore, this reflection image and visual mutual interference mutually or diffraction on above-mentioned rake 22 be it seems from the observer, just produce the irregular and rainbow beam split of Luminance Distribution on the surface of reflection type LCD.

Yet, the reflection type LCD of present embodiment, because between reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a and front lamp 20a, promptly in the interface of optical conductor 24 28 1 sides, dispose and prevent reflectance coating (preventing reflector plate 13), can suppress that incident light from rake 22 reflects and the reflected light that produces on interface 28.

Therefore, can prevent as image on the rake 22 of small light source portion and the interference or the diffraction of the reflection image of 28 1 lateral reflections at the interface.Therefore, can prevent observer's unilateral observation to display direction on the irregular and rainbow beam split of Luminance Distribution.

About comparing if the display brightness of this occasion that prevents reflector plate 13 of configuration in the reflection type LCD of present embodiment and the occasion that does not dispose distributed, by as can be known shown in Figure 48, the Luminance Distribution that has disposed the curve map C of reflection when preventing reflector plate 13 necessarily, irregular phenomenon invariably, and its height of brightness ratio has promptly improved brightness.

And, said structure prevent reflector plate 13 owing to can directly adopt commercially available material, can suppress the manufacturing cost rising of front lamp 20a.Therefore, can obtain cheap front lamp 20a and reflection type LCD with this front lit.

In addition, owing to availablely have and refractive index n as the optical conductor 24 of the 1st optical conductor ₂Refractive index n about equally ₁The bonding above-mentioned reflector plate 13 that prevents of bonding agent, improve so can roughly not change the input/output condition of the light in the optical conductor and to prevent reflecting effect.

In addition, about the above-mentioned structure and material that prevents reflector plate 13, be not limited to above-mentioned structure and material.For example, as the structure of wavelength plate, also can adopt λ/4-λ/2-λ/2-λ/2-λ/4-to constitute.By constituting, can further obtain the reflecting effect that prevents at wide wavelength band with such wavelength plate.And, the single layer structure of also available λ/4 wavelength plates prevent reflector plate.But, under this occasion, that the wavelength band that obtains reflection preventing effect is narrow.

Like this, form along along with the direction (the 1st direction) away from light source 26 diminishes by the pitch that will go up the par 21 that forms and rake 22 on the surface (interface 23) of optical conductor 24, make from above-mentioned rake 22 reflection light quantity compare along with increasing with traditional structure away from light source.Therefore, can make Luminance Distribution equalization on the interface 23 (the 1st emitting surface) at optical conductor 24.

And, form forr a short time by pitch, can suppress because at pixel 56 than the pitch of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a with par 21 on the interface 23 of the optical conductor on the front lamp 20a 24 and rake 22 ... around the Moire fringe that interference of light produced that causes of the groove of the BM that forms and above-mentioned rake 22.Therefore, can prevent other decline of display level of reflection type LCD.

In addition, prevent reflectance coating (preventing reflector plate 13), can prevent from the interface 23 of optical conductor 24, to produce the not even rainbow beam split of Luminance Distribution by between reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a and front lit 20a, being provided with.Therefore, can obtain brighter and the higher reflective liquid crystal LCD of demonstration rank.

In addition, by on the reflecting electrode 17a of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a, forming jog, can not be subjected to the orientation of liquid crystal molecule and liquid crystal tube thickness influence make the incident light scattering.Therefore, even also can view image with external light to reflective liquid crystal pipe 10a incident from the normal reflection direction.

As mentioned above, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is that the 2nd optical conductor is constituted the optical texture that suppresses as to the reflection of light on the 1st emitting surface of the 1st optical conductor from the 2nd emitting surface of the 1st optical conductor.

Usually, the 1st emitting surface of the 1st optical conductor is reflected into light from the rake that forms on the 2nd emitting surface to be reflected light.With this catoptrical generation, form from the 1st emitting surface on the 1st optical conductor to the reflection image of the 2nd emitting surface.Irregular and the color rainbow beam split of Luminance Distribution because of the image on this reflection image and the above-mentioned rake interferes with each other or diffraction, from the observer, takes place to produce on the surface of illuminated thing in its result.

Yet, adopt above-mentioned structure, because the place ahead lighting device has above-mentioned optical devices as the 2nd optical conductor, the reflected light that produces so can suppress incident light from rake on the 1st emitting surface, to be reflected.Therefore, can prevent as the image of the rake of small light source portion and the mutual interference or the diffraction of the reflection image that causes by reflected light.Therefore, can prevent to be created in the uneven luminance and the rainbow beam split of the observed demonstration of observer's one side (the 2nd emitting surface) aspect.

In the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, above-mentioned optical devices are to prevent reflectance coating.Owing to can directly use commercially available to prevent reflectance coating, so can suppress the manufacturing cost rising of the place ahead lighting device as above-mentioned optical devices.Its result can provide cheap the place ahead lighting device.

In the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, make above-mentioned optical devices and the 1st optical conductor bonding by the bonding agent of using the refractive index refractive index about equally that has with the 1st optical conductor.Therefore, obtain input/output condition, the raising reflection preventing effect that can not change light in the 1st optical conductor.

In the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, the pitch sum that makes the pitch of the par that forms and rake on above-mentioned optical conductor is along with diminishing away from the above-mentioned plane of incidence.Therefore, become the quantity of above-mentioned rake on the per unit area along with increasing away from light source.Along with the increase of this rake, make the lip-deep brightness of illuminated thing with improving away from light source.Usually, owing to there is the tendency that reduces with away from light-source brightness, in the said structure, offset because the reduction of the illuminated thing brightness that causes away from light source can high angle be guided the light of light source into whole illuminated thing expeditiously by the increase of this rake.Its result can make the lip-deep Luminance Distribution equalization at illuminated thing.

Reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention has the place ahead lighting device of said structure, and then the reflective liquid crystal pipe has sweep trace, makes the pitch sum of the pitch of the par on the 2nd emitting surface of the place ahead lighting device and rake littler than the pitch of above-mentioned sweep trace.

Therefore, according to above-mentioned structure, because above-mentioned par is littler than the pitch sum of sweep trace with the pitch sum of rake, the pitch of rake that therefore becomes the place ahead lighting device is just different with the pitch of the black matrix of formation around the pixel of reflective liquid crystal pipe.Its result is owing to can suppress the generation of the Moire fringe that the interference because of black matrix and rake causes.The demonstration rank of the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that is obtained can be provided.

Reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention in said structure, makes the pitch of the par on the 2nd emitting surface of lighting device forwardly bigger than the pitch of above-mentioned sweep trace with the pitch sum of rake.Even this structure, the pitch that becomes the rake that can make the place ahead lighting device is different with the pitch of the black matrix that forms around the pixel of reflective liquid crystal pipe.Its result, owing to can suppress to produce Moire fringe because of the interference of black matrix and rake, so can improve the demonstration rank of the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that is obtained.

Reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention, in said structure, above-mentioned reflective liquid crystal pipe has the reflecting plate that forms the jog that does not influence component thickness on its surface.Therefore, reflecting plate can be not give the thickness of the orientation of liquid crystal molecule and liquid crystal pipe with influence ground scatter incident light.Therefore, even also can view image from the light incident beyond the normal reflection direction.

Reflection-type liquid-crystal display device of the present invention, in said structure, said reflection plate is the reflecting electrode of the LC driving electrode of the double as liquid crystal layer that drives the reflective liquid crystal pipe, and is configured to and this liquid crystal layer adjacency.Therefore, do not compare in abutting connection with the occasion that is provided with, can eliminate the generation of the parallax that causes because of the electrode base board that constitutes the reflective liquid crystal pipe with liquid crystal layer with reflecting plate.Its result in the reflection-type liquid-crystal display device that is obtained, can suppress visual replay.And then, because repeller double as LC driving electrode, so also can make simplifying the structure of reflection-type liquid-crystal display device.

Embodiment 12

The reflection type LCD of present embodiment, as shown in figure 49, its basic structure is identical with previous embodiment 2, and difference is that between reflective liquid crystal pipe 10 and forward lighting systems 51 configuration prevents reflector plate (preventing reflectance coating) 13 as the 3rd optical conductor (optical devices).

The above-mentioned reflector plate 13 that prevents is identical with the member of use in the previous embodiment 11.And,, in previous embodiment 2 and embodiment 11, carry out the Therefore, omited owing to the explanation that reflection is prevented sheet 13, reflective liquid crystal pipe 10 and forward lighting systems 51.

It is in the present embodiment, above-mentioned that to prevent to reflect mould 13 be in the function that increases as the optical conductor 24 of the 1st optical conductor with on as the optical conductor 40 of the 2nd optical conductor as the 3rd optical conductor.

Do not forming the occasion that this reflection prevents sheet 13, make light that the interface 23 (the 2nd emitting surface) of coming comfortable the 1st photoconduction complete 24 goes up the rake that forms on the bottom surface (the 2nd surface) 42 of the 2nd optical conductor 40, about about 4% be reflected and become reflected light.The image and the rake 22 on the above-mentioned optical conductor 24 that become the rake 22 that is formed by this reflected light are interfered mutually, its result, and go up the generation Luminance Distribution at the interface 28 of optical conductor 24 (the 1st emitting surface) irregular.

Therefore, in the reflection type LCD of present embodiment, between the face of the bottom surface 42 of the 2nd optical conductor 40 and display surface one side of reflective liquid crystal pipe 10, disposed with previous embodiment 11 in the identical reflection of structure prevent sheet 13.Prevent 13, can suppress above-mentioned catoptrical generation effectively by disposing this reflection.Therefore, the Luminance Distribution that can be suppressed on the interface 28 is irregular, can realize the reflection type LCD of high-level demonstration.

Compare with the occasion that does not dispose as will in reflection type LCD, having disposed the above-mentioned occasion of reflector plate 13 that prevents, as Figure 50 (a) (b) shown in, do not dispose with expression that Luminance Distribution Figure 50 (b) compares under the occasion, the pitch P that the above-mentioned brightness peak that prevents the Luminance Distribution Figure 50 (a) under reflector plate 13 occasions has been disposed in expression along the bottom surface 42 of whole the 2nd optical conductor 40 about equally, and brightness peak is mild, the irregular minimizing of Luminance Distribution.Therefore, luminance state is improved.

And, use the refractive index n that has with the 2nd optical conductor 40 ₂Refractive index n about equally ₁Bonding agent carry out above-mentioned reflection and prevent the bonding of sheet 13.Therefore, can roughly not change the light in the 2nd optical conductor 40 input/output condition, provide and prevent reflecting effect.

In addition, because the reflection of said structure prevents sheet 13, can directly adopt commercially available article, so can suppress the rising of the manufacturing cost of forward lighting systems 51.Therefore, can obtain cheap forward lighting systems 51 and reflection type LCD with this forward lighting systems.

As mentioned above, the place ahead of the present invention lighting device is in the structure that has the optical devices that suppress with the 2nd surface reflection as the 3rd optical conductor, to the light of the 2nd emitting surface on from the 1st optical conductor on the 2nd surface of above-mentioned the 2nd optical conductor.

Usually, on the 2nd surface of the 2nd optical conductor, make the part reflection of the light of the rake that forms on the 2nd emitting surface of comfortable the 1st optical conductor to become reflected light.Because this catoptrical generation, formed the 1st emitting surface from the 1st optical conductor to the reflection image of the 2nd emitting surface.Its result, the image on this reflection image and the above-mentioned rake is interfered or diffraction mutually, produces the irregular and rainbow beam split of Luminance Distribution from the observer, on the surface of illuminated thing.

Yet according to said structure, because the place ahead lighting device has above-mentioned optical devices as the 3rd optical conductor, the incident light that can suppress rake reflects on the 2nd surface and the reflected light that produces.Therefore, can prevent the interference or the diffraction of image and the reflection image that causes by reflected light on the rake that works as small light source portion.Therefore, can prevent to be created in the irregular and rainbow beam split of the Luminance Distribution in the observed demonstration of observer's one side (the 2nd emitting surface).

Above-mentioned optical devices in the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention are to prevent reflectance coating.Therefore, as optical devices,, can suppress the manufacturing cost rising of the place ahead lighting device owing to can directly adopt the commercially available reflectance coating (preventing reflector plate) that prevents.Therefore, can provide cheap the place ahead lighting device.

In the lighting device of the place ahead of the present invention, because above-mentioned optical devices are to carry out bonding with the bonding agent and the 2nd optical conductor that have with the refractive index refractive index about equally of above-mentioned the 2nd optical conductor.Therefore, can roughly not change input/output condition, the raising reflection preventing effect of the light in the optical conductor.

More than concrete example or the embodiment by describing in detail to be to introduce the technology of the present invention content in order understanding, but should not to be interpreted as narrow sense that the present invention only is defined in these embodiment, can have various enforcements to change under aim of the present invention.

Claims

1. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

It is characterized in that above-mentioned light source is configured in the side of above-mentioned optical conductor,

Above-mentioned optical conductor is the planar optical conductor that covers whole illuminated thing, have the plane of incidence that makes from the side of the light incident of light source, to the 1st emitting surface of illuminated thing radiating light, with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface face-to-face, will be from the 2nd emitting surface of the reflected light radiation of illuminated thing

Above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface has mainly will be from the light of light source the 1st position and the shape that mainly allows from light transmissive the 2nd position alternate configurations of the reflection of illuminated thing to the reflection of the 1st emitting surface, above-mentioned the 1st position tilts to same direction with respect to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface

Distance between each the 1st position of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface and above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface is roughly even.

2. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

Above-mentioned optical conductor is the planar optical conductor that covers whole illuminated thing, above-mentioned optical conductor have the plane of incidence that makes from the light incident of light source, to the 1st emitting surface of illuminated thing radiating light, with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface face-to-face, will be from the 2nd emitting surface of the reflected light radiation of illuminated thing

Distance between each the 1st position of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface and above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface is roughly even,

On above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, be provided with the optical devices that inhibition is reflected on the 1st emitting surface from the light of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

3. the place ahead according to claim 2 lighting device is characterized in that above-mentioned optical devices are to prevent reflectance coating.

4. the place ahead according to claim 3 lighting device is characterized in that, the above-mentioned reflectance coating that prevents is mutually bonding with bonding agent and above-mentioned optical conductor with the refractive index that equates substantially with the refractive index of above-mentioned optical conductor.

5. a display media is characterized in that, discerns displaying contents by the illumination of exterior light, and disposes the described the place ahead of claim 1 lighting device forwardly.

6. display media according to claim 5 is characterized in that described display media is a reflection type liquid crystal display element.

7 display medias according to claim 5 is characterized in that, above-mentioned the place ahead lighting device is dismountable.

8. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

Above-mentioned optical conductor is the planar optical conductor that covers whole illuminated thing, above-mentioned optical conductor have the plane of incidence that makes light source light incident, to the 1st emitting surface of illuminated thing radiating light, with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface face-to-face, will be from the 2nd emitting surface of the reflected light radiation of illuminated thing

Above-mentioned the 1st position is for the projection summation of the above-mentioned plane of incidence projection summation greater than above-mentioned the 2nd position.

9. the place ahead according to claim 8 lighting device is characterized in that, above-mentioned the 1st position equates with the above-mentioned plane of incidence for the projection summation of the above-mentioned plane of incidence.

10. the place ahead according to claim 8 lighting device is characterized in that, is provided with the optical devices that inhibition is reflected on the 1st emitting surface from the light of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface on above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface.

11. the place ahead according to claim 10 lighting device is characterized in that above-mentioned optical devices are to prevent reflectance coating.

12. the place ahead according to claim 11 lighting device is characterized in that, the above-mentioned reflectance coating that prevents is mutually bonding with bonding agent and above-mentioned optical conductor with the refractive index that equates substantially with the refractive index of above-mentioned optical conductor.

13. a display media is characterized in that, discerns displaying contents by the illumination of exterior light, and disposes the described the place ahead of claim 8 lighting device forwardly.

14. display media according to claim 13 is characterized in that, described display media is a reflection type liquid crystal display element.

15. display media according to claim 13 is characterized in that, above-mentioned the place ahead lighting device is dismountable.

16. the place ahead according to claim 1 lighting device is characterized in that, also is provided with the reflecting member that makes the light reflection on the surface at the 1st position of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

17. the place ahead according to claim 1 lighting device, it is characterized in that, also have compensation system, this compensation system makes from the radiating light at above-mentioned the 1st position on above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface of above-mentioned optical conductor consistent with radiation direction from the radiating light at above-mentioned the 2nd position.

18. the place ahead according to claim 17 lighting device is characterized in that, above-mentioned compensation system has 1st surface and with above-mentioned 1st surface each other relative 2nd surface relative each other with the 2nd emitting surface of above-mentioned optical conductor,

The 1st surperficial following configuration of above-mentioned compensation system: the dip plane substantially parallel with the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface of above-mentioned optical conductor, and and the substantially parallel tabular surface alternate configurations in the 2nd position of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface, formation is stepped with above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface complementation

The 2nd surface of above-mentioned compensation system and the 1st emitting surface almost parallel configuration of optical conductor.

19. the place ahead according to claim 17 lighting device, it is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, main for from the zone of the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface with mainly have mutual different refractive index for zone from the radiating light incident at the 2nd position of the 2nd emitting surface.

20. the place ahead according to claim 17 lighting device is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, is provided with the diffraction element main for the zone from the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface.

21. the place ahead according to claim 17 lighting device is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, is provided with the shading member main for the zone from the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface.

22. the place ahead according to claim 1 lighting device, it is characterized in that, between the above-mentioned light source and the above-mentioned plane of incidence, also be provided with the 1st light control device, the 1st light control device restriction is from the light scattering of above-mentioned light source, to reduce from the above-mentioned plane of incidence directly to the composition of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface incident.

23. the place ahead according to claim 1 lighting device, it is characterized in that, also be provided with the 2nd light control device between the above-mentioned light source and the above-mentioned plane of incidence, the 2nd light control device will be limited in from the light scattering of above-mentioned light source from the above-mentioned plane of incidence directly to the incident angle scope also bigger than critical angle of the light of the rake incident of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

24. the place ahead according to claim 1 lighting device is characterized in that, the above-mentioned plane of incidence and above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface dispose in obtuse angle.

25. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

Above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface has mainly will be from the light of light source to the 1st position and the shape that mainly allows from light transmissive the 2nd position alternate configurations of the reflection of illuminated thing of the reflection of the 1st emitting surface,

Above-mentioned the 1st position and the 2nd position are connected to after the chevron connecting line between each summit along with moving closer to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface away from above-mentioned light source.

26. the place ahead according to claim 25 lighting device is characterized in that, also is provided with the reflecting member that makes the light reflection on the surface at the 1st position of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

27. the place ahead according to claim 25 lighting device, it is characterized in that, also have compensation system, this compensation system makes from the radiating light at above-mentioned the 1st position on above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface of above-mentioned optical conductor consistent with radiation direction from the radiating light at above-mentioned the 2nd position.

28. the place ahead according to claim 27 lighting device is characterized in that, above-mentioned compensation system has 1st surface and with above-mentioned 1st surface each other relative 2nd surface relative each other with the 2nd emitting surface of above-mentioned optical conductor,

29. the place ahead according to claim 27 lighting device, it is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, main for from the zone of the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface with mainly have mutual different refractive index for zone from the radiating light incident at the 2nd position of the 2nd emitting surface.

30. the place ahead according to claim 27 lighting device is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, is provided with the diffraction element main for the zone from the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface.

31. the place ahead according to claim 27 lighting device is characterized in that, on above-mentioned compensation system, is provided with the shading member main for the zone from the radiating light incident at the 1st position of the 2nd emitting surface.

32. the place ahead according to claim 25 lighting device, it is characterized in that, between the above-mentioned light source and the above-mentioned plane of incidence, also be provided with the 1st light control device, the 1st light control device restriction is from the light scattering of above-mentioned light source, to reduce from the above-mentioned plane of incidence directly to the composition of above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface incident.

33. the place ahead according to claim 25 lighting device, it is characterized in that, also be provided with the 2nd light control device between the above-mentioned light source and the above-mentioned plane of incidence, the 2nd light control device will be limited in from the light scattering of above-mentioned light source from the above-mentioned plane of incidence directly to the incident angle scope also bigger than critical angle of the light of the rake incident of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

34. the place ahead according to claim 25 lighting device is characterized in that, the above-mentioned plane of incidence and above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface dispose in obtuse angle.

35. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

Above-mentioned the 1st position and the 2nd position are connected to after the chevron connecting line between each summit along with moving closer to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface away from above-mentioned light source,

36. the place ahead according to claim 35 lighting device is characterized in that above-mentioned optical devices are to prevent reflectance coating.

37. the place ahead according to claim 36 lighting device is characterized in that, the above-mentioned reflectance coating that prevents is mutually bonding with bonding agent and above-mentioned optical conductor with the refractive index that equates substantially with the refractive index of above-mentioned optical conductor.

38. a display media is characterized in that, discerns displaying contents by the illumination of exterior light, and disposes the described the place ahead of claim 25 lighting device forwardly.

39., it is characterized in that described display media is a reflection type liquid crystal display element according to the described display media of claim 38.

40., it is characterized in that above-mentioned the place ahead lighting device is dismountable according to the described display media of claim 38.

41. the place ahead lighting device has light source and the optical conductor that is configured in illuminated thing the place ahead,

Above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface has mainly will be from the light of light source to the 1st position of the 1st emitting surface reflection with mainly allow shape from light transmissive the 2nd position alternate configurations of the reflection of illuminated thing, above-mentioned the 1st position tilts to same direction with respect to above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface

Above-mentioned the 1st position is parallel with above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface with the connecting line between each summit after the 2nd position is connected to chevron.

42. according to the described the place ahead of claim 41 lighting device, it is characterized in that, on above-mentioned the 1st emitting surface, be provided with the optical devices that inhibition is reflected on the 1st emitting surface from the light of above-mentioned the 2nd emitting surface.

43., it is characterized in that above-mentioned optical devices are to prevent reflectance coating according to claim 42 described the place ahead lighting device.

44., it is characterized in that the above-mentioned reflectance coating that prevents is mutually bonding with bonding agent and above-mentioned optical conductor with the refractive index that equates substantially with the refractive index of above-mentioned optical conductor according to the described the place ahead of claim 43 lighting device.

45. a display media is characterized in that; Displaying contents is discerned in illumination by exterior light, and disposes the described the place ahead of claim 41 lighting device forwardly.

46., it is characterized in that described display media is a reflection type liquid crystal display element according to the described display media of claim 45.

47., it is characterized in that above-mentioned the place ahead lighting device is dismountable according to the described display media of claim 45.