Background technology
Canthaxanthin is a kind of in the carotenoid, and natural canthaxanthin is present in some mushroom, crustaceans, fish, algae, egg, blood, the liver, and canthaxanthin is mainly used in the breed of bird.The synthetic method of bibliographical information canthaxanthin mainly contains following several:
1.Jaedicke Deng having proposed the synthetic canthaxanthin (D) of one-step oxidation process [US 4212827 (1977), and DE 2657477 (1978)], this route obtains canthaxanthin by isozeaxanthin (E) by oxidizing reaction.Reaction formula is as follows:
In addition, US 4212827/1977 also has report that β-Hu Luobusu (F) is obtained canthaxanthin, yield 70% with one step of sodium chlorate oxidation.
Though these two kinds of method reactions steps are short, processing ease; But shortcoming is that impurity in products is many by (E) to (D) and (F) many to the oxygen of (D) reaction side reaction, and purification ratio is difficulty.
2.Rosenberger Deng the C that proposes
15+ C
10+ C
15Route [PureAppl.Chem.51 (4), 871-86,1979], this route are reported that by Roche company α-Zi Luolantong (G) and six carbyne alcohol carry out condensation reaction and obtain C
15Monomer (H), two molecule C then
15Monomer (H) and a part C
10Dialdehyde (I) obtains canthaxanthin (D) through the Wittig reaction.Reaction formula is as follows:
Many, the complicated operation of this route reaction step, total recovery about 40%.
3.Luca Deng the C that proposes
15+ C
10+ C
15Route [EP31875], via the synthetic canthaxanthin of Wittig reaction.Corresponding 3-methyl cyclohexanol diketone (K) and six carbyne alcohol (L) carry out condensation reaction and obtain C
15Monomer (M), two molecule C then
15Monomer (H) and a part C
10Dialdehyde (I) carries out the Wittig reaction and obtains canthaxanthin (D).Reaction formula is as follows:
Though this route is the actual production route of Roche company, it is many also to exist reactions steps, shortcomings such as complicated operation.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the problem that exists in the above-mentioned route, a kind of preparation method of canthaxanthin is provided.The step of method is as follows:
1) with C
22Eneyne (Q) is a starting raw material, elder generation and C under 30-35 ℃ of condition in tetrahydrofuran solvent
2H
5MgBr carries out the Ge Shi permutoid reaction and makes C
22The two Grignard reagents (B) of eneyne are warming up to 50-55 ℃ then, drip the tetrahydrofuran solution of compound (A), drip Bi Baowen 8-12 hour, are cooled to below 20 ℃, drip 10% dilute sulphuric acid then in reaction solution, to PH<3, use CH
2Cl
2Extraction, CH
2Cl
2Layer is washed to neutrality, and decompression removes CH
2Cl
2, get two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C);
2) two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C) are dissolved in CH
2Cl
2Or CHCl
3In, be chilled to below 20 ℃, add excessive zinc powder under the violent stirring, drip excessive acetic acid, dripped Bi Baowen 1-2 hour; Solids removed by filtration, filtrate adds 20%Na
2CO
3The aqueous solution is neutralized to neutrality, tells organic layer, washing, organic layer MgSO
4Drying, concentrating under reduced pressure adds the anhydrous diethyl ether crystallization, is cooled to below 20 ℃, filters, and drying gets product canthaxanthin (D);
Its reaction formula is as follows:
Described pair of grignard compound (B) is 1: 2~10 with the mol ratio of compound (A).The mol ratio of two grignard compounds (B) and compound (A) is 1: 3~6 preferable.In the reaction of two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C) reduction preparation canthaxanthins (D), used reductive agent is a zinc powder, and reducing medium is an acetic acid, and solvent is CH
2Cl
2Or CHCl
3Solvent is CH
2Cl
2Preferable.
Advantage of the present invention is: 1) adopt C
22The two Grignard reagents of eneyne are starting raw material, through the synthetic canthaxanthin of two-step reaction, total recovery height.2) in canthaxanthin synthetic, good reaction selectivity, by product is few.3) this method technology is simpler, easy to operate.
Embodiment
The present invention adopts following method to synthesize target product canthaxanthin (D): be raw material with two grignard compounds (B) promptly, obtain two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C) with compound (A) reaction, obtain canthaxanthin (D) through reduction.
Reaction formula is as follows:
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
A. the preparation of two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C)
In the 1000ml flask, add THF300ml, Mg 2.6g, the 2g monobromethane, 0.1g iodine, heating makes it to cause, and control reaction temperature is 30~35 ℃ then, drips remaining 12g monobromethane, drips to finish, and insulation reaction is until the Mg completely dissolve.In above-mentioned reaction solution, add 14.4g (0.05mol) C then in batches
22Conjugation diine polyenic compounds (Q) (preparation method sees CN200410073427.0), insulation reaction is until forming uniform viscous soln.Be warming up to 50 ℃, drip the 200ml THF solution that contains 21g (0.10moL) compound (A), drip and finish, insulation reaction 8 hours is cooled to below 20 ℃, drips 10% dilute sulphuric acid 100ml, 3 * 400ml CH then in reaction solution
2Cl
2Extraction, CH
2Cl
2Layer reduces pressure and removes CH with 3 * 400 washings
2Cl
2, get two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 18.3g, yield 79.5%.
B. the preparation of canthaxanthin (D)
In the 1000ml flask, add two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 18.3g, CH
2Cl
2400ml, stirring and dissolving is cooled to below 20 ℃, adds the 12g zinc powder under the violent stirring, drips the 60ml Glacial acetic acid, about 1 hour dropping time, drips Bi Baowen 1 hour.The solids removed by filtration thing, filtrate adds 20%Na
2CO
3Be neutralized to neutrality, tell organic layer, 2 * 300ml washing, the anhydrous MgSO of 13g
4Drying is evaporated to 60ml, adds anhydrous diethyl ether 100ml, is cooled to below 20 ℃, filters, and drying gets canthaxanthin (D) 17.2g, yield 93.2%.
Embodiment 2
A. the preparation of two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C)
In the 1000ml flask, add THF300ml, Mg 2.6g, the 2g monobromethane, 0.1g iodine, heating makes it to cause, and control reaction temperature is 30~35 ℃ then, drips remaining 12g monobromethane, drips to finish, and insulation reaction is until the Mg completely dissolve.In above-mentioned reaction solution, add 14.4g (0.05mol) C then in batches
22Conjugation diine polyenic compounds (Q), insulation reaction is until forming uniform viscous soln.Be warming up to 50 ℃, drip the 300ml THF solution that contains 42g (0.2mol) compound (A), drip and finish, insulation reaction 8 hours is cooled to below 20 ℃, drips 10% dilute sulphuric acid 100ml, 3 * 400ml CH then in reaction solution
2Cl
2Extraction, CH
2Cl
2Layer reduces pressure and removes CH with 3 * 400 washings
2Cl
2, get two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 19.6g, yield 85.2%.
B. the preparation of canthaxanthin (D)
In the 1000ml flask, add two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 19.6g, CHCl
3850ml, stirring and dissolving is cooled to below 20 ℃, adds the 13g zinc powder under the violent stirring, drips the 65ml Glacial acetic acid, about 1 hour dropping time, drips Bi Baowen 1 hour.The solids removed by filtration thing, filtrate adds 20%Na
2CO
3Be neutralized to neutrality, tell organic layer, 2 * 300ml washing, the anhydrous MgSO of 13g
4Drying is evaporated to 90ml, adds anhydrous diethyl ether 100ml, is cooled to below 20 ℃, filters, and drying gets canthaxanthin (D) 18.3g, yield 92.6%.
Embodiment 3
A. the preparation of two dehydrogenation canthaxanthins (C)
In the 1000ml flask, add THF300ml, Mg 2.6g, the 2g monobromethane, 0.1g iodine, heating makes it to cause, and control reaction temperature is 30~35 ℃ then, drips remaining 12g monobromethane, drips to finish, and insulation reaction is until the Mg completely dissolve.In above-mentioned reaction solution, add 14.4g (0.05mol) C then in batches
22Conjugation diine polyenic compounds (Q), insulation reaction is until forming uniform viscous soln.Be warming up to 50 ℃, drip the 500ml THF solution that contains 84g (0.4mol) compound (A), drip and finish, insulation reaction 8 hours is cooled to below 20 ℃, drips 10% dilute sulphuric acid 100ml, 3 * 400ml CH then in reaction solution
2Cl
2Extraction, CH
2Cl
2Layer reduces pressure and removes CH with 3 * 400 washings
2Cl
2, get two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 20.8g, yield 90.4%.
B. the preparation of canthaxanthin (D)
In the 1000ml flask, add two dehydrogenation canthaxanthin (C) 20.8g, CH
2Cl
2450ml, stirring and dissolving is cooled to below 20 ℃, adds the 14g zinc powder under the violent stirring, drips the 70ml Glacial acetic acid, about 1 hour dropping time, drips Bi Baowen 1 hour.The solids removed by filtration thing, filtrate adds 20%Na
2CO
3Be neutralized to neutrality, tell organic layer, 2 * 300ml washing, the anhydrous MgSO of 13g
4Drying is evaporated to 90ml, adds anhydrous diethyl ether 100ml, is cooled to below 20 ℃, filters, and drying gets canthaxanthin (D) 19.2g, yield 91.5%.