CN100337928C - Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment - Google Patents
Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN100337928C CN100337928C CNB2005100212326A CN200510021232A CN100337928C CN 100337928 C CN100337928 C CN 100337928C CN B2005100212326 A CNB2005100212326 A CN B2005100212326A CN 200510021232 A CN200510021232 A CN 200510021232A CN 100337928 C CN100337928 C CN 100337928C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a method for non-mud purifying treatment of ship sewage, which completes sewage purification by a circular reaction system composed of pretreatment reaction, high-efficiency anaerobic reaction and high-grade oxidation reaction and an apparatus composed of a pretreater 1, a high-efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 and a high-grade oxidizing reactor 3. The sewage is quickly oxidized, ammonified, nitrosified, nitrified, denitrified, hydrolyzed, acetified, etc. under the combined action of magnetic force, oxygen and mechanical force to generate biological gas giving priority to H2, and the anaerobic reaction is quickly carried out on a formed intermediate A in the high-efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 under the action of strong mechanical force to generate biological gas giving priority to CH4, and a formed intermediate B is rapidly oxidized under the combined action of ozone, high ultrasonic energy and strong mechanical force in the high-grade oxidizing reactor 3 to remove pollutants and kill vermin, bacteria and viruses. Residues flow back to the pretreater 1 to be removed or to participate in system reaction. The water reaching the standards can be directly utilized and can be discharged.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method and corresponding purifier apparatus thereof that mud produces that do not have.
Two, background technology
Oily(waste)water that vessel sewage is discharged by ballasting, washing of tanks and hold and the sanitary sewage that comprises the viral waste water of boats and ships consulting room discharging constitute.Restricted by the boats and ships volumetric spaces, most of boats and ships all are that the high concentration organic sewage with its generation directly enters in the water body.Flourishing along with the rapid growth of Water transportation and tourism, all kinds of boats and ships stars fall to scattereding all over like men on a chessboard in rivers,lakes and seas, its in line sewage has become one of fresh combatants of body eutrophication, and " wawter bloom " and " red tide " that body eutrophication produces caused huge disaster and incalculable damage, like this, objectively need the vessel sewage cleaner that the little efficient of volume is high and have excellent stability and safety performance.
Current China vessel sewage cleaner also is in the research and development phase, existing Technology and device all exist the energy consumption height, processing efficiency is low and produces secondary pollutant such as a large amount of mud, and this is not had effectively treating method again, also exist poor stability, the shortcoming that is difficult to overcome such as bulky simultaneously.Such as, oxidization electrolysis Technology device, or utility model patent product---" endorheic river vessel sewage the treatment facility " (patent No.: 2004.20033137.9) etc. all fail to solve an above-mentioned difficult problem.Particularly produce a large amount of mud problems, be difficult to that mud is transported bank and handle.If mud is directly entered in the water body, directly enter water body after being equivalent to again sewage concentrated.The chemical Treatment vessel sewage not only the cost height, secondary pollution is arranged, and very easily corrode hull, generally do not adopt.
Three, summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, develop a kind of mud that neither produces, can reclaim the effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method and the corresponding purifier apparatus thereof of biogas energy matter and water again, fill up the vessel sewage process field and do not have the technological gap that mud produces.And promote the use in other organic sewage or the association area handled based on the combined sewage of organic sewage.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method of a kind of no mud, it is characterized in that: this method is a circulating reaction system that is made of pretreatment reaction, highly effective anaerobic reaction and advanced oxidation reaction, and is finished the purification of vessel sewage by the integration apparatus that corresponding pretreater, high efficiency anaerobic reactor and advanced oxidation reactor constitute.That is:
Vessel sewage flows into pretreater through Venturi structural formula sewage inlet, under competent oxygen and magnetic force and mechanical energy acting in conjunction, reacts rapidly, generates with H
2Be main biogas, form intermediate A.Wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder standbyly, and intermediate A flows in the high efficiency anaerobic reactor carries out highly effective anaerobic reaction.
Intermediate A flows directly into high efficiency anaerobic reactor by the outlet of liquid resultant, and under the strong mechanical force that spiral tube and recycle pump produce, or built-in other can produce the device of strong mechanical force, and quick anaerobic reaction takes place, and generates with CH
4Be main biogas, form intermediate B.Wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder standbyly, and intermediate B flows into carries out the advanced oxidation reaction in the advanced oxidation reactor.
Intermediate B flows directly into flashing reactor through liquid resultant inlet, at ozone, the advanced oxidation reaction takes place down in ultrasonic high energy and the coefficient special environment condition of powerful mechanical force fast, or built-in other can produce the device of quick advanced oxidation reaction, pollutents such as heavy metal are by strong oxidation removal, worm's ovum, bacterium and virus are all by ozone, ultraviolet and ultrasonic combined killing, residue is trapped in the bottom by the microbial film filtering layer, be back to that pretreater is removed or the participation system reaction through return line, microbial film filtering layer top water can reach the comprehensive first discharge standard of national sewage, both can reuse, also can directly discharge by water out up to standard.
Concrete structure and reaction process are described as follows:
Pretreater is the double-chamber structure body of taper by the bottom of oil eliminator, air passageways, Venturi tube structure formula sewage inlet, magnetic grid, slagging-off web plate device, the dirty jet-pump of diving, two-position controller, the outlet of liquid resultant, sand setting outlet and biogas export mixes, wherein, cup is the oxygenation structure, and back chamber is the anoxic structure.Two-position controller is controlled circulation return pipe, ultrasonic generator, ultraviolet generator and the ozonizer of dive dirty jet-pump and terminal advanced oxidation reactor simultaneously.
Tanker ballast water, the oily(waste)water that washing of tanks and hold are discharged compiles with sanitary sewage after an oil removing of oil eliminator, flow into pretreater by Venturi tube structure formula sewage inlet, at first air after sucking, air passageways is entered the pretreater cup in inlet throat, competent oxygen and magnetic force impel sewage generation oxidation, ammonification and nitrosation reaction, the magnetization of the magnetic of flowing through again grid, realize the secondary breaking milk and removing oil, hold back the plastics of sneaking in the sewage simultaneously, foreign material impurity such as metal and part heavy metal, and it is collected into the disposal of together debarking of bag and solid waste on other ship by promoting slagging-off web plate device.Removal of impurities sewage flows into the chamber, back after the magnetization of magnetic grid, when rising to desired location, two-position controller starts dive dirty jet-pump and the work of advanced oxidation reactor.The dirty jet-pump of diving produces pulverizing, shearing, impact, stirring action to sewage, on the one hand solid shape organism such as ight soil are dispersed in the liquid phase, acidication and nitration reaction take place in sewage fast under magnetic field force and above-mentioned powerful mechanical force acting in conjunction, generate with H
2Be main biogas and the liquid substrate that is fit to very much anaerobic reaction, on the other hand, the raffinate that refluxes from terminal advanced oxidation reactor carries out anti-nitration reaction, inhales phosphorus reaction under anoxic condition, thoroughly realize denitrogenation dephosphorizing.Sandstone is deposited in taper position, bottom, regularly discharges from the sand setting outlet.In pretreater, not only realized removal of impurities like this, and realized quick acidication, oxidation, ammonification, nitrosification, nitrated and anti-nitration reaction, generated with H
2To be main biogas from the biogas outlet discharge enters the water-sealed gas-holder standbyly, and the mixed solution of generation becomes the intermediate A that is fit to very much anaerobic reaction, flows in the high efficiency anaerobic reactor that is attached thereto by liquid resultant outlet and carries out highly effective anaerobic reaction.
High efficiency anaerobic reactor is entered the mouth, is with recycle pump, spiral reaction tube, phase-separating device, biogas outlet and the liquid resultant export mixes of self-con-tained unit by liquid resultant.
Intermediate A flows directly into high efficiency anaerobic reactor by liquid resultant outlet, under the recycle pump effect on the spiral tube, intermediate A is subjected to centrifugal force, shearing force, surging force and contraction and the common Circulation of expansionary force, quick anaerobic reaction, phosphorus release reaction and nitration reaction take place, organic matter is decomposed, and generates with CH
4Be main biological G﹠W, phosphorus is released, and nitrogen becomes nitrated nitrogen.With CH
4Be that main biogas enters the standby fuel of doing the water-sealed gas-holder from biogas outlet discharge, the intact organic matter of a small amount of unreacted mixes back formation intermediate B and flows out from liquid resultant outlet with nitrogen phosphorus resultant, flow into and carry out the advanced oxidation reaction in the advanced oxidation reactor that is attached thereto.
The advanced oxidation reactor is made of liquid resultant inlet, flashing reactor, microbial film filtering layer, ozonizer, magnetic valve, ultraviolet generator, pump around circuit automatic pump governor and the water out up to standard of band vacuum breaker.
The outlet of ozonizer links to each other with the auxiliary material of flashing reactor inlet, return line links to each other with the pretreater inlet, the circulation return pipe of flashing reactor, ultrasonic generator, ultraviolet generator and ozonizer link to each other with the two-position controller of pretreater, wherein the circulation return pipe of flashing reactor also links to each other with the pump around circuit automatic pump governor, is controlled by the two-position controller and the pump around circuit automatic pump governor of pretreater simultaneously.When the liquid level of pretreater rises to desired location, circulation return pipe, ultrasonic generator, ultraviolet generator and the ozonizer of latent dirty jet-pump of two-position controller indication and flashing reactor are worked simultaneously, the magnetic valve that connects flashing reactor is opened, closed electromagnetic valve on the return line, intermediate B Rapid Cycle in flashing reactor is carried out the advanced oxidation reaction; When liquid level falls after rise to desired location, two-position controller indicates the device of its control to quit work, the closed electromagnetic valve that connects flashing reactor, magnetic valve on the return line is opened, pump around circuit automatic pump governor indication circulation return pipe is drawn back pretreater with the raffinate in the flashing reactor, realizes control automatically.
Flashing reactor is for applying for the technical products (application number 200510021057.0) of patent of invention.
Intermediate B flows directly into the flashing reactor of advanced oxidation reactor through liquid resultant inlet, simultaneously that oxidisability is extremely strong ozone sucks from ozonizer, the ultrasonic cavitation bubble that built-in ultrasonic generator produces in the flashing reactor will collapse in nanosecond, cause in microcell, producing high temperature and hundreds of atmospheric high-energy environment of thousands of degree, and with sonoluminescence, discharge and shockwave and microjet, moreover, the spiral reaction tube of flashing reactor also will produce powerful centrifugal force, shearing force, surging force and contraction and expansionary force, and continuous Circulation is in intermediate B.The advanced oxidation reaction takes place in remaining organic matter, nitrogen phosphorus resultant and a small amount of heavy metal fast in the intermediate B under the extremely strong ozone of oxidizing power, ultrasonic high energy and the coefficient special environment condition of powerful mechanical force like this, not only phosphorus is absorbed, nitrogen is by nitrated, organic matter, nitrogen phosphorus resultant and heavy metal are by strong oxidation removal, and worm's ovum, bacterium and virus is all by ozone and ultrasonic combined killing, and indivedual remaining worm's ovums, bacterium or virus are individual to be killed after uviolizing eventually.The residues such as inorganic plasmid that can not react are trapped in the bottom by the microbial film filtering layer, be back to that pretreater is removed or the participation system reaction through return line, the top filtered water can reach the comprehensive first discharge standard of national sewage after uviolizing, both can reuse, also can directly discharge by water out up to standard.
Nitrogen phosphorus in the vessel sewage and a small amount of heavy metal obtain removing in the carrying out repeatedly of oxidizing reaction → hypoxia response → anaerobic reaction → advanced oxidation reaction → oxidizing reaction.
Whole like this vessel sewage has obtained purification, and the water of its discharging can reach the comprehensive first discharge standard of national sewage, but both direct reuses also can directly discharge by water out up to standard, also reclaimed the biogas that can make fuel in a large number.Realized sewage recycling.
Advantage of the present invention is:
Need not to add any medicament, also need not to heat, more need not the pressurization of heating, vessel sewage only needs can realize purifying through the integrated vessel sewage purifier apparatus of no mud that is made of pretreater, high efficiency anaerobic reactor and advanced oxidation reactor successively, but treating water can reach comprehensive first discharge standard of national sewage and direct reuse, reclaim the biogas that to make fuel in a large number simultaneously, more do not have mud and produce.
The integrated vessel sewage purifier apparatus of no mud volume is little, the efficient height, and energy consumption is low, the level of automation height, treatment and purification sewage is thorough, and safety and stability is fit to boats and ships and installs and uses very much.
This method and purifier apparatus have been filled up the technological gap that utilizes biochemical process processing vessel sewage and do not produce mud, have broad application prospects, and can be popularized and applied to other organic sewage or based on other relevant field of waste water treatment such as the combined sewages of organic sewage.
Great advantage of the present invention is:
This method has realized under the normal temperature and pressure condition, finish biochemical reaction in a short period of time rapidly and do not produce mud, not only energy consumption is low for the integrated vessel sewage purifier apparatus of making of this corresponding method of no mud, volume is little, the level of automation height can thoroughly purify vessel sewage, and realizes high-efficient denitrification and dephosphorization and heavy metal, and can also the whole treating water of reuse and make the biogas of fuel, realized sewage recycling.
This method and purifier apparatus can not only be widely used in purifying vessel sewage, and can be widely used in every profession and trade organic sewage and relevant wastewater treatment.Has great realistic price and vast market utilization prospect.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet of the effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method of no mud of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the device assembles synoptic diagram that is exclusively used in the effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method of no mud of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-pretreater, 2-high efficiency anaerobic reactor, 3-advanced oxidation reactor, the 4-water-sealed gas-holder, 5-oil eliminator, 6-air passageways, 7-Venturi tube structure formula sewage inlet, 8-magnetic grid, 9-slagging-off web plate device, the outlet of 10-sand setting, the 11-dirty jet-pump of diving, 12-two-position controller, the liquid resultant outlet of 13-, the liquid resultant inlet of 14-, the recycle pump of 15-band self-con-tained unit, 16-spiral reaction tube, 17-phase-separating device, the outlet of 18-biogas, the 19-vacuum breaker, 20-flashing reactor inlet, 21-flashing reactor, the 22-magnetic valve, the 23-ozonizer, 24-microbial film filtering layer, 25-ultraviolet generator, 26-pump around circuit automatic pump governor, 27-water out up to standard.
Five, embodiment
Below the present invention is made detailed description.
As Fig. 1, the effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method of a kind of no mud, it is characterized in that: this method is a circulating reaction system that is made of pretreatment reaction, highly effective anaerobic reaction and advanced oxidation reaction, and is finished the purification of vessel sewage by the integration apparatus that corresponding pretreater 1, high efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 and advanced oxidation reactor 3 constitute.That is:
Vessel sewage flows into pretreater 1 through Venturi structural formula sewage inlet 7, under competent oxygen and magnetic force and mechanical energy acting in conjunction, reacts rapidly, generates with H
2Be main biogas, form intermediate A.Wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder 4 standbyly, and intermediate A flows in the high efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 carries out highly effective anaerobic reaction.
Intermediate A flows directly into high efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 by liquid resultant outlet 13, under the forceful action of spiral tube 16 and recycle pump 15 generations, quick anaerobic reaction takes place, and generates with CH
4Be main biogas, form intermediate B.Wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder 4 standbyly, and intermediate B flows into carries out the advanced oxidation reaction in the advanced oxidation reactor 3.
Intermediate B flows directly into the inlet 20 of the flashing reactor 21 of advanced oxidation reactor 3 through liquid resultant inlet 14, at ozone, the advanced oxidation reaction takes place down in ultrasonic high energy and the coefficient special environment condition of powerful mechanical force fast, pollutents such as heavy metal are by strong oxidation removal, worm's ovum, bacterium and virus are all by ozone, ultraviolet and ultrasonic combined killing, residue is trapped in the bottom by microbial film filtering layer 24, be back to that pretreater 1 is removed or the participation system reaction through return line, microbial film filtering layer 24 top water can reach the comprehensive first discharge standard of national sewage, both can reuse, also can directly discharge by water out 27 up to standard.
As Fig. 2, a kind of equipment that is exclusively used in the effective integrated vessel sewage purifying treatment method of no mud of the present invention, this equipment is made of pretreater, high efficiency anaerobic reactor and advanced oxidation reactor: wherein:
High efficiency anaerobic reactor 2 is made of recycle pump 15, spiral reaction tube 16, phase-separating device 17, biogas outlet 18 and the liquid resultant outlet 13 of liquid resultant inlet 14, band self-con-tained unit.Its top is provided with biogas outlet 18 and is communicated with water-sealed gas-holder 4, and top is provided with liquid resultant and exports 13 and be communicated with advanced oxidation reactor 3.
Biogas is discharged from biogas outlet 18 and is entered the standby fuel of doing the water-sealed gas-holder 4.
The return line of advanced oxidation reactor 3 is communicated with the circulation return pipe and the Venturi tube structure formula sewage inlet 7 of flashing reactor 21.
Claims (9)
1, a kind of method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage, it is characterized in that: this method is a circulating reaction system that is made of pretreatment reaction, highly effective anaerobic reaction and advanced oxidation reaction, and is finished the purification of vessel sewage by the integration apparatus that corresponding pretreater (1), high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) and advanced oxidation reactor (3) constitute; That is:
Vessel sewage flows into pretreater (1) and reacts generation rapidly with H
2Be main biogas, form intermediate A, wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder (4) standby; Intermediate A flows into high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) and carries out anaerobic reaction fast, generates with CH
4Be main biogas, form intermediate B, wherein biogas enters in the water-sealed gas-holder (4) standby; Intermediate B flows into advanced oxidation reactor (3), ozone, ultrasonic high energy and powerful mechanical force acting in conjunction are with the fast strong oxidation removal of pollutent, while killing ova, bacterium and virus, residue is trapped in the bottom by microbial film filtering layer (24), be back to that pretreater (1) is removed or the participation system reaction through return line, its top is water up to standard, directly recycling or discharging.
2, method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the built-in magnetic grid of pretreater (1) (8), or built-in other magnetic texure or magnet; Wherein, magneticsubstance is permanent magnetic material, or electromagnet.
3, method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the inlet of pretreater (1) is a Venturi oxygenation structure, and air is inhaled into from throat through air passageways (6), to strengthen the mass transfer of oxygen.
4, method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with the dirty jet-pump (11) of diving in the pretreater (1), pulverize, shear to produce, impact and Mixing Machine power are come fast reaction speed, will consolidate the shape organism simultaneously and be dispersed in the liquid phase.
5, method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with the device that spiral tube (16) and recycle pump (15) constitute in the high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2), to produce powerful shearing, impact, centrifugal, contraction and expansion and Mixing Machine power, greatly fast reaction speed; Or built-in other can produce the device of strong mechanical force.
6, method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with ozonizer (23) in the advanced oxidation reactor (3), to strengthen the strong oxidizing power of flashing reactor (21), fast reaction speed, guarantee the realization of sludge zero discharge, will contract in the reaction times shortlyer simultaneously.
7, a kind of equipment that is used for method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this equipment is the integration apparatus that is made of pretreater (1), high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) and advanced oxidation reactor (3); Wherein, pretreater (1) is provided with the cup of oxygenation structure and the back chamber of anoxic structure; Be provided with the device of recycle pump (15) composition of spiral reaction tube (16) and band self-con-tained unit in the high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2), can produce powerful mechanical force; Advanced oxidation reactor (3) built-in " flashing reactor " (21), microbial film filtering layer (24), ultraviolet generator (25) and pump around circuit automatic pump governor (26).
8, the equipment of method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 7 is characterized in that: this equipment is control operation automatically; Wherein, the recycle pump (15) of high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) is by the control device control operation that carries; Two-position controller (12) all is communicated with and control automatically: the circulation return pipe of flashing reactor (21) and ultrasonic generator, ultraviolet generator (25), ozonizer (23) and the dirty jet-pump (11) of diving; The circulation return pipe of flashing reactor (21) should be subjected to the control of two-position controller (12) also to be subjected to the control of pump around circuit automatic pump governor (26) simultaneously.
9, the equipment of method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: this equipment is communicated with by magnetic grid (8) with the back chamber of anoxic structure by the oxygenation structure cup of pretreater (1), the liquid resultant outlet (13) on top, back chamber is communicated with the liquid resultant inlet (14) of high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2), the liquid resultant outlet (13) on high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) top is communicated with advanced oxidation reactor (3), and the return line of advanced oxidation reactor (3) all is communicated with the circulation return pipe of flashing reactor (21) and the sewage inlet (7) of pretreater (1); The biogas outlet (18) at top, chamber, pretreater (1) back is communicated with water-sealed gas-holder (4), the biogas outlet (18) at high efficiency anaerobic reactor (2) top is communicated with water-sealed gas-holder (4), biogas in the water-sealed gas-holder (4) can directly be made fuel, water-sealed gas-holder (4) is set has also guaranteed biogas storage and incendiary safety.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100212326A CN100337928C (en) | 2005-07-09 | 2005-07-09 | Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB2005100212326A CN100337928C (en) | 2005-07-09 | 2005-07-09 | Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment |
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| CN1724393A CN1724393A (en) | 2006-01-25 |
| CN100337928C true CN100337928C (en) | 2007-09-19 |
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| CNB2005100212326A Expired - Fee Related CN100337928C (en) | 2005-07-09 | 2005-07-09 | Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102211843B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-07-25 | 黄杉琴 | Process method for achieving energy regeneration and reclamation of sludge in digestion tank through three-phase reaction |
| CN105481189B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-03-23 | 沅江精一科技机械制造有限公司 | Marine domestic sewage processing system |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2616533Y (en) * | 2002-08-17 | 2004-05-19 | 陈绍希 | Grow-culture joint ecological methane-generating pit |
| CN1513775A (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-07-21 | 大晃机械工业株式会社 | Sewage purifying tank for shpping |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2616533Y (en) * | 2002-08-17 | 2004-05-19 | 陈绍希 | Grow-culture joint ecological methane-generating pit |
| CN1513775A (en) * | 2002-12-31 | 2004-07-21 | 大晃机械工业株式会社 | Sewage purifying tank for shpping |
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Application publication date: 20060125 Assignee: SICHUAN ANLIN OIL AND GAS ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Assignor: Jiang Suian Contract record no.: 2014510000008 Denomination of invention: Method for nonmud purifying treating of ship sewage and its equipment Granted publication date: 20070919 License type: Common License Record date: 20140226 |
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