CN100337020C - Manufacutring technology of friction pair four composite unit without grinding - Google Patents
Manufacutring technology of friction pair four composite unit without grinding Download PDFInfo
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- CN100337020C CN100337020C CNB2005100467236A CN200510046723A CN100337020C CN 100337020 C CN100337020 C CN 100337020C CN B2005100467236 A CNB2005100467236 A CN B2005100467236A CN 200510046723 A CN200510046723 A CN 200510046723A CN 100337020 C CN100337020 C CN 100337020C
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Abstract
The present invention relates to manufacturing technology of four grinding-free assemblies of internal combustion engine friction pairs, which comprises: a. in a cylinder sleeve processing step: 0.03 to 0.04mm of machining allowance is pre-reserved in a cylinder sleeve; cross processing or screw laser quenching processing is carried out to the cylinder sleeve, and after the laser quenching processing is carried out to the cylinder sleeve, the quenching hardness is larger than or equal to HV750, the depth is larger than or equal to 2.5mm, the width is larger than or equal to 2.5mm, and the laser belt depth is from 0.12mm to 0.20mm; fine bore honing processing is carried out to the cylinder sleeve; b. in a piston processing step: graphite is sprayed to a piston skirt part; c. in a piston ring processing step: chemical vapour deposition technology of plasma with low temperature is used by the piston ring under the working condition that temperature is below 300 DEG C, a layer of 30 to 50 mu m of composite metal-ceramic film of microcrystal and network structure coexistence is generated on the surface of the piston ring, and the film can generate double diffusion; d. in a piston pin processing step: rare earth carburizing processing is carried out to the piston pin, and the four grinding-free assemblies are obtained.
Description
One, technical field: the present invention relates to the manufacturing process of internal-combustion engine, especially relate to a kind of manufacturing process that is used for four kinds of component of friction pair of without grinding on the internal-combustion engine with the friction pair assembly parts.
Two, background technique: at present domestic four kinds of component of internal-combustion engine friction pair---cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, the wrist pin that generally adopts, be each diesel engine manufacturer and design needs according to self, the needed component of subitem buying are assembled in complete machine flowing water manufacture process then; But after these four kinds of component are assemblied in internal-combustion engine, when on various vehicles, using after the first or overhaul, must be through after the break-in of running-in period, carrying capacity of competence exertion the best and travelling speed, and that the load-carrying in stage running-in period and travelling speed all can not reach is normal, so existence of running-in period, expend a large amount of fuel oils, the energy of losing time, improve operation cost, each diesel engine manufacturer is according to self economy and technology status, also have when kitting factory purchases above component, adopted the product of some high new procesies to some extent, the high new process of these single component is respectively: cylinder sleeve adopts the glow plasma reinforced alloys, laser hardening, alramenting, the NP coating, the HTC wear resistant coating, chrome-faced, the surface device for sand coated iron mould, sulfurizing etc.; Piston adopts anodic oxidation, surface by micro-arc oxidation potteryization, coating surface nickel phosphorus, electroplating surfaces with tin, surperficial graphite spraying etc.; Piston ring adopts nitrogenize, oozes pottery, sprayed molybdenum, the clear mill of characteristic, CKS composite plating etc.; Wrist pin adopts re carburizing etc.; More than the practical application of these new and high technologies, solved the problem of some monosomy, but still there is not manufacturing firm that the high-new handicraft product of various component system is used in combination so far, the more high standard requirement of the employed various high new procesies of these adapted products not being made according to internal-combustion engine, they are carried out creationary improvement, make the bigger set effect of they performances, after making these four component assemblings, without what directly normally use running-in period, the overwhelming majority all is to adopt a certain or several above-mentioned high new procesies, the requirement in order to cater to fierce market price competition that also has not to adopt above-mentioned technology on therein one or several parts separately.
But because the employed high new process of various component is each independent Application and Development of component manufactory mostly, Diesel Engine Complete Machine manufactory mostly is passive selection application and does not still use, so just causing various component to use basically between some markets that new and high technology only solves self product and faced inscribes, and do not accomplish which kind of technology is several component coupling united and coordinating adopt to bring into play the set effect, so practical application effect is had a greatly reduced quality, the more important thing is because the process means that each auxiliary component supplier adopts is different, which kind of high new process of the required improvement of several component sets match is extremely difficult especially in the hope of reaching better effect, so Diesel Engine Complete Machine manufactory all just detects the material of some auxiliary components more passively at present, geometric accuracy, the thing of presentations such as hardness, technology or technology which parts the internal-combustion engine friction pair assembly parts that gets up for assembly need improve can only require with matching parts factory or consult, this to the improvement of new technology with apply totally unfavorable, so the combination of the internal-combustion engine friction pair of existing technology does not all reach the effect of removing initial running-in period from.
Comprehensive above reason, present domestic diesel of producing, behind the coupling car load, all needing the early stage of proper functioning waste the huge energy through running-in period after a while, has also generated the unnecessary environmental pollution of huge script.
Three, summary of the invention:
1, goal of the invention: the manufacturing process that the invention provides internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit, its objective is solve traditional internal-combustion engine friction pair four assemblies not with the high-new handicraft product of various component system in conjunction with application, after being assembled on the internal-combustion engine, must be when bringing into use through could normally using after break-in running-in period, improved cost, wasted energy, time and problem of environment pollution caused.
2, technological scheme: the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of manufacturing process of internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit is characterized in that: this without grinding four composite unit comprises cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, wrist pin, and their manufacturing process is undertaken by following step respectively:
A, cylinder sleeve treatment step:
1. in cylinder sleeve, reserve the machining allowance of 0.03mm～0.04mm;
2. the countercylinder cover intersects or spiral laser hardening is handled, cylinder sleeve after laser hardening is handled, quenching hardness 〉=HV750, the degree of depth 〉=0.12mm, width 〉=2.5mm, the degree of depth of laser band is 0.12mm～0.20mm;
3. the countercylinder cover carries out meticulous inner bore honing processing;
After above-mentioned processing, promptly get cylinder sleeve of the present invention;
B, piston treatment step:
The processing of graphite spraying is carried out in the piston skirt, improve the initial fitting property energy of piston and the tension cylinder performance of cold starting, promptly get graphite spraying piston of the present invention after the processing;
C, piston ring treatment step:
Piston ring is being lower than under 300 ℃ of operating conditions, adopt the low-temperature plasma chemical vapour deposition technique, the piston ring superficial growth go out one deck 30～50um can take place two between the micro crystal of diffusion and network structure and metal-Ceramic Composite film of depositing, promptly get Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring of the present invention after the processing;
D, wrist pin treatment step:
Wrist pin is carried out re carburizing handle, promptly get re carburizing wrist pin of the present invention after the processing;
After being handled, four component promptly get without grinding four composite unit of the present invention through above-mentioned.
Above-mentioned laser hardening cylinder sleeve, when adapted surface graphite spraying piston, Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring, the assembly of re carburizing wrist pin, its cylinder prepareding gap 0.12 〉=gap 〉=0.07mm, join the cylinder piston weight poor≤10g.
3, advantage and effect: by the enforcement of technical solution of the present invention, can solve well traditional internal-combustion engine friction pair four assemblies not with the high-new handicraft product of various component system in conjunction with application, after being assembled on the internal-combustion engine, must be when bringing into use through could normally using after break-in running-in period, improved cost, wasted energy, time and problem of environment pollution caused.The present invention has following advantage:
1, energy saving, Economy are remarkable: assembly of the present invention need not to carry out the initial stage break-in, has saved the required fuel consume of initial stage break-in, has saved a large amount of break-in activity duration, energy, has improved operating efficiency, more helps holding transient business opportunity; By 1500～2000 kilometers calculating running-in period of every diesel vehicle; Medium and heavy truck per 100 km fuel oil consumption 25L, 3.60 yuan/L calculates, and will save 1350 yuan-1800 yuan of the required fuel costs of break-in; Light truck, agricultural transportation vehicle per 100 km fuel oil consumption 11L, 3.60 yuan/L calculates, and will save 600 yuan～790 yuan of the required fuel costs of break-in; Analysis of statistical data by 2003, whole nation civilian vehicle recoverable amount, cargo vehicle, agricultural transportation vehicle, large and middle tractor add up to: 2134.9 ten thousand, do not contain passenger car, motorcycle, microtractor, if each saves initial break-in fuel oil by 600 yuan of minimums, the friction pair assembly parts is once changed in the annual maintenance of each car one time, will save the energy every year and be worth 12,800,000,000 yuan; If calculate [(1350+1800+600+790) ÷ 4=1135] by the average value of saving the energy, be worth up to 242.3 hundred million yuan, by 0.4 ten thousand yuan of calculating per ton, amounting to finished fuel is 320～6,050,000 tons; By various statistics and predict data analysis, to reach 6,000 ten thousand left stones to above-mentioned car type between 2015～the year two thousand twenty in the domestic total recoverable amount of China, to save the energy 900～1,700 ten thousand ton every year if adopt assembly of the present invention when the time comes, total value 36,000,000,000～68,000,000,000 yuan, the pollution of Jian Shaoing and the environmental benefit that generates is inestimable therefrom.
2, significant to the whole strategy of sustainable development of country, to be becoming tight in global energy day, the part energy faces exhaustion, the countries in the world contention energy very fierce today, the present invention seems particularly important to the long-range strategy of sustainable development of country;
3, environmental-protecting performance is obvious, owing to adopted multiple new and high technology, brings into play its set practical application, and environment protection effect is also very remarkable, reduces CO, CH, the NO of exhaust emissions
XContent 40%; Reduce by 15～35 ℃ of motor row temperature.Reduce the atmosphere greenhouse effect;
4, use and join and pay very conveniently, the present invention measures assembly meticulously, as long as the corresponding model of user is identical, whether rationally uses of both can directly having installed needn't be whether the model of each parts is corresponding again, mate gap worry, and be easy to use, quick.
5, laser hardening of the present invention is handled cylinder sleeve and the standard weave of cylinder sleeve is added flake graphite from pearlite is converted into fine acicular martensite and not molten graphite, improved metal plastic deformation drag and the rupture strength in the wear process, thereby raising wear resistance, and having good oil storage characteristic, undressed inner surface of cylinder liner constitutes second attrition surface, thereby improve the lubricating condition of attrition surface, reached the raising wear resistance, laser hardening is handled cylinder sleeve and is generally improved wear resistance 25%～30% than common cylinder sleeve; And then the working life of having improved cylinder sleeve, be about 5000 hours the working life of general cylinder sleeve, and the life-span of the cylinder sleeve of process laser process generally can reach 10000～12000 hours; Have superior tension cylinder performance simultaneously and join and pay a performance, the piston ring that institute is joined pair improves more than 30%～45% working life; Because laser hardening is handled front jar sheath and adopted phosphorization treatment process, therefore make cylinder sleeve have good anti-cavitation pitting ability; Owing to adopt to intersect or spiral laser hardening is handled network and also can be kept in the cylinder sleeve bore using process wear extent even for a long time, engine compression ratio is stable, and then corresponding minimizing oil consumption, reaches energy-conservation purpose.Technology of the present invention had both overcome the projection of finished product cylinder sleeve quenching back laser band, had guaranteed the precision of cylinder sleeve again, significantly reduced the processing reject rate, had reduced cost.So the laser cylinder sleeve of explained hereafter of the present invention can be joined the piston ring of paying any material, has prolonged the working life of piston ring, and has greatly shortened the initial stage running-in time.
6, graphite spraying piston of the present invention, the initial fitting property energy of piston and the tension cylinder performance of cold starting both can have been improved, can play the good wear effect again, reduce the friction merit between piston and cylinder, further improved the overall performance of motor, fuel saving, the settling-discharging index prolongs complete machine working life.
7, Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring of the present invention, it is indeformable that it reaches the surface substantially, heat-conducting property improves 42% and increase with temperature under the normal temperature, reduces the temperature distortion of piston ball, improves the sealing of ring, improve the early stage gas blowby of motor, scurry oily phenomenon, CO, HC, NO compound are had the catalytic reaction effect, reduced the harmful gas generation, compliance with environmental protection requirements, when improving matrix surface hardness, toughness, wear resistance, realized the synchronous prolongation in ring and cylinder sleeve working life; Simultaneously Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring can be improved the thermal conductivity of motor, reduces by 15～35 ℃ of motor row temperature, reduces fuel oil and consumption of lubricating oil, reaches purpose of energy saving, reduces wear to improve motor working life, makes tension cylinder performance enhancing etc.
8, re carburizing wrist pin of the present invention improves 30% than common JB/T8118-1997 standard piston pin wear resistance, and bending fatigue strength improves 30%～47%, and impact toughness improves 20%.Adopt the re carburizing wrist pin can improve the overall permanence of internal-combustion engine friction pair assembly, it does not directly act on the friction merit of friction pair.
Four, embodiment:
Internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit of the present invention, this without grinding four composite unit comprises cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, wrist pin, their manufacturing process is undertaken by following step respectively:
A, cylinder sleeve treatment step:
1. change original manufactured good processing into semi-finished product processing, before laser process, reserve the machining allowance of 0.03mm in the cylinder sleeve to 0.04mm;
2. the countercylinder cover utilizes the laser beam of high-energy-density that the finished product cylinder sleeve of being processed into is carried out heated at high speed scanning, by metal from conduction heat transfer, realize sharply cooling fast, to obtain the ultra-fineization crystal grain of self-quench hardening, the standard weave of cylinder sleeve is added flake graphite from pearlite be converted into fine acicular martensite and last molten graphite, improved metal plastic deformation drag and the rupture strength in the wear process, thereby raising wear resistance, intersect or after spiral laser hardening handles, quenching hardness 〉=HV750, the degree of depth 〉=0.12mm, width 〉=2.5mm, the degree of depth of laser band is 0.12mm～0.20mm;
3. after the laser process, carry out meticulous inner bore honing again and handle the projection that had both overcome finished product cylinder sleeve quenching back laser band like this, guaranteed the precision of cylinder sleeve again, significantly reduce the processing reject rate, reduced cost.
After above-mentioned processing, promptly get cylinder sleeve of the present invention;
B, piston treatment step:
The piston skirt is carried out the processing of graphite spraying, promptly get graphite spraying piston of the present invention after the processing, graphite has good lubrication property, compressive strength height, high temperature oxidation resisting, also has good thermal conductivity, thermostability, corrosivity and lower friction ractor are generally 0.11, therefore, after the graphite spraying of piston skirt, both can improve the initial fitting property energy of piston and the tension cylinder performance of cold starting, can play the good wear effect again, reduce the friction merit between piston and cylinder, further improved the overall performance of motor, fuel saving, settling-discharging index, prolong complete machine working life
C, piston ring treatment step:
Piston ring is being lower than under 300 ℃ of operating conditions, adopt the low-temperature plasma chemical vapour deposition technique, the piston ring superficial growth go out one deck 30～50um can take place two between the micro crystal of diffusion and network structure and the metal-Ceramic Composite of the depositing film of fighting, promptly get Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring of the present invention after the processing;
D, wrist pin treatment step:
Wrist pin is carried out re carburizing handle, promptly get re carburizing wrist pin of the present invention after the processing;
After being handled, four component promptly get without grinding four composite unit of the present invention through above-mentioned.
The laser hardening cylinder sleeve that above-mentioned processes is made, when adapted surface graphite spraying piston, Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring, the assembly of re carburizing wrist pin, its cylinder prepareding gap 0.12 〉=gap 〉=0.07mm, join the cylinder piston weight poor≤10g; Piston ring: also available sprayed molybdenum ring, greasy property is better than the maceration ceramic ring, and exhaust emissions, surface hardness index are worse than maceration ceramic ring, wrist pin; Also available common JB/T8118-1997 standard piston pin, and during traditional four composite unit assembly, cylinder prepareding gap only is 0.07 〉=gap 〉=0.03mm, after adopting cylinder prepareding gap assembling of the present invention, with indicated weight is that 1 ton～1.5 tons new car is done experiment, under the situation of break-in, can load-carrying reach 10 tons of cruisings.
Process inventor seven months selects dissimilar car types to carry out the test of reality dress, and assembling is not all carried out break-in and direct operation by the internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding assembly parts of technological method production of the present invention at initial operating stage, and working condition is all very good.Maximum duration has been moved the time more than a year, and our follow-up investigation of process proves: all are normal for working state.
The experiment way that the present invention adopts is as follows:
The need repairing different car types of internal-combustion engine friction pair of selection, car type comprises weight, medium truck, light truck, four-wheel agricultural vehicle, three-wheeled farm transport vehicle, big-and-middle-sized wheeled tractor, assembling assembly of the present invention during maintenance is without on-line operation running-in period;
The load-carrying quality: cargo vehicle, four-wheel agricultural vehicle are 2 times of vehicle standard loading quality; Other vehicles such as the big-and-middle-sized wheeled tractor of three-wheeled farm transport vehicle are 2～4 times of vehicle standard loading quality;
Motion speed; Following of vehicle normal operation can reach the normal speed that maybe should keep.
Operating environment: 1, under the normal climate state; 2, under the northern puna state, begin test March; 3, former road conditions are normal, under the uneven state of mountain area road conditions;
The vehicle integral status: other associated components of vehicle is carried out major tune-up and problematic parts are debugged accordingly or changed, and associated components is meant: connecting rod, connecting-rod bolts, oil nozzle, oil sprayer, cylinder pad, body, cylinder bolt, jump ring, intake manifold, three filters, valve, valve guide bushing, valve tappet, bent axle, valve oil seal, lubricant oil, fuel oil, cooling liquid.Assembly environment and requirement: indoor, prohibit and assemble, change three filters in the open, use CD level lubricant oil, thoroughly clear up complete machine and pass the gas system.Assembly technical requirement: specialty has the maintenance man of maintenance qualification certificates, uses special tool to implement by the technical standard requirement.
Experimental result is: all reach and need not break-in and direct operation is respond well.
Other result: adopt the product of the combo parts of a certain or certain several above high-new handicraft product separately, experiment effect is all failed; Use former technology laser hardening cylinder sleeve, other combo parts have all adopted above-mentioned high-new handicraft product, experimental result also is failure, has only the laser hardening cylinder sleeve that has adopted after the processes of the present invention, and the experiment product that is equipped with other high new process combo parts has been obtained Success in Experiment.
The failure performance: failing under the situation that adopts above-mentioned equal experiment way shows as:
1, the serious high temperature of run duration motor; 2, the engine cylinder premature wear is serious;
3, gas blowby, lubricating oil carry-over phenomenon are serious; 4, engine operated power is prominent loses;
5, engine cylinder early ageing; 6, engine exhaust emission spray black smoke is serious.
Followingly done the tracking test investigation records by the inventor:
Type of vehicle: light truck, standard load-carrying quality: 1.5T
Diesel engine model: Yunnan Internal Combustion Engine Factory 4100 diesel engines
Vehicle identification number: distant AR3120
Car owner's name; Liu Li, driver: Li Baolin
Experimental period; On April 20th, 2004
Dress keratin amount; 2.5T～4.5T
Loading substance: auto parts machinery, structural material, oil plant, staple etc.
Long journey speed; 60～90KM/ hour
Traffic coverage: Liaoning, Jilin, Shandong, the Inner Mongol, Heilungkiang, Hebei
Operating environment: Plain, mountain area, comprise country's gravel road, dirt road
Vehicle integral status: check each parts, replacing three filters, lubricant oil, the contrary gas system of cleaning before the dress.Assembly environment: indoor, no sand dust.
Follow-up investigation: the assembling initial stage on April 20th, 2004, directly load the operation of 2.5T goods without break-in, with 60～80 kilometers/hour speed interval operation, behind a wheat harvesting period, it is normal to inspect the generator operating conditions result.This vehicle runs away to transport on the way and has been mountain area, Chaoyang, mountain area, Benxi, Kuan Dian mountain area and country's sandstone dirt road respectively during this time, also be Harbin, omnidistance expressway is with average 80 kilometers/hour speed, 2.8 tons of goods of load-carrying, operation is normal, and the end is found high temperature, gas blowby, scurried the bad reflection of wet goods; During 6～August in 2004, change lubricant oil, change primary air filter cleaner, diesel-oil filter, oil filter, continue with the normality operation normal afterwards; During in November, 2004 once more more oil change, continue with the normality operation, it is regular press the motor usage requirement afterwards, decide journey and maintain, operational excellence so far, during do not repair again and bury engine cylinder.During all following the tracks of, running to 2000 kilometers respectively, twice oil change more changed one time three filter in the time of 5000 kilometers when running to 2000 kilometers, carries out regularly, decides journey by the diesel engine operation instruction afterwards and maintain.Later remove tracking and testing in November, 2004, afterwards in January, 2005, and twice inquiry March in 2005 runnability, reflection is good.
Internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit through technological method manufacturing of the present invention has reached the effect of removing running-in period from, has saved the operating cost of vehicle in a large number, has saved the energy, time, has reduced the pollution to environment.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of manufacturing process of internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit, it is characterized in that: this without grinding four composite unit comprises cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, wrist pin, and their manufacturing process is undertaken by following step respectively:
A, cylinder sleeve treatment step:
1. in cylinder sleeve, reserve the machining allowance of 0.03mm～0.04mm;
2. the countercylinder cover intersects or spiral laser hardening is handled, cylinder sleeve after laser hardening is handled, quenching hardness 〉=HV750, the degree of depth 〉=0.12mm, width 〉=2.5mm, the degree of depth of laser band is 0.12mm～0.20mm;
3. the countercylinder cover carries out meticulous inner bore honing processing;
After above-mentioned processing, promptly get cylinder sleeve of the present invention;
B, piston treatment step:
The processing of graphite spraying is carried out in the piston skirt, improve the initial fitting property energy of piston and the tension cylinder performance of cold starting, promptly get graphite spraying piston of the present invention after the processing;
C, piston ring treatment step:
Piston ring is being lower than under 300 ℃ of operating conditions, adopt the low-temperature plasma chemical vapour deposition technique, the piston ring superficial growth go out one deck 30～50um can take place two between the micro crystal of diffusion and network structure and the metal-ceramic laminated film deposited, promptly get Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring of the present invention after the processing;
D, wrist pin treatment step:
Wrist pin is carried out re carburizing handle, promptly get re carburizing wrist pin of the present invention after the processing;
After being handled, four component promptly get without grinding four composite unit of the present invention through above-mentioned.
2, according to the manufacturing process of the internal-combustion engine friction pair without grinding four composite unit described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that: above-mentioned laser hardening cylinder sleeve, when adapted surface graphite spraying piston, Ceramics P-CDV Piston Ring, the assembly of re carburizing wrist pin, its cylinder prepareding gap 0.12 〉=gap 〉=0.07mm, join the cylinder piston weight poor≤10g.
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103084315A (en) * | 2011-10-30 | 2013-05-08 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Graphite paste spray material of anode steel claw and spraying method of graphite paste sprayer |
| CN104653323B (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2018-08-21 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | A kind of car cylinder jacket |
| CN107502939B (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2020-12-01 | 阜阳市鼎铭汽车配件制造有限公司 | Wear-resistant bearing rolling body |
| CN107725206A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-02-23 | 中原内配集团股份有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of engine cylinder-body, dry liner and dry liner |
| CN113477487A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-10-08 | 江苏永航轨道交通科技有限公司 | High-bonding-strength graphite coating process for piston processing |
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| CN86107788A (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-05-25 | 贺齐胜 | The technological method of plating solid lubricant film on internal combustion engine |
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| JPS6158950A (en) * | 1984-08-29 | 1986-03-26 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | Cylinder block of internal-combustion engine |
| CN86100097A (en) * | 1986-01-04 | 1987-07-15 | 山东省交通厅青岛发动机厂 | Laser heat treatment process for high-speed diesel engine cylinder hole |
| CN86107788A (en) * | 1986-11-11 | 1988-05-25 | 贺齐胜 | The technological method of plating solid lubricant film on internal combustion engine |
| CN2280159Y (en) * | 1997-03-26 | 1998-04-29 | 朱纪伍 | Metal ceramic composition thin film engine |
| CN2299067Y (en) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-12-02 | 朱法义 | I. C. Engine piston pin rare-earth gasification direct quenching appts. |
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