CN100334533C - Resistance contactive controlling panel with voltage compensation - Google Patents
Resistance contactive controlling panel with voltage compensation Download PDFInfo
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- CN100334533C CN100334533C CNB031536425A CN03153642A CN100334533C CN 100334533 C CN100334533 C CN 100334533C CN B031536425 A CNB031536425 A CN B031536425A CN 03153642 A CN03153642 A CN 03153642A CN 100334533 C CN100334533 C CN 100334533C
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- compensation
- control panel
- section
- electric resistance
- resistive
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a resistance touch-sensitive panel with a voltage compensation function, which comprises a rectangular base, a uniform resistive surface, a plurality of resistance components, a plurality of compensation components, a contact thin film and a plurality of insulative substances, wherein the uniform resistive surface is averagely applied to the rectangular base; the resistance components form the edges of the circumference of the uniform resistive surface, and thus, when voltage is applied outside, a rectangular electrical field can be generated inwards; the compensation components form the edges of the circumference of the uniform resistive surface at intervals; the dimension of each of the compensation components is directly proportional to the edge distance of the uniform resistive surface; the mutual intervals are inversely proportional to the edge distance of the uniform resistive surface, and thus, retraction equipotential lines generated by the rectangular electrical field are compensated; the contact thin film faces the lower surface of the uniform resistive surface, and conductive substances are applied to the contact thin film; the insulative substances are averagely distributed between the uniform resistive surface and the contact thin film.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of touch panel, propose a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel especially with voltage compensation.
Background technology
When flat-panel screens replaces traditional monitor gradually, touch panel is also because of the characteristic of its convenient input and the lifting of process technique, and then be widely used in the display system of every field, for example: PDA, dull and stereotyped PC (Tablet PC), cash machine (ATM), public's inquiry system (kiosk) etc.The impedance meeting of resistive device is directly proportional with the distance of face plate edge around its edge of traditional electric resistance touch-control panel, make that the resistance value of the frame both sides resistance value middle than frame is little, and then cause the magnitude of voltage in the middle of the panel border lower than the magnitude of voltage of frame both sides, form the voltage isobar (equipotential line) that depression is arranged in the middle of.The voltage isobar of these depressions will cause position that contact panel responds to and actual position deviation to some extent, and thereby reduces the scope of its active region (active region).
As shown in Figure 1, for the compensation assembly in the Prior Art when the impressed voltage, influence the isobaric synoptic diagram of voltage of direction in parallel.Resistive device R
hBe connected in series to the centre by the both sides, so its resistance value also increases progressively to the centre by the both sides, at no any compensation assembly e
a, e
bAnd when both sides add 5V voltage simultaneously, then can produce voltage isobar as dotted line 110.And compensation assembly e
a, e
bBy adjusting resistive device R
hThe overall impedance value to reach the purpose of bucking voltage, basically, compensation assembly e
aWidth greater than compensation assembly e
bWidth, so, compensation assembly e
aExtend the impedance of X length less than compensation assembly e to the constant resistance surface
bExtend the impedance of X length to the constant resistance surface.That is to say, add the compensation of high impedance in the low place of both sides impedance; And add low-impedance compensation in the high place of medium impedance, thus, on average each section is because of the resistive device R of polyphone varying number
hThe resistance value difference that is caused becomes voltage isobar 120 to revise voltage isobar 110.Yet it is bigger to reach the required X of voltage isobar 120, and has still between each compensation assembly slightly that the situation of depression produces, and therefore still needs to extend X ' length to reach the level of voltage isobar 120 ' to the constant resistance surface again.
And for example shown in Figure 2, for when compensation assembly during, influence the isobaric synoptic diagram of voltage of perpendicular direction at impressed voltage.The 5V voltage that adds is at resistive device R
vLast can the reduction along with the increase of impedance, and then form the voltage isobar 210 of a plurality of different potentials.Yet these voltage isobars 210 are near compensation assembly e
c, e
dThe edge time, can be subjected to compensation assembly e
c, e
dAttraction and produce the phenomenon of curved edge, this phenomenon similarly causes the indicated position of contact panel and actual position deviation to some extent, and thereby reduces the scope of its active region.
The shortcoming of comprehensive above-described electric resistance touch-control panel, having in fact needs new modification method of sustainable development and device to overcome the every disappearance in the Prior Art.The present invention just provides method and the device that solves above-mentioned every disappearance.
Summary of the invention
In above-mentioned background of invention, the electric resistance touch-control panel in the known skill has problems such as voltage isobar undercompensation, edge indicating positions deviation and active region are too little.The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation, improve all shortcoming in the known skill thus.
One of purpose of the present invention is, a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation is provided, by the compensation assembly at its edge, and the voltage isobar of linear improvement contact panel depression.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation, by improveing the structure and the layout of compensation assembly, the scope of increase contact panel operating space.
Another purpose again of the present invention is to provide a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation, by using the high impedance material, the sensitivity between increase contact panel induction short distance.
According to above-described purpose, the invention provides a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation, comprise: rectangular base; Constant resistance surface (uniform resistive surface) is on average coated on this rectangular base; A plurality of resistive device are formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces, thus, can inwardly produce a rectangle electric field (electricalfield) when impressed voltage; A plurality of compensation assemblies, the compartment of terrain is formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces, wherein, the size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies is directly proportional with the Edge Distance on constant resistance surface, and interval to each other is inversely proportional to the Edge Distance on constant resistance surface, that is to say, the size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies is less shape on the both sides on constant resistance surface, in the centre on constant resistance surface then is bigger shape, and interval to each other is the spacing of broad on the both sides on constant resistance surface, in the centre on constant resistance surface then is narrower spacing, thus, and the isobar (equipotential lines) that contracts in compensating that above-mentioned rectangle electric field produced; Press film, its lower surface towards the constant resistance surface has the conductive materials coating; And a plurality of megohmite insulants, be distributed in constant resistance surface fifty-fifty and press between the film.
This rectangular base layer is a glass substrate.
The material of these resistive surfaces comprises tin indium oxide (indium-tin oxide; ITO).
The material of these a plurality of resistive device is a low-temperature silver slurry (silver paste).
The size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies comprises following calculation procedure with distance each other:
LCn＝((n*((DA/LA)*RG+RL)*C)/DB)-LC0，
Wherein, n represents to be calculated is compensated for as for which section, LCn represents n section compensation width (unit: inch), DA represents silver slurry (silver paste) line-spacing (unit: inch) of every section, LA represents every section silver slurry line and ITO contact length (unit: inch), RG represents the face resistance (unit: ohm) of glass, RL represents every section silver slurry line resistance (unit: ohm), C representation unit correction constant, about 45.3, DB represents that (unit: inch), LC0 represents the 0th section compensation width to silver slurry pattern (pattern) distance, is a known numeric value (unit: inch).
This presses film is a transparent elastomer thin film.
This lower surface coating material that presses film comprises tin indium oxide (indium-tin oxide; ITO).
These a plurality of megohmite insulants form a some lattice sheet (dot spacer) that struts the space in order to separate these resistive surfaces and this presses film.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 are influenced synoptic diagram for compensation assembly in the known skill to what the voltage isobar caused;
Fig. 3 A is the synoptic diagram that compensation assembly compensates resistive device in the known skill;
Fig. 3 B is the compensation assembly synoptic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A, 4B are the synoptic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention to voltage isobar improvement among Fig. 1, Fig. 2;
Fig. 5 A is a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 B is the cross sectional side view of Fig. 5 A.
[major part conventional letter]
110,120,120 ', 210,410～440,420 ' voltage isobar
401～403,402 ', e
a～e
d, R
0～R
2Compensation assembly
404,404 ' resistive device
510 rectangular base layers
520 constant resistance surfaces
530 resistive device
540 compensation assemblies
540 ' the constant resistance surf zone that removes
550 press film
The coating of 560 conductive materials
570 megohmite insulants
R
h, R
vResistive device
Embodiment
Some embodiments of the present invention can be described in detail as follows.Yet except describing in detail, the present invention can also be widely implements at other embodiment, and scope of the present invention do not limited, its with after claim be as the criterion.
And for clearer description being provided and being more readily understood the present invention, each several part is not drawn according to its relative size in the icon, and the ratio of some size and other scale dependent is exaggerated; Incoherent detail section is not drawn fully yet, succinct in the hope of icon.
As shown in Figure 3A, compensation assembly R
0～R
2By adjusting resistive device R
hThe overall impedance value to reach the purpose of bucking voltage, basically, compensation assembly R
0Impedance＞R
1Impedance＞R
2Impedance.That is to say, add the compensation of high impedance in the low place of both sides impedance; And add low-impedance compensation in the high place of medium impedance, thus, on average each section is because of the resistive device R of polyphone varying number
hThe resistance value difference that is caused.Shown in Fig. 3 B, be the structural representation of the compensation assembly of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.Compensation assembly R
0～R
2Basically be to be formed at tin indium oxide (indium-tin oxide in etched mode; ITO) on the glass substrate that is coated with, under the identical situation of height h, compensation assembly R
2Width＞R
1Width＞R
0Width, be inversely proportional to based on the width of resistance value and lead, so R
2Impedance＜R
1Impedance＜R
0Impedance, reach the purpose of above-mentioned average each section resistive device resistance value thus.Wherein, compensation assembly R
0～R
2Shape be rectangular configuration (but being not) in the present embodiment in order to limit the shape and structure of compensation assembly of the present invention, and its size and each other distance relation are shown in following formula 1:
LCn=((n* ((DA/LA) * RG+RL) * C)/DB)-LC0...... (formula 1)
In above-mentioned formula 1,
N represents to be calculated is compensated for as for which section;
LCn represents n section compensation width (unit: inch);
DA represents silver slurry (silver paste) line-spacing (unit: inch) of every section;
LA represents every section silver slurry line and ITO contact length (unit: inch);
RG represents the face resistance (unit: ohm) of glass;
RL represents every section silver slurry line resistance (unit: ohm);
C representation unit correction constant, about 45.3 (the face resistance with glass is slightly variant);
DB represents silver slurry pattern (pattern) distance (unit: inch);
LC0 represents the 0th section compensation width, is a known numeric value (unit: inch).
For example: when being compensated for as 30 (0.03 inches) for the 0th section, then the 5th section is compensated for as 480 (0.48 inches).Its computation process such as following formula 2:
LC5=((5* ((0.02/0.73) * 500+2.5) * 45.3)/7.19)-30=480...... (formula 2)
Above-described every data only are the preferred values of present embodiment, and these numerical value can be done correction to reach best compensation effect according to the actual material difference of using.
In the present embodiment, compensation assembly R
0～R
2Because of forming in etched mode, so resistance to each other differs greatly,, and omitted lead-in wire (lead) space that connects compensation assembly in the Prior Art so required height h is short than the X length in the Prior Art, therefore strengthened the scope of panel active region.In addition, present embodiment can be starched (silver paste) material as resistive device by low-temperature silver, high-impedance behavior (its resistance value is about 10 times of high temperature silver slurry) based on the low-temperature silver slurry, even therefore in small spacing, also can produce enough voltage differences for induction, improve the sensitivity between contact panel induction short distance thus, improve the phenomenon of curved edge shown in Figure 2 in the Prior Art.
Shown in Fig. 4 A, for the compensation assembly of present embodiment to the isobaric compensation synoptic diagram of the voltage of direction in parallel.The correction-compensation that dotted line 410 is done resistive device 404,404 ' the voltage isobar that produces for the compensation assembly (not drawing) in the Prior Art, and the correction-compensation that solid line 420 is done the voltage isobar for the compensation assembly 401,402,402 ' (being formed on the constant resistance surface with etching mode) of present embodiment.Difference between the two is the edge of voltage isobar 420 than voltage isobar 410 more close panels, and just above-mentioned said the minimizing connects the lead-in wire space and the length that extends internally of compensation assembly, and then increased the scope of panel active region.In addition, the linearity of voltage isobar 420 is also more straight than voltage isobar 410, because in the middle of compensation assembly 401,402, go up the run business into particular one voltage compensation of portion of compensation assembly 403 more, so only need the length Y littler promptly can obtain the voltage isobar 420 ' of near linear more than the X ' in the Prior Art, therefore, present embodiment has been improved the isobaric depression situation of voltage shown in above-mentioned Fig. 1, makes it more tend to linearization, and then has strengthened the scope of panel active region.In like manner, shown in Fig. 4 B, be the compensation assembly of present embodiment synoptic diagram to the voltage isobar influence of perpendicular direction.Solid line 404,404 ' is the synoptic diagram of resistive device at this.Dotted line 430 for the compensation assembly (not drawing) in the Prior Art to the isobaric influence of voltage, and solid line 440 for the compensation assembly 401,402,402 ', 403 (being formed on the constant resistance surface) of present embodiment with etching mode to the isobaric influence of voltage.See through and use the influence of low-temperature silver slurry voltage difference that high-impedance behavior produces, and compensation assembly 401,402,402 ', 403 equidistant placing on 404,404 ' two resistive device are reached equal component voltage effect, voltage isobar 430 is modified to voltage isobar 440, improve the bending status at the two ends of voltage isobar shown in above-mentioned Fig. 2 thus, make it more tend to linearization.
Fig. 5 A is the structural representation of the electric resistance touch-control panel of a kind of tool voltage compensation of the present invention, and Fig. 5 B is the cross sectional side view of the electric resistance touch-control panel of Fig. 5 A.With reference to Fig. 5 A and Fig. 5 B, comprise rectangular base 510 at least according to the electric resistance touch-control panel of a kind of tool voltage compensation of the present invention, constant resistance surface 520, a plurality of resistive device 530, a plurality of compensation assemblies 540 and one press film 550.Rectangular base 510 is essentially the glass substrate of a rectangular shape, also can be soft transparent tellite.Constant resistance surface 520 is on average coated on the rectangular base 510, and wherein Tu Bu material is tin indium oxide (indium-tin oxide in present embodiment; ITO).A plurality of resistive device 530 are formed at the edge on constant resistance surface 520, thus, can inwardly produce a rectangle electric field when impressed voltage.Wherein, resistive device 530 is as its material with low-temperature silver slurry (silver paste), and based on the high-impedance behavior (its resistance value is about 10 times of high temperature silver slurry) of low-temperature silver slurry, even the contact panel that can make also can produce enough voltage differences for detecting induction in small spacing.
A plurality of compensation assemblies 540, the compartment of terrain is formed at the edge on constant resistance surface 520, wherein, the size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies 540 is directly proportional with the Edge Distance on constant resistance surface 520, and interval to each other is inversely proportional to the Edge Distance on constant resistance surface 520, that is to say, the size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies is less shape on the both sides on constant resistance surface, in the centre on constant resistance surface then is bigger shape, and interval to each other is the spacing of broad on the both sides on constant resistance surface, in the centre on constant resistance surface then is narrower spacing, thus, compensates the voltage isobar that above-mentioned rectangle electric field is produced.Details are as follows with distance relation each other for the size of above-mentioned a plurality of compensation assemblies 540: and LCn=((n* ((DA/LA) * RG+RL) * C)/DB)-LC0, wherein, n represents to be calculated is compensated for as for which section; LCn represents n section compensation width (unit: inch); DA represents silver slurry (silverpaste) line-spacing (unit: inch) of every section; LA represents every section silver slurry line and ITO contact length (unit: inch); RG represents the face resistance (unit: ohm) of glass; RL represents every section silver slurry line resistance (unit: ohm); C representation unit correction constant, about 45.3; DB represents silver slurry pattern (pattern) distance (unit: inch); And LC0 represents the 0th section compensation width, is a known numeric value (unit: inch).In addition, the material of above-mentioned a plurality of compensation assemblies 540 is substantially the same with the material on constant resistance surface 520, is to remove the constant resistance surface in zone 540 ' and form this a plurality of compensation assemblies 540 in 520 etching processes of constant resistance surface.
One presses film 550, and its lower surface towards constant resistance surface 520 has conductive materials 560 coatings, and wherein, this presses film 550 and can be a transparent elastomer thin film, and coating of conductive materials is tin indium oxide (ITO) in the present embodiment.A plurality of megohmite insulants 570, be distributed in constant resistance surface 520 fifty-fifty and press between the film 550, form a some lattice sheet (dot spacer) that struts the space in order to separate constant resistance surface 520 and to press film 550, thus to prevent accident contact between the two.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not in order to limit claim of the present invention; All other changes for the equivalence of being finished under the disclosed spirit of disengaging or modifies, and all should be included in above-mentioned claim.
Claims (13)
1, a kind of electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation is characterized in that, this electric resistance touch-control panel includes:
Rectangular base;
The constant resistance surface is on average coated on this rectangular base;
Several resistive device are formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces, thus, inwardly produce a rectangle electric field when impressed voltage;
Several compensation assemblies, be formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces with etched mode compartment of terrain, wherein, the size of these several compensation assemblies is directly proportional with the Edge Distance of these resistive surfaces, and interval to each other is inversely proportional to the Edge Distance of these resistive surfaces, thus, compensate the isobar that this rectangle electric field is produced;
Press film, its lower surface towards these resistive surfaces has the conductive materials coating;
Megohmite insulant is distributed in these resistive surfaces fifty-fifty and this presses between the film.
2, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this rectangular base layer is a glass substrate.
3, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of these resistive surfaces comprises tin indium oxide.
4, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of these several resistive device is the low-temperature silver slurry.
5, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the size of these several compensation assemblies comprises following calculation procedure with distance each other:
LCn＝((n*((DA/LA)*RG+RL)*C)/DB)-LC0，
Wherein, n represents to be calculated is compensated for as for which section, and LCn represents n section compensation width, and DA represents every section silver slurry line-spacing, LA represents every section silver slurry line and ITO contact length, RG represents the face resistance of glass, and RL represents every section silver slurry line resistance, C representation unit correction constant, about 45.3, DB represents silver slurry pattern distance, and LC0 represents the 0th section compensation width, is a known numeric value.
6, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this presses film is a transparent elastomer thin film.
7, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: this lower surface coating material that presses film comprises tin indium oxide.
8, the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: these several megohmite insulants form a some lattice sheet that struts the space in order to separate these resistive surfaces and this presses film.
9, a kind of constant resistance surface that is used for the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation, it is characterized in that: these resistive surfaces include:
The constant resistance surface;
Several resistive device are formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces, thus, inwardly produce a rectangle electric field when impressed voltage;
Several compensation assemblies, be formed at the edge of these resistive surfaces with etched mode compartment of terrain, wherein, the size of these a plurality of compensation assemblies is directly proportional with the Edge Distance of these resistive surfaces, and interval to each other is inversely proportional to the Edge Distance of these resistive surfaces, thus, compensate the isobar that this rectangle electric field is produced.
10, the constant resistance surface that is used for the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: this material comprises tin indium oxide.
11, the constant resistance surface that is used for the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the material of these several resistive device is the low-temperature silver slurry.
12, the constant resistance surface that is used for the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: the material of these several compensation assemblies is identical with the material of these resistive surfaces.
13, the constant resistance surface that is used for the electric resistance touch-control panel of tool voltage compensation as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that: the size of these several compensation assemblies comprises following calculation procedure with distance each other:
LCn＝((n*((DA/LA)*RG+RL)*C)/DB)-LC0，
Wherein, n represents to be calculated is compensated for as for which section, and LCn represents n section compensation width, and DA represents every section silver slurry line-spacing, LA represents every section silver slurry line and ITO contact length, RG represents the face resistance of glass, and RL represents every section silver slurry line resistance, C representation unit correction constant, about 45.3, DB represents silver slurry pattern distance, and LC0 represents the 0th section compensation width, is a known numeric value.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031536425A CN100334533C (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2003-08-19 | Resistance contactive controlling panel with voltage compensation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031536425A CN100334533C (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2003-08-19 | Resistance contactive controlling panel with voltage compensation |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1584922A CN1584922A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
| CN100334533C true CN100334533C (en) | 2007-08-29 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB031536425A Expired - Fee Related CN100334533C (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2003-08-19 | Resistance contactive controlling panel with voltage compensation |
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| CN (1) | CN100334533C (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101763187B (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2012-08-22 | 万达光电科技股份有限公司 | Touch panel with parallel electrode structure |
| CN101950231B (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2012-10-24 | 群康科技(深圳)有限公司 | Method for detecting touching position for touch device |
| CN102169377A (en) * | 2010-02-26 | 2011-08-31 | 胜华科技股份有限公司 | Matrix type touch panel and designing method thereof |
| JP5202578B2 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2013-06-05 | 日本写真印刷株式会社 | Information detector including pressure detector and pressure detector |
| CN102654813A (en) * | 2011-03-04 | 2012-09-05 | 联胜（中国）科技有限公司 | Resistance touch control device and compensating voltage measuring method |
| TWI459267B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-11-01 | Shih Hua Technology Ltd | Method for detecting touch spot of touch panel |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4797514A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1989-01-10 | Elographics, Inc. | Touch sensitive device with increased linearity |
| US4822957A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1989-04-18 | Elographics, Inc. | Electrographic touch sensor having reduced bow of equipotential field lines therein |
| US6549193B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-04-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Touch panel with improved linear response and minimal border width electrode pattern |
-
2003
- 2003-08-19 CN CNB031536425A patent/CN100334533C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4822957A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1989-04-18 | Elographics, Inc. | Electrographic touch sensor having reduced bow of equipotential field lines therein |
| US4822957B1 (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1996-11-19 | Elographics Inc | Electrographic touch sensor having reduced bow of equipotential field lines therein |
| US4797514A (en) * | 1986-06-09 | 1989-01-10 | Elographics, Inc. | Touch sensitive device with increased linearity |
| US6549193B1 (en) * | 1998-10-09 | 2003-04-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Touch panel with improved linear response and minimal border width electrode pattern |
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|---|---|
| CN1584922A (en) | 2005-02-23 |
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