CH716382A2 - Portable instrument for managing a sports or well-being activity. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a portable instrument, such as a wristwatch, provided with a device for controlling (10) or managing a sports activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument. The control device (10) comprises at least one movement sensor (13) and one pressure sensor (14) connected to a calculation unit (15), and a GNSS receiver module (11) connected to the calculation unit. The calculation unit of the control device is arranged to activate the GNSS receiver module for a defined activation time following movement variations detected by the movement sensor deviating from known movement data or gait profiles in order to determining at least one reference speed of the person, and to deactivate the GNSS receiver module after the activation time for a deactivation time greater than the activation time.

Description

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to a portable instrument, such as a watch, provided with a control device or management of a sports activity or well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument in activity.

The invention also relates to a method for managing a sports activity or well-being by means of the portable instrument in function.

STATE OF THE ART

[0003] Walking speeds or gaits are among the most important parameters for characterizing people's daily mobility. For example in sports applications, speed can be used to assess athletes and thus prepare personalized training sessions, with the aim of improving the performance of each athlete and reducing the risk of injury. In medical applications, the speed is used to assess the health of a person, with the aim of helping doctors to establish a diagnosis, predict and prevent many diseases, such as cardiovascular pathologies or diabetes or overweight.

[0004] A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is a basic system widely used to measure, for example, a person's walking speed. Such a GNSS system is accurate and many portable instruments have been designed to incorporate such a transponder, the measurements of which can be used to calculate a person's walking speed even under real conditions. However, there are some places where the GNSS signal is weak or might even be lost due to lack of satellite coverage, such as inside tunnels, near tall buildings, in narrow valleys. In addition, a GNSS transponder consumes a lot of electrical energy. Therefore, it is preferable to use it sporadically rather than continuously to reduce the power consumption of the portable instrument that includes it.

[0005] Patent application WO 2018/106319 A1 describes a portable instrument, such as a mobile phone or a smart watch, for estimating a person's movement parameters in real time, such as speed or cadence. walking or running. The instrument includes a GNSS transponder with a Kalman filter to determine a first velocity derived from the person's GNSS positions, a second velocity derived from the Doppler shifts of the GNSS signals, and a user's observed step count. The instrument further includes motion detection units, which can provide velocity derived from GNSS positions and velocity derived from GNSS Doppler shifts. However, the use of the instrument's GNSS transponder is used for long periods of time to determine a person's walking speed or cadence, which leads to high power consumption and constitutes a disadvantage.

[0006] Patent application WO 2012/045484 A1 describes a GPS-calibrated pedometer system. The System can be worn by a person, such as a sports watch. The System includes a GNSS receiver designed to obtain the Position and/or speed of the person and a pedometer for counting the steps taken by the person. The data from the GNSS receiver is used to calibrate the pedometer whenever the user is determined to travel a distance greater than a predefined distance value during a period during which the signals obtained by the GNSS receiver are accurate. As for the preceding document, the GNSS receiver of the instrument is used for long periods of time to determine a person's walking speed or cadence, which leads to high electrical consumption and constitutes a disadvantage.

[0007] US Patent 7,245,2254 B1 describes an electronic exercise device for monitoring a person's activity or mobility. The electronic device continuously calculates the steps of the user using a GPS Position Determining Circuit and a Computer Instrument by performing an iterative calibration process. The device therefore comprises a GPS circuit, a pedometer, an accelerometer, a pulse control sensor and a temperature sensor. When GPS satellite signals are available, the GPS Circuit corrects the accumulated error of the pedometer and/or accelerometer. As with the previous documents, the GPS circuit of the instrument is used for long periods of time to continuously determine steps or physical parameters of the person, which leads to high power consumption and constitutes a disadvantage.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0008] The invention therefore aims to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above with a portable instrument provided with a device for controlling or managing a sporting activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument and reducing the operating time of a GNSS receiver module of the device in order to reduce power consumption while accurately determining the daily mobility of the person by the device.

[0009] To this end, the invention relates to a portable instrument provided with a device for controlling or managing a sports activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument, which comprises the characteristics of the independent claim 1.

[0010] Particular embodiments of the portable instrument are defined in dependent claims 2-9.

[0011] An advantage of the portable instrument provided with the control device resides in the fact that the GNSS receiver module needs to be activated for short periods of time to determine changes in cadence or a person's walking profile. This makes it possible to reduce the electrical consumption of the control device while calibrating the control device of the portable instrument for the person using it on a long-term basis. Thus the control device learns the daily mobility profile of the person to have a personalized calibration and in an auto-adaptive way by the calibration operation with the activation by short time periods of the GNSS receiver module to precisely determine the speed data in particular.

[0012] Advantageously, before a new activation of the GNSS receiver module, a deactivation time must be exceeded independently of the reception of new models or walking or gait profiles. To do this, the activation time of the GNSS receiver module is approximately 5 times less than the deactivation time of the GNSS receiver module.

[0013] To this end, the invention also relates to a method for managing a sports activity or the well-being of a person by means of the portable instrument, which comprises the characteristics mentioned in independent claim 10.

[0014] Particular steps of the method of managing a sports activity or a person's well-being are defined in the dependent claims 11 to 16.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0015] The aims, advantages and characteristics of a portable instrument or of a method for managing a sporting activity or a person's well-being will appear better in the following description on the basis of at least one form of non-limiting execution illustrated by the drawings on which:

- Figure 1 is a perspective view of a person wearing the portable instrument in the form of a wristwatch according to the invention,

- Figure 2 shows a simplified view of a person carrying the portable instrument, which comprises according to a variant of the embodiment three parts according to the invention,

- Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view of a path followed by a person equipped with the portable instrument during a walk or a run,

- Figure 4 represents a simplified block diagram of the electronic components of the device for controlling or managing a sporting activity or the well-being of a person, of the portable instrument according to the invention,

- Figure 5 represents different stages of a method for managing a sporting activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument according to the invention,

- Figure 6 shows a graph of a decrease in exponential probabilities for different values of ß for starting up the GNSS receiver module of the control device according to the invention,

- Figure 7 represents a comparative diagram of the results of the GNSS Strategy for a person over time with on the one hand the GPS receiver module permanently active and on the other hand the GPS receiver module partially active following changes in walking profile of the person, and

- Figure 8 represents a comparative diagram of the relative speed error as a function of the percentage of people using the personalized portable instrument with on the one hand the permanently active GPS receiver module and on the other hand the partially active GPS receiver module ä changes in people's walking profile.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0016] In the following description, all the electronic components of a portable instrument, which is provided with a device for monitoring a sporting activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument, which are well known to a person skilled in the art in this technical field, are only described in a simplified manner. It should be noted that it is sought to manage a sporting activity or a person's well-being, that is to say travel on foot. It must be understood that by defining only a walk or gait of the person, this also includes running for example.

[0017] Figure 1 represents a person 1 in a standing position with his feet in contact with the ground. Person 1 wears a portable instrument 3, which in this embodiment is a wristwatch which he wears on his left wrist 2 for example. The wristwatch 3 is provided with a device for controlling or managing a sporting or well-being activity explained below. The smartwatch 3 is configured by its control device to monitor the activity and deduce various parameters of the person 1 while he moves on foot (i.e. running or walking) on a trajectory 4, of which the altitude or slope variations are deliberately exaggerated as shown in FIG. 3. at least one pressure sensor, such as a barometer or altimeter to determine the altitude or the slope during a walk or run on a trajectory 4 or path in nature or in an urban area.

In Figure 2 according to one variant of execution, the person 1 wears a portable instrument 3, which can be composed of three parts 3 ', 3 ", 3" 'not directly connected mechanically, but connected electrically or wirelessly . These three parts include all the components of the control device. In a first part 3 'of the portable instrument 3, which is fixed for example to the left wrist 2 of the person 1 in the form of a bracelet or a wristwatch, there is provided at least a first sensor of the control device. This first part 3' can comprise a calculation unit for the processing of all the data or measurements of the three parts of the portable instrument 3. This first sensor can be a motion sensor with at least one accelerometer, for example with three axes of measure. The motion sensor can also be a 9-axis inertial motion sensor having a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial gyroscope and a triaxial magnetic sensor. In a second part 3" of the portable instrument 3, which is fixed for example to the right wrist of the person 1 in the form of a bracelet, there is provided at least a second sensor of the control device. This second sensor can be a pressure sensor, such as an altimeter or barometer. Finally in a third part 3'" of the portable instrument 3, which is mounted on the head of the person 1 in a headband or a helmet, provision is made for the GNSS receiver module, which is used as a reference method.

[0019] It should be noted that the motion sensor can also be a 10-axis inertial sensor with a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial magnetic sensor, and a barometer to determine local coordinates and the slope of the path taken by the person 1. In addition, the placement of a 10-axis inertial sensor at each foot would make it possible to have a simpler and more precise measurement of the number of steps and the walking or running cadence of the person wearing the instrument portable. The placement of the reference GNSS receiver module on the head is the best position not to be dependent on the movement of the arms or legs.

[0020] FIG. 4 represents more precisely the various electronic components of the device 10 for controlling or managing a sporting activity or the well-being of a person of the portable instrument according to the invention. The control device 10 comprises at least one motion sensor 13 connected to a calculation unit 15, which may be a microcontroller clocked by an integrated oscillator, not shown. The control device 10 also comprises a GNSS receiver module 11 controlled by the calculation unit 15 to activate or deactivate it. The control device 10 may further comprise a pressure sensor 14, which is a barometer or an altimeter, connected to the calculation unit 15, and at least one memory 16 connected to the calculation unit 15, such that a non-volatile memory 16 capable of memorizing various measurements made by the sensor(s) 13, 14 or measurements received by GPS signals from visible satellites 22 by an antenna 12 linked to the GNSS receiver module 11. The control device 10 is generally powered by a battery not shown of the portable instrument for its operation.

The calculation unit 15, which is preferably a microcontroller, can comprise in addition to the oscillator a first counter to determine an activation time of the GNSS receiver module 11 and a second counter to determine a deactivation time. of the GNSS receiver module 11. A first switching threshold is provided in connection with the first counter and a second switching threshold is provided in connection with the second counter as explained below with reference to the management method in FIG. and the deactivation time determined in the calculation unit 15 or microcontroller can be defined by means other than a time counter.

[0022] The calculation unit 15, such as the microcontroller, may have stored a calculation algorithm for estimating the speed or cadence of the person's movement. Provision can also be made to store the algorithm in the non-volatile memory 16. This algorithm incorporated here by reference was presented by Mr. Abolfazl Soltani, et al. in the article titled „Real-world gait speed estimation using wrist sensor: A personalized approach.", and presented in IEEE Journal of biomedical and Health informatics (2019). Speed data is therefore preferably collected and stored in non-memory memory. volatile memory 16 or a volatile memory to characterize walking or running styles or profiles of a person in daily life using signals from satellites 22 and signals from sensors 13, 14. It is thus possible to define a personalized model in the purpose of activating the GNSS receiver module 11 only during variations of movement or pressure deviating from the variations already known previously and memorized.This makes it possible to reduce the general consumption of the control device 10 as it is powered by a small battery.

[0023] To better understand the operation of the control device, reference is now made to the method for managing a sports activity or the well-being of a person wearing the portable instrument with reference to FIG. According to the present invention, the proposed GNSS strategy is to activate the GNSS receiver module each time there are new walking or gait patterns or profiles of a person during daily life. In Figure 5, described below, the diagram of the different stages of the proposed GNSS intelligent strategy is represented. In this case, the control device comprises both the motion sensor and the pressure sensor, but as a general rule at least the motion sensor is necessary.

[0024] FIFO Buffer Interrupt 50: In this step, the Smart Strategy waits for a FIFO buffer interrupt indicating the presence of new samples due to motion variations of a gait profile not yet stored. This FIFO buffer memory can be part of the memory for recording speed data and different running or gait profiles.

[0025] Feature extraction 51: The proposed algorithm uses in this example a 3D three-dimensional accelerometer and a barometric pressure sensor to provide a 3D accelerometer signal (A(t)) and a pressure signal (P(t) ). Signals are Segmented every second using a 6 second moving window with an overlap

5 seconds to provide a Segmented Acceleration (A[n]) and Pressure Signal (P[n]), where n indicates the window number. Sx[n], Sy[n] and Sz[n] have been designated as segmented accelerations along the three measurement axes of the accelerometer.

[0026] As regards the windows moving every second, these are successive moving windows over time, each lasting 6 seconds and overlapping by 5 seconds each with a successive window. Thus the different successive windows are shifted by 1 second each time. The timing of these mobile measurement windows is obtained through the intermediary of the microcontroller oscillator and a series of dividers if necessary. With these measurement windows, it is possible to detect the immobility of the person, an uncertainty on the variations of movement or the mobility of the person. The mobility or displacement of the person is a necessary but not sufficient parameter for the direct control of the activation of the GNSS receiver module.

[0027] When new data from the motion sensor, such as the accelerometer, and the pressure sensor, such as the barometer, becomes available, two characteristics are extracted according to equations (1) and (2) below. These characteristics are specifically chosen because they allow grouping of different gait patterns or profiles and their inherent characteristics (e.g., fast/slow running, uphill/downhill, etc.). A 6 second window with a 5 second overlap with other successive windows is used for feature extraction.

(1)

g=i(i-r)-(Hn]-P[n])

- D2 5

StC^SylXl)

FJn] =

F2[n] =

(2)

where q is the number of samples in window number n, Fs is the sampling frequency (500 Hz in this case), and p'[n] is the ith sample of the pressure vector in window number n . In addition, P[n] and I are calculated based on equations (3) and (4). Std means Standard Deviation where Sy[n] is an acceleration value recorded on the y-axis of the sensor. Moreover, S y[n] is the i-th sample of vector Sy[n],

q

P[n] — Pl[n] (3)

"hi

r = (4)

[0028] Classification of walking patterns or profiles 52: The walking or running or cadence pattern or profile is defined based on a value of F1 and F2 in a histogram fable not shown. At this stage, the goal is to decide whether the sensor data contains new information for training on the velocity model or not. To this end, a histogram fable is constructed where each column is related to F1 and each row is related to F2. The selected margin (RF1) and the resolution (dF1) for F1 are defined for example with RF1 = [-0.07 ä+0.07] and dF1 = 0.035. Similarly, the margin (RF2) and the resolution (dF2) for F2 are defined for example with RF2 = [0 to 5] and dF2 = 0.5. In this case, the space created by <F1, F2> contains 55 cells used to group each pattern or gait profile as well as each cell in the histogram fable shows the number of occurrences of the adaptation data in the cell .

[0029] Finally, using equation (5), the number of occurrences is translated into a probability value indicating the probability of the GNSS receiver module starting up if a new sample is within the margin of one of these cells. sensor records.

Pt = 2 yß)

(5)

where Ni is the number of occurrences in each cell and ß is the number of times a Situation must occur to reach half the value of the exponential curve as shown in Figure 6. Curve d is for ß equals ä 10. Curve c2 is for ß equal to 25. Curve c3 is for ß equal to 50. Curve c4 is for ß equal to 100. Curve

c5 is for ß equal to 250. At the beginning of the personalization, the histogram table is filled with zeros and all the probabilities are equal to 1.

[0030] Checking the state of the GNSS 53: at this stage, the state of the GNSS receiver module (ON/OFF) is analyzed to find the correct line of execution in the algorithm.

[0031] Histogram update 54: If the GNSS receiver module is already ON, the histogram table containing the number of occurrences of each pattern or walking profile is updated.

[0032] TOn> min TOn? 55: Each time the algorithm detects that the GNSS receiver module is ON, the corresponding counter (TOn), which is part of the calculation unit or microcontroller, is compared to a threshold (min TOn). TOn contains the number of consecutive times (expressed in seconds) that the GNSS receiver module is used. The min threshold TOn prevents the GNSS receiver module from changing its state too frequently, as this would cause unstable behavior and higher current consumption. It is important to consider that the time that elapses between the moment when the voltage is supplied to the control device with the GNSS receiver module and the measurements of the useful GNNS receiver module are satisfied, can increase by several seconds. In the field of GNSS, this time is known as TTFF („Time To First Fix" in English terminology) and its value can change greatly depending on the initial state of the receiver and the environmental conditions. The state of the GNSS receiver module will have certain restrictions on the minimum amount of times the GNSS receiver module must remain in the same state. These restrictions are governed by the value of the min threshold TOn, which can be for example fixed at 2 minutes, which is the activation time of the GNSS receiver module.

Ton ++ 56: if the threshold condition is not met or the GNSS receiver module remains in the same state after the execution of the decision to switch the GNSS receiver module, the counter TOn is incremented.

[0034] Tqff > min TOff? 57: each time the algorithm detects that the GNSS receiver module is OFF, the corresponding counter (Tqff), which is part of the calculation unit or microcontroller, is compared to a threshold (min TOff) - ToFF contains the quantity of consecutive times (expressed in seconds) that the GNSS receiver module is not used. The same restrictions to avoid the too rapid change of state of the GNSS receiver module is governed by the value of the threshold min Tqff, which can be for example fixed at 10 minutes. This threshold value (deactivation time) can also be defined greater to take account of already known and memorized gait profiles, and given that at least a shorter GNSS receiver module activation time is provided, for example at least 5 times smaller, in order to be able at least to determine precisely by the active GNSS receiver module a distance, a position or preferably a speed in a personal calibration Operation of the control device.

[0035] TOff++58: if the threshold condition is not exceeded or the GNSS receiver module remains in the same state after the execution of the decision to switch the GNSS receiver module, the counter Tqff is incremented.

[0036] GNSS receiver module switching decision 59, 60: Based on the probability using equation (5), an ON decision is made whether the change of state of the GNSS receiver module is executed or not. For example, if the GNSS receiver module is OFF and the probability of switching ON is 75%, a random probability value within the range [0 to 100] is generated for example using a normal distribution. Later, if the randomly generated probability is smaller than the switching ON probability ie 75%, a decision to switch ON the GNSS receiver module is generated. This makes sense as higher probabilities are expected when new situations arise and so the generated random probability is unlikely to have a greater value. Similarly, if the GNSS receiver module is ON and the probability of switching OFF is 75%, the GNSS receiver module would be deactivated (OFF) only if the random probability generated is greater than 75% in this case. Again this makes sense as low probabilities are expected if the GNSS receiver module is ON as situations are already trained so the generated random probability is unlikely to have a smaller value.

[0037] Enable GNSS (ON)? 61: If the GNSS receiver module is OFF, the decision to switch the GNSS receiver module is controlled to switch it ON.

[0038] Disable GNSS (OFF)? 62: If the GNSS receiver module is ON, the decision to switch the GNSS receiver module is controlled to switch it OFF.

[0039] Set to zero TOn, Tqff63: If the switching decision of the GNSS receiver module is affirmative, the counters Ton, Tqff are reset to zero and the algorithm will start waiting again for a FIFO buffer interrupt at the step 50.

[0040] As results for analyzing the performance of the intelligent strategy of the GNSS receiver module, it is focused on the following parameters:

[0041] Level of convergence: The RLS („Recursive Least Square" in English terminology) algorithm is used to build a personalized speed estimation model. The level of convergence or “learning process” can be studied by looking at least the first element in the diagonal of the sample covariance matrix. We look at this value to study the convergence of the velocity estimation model compared to the case where the samples of the GNSS receiver module are always used.

Claims (16)

Use of the GNSS receiver module: each time the GNSS receiver module is used, a counter is incremented in the microcontroller. This counter is used to monitor the amount of use of the GNSS receiver module required by the GNSS Smart Strategy and to study the feasibility and impact of reducing this time. Relative velocity error: The relative error for each estimated velocity sample is calculated using the following expression: ^ref vref Rel. SpeedError= • 100 (6) where v is the estimated speed and vref is the GNSS reference speed. [0042] Figure 7 illustrates the results of applying the GNSS Intelligent Strategy to one of the participants in a defined database M3. This database contains data from running situations only. Participants are unconstrained and wear the sensors during their normal running training and usual trajectory. This database is recorded in the control device worn on the wrist of participant 1 for example. [0043] As can be seen in figure 7, the GNSS receiver module of participant 1 is only used and active during 7.2% of the total duration, which is represented over approximately 36h, that is to say during 157.1833 minutes. . The different vertical lines com define the instants of activation of the GNSS receiver module of the present invention. Thus, the distance/speed measurement error of the Signal S1 of the GNSS receiver module active by time periods com is considered low and the Signal S1 is close to an SGPS Signal of a GNSS receiver module, which would be continuously active during all the duration of 36 hours. The graph represents more precisely the level of convergence of personalization (S1), which is expressed by the first element in the diagonal of the covariance matrix of the samples, and which is reasonably close in the case where the GNSS receiver module is always active ( SGPS). [0044] Finally in Figure 8, the relative error in the speed estimate for different people (percentage of people) is shown. To compare the performance of the GNSS Intelligent Strategy with the case where the GNSS receiver module is used all the time, the relative error is calculated using equation (6) for both situations. Indeed, when the GNSS receiver module is still in use, the relative error includes only the tracking error of the RLS algorithm when trying to follow the speed reference. On the other hand, when the GNSS Smart Strategy is applied, the relative error also includes the error added by the velocity estimation model when the training process is interrupted. Figure 8 shows the results for different people when the GNSS Smart Strategy is applied to all participants in the M3 database. [0045] If all the participants are taken into consideration, the relative error is around 6.5% when the GNSS receiver module is continuously active according to the G10n curve. This increases to 7.5% once the GNSS intelligent strategy is applied according to the G1 curve for the GNSS receiver module of the present invention. On the other hand, if only participants whose recordings contain at least 10 hours of data are included, the relative error in the speed estimate is under 5% according to the G10On curve when the GNSS receiver module is 100% active. time. After the application of the GNSS Intelligent Strategy, the relative error is close to 6% according to the G10 curve with an activation of the GNSS receiver module below 10%. With this and as shown in the previous figures, it is clear that the proposed strategy of the present invention can achieve a large reduction in the use or activation of the GNSS receiver module while maintaining a reasonably low error in the speed estimate. Moreover, the stability and the level of convergence of the RL model seem acceptable in comparison to the case where the GNSS receiver module is always active (ON). The duration of the successive activation of the GNSS receiver module can therefore be less than 10% of the total time of use of the control device by the calculation algorithm of the calculation unit, that is to say with a duration maximum operating time of the GNSS receiver module of approximately 5 hours, said GNSS receiver module no longer being operated beyond a total time of use of the control device of 50 hours. Thus the control device of the portable instrument can be powered by a small battery, such as a wristwatch battery. [0046] From the description which has just been made, several embodiment variants of the portable instrument provided with the device for controlling a sporting activity or the well-being of a person and the method of putting into action of the control device are possible without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the following claims. One or more non-volatile memories can be provided and can be detached from the control device to equip another portable instrument with all the movement data or personalized gait profiles recorded and dedicated to a person. The electric power supply of the portable instrument can be provided by a battery or a solar cell or a thermoelectric generator. Claims 1. Portable instrument (3) provided with a control device (10) or management of a sports activity or well-being of a person (1) wearing the portable instrument (3), the control device ( 10) comprising at least one movement sensor (13) connected to a calculation unit (15) and a GNSS receiver module (11) real to the calculation unit (15), characterized in that the calculation unit (15) of the control device (10) is arranged to activate the GNSS receiver module (11) for a defined activation time following movement variations detected by the movement sensor ( 13) deviating from known movement data or walking profiles in order to determine at least one reference speed of the person, and to deactivate the GNSS receiver module (11) after the activation time for a greater deactivation time than the activation time. 2. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (10) comprises at least one memory (16) connected to the calculation unit (15) for storing at least speed data and different personalized walking or running profiles of the person wearing the portable instrument (3). 3. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that the memory (16) connected to the calculation unit (15) comprises a stored calculation algorithm for estimating the speed or cadence of the displacement of a person (1) carrying the portable instrument (3). 4. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation unit (15), such as a microcontroller, comprises a calculation algorithm for estimating the speed or cadence of the displacement of a person (1) carrying the portable instrument (3) in order also to control the activation or deactivation of the GNSS receiver module (11). 5. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the calculation unit (15), such as a microcontroller, comprises a first counter linked to a first switching threshold to determine the activation time. of the GNSS receiver module (11) and a second counter in connection with a second switching threshold to determine the deactivation time of the GNSS receiver module (11). 6. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the control device (10) also comprises a pressure sensor (14), such as a barometer or altimeter to determine the altitude or the slope during a walk or run on a trajectory (4) or path in nature or in an urban area. 7. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the movement sensor is an accelerometer with one or two or preferably three measuring axes. 8. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the motion sensor is a 9-axis inertial motion sensor having a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial gyroscope and a triaxial magnetic sensor or a 10-axis inertial motion sensor. axes having a triaxial accelerometer, a triaxial gyroscope, a triaxial magnetic sensor and a barometer. 9. Portable instrument (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that it is in the form of a wristwatch (3) powered by a battery. 10. Method for managing a sports activity or the well-being of a person (1) wearing a portable instrument (3), which is provided with a control device (10), the control device (10) comprising at least one movement sensor (13) connected to a calculation unit (15) and a GNSS receiver module (11) connected to the calculation unit (15), characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: - activating the GNSS receiver module (11) for a defined activation time following movement variations detected by the movement sensor (13) deviating from known movement data or gait profiles, - determining at least one reference distance or speed of the person following the activation of the GNSS receiver module (11) by reception of GPS signals from satellites (22), and - deactivate the GNSS receiver module (11) after the activation time for a deactivation time greater than the activation time. 11. Management method according to claim 10, characterized in that an estimation of the speed or cadence of the movement of a person (1) carrying the portable instrument (3) is carried out by a calculation algorithm in the unit computing device (15), such as a microcontroller, in order also to control the activation or deactivation of the GNSS receiver module (11). 12. Management method according to claim 11, for which the control device (10) comprises the movement sensor (13), which is a three-dimensional accelerometer for supplying an accelerometer signal A(t) to the microcontroller (15) and a barometric pressure sensor (14) for supplying a pressure signal to the microcontroller (15), characterized in that the accelerometer signal and the pressure signal are segmented every second using a moving window of a first duration with an overlap of a second duration with a successive moving window to provide a segmented acceleration and a Segmented Pressure Signal to determine in the microcontroller (15) whether the sensed gait pattern or profile is a new pattern or profile not yet saved. 13. Management method according to claim 12, characterized in that the first duration is equal to 6 seconds and the second duration is equal to 5 seconds according to a timing of an oscillator of the microcontroller (15). 14. Management method according to claim 12, for which the microcontroller (15) comprises a first counter (56) for determining an activation time of the GNSS receiver module (11) and a second counter (58) for determining a deactivation of the GNSS receiver module (11), characterized in that following the determination of the model or gait profile, it is checked whether the GNSS receiver module (11) is already in an active state or in a deactivated state, in that in the case where the GNSS receiver module (11) is already in an active state, a check of the state of the first counter is carried out to determine whether the state of the first counter is below a first minimum threshold if yes the first counter is incremented and the previous steps of the method are repeated, otherwise above the first threshold, it is checked whether a decision to switch the GNSS receiver module (11) must intervene in order to determining whether the GNSS receiver module (11) should be deactivated, and in that in the event that the GNSS receiver module (11) is already in a deactivated state, a check of the state of the second counter is carried out to determine whether the the state of the second counter is below a second minimum threshold, if yes, the second counter is incremented and the previous steps of the method are repeated, otherwise, above the second threshold, it is checked whether a decision to switch the module GNSS receiver (11) must intervene in order to determine if the GNSS receiver module (11) should be activated. 15. Management method according to claim 14, characterized in that the activation time of the GNSS receiver module (11) defined by the first counter (56) is fixed at 2 minutes, and in that the module deactivation time GNSS receiver (11) defined by the second counter (58) is greater than 10 minutes and depends on new detected walking patterns or profiles 16. Management method according to claim 11, characterized in that by putting the control device (10) into operation when the portable instrument (3) is used by the person (1), the duration of the successive activation of the GNSS receiver module (11) is less than 10% of the total time of use of the control device (10) by the calculation algorithm of the calculation unit (15), that is to say with a maximum duration of operation of the GNSS receiver module (11) of approximately 5 hours, said GNSS receiver module (11) no longer being operated if the portable instrument (3) is powered by a battery beyond a total time of use of the control device (10) of 50 hours.