CH714054A1 - A device with an oscillating rectilinear wing for the transformation of the kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into a mechanical energy and method for such a transformation. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for converting the kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into a mechanical energy, comprising at least one straight wing (100) arranged along a mast (101) mounted on a base by its second end (101b) via a pivot joint, to allow oscillation movement of said wing (100) relative to said base, alternately comprising a forward motion and a wing return movement (100) said wing (100) having a wing (104) extending continuously around and along the mast (101) from the first end of the mast (101), and supports (112a, 112b, 114) disposed along mast (101) and covered with said wing (104), wherein the angular position of each support (112a, 112b, 114) on the mast (101) is modifiable.

Description

Description

Technical Field [0001] The present invention relates to a device for capturing the kinetic energy of a flow of fluid, gaseous or liquid, and transforming this energy into mechanical energy, which can then potentially be transformed into electrical energy. The present invention also relates to a method of transforming kinetic energy from the wind or from an aquatic current into mechanical energy.

The present invention relates more particularly to a sensor device of the wind or wind turbine type, making it possible respectively to capture the kinetic energy originating from the wind or from an aquatic current.

Renewable energies are sources of energy, the quantity of which is very large in relation to the needs of humanity. It is in particular possible to capture the kinetic energy of certain natural flows of fluids, for example wind or water currents. For this, conventionally, devices are used comprising at least one bearing surface in contact with the fluid and mobile, forming in particular a rotor, and intended to be driven (in rotation) by the kinetic energy of this flow of fluid. . The pivoting, or more generally the movement, of the bearing surface allows the production of mechanical energy which can then be used by associated mechanical means, for example a pump, an electric generator, a pneumatic generator.

STATE OF THE ART We already know wind turbines comprising a support column carrying at its top a set of blades mounted on the shaft of an aerogenerator intended to transform wind energy into mechanical power, then in most electrical energy cases. These devices are generally very large, unattractive and extremely expensive to acquire and maintain. As a result, their effectiveness is often contested and there are many oppositions against their establishment in tourist areas. The obligation to seek alternative sources of energy has nevertheless enabled these devices to establish themselves in areas strongly windswept, in particular by the sea or in certain mountainous sectors, even if the solution provided by wind turbines rotating blades, around a horizontal or vertical axis, are not entirely satisfactory.

Oscillating wind turbines are also known, the principle of which resides in the formation of an animated bearing surface, under the effect of the wind and most of the time of a counterweight, of an oscillation movement at the base of the mast along which the bearing surface is arranged.

In addition, wind energy increasing with the height at which it is collected requires raising the pylons supporting the wind turbines with blades rotating around an axis (horizontal or vertical) or increasing the slenderness of the masts of oscillating wind turbines.

The documents FR 3 037 621 and FR 2 473 123 describe wind turbines of the type which comprises a mast erected from a base capable of being placed in different orientations by rotation about a vertical axis of rotation, said mast oscillating around 'a horizontal axis of rotation and defining a bearing surface subjected to the flow of fluid. In these two documents, the bearing surface is rigid, defining a constant aerodynamic profile along the mast, namely without possible twisting of the wing or the blade formed by this bearing surface, the setting angle being however modifiable by rotation of the bearing surface around a secondary axis of rotation, parallel to the longitudinal direction of the mast. In this case, we see that the lift is not optimal.

Document WO 2014 177 948 describes a wind power assembly comprising at least one support on which is mounted at least one elongated wing having a first fixed end secured to said support and a second free end. This wing is driven by an oscillating movement around a fixed axis carried by said support and passing through said first fixed end of the wing, said oscillating movement being performed alternately between a first position inclined relative to the vertical and a second position inclined with respect to the vertical, angularly offset with respect to said first position. The wing is composed of a plurality of independent superposed sections disposed between said first fixed end and said second free end, which makes it possible to adapt the setting angle of each section in the different oscillatory positions of the wing. However, due to the different angular orientation of the sections, a space is formed between at least some of the successive sections, which creates a significant loss of wind energy. In addition, the implementation of the setting angle control for each section generates a complex control system both in its structure and in its programming.

Other solutions have been proposed, in particular by US 2009 224 553, in which a rigid oscillating mast has two straight parts form an elbow between them. Pairs of rotating blades extend on either side of the upper part of the mast and rotate around a horizontal axis orthogonal to the mast. In this case, the recovery of the mechanical energy which is generated by the rotation of the pairs of blades located at the high free end, opposite to the oscillating end mounted on a base fixed to the ground, is not easy to put in action.

Also, document WO 2009/041 819 proposes a solution in which a mast is mounted in an oscillating manner on a base and the free end of the mast is extended by a wing forming a blade which remains vertical, whatever

CH 714 054 A1 the oscillation position of the mast, with a variable setting angle. This solution makes it possible to offset the center of gravity of the wing more in height but does not provide optimal energy efficiency.

Brief Summary of the Invention An object of the present invention is to provide a wind or tidal device free from the limitations of known devices.

Another object of the invention is to provide a wind or tidal device which allows optimal capture of the kinetic energy of the fluid (air or water).

Another object of the invention is to provide a wind or tidal device with improved efficiency due to better use of the kinetic energy of the fluid, in particular for medium or low force flows, in particular for medium or weak winds (for example winds from 3.5 to 8 m / sec).

According to the invention, these objects are achieved in particular by means of a device for the transformation of kinetic energy from the wind or from an aquatic current into mechanical energy, comprising at least one rectilinear wing, arranged on along a mast extending between a first free end and a second end, said mast being mounted on a base by its second end via a pivoting articulation, in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing relative to said base , alternately comprising a forward movement and a return movement of the wing relative to the base, said wing comprising a blade extending continuously around and along the mast from the first end of the mast, and supports arranged at intervals along the mast and able to be covered with said blade, the shape of which is capable of following the contour of said supports, said supports having a first end support mounted near the first end of the mast, a second end support mounted on a section of the mast comprising the second end of the mast, and at least one intermediate support mounted between the first and the second end of the mast, in which the angular position of each support on the mast is changeable.

This solution has the particular advantage over the prior art of providing a bearing surface formed by the outer face of the wing defining the outer envelope of the wing, which is not fixed in the orientation of each of its sections relative to its axis, so that one can form a twisted wing. According to the invention, it is thus possible to improve and in particular to significantly increase the lift of the wing.

More specifically, according to the invention, the setting angle of at least one of the supports can be adapted. Preferably, the wedging angle can be adapted this differently between the different supports forming the structure of the wing. According to different possible configurations, this wedging angle is different between all the supports, either this wedging angle is different between two adjacent supports, or this wedging angle is different between the group formed of the end supports and the group formed intermediate support (s)) (in the latter case, it is also possible to have a different wedging angle for each end support.

This provides a major advantage in terms of optimizing the capture of the energy of the fluid, in particular of the wind, in particular by adapting the setting angle of some or of each section of the wing with respect to at its height position along the mast, and possibly depending on the oscillating position of the mast carrying the wing. The timing angles chosen inevitably vary according to the wind speed. Also, the modified values of wedging angles, as well as the presence of different wedging angles along the wing (for the different supports, and in particular between the two end supports) influence the twisting of the wing. Operating.

Different possibilities for implementing the modification of the setting angle are possible within the scope of the invention. Thus, in particular at least for the intermediate supports, the wedging angle adapts freely, namely naturally, according to the direction and the force of the wind. In this case, a free pivot type connection can be used between the support and the mast, around an axis passing through and extending parallel to the mast. It is also possible to use a control of the angular position (and therefore of the setting angle) of the support (s) by a system of servo-control type, and this in particular for the end supports.

According to a preferred arrangement, all the supports have a wing profile with an elongated shape between a first edge and a second edge, delimiting a pressure side and a suction side. This arrangement allows the wing to exhibit good aerodynamic properties.

According to one embodiment, all the supports are arranged so as to allow, on the one hand during the forward movement of said oscillation, that all the first edges are arranged at the front of the wing and form an edge leading edge and all the second edges are arranged at the rear of the wing and form a trailing edge, and on the other hand during the return movement of said oscillation, that all the second edges are arranged at the front of the wing and form a leading edge and all the first edges are disposed at the rear of the wing and form a trailing edge. This arrangement is particularly advantageous since it allows the wing to change its profile shape between the forward movement and the return movement, so that the aerodynamic properties of the wing remain good both during the forward movement and the return movement of the oscillation movement.

In one embodiment, said intermediate support is able to pivot freely around the mast.

CH 714 054 A1 [0022] In one embodiment, said first end support and said second end support are positioned around the mast with a predetermined angular orientation.

In one embodiment, said first end support and said second end support are positioned around the mast with a different predetermined angular orientation during the forward movement and during the return movement of the oscillation.

According to another preferred arrangement, the pivot axis of said pivoting articulation is orthogonal to the direction of the mast.

According to another preferred arrangement, all the supports extend in a plane substantially orthogonal to the mast.

According to another preferred arrangement, said device further comprises a unit for converting the oscillation movement of said mast into a rotational movement. An example of implementation of this unit for converting the oscillation movement of said mast into a rotational movement will be explained below. Such a conversion unit facilitates the recovery of the mechanical energy generated by the oscillation of the wing, and which is generated by the rotational movement at the output of the conversion unit.

According to another preferred arrangement, said device further comprises a system for tensioning the airfoil capable of tensioning the surface of the airfoil, whereby the wing forms a taut structure.

In one embodiment, at least said first end support and said second end support are equipped with an extension system for increasing the length of said first end support and said second support d 'end. In another embodiment, all the supports (end and intermediate (s)) are equipped with an extension system making it possible to increase the length of the supports. Such an extension system can serve as a system for tensioning the wing.

More generally, the present invention relates to a device for the transformation of kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into mechanical energy, comprising a wing as described in the present text and a conversion unit of the oscillation movement of this wing in a rotational movement. This wing is rectilinear, arranged along a mast extending between a first free end and a second end, said mast being mounted on a base by its second end via a pivoting articulation, in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing relative to said base.

The present invention also provides a method of transforming the kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into mechanical energy, by means of a straight wing, arranged along a mast extending between a first free end and a second end, said mast being mounted on a base by its second end via a pivoting articulation, in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing relative to said base, said wing comprising a wing extending continuously around and along the mast from the first end of the mast, and supports arranged at intervals along the mast and able to be covered with said wing, the shape of which is capable of following the contour of said supports, said supports having a first end support mounted near the first end of the mast, a second end support mounted on a section d u mast comprising the second end of the mast, and at least one intermediate support mounted between the first and the second end of the mast comprising alternately

- a forward movement and a return movement of the wing relative to the base, in which the angular position of each support on the mast is modifiable in order to allow optimization of the aerodynamic result between the air or the liquid coming into contact with said wing both during this forward movement and during this return movement.

Brief description of the figures Examples of implementation of the invention are indicated in the description illustrated by the appended figures in which:

fig. 1 illustrates a rectilinear wing forming a bearing surface, for the capture of kinetic energy originating from the wind or from an aquatic current, FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 in another perspective direction and for a wing variant, FIG. 3 is a side view of a slightly different wing from the wing of FIGS. 1 and 2, fig. 4 is a view in projection from the top of the wing in the direction IV of FIGS. 1,2 and 3,

CH 714 054 A1

fig. 5A is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for the transformation of the kinetic energy originating from a fluid flow, comprising a single rectilinear wing forming a bearing surface, from the side, illustrating the kinematics of the oscillating rotational movement, in a simplified situation where the wing is not twisted, fig. 5B is also a schematic representation of the device for transforming the kinetic energy coming from a fluid flow, illustrating the geometric references used in this text to illustrate the movements, profiles and changes in shape of the wing, fig. 5C is a general view which illustrates the wing with a determined flapping angle (case of the wing not twisted, for simplification of the marks), fig. 6 is a sectional view of the wing of FIG. 5C to illustrate its setting angle and define the concept of setting angle of a section of the wing, fig. 7 is a schematic representation of a possible system for controlling the rotation of the wing supports according to the invention, fig. 8 to 10 are views in section of the wing, according to possible examples of the shape of different profiles, FIG. 10 further showing a possible system for changing the shape of the profile making it possible to maintain a leading edge facing the flow of fluid, whatever the movement (back or forth) of the wing during the oscillation, fig. 11 is a side view of the device according to the invention according to the first embodiment with a single rectilinear wing forming a bearing surface and the unit for converting the oscillation movement of the wing into a rotational movement, fig. 12 is a partial perspective view of the bottom portion of the device of FIG. 11, illustrating the unit for converting the oscillation movement of the wing into a rotational movement, fig. 13 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention according to a second embodiment for the transformation of kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy, comprising two rectilinear wings each forming a bearing surface, fig. 14 is a sectional view from above, in the direction XIV-XIV of FIG. 13, showing the unit for converting the oscillation movement of the two masts into a rotational movement, fig. 15 is an enlarged view of the conversion unit of Figs. 11 to 13, fig. 16 illustrates a device according to the invention according to a third embodiment, in projection from the front of the device, this device forming a device for the transformation of kinetic energy coming from an aquatic current into mechanical energy, comprising two pairs rectilinear wings, where each wing forms a bearing surface, in direction XVI of fig. 17 fig. 17 is a top view of FIG. 16, according to direction XVII, fig. 18 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 17, according to detail XVIII, fig. 19, 20 and 21 show details of the device according to the third embodiment of the invention.

Example (s) of embodiment of the invention [0032] Figs. 1 to 3 represent a sensor device, in this case the wing 100 of a wind turbine or a tidal turbine which is capable of transforming the kinetic energy of a fluid flow, the wind or an aquatic current (flow d water whether from a river or a tide), in mechanical energy, or even in electrical energy. This wing 100 extends in a straight line along and around a mast 101 which defines a first free end 101a (at the top in FIGS. 1 to 3) and a second end 101b (at the bottom in Figs. 1 to 3) mounted on a pivoting joint as will be described later. The axis of the mast 101 is straight and forms a longitudinal axis Μ.

The wing 100 defines a bearing surface 102 which will be subjected to the flow of fluid. This bearing surface 102 belongs to the outer face of a wing 104 which covers the mast over all or part of its length. In fig. 1, the airfoil 104 (shown in dotted lines in order to reveal the internal elements of the wing 100) extends continuously from the first end of the mast 101a over most of the length of the mast 101. Indeed , the second end 101b of the mast is not covered by the airfoil 104, in particular to minimize the space requirement during the oscillating movements of the wing 100.

CH 714 054 A1 In the context of the present text, the airfoil 104 corresponds to a cover covering the wing 100 continuously, without surface opening or discontinuity. This blade 104 is obtained from one or more sheets or pieces of fabric (widths) assembled, for example by sewing, and can be made of different materials, including synthetic materials, plastics, natural materials, or a mixture of these materials, with different structures, woven or nonwoven. By way of example, any material usually used for a boat sail may be suitable, in particular by being made up of or comprising synthetic fibers such as polyester (polyethylene terephthalate) but also made of (or with) carbon, PET or poly (ethylene terephthalate) (for example Mylar (registered trademark)) or Kevlar (registered trademark), that is to say poly (p-phenyleneterephthalamide) or PPD-T. Without limitation, other types of sail structures are possible by replacing the panels of fabrics assembled by sewing, with a single panel of a film-fibers-film sandwich which will be folded and closed on itself to form a kind cover or sock covering the wing 100.

To support and give the desired three-dimensional shape of the airfoil 104, the mast 104 carries supports 110 arranged along the portion of the mast 104 covered with the airfoil 104. These supports 110 include end supports 112 and one or more intermediate support (s) 114, disposed between the end supports 112a and 112b. In the case of the variant illustrated in FIG. 1, the supports 100 are three in number: a first end support 112a mounted near the first end 101a of the mast, a second end support 112b mounted on a section of the mast comprising the second end of the mast 101b, and a single intermediate support 114 mounted between the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b. In the case of the variant illustrated in FIG. 2, the supports 100 are five in number: a first end support 112a mounted close to the first end 101a of the mast, a second end support 112b mounted on a section of the mast comprising the second end of the mast 101b, and three intermediate supports 114 mounted between the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b. In the case of the variant illustrated in FIG. 3, the supports 100 are six in number: a first end support 112a mounted close to the first end 101a of the mast, a second end support 112b mounted on a section of the mast comprising the second end of the mast 101b, and four intermediate supports 114 mounted between the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b. Preferably, the wing 100 comprises at least two intermediate supports 114.

Preferably, all the supports 110 extend in a plane substantially orthogonal to the mast 101, therefore to the longitudinal axis Μ of the mast 101.

In the case of the variant illustrated in FIG. 1, the airfoil 104 rests on the entire contour of all the supports 100. In the case of the variant illustrated in FIG. 2 or of the variant illustrated in FIG. 3, the airfoil 104 rests on the entire contour of the first end support 112a and of the second end support 112b and not at all or possibly only on part of the contour (in particular the ends of the intermediate support or supports 114, forming leading edge and trailing edge) of the intermediate support (s) 114.

The wing 100 advantageously has the general shape of a blade, with a wing profile (of an airplane), therefore an elongated profile. As illustrated in particular in FIGS. 5B and 6, the bearing surface 102 of this wing 100 comprises two opposite surfaces, respectively forming a lower side 106 and a lower side 107, which are connected by two longitudinal edges: a leading edge 108 and a trailing edge 109. This wing 100 has as a longitudinal axis, in a twisted configuration shown in schematic figures 5A to 5C, and 6, the axis Μ (longitudinal axis of the mast 101) which extends parallel to the leading edge 108 and to the edge 109. As shown in fig. 6, the aerodynamic profile of the wing 100, forming the bearing surface 102, (that is to say the outline of its transverse section or "section") further defines a cord 105 joining the leading edge 108 and the trailing edge 108. Here, due to the symmetrical shape of this example profile, the cord 15 is coincident with the middle line 103, passing through the leading edge 108 and the trailing edge 108, while still being equidistant on the lower side 106 and on the upper side 107.

Referring to FIG. 5A, the wing 100 is shown in solid lines in its average, vertical rest position, the axis Μ of the mast 101 being parallel to (and even coinciding with) the vertical axis V. In this fig. 5A, the wing 100 is also shown in dotted lines in its extreme positions, on either side of its average rest position, respectively with its axis Μ which forms a deflection angle -D (on the left in FIG. 5A) and a deflection angle + D (on the right in FIG. 5A) relative to the vertical axis V. As shown again schematically in FIG. 5A, the angle of movement D forms a maximum angle of flap of the bearing surface 102, on either side of the vertical axis V, therefore the amplitude of the oscillating movement of the wing 100 forms a sector of O oscillation, 2D angle. The angle of travel D thus varies between:

- a maximum value (fig. 5A and 6), corresponding to two end-of-travel positions which are symmetrically located on either side of the vertical axis V, and

- a zero value (fig. 5A and 6), when the longitudinal axis of the mast Μ is vertical, and extends coaxially or parallel to the vertical axis V above.

As an indication, the maximum value of the angle of travel D is advantageously less than 90 °, preferably between 55 ° and 80 °, and preferably around 80 °. The oscillation sector O thus has a value of angle at the center less than 180 °, preferably between 110 ° and 160 °°, and preferably about 160 °.

CH 714 054 A1 As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 5A, the wing 100 comprises the mast 101 whose second end 101b is assembled with a base 300 by means of a unit 200 for converting the oscillation movement of said mast into a rotational movement, defining a horizontal axis of rotation R for the wing. Preferably, the base 300 has a surface facing the wing 100 which is horizontal (the horizontal direction being indicated by H in FIG. 5C). The wing 100 and its bearing surface 102 are intended to pivot around this horizontal axis of rotation R when they are subjected to the wind (flow of fluid F in FIGS. 5C and 6, FIG. 5C showing the wing 100 during its forward movement indicated by arrow F3). According to the invention, a device 400 is formed for the transformation of kinetic energy coming from the wind or from an aquatic current into mechanical energy, comprising:

- wing 100,

means for generating an oscillating rotation of the bearing surface 102 around its axis of rotation R under the effect of the kinetic energy of the wind: it is a pivot connection materialized by a pivoting articulation 120, and

- Means for recovering the mechanical energy generated by this oscillating rotation of the bearing surface 102, in the form of the movement conversion unit 200.

The axis of rotation R is thus intended to allow an oscillation of the bearing surface 102 along a plane B perpendicular, or substantially perpendicular, to the direction of the wind (or more generally perpendicular to the flow of fluid F shown in FIGS. 5C and 6).

To this end, the base 300 is assembled with a base 302 (intended to be secured to a receiving surface, for example formed in the ground), by means of pivot connection means P defining a vertical axis of rotation for said base 300 which is thus authorized to pivot according to the movement the arrow P ′ (see FIGS. 5A and 5B) relative to the base 302. During its oscillation movement in the oscillation sector O, the wing 100 defines a plane B which extends parallel to the axis of rotation R (fig. 5B and 5C), and which passes through the axis Μ of the mast. This plane B defines the position of the wing in the oscillation sector O.

In Figs. 5B and 5C, there is the wing 100 and its bearing surface 102 extending along the mast 101 and parallel to the longitudinal axis Μ of the mast 101. Furthermore, it can be seen that the axis of rotation R of said pivoting articulation 120 is orthogonal to the direction of the mast (axis Μ). In fig. 5C, the wing 100 is disposed in an intermediate oscillation position, with the axis Μ of the mast 101 and the plane B corresponding to the flapping position, between the middle, rest and vertical position, and the corresponding extreme position at the angle of travel + D or -D relative to the vertical axis V.

The aerodynamic profile of this wing 100 also defines a twist, that is to say that the angle between the strings passing through the two ends of the different sections of the wing 100 is not the same all along wing 100, i.e. is different between at least two sections of wing, and in particular is different between all sections of wing 100. In the present case, the aerodynamic profile of wing 100 has therefore advantageously a non-zero twist. This is visible in fig. 4, showing the angle of torsion T of the wing 100, between its two ends, this angle T being formed between the lower sides 107 of the first end support 112a and of the second end support 112b. By way of nonlimiting example, this angle T is preferably between 5 and 20 degrees, preferably between 10 and 15 degrees, and in particular between 11 and 13 degrees. Thus, said wing 100 is a continuous rectilinear wing capable of forming a spin along the mast. This is made possible by the angular offset between the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b. This is also made possible by the presence of the intermediate support (s) 114, against which the wing 104 rests, which ensures good continuity of the shape of the wing 100 and therefore of the bearing surface 102 which is twisted.

To allow this twist of the wing, and to vary the angle of torsion as a function of the surrounding parameters, in particular the wind speed, means are used to modify the orientation of the supports 110 around of the axis Μ of the mast 101. For this purpose, the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b are advantageously positioned around the mast 101 with a predetermined angular orientation which can be identical, or preferably which is different for the two end supports 112a, 112b.

This angular orientation corresponds to the setting angle C. In the present text, the setting angle C of each section of the wing 100 or the setting angle C of the support 112a, 112b, 114 forming l physical structure of the wing 100, is defined as the angle formed between the chord 105 of the profile of the wing, at the level of a section of the section considered of the wing or at the level of the support 112a, 112b, 114 considered, and the vertical reference plane A which passes through the oscillation sector O and which is parallel to the horizontal axis of rotation R (base of the mast). We can see in fig. 5C and 6 an example of positioning a section of the wing with a setting angle C of 90 degrees.

For example, the wedging angle C of the first end support 112a is greater (respectively less than or equal) to 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees, while the wedging angle C of the second support end 112b is less than or equal (respectively greater) to 90 degrees and greater than 0. For example, the setting angle C of the first end support 112a is between 95 and 105 degrees and In parallel, the angle wedging C of the second end support 112b is between 80 and 90 degrees, or vice versa.

In order to allow the setting angle C of the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b to be varied to the desired value, preferably different for the first end support 112a and for the second end support 112b, different monitoring and control systems 130 of the angular position are possible. By way of example, reference is made to FIG. 7, illustrating a control and command system 130 forming

CH 714 054 A1 means for operating in rotation and comprising a ring 131 mounted freely in rotation around the mast 101 and connected integrally to the support 110 to be controlled. This ring 131 carries a cam 132 with a plane 133 inclined relative to the axis Μ of the mast 101 and turned downwards. Furthermore, on the mast 101 is mounted a system capable of sliding along the mast 101, parallel to the axis Μ (arrow F1), for example a linear actuator 134 such as a linear jack which carries an inclined plane 135 turned upwards and able to come opposite the inclined plane 133 of the cam 132. Thus, the two inclined planes 133 are able to cooperate, in particular by sliding one over the other: when the movable part of the linear actuator 134 descends or rises (arrow F1), the inclined plane 133 of the cam 132 respectively descends or rises, and consequently, the ring 131 and the support 110 which is attached to it rotate around the axis Μ of the mast 101 in one of the two directions indicated by arrow F2.

These rotary maneuvering means 130 are advantageously controlled by control means (not shown) comprising in particular a computer and a computer program comprising program code instructions for controlling the electric motor member (and as a corollary of the setting angle C) as a function in particular of the flapping angle (angular position of the wing in the sector of oscillation S relative to a vertical plane), when said computer program is executed on said computer.

Alternatively, the intermediate support or supports 114 are also arranged in a predetermined angular orientation, preferably different for each intermediate support 114, for example by control with a monitoring and control system 130 as described above. In another preferred variant, the intermediate support or supports 114 are mounted so as to pivot freely around the mast 101: in this case, it is the action of the flow of fluid, in particular of the wind which generates rotational movements of the or intermediate supports 114 around the axis Μ of the mast 101. In most wing operating situations, it can be seen that the setting angle C of the intermediate support (s) 114 has ( nt) a value between the value of the setting angle of the first end support 112a and the value of the setting angle C of the second end support 112b, or equal to one of these two angles end setting.

According to one embodiment, as can be seen in figs. 1 to 3, the supports 110 (the intermediate supports 114 only or else both the intermediate supports 114 and the two end supports 112a, 112b) comprise a strip having an endless loop shape surrounding the mast 101. It is understood that this strip is used as an external element of the support, to give the shape of the profile of the wing at the location of the corresponding support. This strip is preferably sufficiently rigid to support the blade 104 which rests on the supports 110 (114 and / or 112a, b) but flexible enough to absorb changes in profile of the supports, the two end supports 112a, 112b may also include a rigid plate whose outline corresponds to the outline of the support 112a and / or 112b. In this case, this plate is full and covering the free end (first end 101a) of the mast 101 in the case of the first end support 112a and the plate of the second end support 112b is notched to surround the mast 101.

Advantageously, elongated elements 116 are arranged parallel to the mast 101 inside the airfoil 104, said elongated elements 136 extending between the first end support 112a and the second end support 112b and pass freely through the intermediate support (s) 114. These elongated elements 116 are for example made up of rods or cables, or ribbons fixed on the two end supports 112a, 112b and connected to the other intermediate supports with a possibility of relative movement. These elongated elements 116 thus make it possible to contribute to the physical continuity of the support of the airfoil 104 between all the supports 110.

Different shapes of possible wing profile for the profile of the wing 100, and therefore for all or part of the supports 110, are shown in FIGS. 8 and 9: these are profiles close to a shape of garlic called a "convex plane", in which the upper side 107 is convex and very curved while the lower side 106 is fairly flat. The middle line 103 forms a slight curve. Here, we have provided a trailing edge 109 in the shape of a point, like a Fowler flap.

Other types of wing profile shapes, not shown, are possible for the profile of the wing 100, and therefore for all or part of the supports 110. For example, one or more of the following characteristics are possible :

- one convex upper surface 107 side.

- a substantially straight lower side 1016,

the profile of the supports 110 has an upper side 107 convex and symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry G orthogonal to the rope 105 and passing through the axis Μ of the mast 101, this applies in particular to the end supports 112a, 112a,

- the profile of the supports 110 has a convex and asymmetrical upper surface 107: this applies in particular to the intermediate support (s) 114,

- a pressure side 106 adjacent to the mast 101.

A preferred form of profile is shown in FIG. 10 for all or part of the supports 110. In this case, the upper surface side 107 is convex. Also, in this case, the upper side 107 is symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry G orthogonal to the cord 105 and passing through the axis Μ of the mast 101. In addition, the supports 110 have a concave lower side 106 formed by a first portion 106a extending from the leading edge 108 and a second portion 106b extending from the trailing edge 109, said first portion 106a representing at least 60% of the length of the lower side 106, a change in existing between the first portion 106a and the second portion 106b of

CH 714 054 A1 so that the angle E formed between the cord 105a of the first portion 106a and the cord 105b of the second portion 106b is greater than 90 degrees. This angle E is less than 170 °, preferably greater than 110 °, preferably greater than 120 °, preferably between 120 and 150 °, in particular of the order of 135 °. We also note that the first portion 106a on the lower surface 106 is adjacent to the mast 101.

In this fig. 10, the contour of the profile is shown: there is the lower side 106 (or 106 ′) and the upper side 107 which meet on a first edge B1 (on the left in FIG. 10) and a second edge B2 (at right in Fig. 10), respectively forming the leading edge 108 and the trailing edge 109 or vice versa (leading edge 108 'and the trailing edge 109'). In the solid line representation of this fig. 10, the pressure side 106 is considered, and the leading edge is 108 on the left, while the trailing edge 109 is on the right.

In this fig. 10, the contour of the profile of the support 110 shown can indeed be modified between a first position, in solid lines, and a second position, symmetrical with respect to the aforementioned axis of symmetry G, shown in dotted lines. More precisely, the upper side 107 is unchanged between the first position and the second position, while the lower side passes from the first position along the solid line 106 to the second position along the dotted line 106 ', and vice versa . This change of position takes place when the wing 100 changes direction in its oscillation movement: thus, the supports 110 are arranged so as to allow, on the one hand during the forward movement of said oscillation (movement according to the arrow F3, directed from right to left in fig. 10), that all the first edges B1 are arranged at the front of the wing 100 and form a leading edge 108 (with respect to the flow F of fluid) and all the second edges B2 are disposed at the rear of the wing 100 and form a trailing edge 109, and on the other hand during the return movement of said oscillation (movement according to arrow F4, directed from left to right on the Fig. 10), that all the second edges B2 are arranged at the front of the wing 100 and form a leading edge 108 '(opposite the flow F' of fluid) and all the first edges B1 are arranged at the rear of the wing 100 and form a trailing edge 109 '.

This change in shape of the pressure side 106 is for example, as shown in FIG. 10, controlled by mobile plates 117a, 117b fixed on the strip constituting a mobile part of the support concerned 110 and surrounding the mast 101. The first plate 117a is fixed on the first portion 106a on the pressure side 106, while the second plate 117b is fixed to the second portion 106b on the lower surface side 106, the first plate 117a and the second plate 117b being equidistant from the mast 101. In the aforementioned first position, the first plate 117a is more distant from the upper surface side 107 than the second plate 117b, while in the second position, it is the opposite, namely that the second plate 117b 'is further away from the upper surface 107 than the first plate 117a'.

Preferably, the shape of the profile of the pressure side 106 of all the supports 110 (end supports 112a, 112b and support (s) intermediate (s) 114) is different between the forward movement of said oscillation and the movement back from said oscillation.

In addition, as an option, a movable flap 118a, 118b disposed on the lower surface 106, near or on said first edge B1 (first flap 118a) and / or and near or on said second edge B2 ( second flap 118b) of all the supports 110 or of a part of the supports 110. Preferably, it is a Fowler type flap as shown in FIG. 10, namely a lower flap with rearward displacement: this type of flap 118a, 118b combines a rearward displacement to increase the wing area with a downward deflection to increase the curvature.

It is the action of air (or water) on wing 100 which deploys and then folds this flap 118a, 118b. Thus, this flap 118a, 118b is active (deployed) on the edge B1 or B2, on which it is mounted when this edge B1 or B2 forms a trailing edge 109 or 109 '. In practice, one of the flaps 118a (118b) is deployed and comes to extend the point formed by the trailing edge 109 (or 109 ′), while the other flap 118b (118a) is folded against the pressure side 106 (106 ').

In addition, optionally, in addition at least one flexible photovoltaic panel 119 is disposed on said wing 100, preferably on said wing 104, preferably on the upper surface side 107 of said wing 104, preferably on the external face. of said wing turned towards the outside of said wing 100, as can be seen in broken lines in FIG. 10. One can also consider placing this or these photovoltaic panel (s) 119 flexible (s) along the upper surface side 107 of the airfoil, but on the internal face of said airfoil facing the interior of said wing 100, or even inside the wing 104, therefore inside the wing 100.

As shown in Figs. 11 to 12, the device 400 further comprises a counterweight 290 arranged to perform an oscillating movement in the opposite direction to the oscillating movement of said wing 100. Thus, the counterweight 290 makes it possible to counterbalance the lever arm exerted by said wing 100 on the base 300. Also, the counterweight 290 is able to counterbalance the moment of the force exerted with respect to the axes of rotation of the transmission wheels 208 of the transmission system of the mechanical energy conversion unit 200 d oscillation described below for the second embodiment. Note that in the case of the first embodiment, the second end 101b of the mast 101 is attached to the deformable transmission member 206 of the conversion unit 200 (location 206a in FIGS. 11 and 12).

We now refer to FIGS. 13 to 15, showing a second embodiment of a device 1400 for transforming kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy, comprising two rectilinear wings 100 and 1100 oscillating, each forming a bearing surface 102 and 1102.

CH 714 054 A1 In the remainder of this text, the reference signs of the elements of the first embodiment are used for identical or similar elements of the second embodiment and are increased by a value of 1000 for a second element. identical or similar (first wing 100 and second wing 1100).

The first wing 100 (on the left in fig. 13) and the second wing 1100 (on the right in fig. 13) are mounted on the base 300 surmounting the base 302, and this via a pivoting articulation 120, 1120 around the horizontal axis of rotation R allowing the oscillation of the corresponding wing 100, 1100. In this case, for better compensation of the forces, when the first wing 100 performs its forward movement (arrow F3 located to the left of the first wing 100 in fig. 13) going from right to left in fig. 13, the second wing 1100 performs its forward movement (another arrow F3 located to the right of the second wing 1100 in FIG. 13) going from the left to the right in FIG. 13.

So we end up with a device 1400 comprising a first wing 100 such as that described above, and a second rectilinear wing 1100 similar, arranged along a second mast 1101 extending between a first free end and a second end. Said second mast 1101 is mounted on the base 300 by its second end via a second pivoting articulation 1120, in order to allow an oscillating movement of said second wing 1100 relative to said base 300 in a direction which is opposite to the direction of the oscillating movement of said first wing 100. Thus, the second rectilinear wing 1100 is mounted in phase opposition with respect to the first wing 100.

In addition, whether in the case of the first embodiment with a single wing 100 or the second embodiment with two wings 100 and 1100, the device 400 or 1400 comprises a unit 200, 1200 for converting the movement of oscillation of said mast 101 (of the two masts 101 and 1101) in a rotational movement comprising:

a base 300 capable of being placed on a structure (here a base 302),

- a pivoting articulation 120 (1120) mounted on said base 300 and comprising an input shaft 202 (1202) capable of being attached to the end of an oscillating mast 101 (1101) alternately in one direction and in the opposite direction , whereby said input shaft 202 (1202) is able to rotate about its own axis in one direction and in the opposite direction,

a single output shaft 204 able to rotate in a single direction,

- a system for transmitting the oscillation movement mounted on the base 300 and comprising at least one (in particular two) deformable transmission member 206 (such as a chain, toothed belt, etc.) forming a closed loop and wheels transmission 208 (of the gear wheels, pinions type) around which said transmission member 206 is disposed and is capable of moving forward (the transmission wheels 208 also ensure the tensioning of the deformable transmission member 206), and

- A mechanical connection system able to connect said mast (case of Figs. 11 and 12) or else said input shaft 202 (1202) (case of Figs. 13 to 15) to said deformable transmission member 206, thereby rotation of the input shaft 202 (1202) in a first direction causes the transmission member 206 to advance in a first direction and rotation of the input shaft 202 (1202) in a second direction , reverse of the first direction, causes the forwarding of the transmission member 206 in a second direction, reverse of the first direction, said mechanical linkage system comprising two free wheels 212, 214 mounted side by side with their parallel axes of rotation , the blocking mode of the first freewheel 212 being arranged in the opposite direction to the blocking mode of the second freewheel 214, said freewheels 212, 214 being connected to said deformable transformation member 206, so that the advance of the deformable transmission member 203 da ns said first direction rotates the first free wheel 212, without rotation of the second free wheel 214, and that the advance of the transmission member 206 in said second direction rotates the second free wheel 214, without rotation of the first freewheel 212, and said mechanical linkage system being arranged so that the rotation of the first freewheel 212 and the rotation of the second freewheel 214 cause said output shaft 204 to rotate in said one direction, whereby the movement of rotation of said input shaft 202 in one direction and in the opposite direction causes rotation of said output shaft 204 in said one direction.

Thus, with such a conversion unit 200, even in the event of variation of the angles of the travel angles D and therefore of the extent of the oscillation sector O between the forward movement and the return movement, this has no influence on the correct operation: the energy losses in the conversion unit 200 are minimal and it operates smoothly mechanically.

In the case of the second embodiment with two wings 100 and 1100, the conversion unit 200 can be arranged so that the second wing 1100 forms a counterweight (case not shown). In other words, the counterweight comprises a mast surmounted by a rectilinear wing capable of forming a spin along the mast.

Furthermore, as can be seen in FIGS. 11 to 12 and 13 to 15, the energy conversion device 400 (1400) further comprises generator means 250 adapted to transform, into electrical energy, the mechanical energy generated at the output shaft 204 by the oscillating rotation of the bearing surface 102 around its horizontal axis of rotation R, caused by the kinetic energy of the wind. These generating means 250 comprise at least one generator 252 (electric generator), for example in the form of an alternator which comprises a stator (fixed part) and a rotor (rotating part), intended to be driven by the rotational movement at one way of the output shaft 204. Optionally, as in fig. 11 to 12 and 13 to 15, the generator means 250 further comprise a flywheel 254 the input of which is connected to the output shaft 204. Preferably, the output of the inertia flywheel 254 is connected to the input of the generator 252. Preferably, it is understood that said flywheel 254 is mounted downstream of said shaft.

CH 714 054 A1 output 204 or on said output shaft 204. Also, preferably, said generator 252 is mounted downstream of said output shaft 204 or on said output shaft 204. It is also possible to add a multiplier device for speed (not shown) disposed on the output shaft 204 or mounted downstream of said output shaft 204. Such a speed multiplier device is then, if necessary, mounted upstream of the rotor of the generator 252 and / or the rotor flywheel 254.

A third embodiment of the invention relating to a 2400 device for the transformation of kinetic energy from an aquatic current into mechanical energy is now described in relation to FIGS. 16 to 21. it is a 2400 device comprising two pairs of rectilinear wings 2100 and 2100 'oscillating in pairs and each wing forming a bearing surface 2102, usable in water, in particular for capturing the flow of watercourse.

In the remainder of this text, the reference signs of the elements of the first (or second) embodiment are used for the same or similar elements of the third embodiment and are increased by a value of 2000 (or 1000 ) for a similar item.

In each pair of wing 2100 (2100 '), a first wing 2100a is formed by a wing such as the wing 100 described above, and a second wing 2100b is also formed by a wing such as the wing 100 described previously. This second wing 2100b is thus elongated, arranged along a second mast extending between a first free end and a second end, said second mast 2101b being mounted on a base 2300 by its second end via a pivoting articulation 2120 (common with the first wing 2100a) and an input shaft 2202. There is an angular offset between the orientation of the first mast 2101 a (first wing 2100a) and the second mast 2101 b (second wing 2100b), in order to allow movement of oscillation of said second wing 2100b relative to said base, which is analogous to the movement of oscillation of said first wing 2100a relative to said base, the first wing 2100a and the second wing 2100b forming a pair of wings mounted on said base 2300 by said pivoting articulation 2120 which amounts to saying that the first wing 2100a and the second wing 2100b are integral with each other and form a pair of Wings 2100 animated by the same movement of oscillation around the input shaft 2202, via the oscillating articulation 2120.

Preferably said angular offset between the orientation of the first mast 2101a (first wing 2100a) and the second mast 2101b (second wing 2100b) is between 30 and 45 degrees.

As seen in Figs. 16 to 18, said pair of wings 2100 forms a first pair of wings, said device 2400 further comprising a second pair of wings 2100 'comprising a first wing and a second wing, each of said first and second wing of said second pair of wings being elongated and arranged along a mast extending between a first free end and a second end mounted on said base via a second pivoting articulation 2120 ', with an angular offset between the orientation of the first wing and the second wing and said second mast.

The wings 2100a and 2100b are preferably in accordance with the preceding description of the wing 100.

Preferably, the device 2400 is arranged so that the oscillation movement of the second pair of wings 2100 'has a phase shift with respect to the first pair of wings 2100. This means that in this case , at the same time, the first mast 2101a (first wing 2100a) of the first pair of wings 2100 is not parallel to the first mast (first wing) of the second pair of wings 2100 ', but forms an angle (by example between 5 and 30 ° with it. Such a phase offset makes it possible to improve the drive of the two pairs of wings 2100 and 2100 ′.

As seen in Figs. 16 to 18, said base 2300 is formed of a structure capable of being disposed above a body of water animated by a movement generating a current, in particular a stream current or tidal current (rising or descending). In fig. 17 to 21, this base 2300 forms a structure over a stream, such as a bridge. As an example, this base 2300 is a bridge, a walkway, or a platform.

In this third embodiment, the device 2400 also includes a unit 2200 for converting the oscillation movement of the two masts 2101a and 2101b (of the input shaft 2202) into a rotational movement which is analogous to the definition given above in relation to the units 200, 1200 for converting the oscillation movement of said mast 101 (of the two masts 101 and 1101) into a rotational movement (output shaft 204).

In the case of the third embodiment, however, one must take into account the fact that the wings are subjected to a flow of water or aquatic current. As a result, compared to a tidal flow like wind, the resistance in an aquatic current is greater as well as the abrasion due to particles in the water. This preferably results in the use of smaller wedging angles, and less flexible / more rigid materials and offering a high resistance to abrasion (for example a wing made of or comprising two-component polyurethane resin or EPDM ).

The invention also relates to a method of transforming the kinetic energy from the wind or from an aquatic current into mechanical energy, by means of a straight wing 100, arranged along a mast 101 s' extending between a first free end 101a and a second end 101b, said mast 101 being mounted on a base 300 by its second end 101b via a pivoting articulation 120, in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing 100 relative to said base 300, said wing 100 having a wing profile with an elongated shape between a first edge B1 and a second edge B2, delimiting a pressure side 106 and a suction side 107. Said wing 100 is arranged so as to allow, of a part during the forward movement (arrow F3 in fig. 10) of said oscillation, that all the first edges B1 (the first edge B1 of all the sections of the wing 100) are arranged at the front of the wing 100 and form a leading edge 108 and all the second edges B2 (the second edge B2 of all the sections of the wing 100) are arranged at the rear of the wing 100 and form a trailing edge, and on the other hand during the return movement (arrow F4 in fig. 10) of

CH 714 054 A1 said oscillation, that all the second edges B2 are arranged at the front of the wing 100 and form a leading edge 108 'and all the first edges B1 are arranged at the rear of the wing 100 and form a trailing edge 109 '.

Reference numbers used in the figures

[0084] 100 Wing 101 Mast 101a First free end of the mast 101b Second end of the mast 102 Load-bearing surface 103 Average wing profile line 104 sails 105 Wing profile rope 105a First portion of the rope 105b Second portion of the rope 106 Lower side 106a First portion on the lower side (first position) 106a ' First portion on the lower surface (second position) 106b Second portion on the lower side (first position) 106b ' Second portion on the lower surface (second position) 107 Upper side 108 Leading edge (first position, first edge B1) 108 ' Leading edge (second position, second edge B2) 109 Trailing edge (first position, second edge B2) 109 ' Trailing edge (second position first edge B1) 110 brackets 112 End supports 112a First end support 112b Second end support 114 Intermediate support (s) 116 Elongated elements 117a First plate 117b Second plate 118 First flap (first edge B1) 118b Second part (second edge B2) 119 Solar panel 120 Swivel joint (Pivot link) 130 Angular orientation control and command system

CH 714 054 A1

131 Ring

132 Cam

133 Inclined plane of the cam

134 Linear actuator

135 Inclined plane of the linear actuator

200 Conversion unit

202 Entrance tree

204 Output shaft

206 Deformable transmission member

206a Location for mast attachment

208 Transmission wheel (s)

212 First freewheel

214 Second freewheel

250 Generating means

290 Counterweight

300 Base

302 Base

400 Device for energy transformation

Μ Longitudinal axis of the mast

T Wing twist angle (twist)

V Vertical axis

D Travel angle

O Oscillation sector

F Direction of fluid flow (wind direction)

R Rotation axis for wing oscillation

P Pivot connection between the base and the base

P 'Base swivel movement arrow

B Plane corresponding to the beat position

C Timing angle

A Vertical plane for measuring the setting angle

E angle formed by the double orientation on the lower side

F1 Arrow (linear actuator translation movement)

F2 Boom (cam rotation movement)

F3 Arrow (forward movement of the wing)

F4 Arrow (return movement of the wing)

G Axis of symmetry

CH 714 054 A1

B1 First edge of the wing profile

B2 Second edge of the wing profile

H Horizontal direction

Claims (33)

claims 1. Device (400; 1400; 2400) for the transformation of kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into mechanical energy, comprising at least one straight wing (100, 1100, 2100), arranged along d '' a mast (101) extending between a first free end (101a) and a second end (101b), said mast (101) being mounted on a base (300) by its second end (101b) via a pivoting articulation ( 120), in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing (100, 1100, 2100) relative to said base, comprising alternately a forward movement and a return movement of the wing (100, 1100, 2100) relative to the base, said wing (100, 1100, 2100) comprising a blade (104) extending continuously around and along the mast (101) from the first end of the mast (101), and supports (112,114) arranged at intervals along the mast (101) and able to be covered with said wing (104) d have the shape is capable of following the contour of said supports (112, 114), said supports (112, 114) having a first end support (112a) mounted near the first end of the mast (101a), a second support end (112b) mounted on a section of the mast (101) comprising the second end of the mast (101 b), and at least one intermediate support (114) mounted between the first and the second end of the mast (101), in which the angular position of each support (112, 114) on the mast (101) is changeable. 2. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to claim 1, in which all the supports (112, 114) have a wing profile with an elongated shape between a first edge (B1) and a second edge (B2), defining a lower side (106) and a lower side (107). 3. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to claim 2, in which all the supports (112, 114) are arranged so as to allow, on the one hand during the forward movement of said oscillation, that all the first edges ( B1) are arranged at the front of the wing (100, 1100, 2100) and form a leading edge (108) and all the second edges (B2) are arranged at the rear of the wing (100, 1100, 2100) and form a trailing edge (109), and on the other hand during the return movement of said oscillation, that all the second edges (B2) are arranged at the front of the wing (100, 1100, 2100) and form a leading edge (108) and all the first edges (B1) are arranged at the rear of the wing (100, 1100, 2100) and form a trailing edge (109). 4. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which said intermediate support (114) is able to pivot freely around the mast (101). 5. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to the preceding claim, wherein said first end support and said second end support are positioned around the mast (101) with a predetermined angular orientation. 6. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to the preceding claim, wherein said first end support and said second end support are positioned around the mast (101) with a different predetermined angular orientation during the forward movement and during of the oscillation return movement. 7. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which the pivot axis of said pivoting articulation (120) is orthogonal to the direction of the mast (101). 8. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of the preceding claims, in which all the supports (112, 114) extend in a plane substantially orthogonal to the mast (101), 9. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, in which all the supports (112, 114) have a convex upper surface (107) side. 10. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 9, in which all the supports (112, 114) have a concave underside (106) comprising a first portion (106a) extending from the leading edge (108) and a second portion (106b) extending from the trailing edge (109), said first portion (106a) representing at least 60% of the length of the lower side (106), a change existing between the first portion (106a) and the second portion so that the angle formed between the rope of the first portion (106a) and the rope of the second portion (106b) is greater than 90 °. 11. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 10, in which all the supports (112, 114) have a pressure side (106) adjacent to the mast (101). 12. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 11, in which all the supports (112, 114) have a substantially straight lower side (106). CH 714 054 A1 13. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 12, in which the profile of the end supports (112) has an upper side (107) convex and symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry. orthogonal to the rope and passing through the mast (101). 14. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of claims 2 to 13, in which the profile of the intermediate support has a convex and asymmetrical upper surface (107). 15. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 14, wherein said first end support and said second end support are positioned around the mast (101) with a different angular orientation. 16. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 15, wherein all the supports (112, 114) consist of a strip have a form of endless loop surrounding the mat (101). 17. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 16, further comprising a system for tensioning the airfoil (104) able to tension the surface of the airfoil (104), whereby the wing (100, 1100, 2100) forms a taut structure. 18. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 17, in which at least said first end support (112a) and said second end support (112b) are equipped with a system of extension to increase the length of said first end support (112a) and said second end support (112b). 19. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 17, comprising elongated elements (116) arranged parallel to the mast (101) inside the airfoil (104), said elongated elements (116) extending between the first end support (112a) and the second end support (112b) and freely passing through said intermediate support (114). 20. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 19, further comprising a movable flap disposed on the pressure side (106), near or on said first edge (B1) and near or on said second edge (B2) of all the supports (112, 114). 21. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to one of claims 1 to 20, comprising at least two intermediate supports (114). 22. Device (400; 1400) according to one of claims 1 to 21, further comprising a counterweight arranged to perform an oscillating movement in the opposite direction to the oscillating movement of said wing (100, 1100). 23. Device (400; 1400) according to one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising at least one flexible photovoltaic panel (119) disposed on said wing (100, 1100). 24. Device (1400; 2400) one of claims 1 to 22, wherein said wing forms a first wing (100) and said device (1400; 2400) further comprising a second straight wing (1100), arranged along a second mast (1101) extending between a first free end and a second end, said second mast (1101) being mounted on said base (300) by its second end via a second pivoting articulation (1120), in order to allowing an oscillating movement of said second wing (1100) relative to said base, in a direction which is opposite to the direction of the oscillating movement of said first wing (100). 25. Device (400; 1400) according to one of claims 1 to 22, further comprising a base (301) capable of being secured to a receiving surface, in particular a receiving surface formed in a ground, said base (300 ) being assembled to said base (301) by pivot connection means defining a vertical axis of rotation for said base (300). 26. Device (2400) according to one of claims 1 to 22, wherein said wing forms a first wing (100) and the device (2400) further comprises a second wing (1100) elongated, arranged along a second mast (1101) extending between a first free end and a second end, said second mast (1101) being mounted on said base (300) by its second end (1101b) via said pivoting articulation (120), with an angular offset between the orientation of said first mast (101) and said second mast (1101), in order to allow an oscillating movement of said second wing (1100) relative to said base (300), which is analogous to the movement of oscillation of said first wing (100) relative to said base, the first wing (100) and the second wing (1100) forming a pair of wings mounted on said base (300) by said pivoting joint (120). 27. Device (2400) according to the preceding claim, wherein said angular offset is between 30 and 45 degrees. 28. Device (2400) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein said pair of wings forms a first pair of wings (2100), said device (2400) further comprising a second pair of wings (2100 ') comprising a first wing and a second wing, each of said first and second wing of said second pair of wings being elongated and arranged along a mast (101) extending between a first free end and a second end mounted on said base (300) via a second pivoting articulation (2120 '), with an angular offset between the orientation of the first wing and of the second wing and of said second mast (1101), said device (2400) being arranged so that the movement of oscillation of the second pair of wings has a phase shift with respect to the first pair of wings. CH 714 054 A1 29. Device (2400) according to claim 26 or 27, in which said base (300) is formed by a structure (2300) able to be placed above a body of water animated by a movement generating a current. 30. Device (400; 1400; 2400) according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising a unit for converting the oscillation movement of said mast (101) into a rotational movement comprising: - a base (300) able to be placed on a structure (302, 2300), a pivoting articulation (120) mounted on said base (300) and comprising an input shaft (202) capable of being attached to the end of a mast (101) oscillating alternately in one direction and in the opposite direction, whereby said input shaft (202) is able to rotate about its own axis in one direction and in the opposite direction, - an output shaft (204) able to rotate in a single direction - a system for transmitting the oscillation movement mounted on the base (300) and comprising a deformable transmission member (206) forming a closed loop and transmission wheels around which said transmission member (206) is disposed and is suitable to move forward, and - A mechanical connection system capable of connecting said mast (101) or said input shaft (202) to said deformable transmission member, whereby the rotation of the input shaft (202) in a first direction causes the advancement of the transmission member (206) in a first direction and the rotation of the input shaft (202) in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, causes the advancement of the transmission member ( 206) in a second direction, opposite to the first direction, said mechanical linkage system comprising two free wheels mounted side by side with their parallel axes of rotation, the blocking mode of the first free wheel (212) being arranged in the opposite direction blocking mode of the second freewheel (214), said freewheels (212, 214) being connected to said deformable transformation member, so that the advance of the transmission member (206) in said first direction rotates the first freewheel (212), without rota tion of the second free wheel (214), and that the advance of the transmission member (206) in said second direction causes the second free wheel (214) to rotate, without rotation of the first free wheel (212), and said mechanical linkage system being arranged so that rotation of the first free wheel (212) and rotation of the second free wheel (214) causes said output shaft (204) to rotate in said one direction, whereby the rotational movement of said input shaft (202) in one direction and in the opposite direction causes said output shaft (204) to rotate in said one direction. 31. Method for transforming kinetic energy from the wind or an aquatic current into mechanical energy, by means of a straight wing (100), arranged along a mast (101) extending between a first free end and a second end, said mast (101) being mounted on a base (300) by its second end (101b) via a pivoting articulation (120), in order to allow an oscillating movement of said wing relative to said base, said wing comprising a blade (104) extending continuously around and along the mast (101) from the first end of the mast (101a), and supports (112, 114) arranged at intervals along the mast (101) and able to be covered with said blade (104), the shape of which is capable of following the contour of said supports (112, 114), said supports (112, 114) having a first end support mounted close to the first end of the mast (101a), a second end support mounted on a section of the mast (101) comprising the second end of the mast (101b), and at least one intermediate support mounted between the first and the second end of the mast (101) comprising alternately - a forward movement and a return movement of the wing (100) relative to the base, in which the angular position of each support on the mast (101) can be modified in order to allow optimization of the aerodynamic result between the air or the liquid coming into contact with said wing (100) both during this forward movement and during this return movement. 32. Method according to the preceding claim, in which all the supports (112,114) have a wing profile with an elongated shape between a first edge (B1) and a second edge (B2), delimiting a lower surface side (106) and a upper surface side (107), and in which all the supports (112, 114) are arranged so as to allow, on the one hand during the forward movement of said oscillation, that all the first edges (B1) are arranged at the front of the wing and form a leading edge (108) and all the second edges (B2) are arranged at the rear of the wing and form a trailing edge (109), and on the other hand during the movement return of said oscillation, that all the second edges (B2) are arranged at the front of the wing and form a leading edge (108) and all the first edges (B1) are arranged at the rear of the wing (100) and form a trailing edge (109). 33. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the shape of the profile of the pressure side (106) of all the supports (112, 114) is different between the forward movement of said oscillation and the return movement of said oscillation. CH 714 054 A1 CH 714 054 A1 CH 714 054 A1