CH712294A2 - Thermal energy system. - Google Patents

Abstract

In a thermal energy composite system, which comprises a thermal energy network (11) to which several participants are connected and feed thermal energy into the energy network (11) and / or from the energy network (11), wherein the energy network (11) a first temperature rail (TS1), on which a first heat transfer medium flows at a predetermined first temperature level (TN4) through the energy network (11), an improved efficiency is achieved in that within the energy interconnected network (11) at least one second temperature rail (TS2.1-TS2 .3) is provided, on which a second heat transfer medium at a predetermined second temperature level (TN1-TN3) flows through the energy network (11), which second temperature level (TN1-TN3) differs from the first temperature level (TN4).

Description

Description TECHNICAL AREA

The present invention relates to the field of thermal energy composite systems. It relates to an energy interconnection system according to the preamble of claim 1.

STATE OF THE ART

Generally, the following situation currently exists: [0003] Thermal energy is generated by means of electrical energy (current). Especially in refrigeration and air conditioning systems and heat pumps, this energy is needed to operate the compressor used in the plants and thus to heat, cool and air-conditioning.

Unfortunately, in the majority of cases, either only the "cold" energy side (air conditioning / refrigeration systems) or the "warm" energy side (heat pumps) are used. The second product (hot or cold), which is produced in such a process, is discharged more or less uselessly (air, geothermal probes, etc.).

The efficiency generated is determined in refrigeration and air conditioning systems as follows: Generated thermal energy (cold) divided by the electrical energy used for it. This quotient is called COP (Coefficient Of Performance).

For heat pumps, a corresponding quotient COP results from the generated thermal energy (warm) divided by the electrical energy used for this purpose.

Would both thermal sides (cold and warm) used, the COP increase considerably.

Would the associated thermal processes additionally combined with optimized temperature strokes, would result in addition to further considerable optimization potentials. By combining as many different thermal processes as possible, a considerable optimization and energy-saving potential would result.

In addition, air conditioning systems run only in the summer and during a few hours at full load. The same applies to heat pumps in winter. So there is a lot of installed equipment around unused. Investments in these (current) plants are thus only paying for themselves poorly.

The prior art devotes virtually no attention to this problem.

[0011] DE 10 2010 004 365 A1 discloses a local / district heating network system with which the dynamic possibilities (multiple temperature levels and efficiency increases) of 3 or 4-line systems with a simple 2-line system can be achieved. tem, without an additional communication network. The central idea here is to use the energy carrier medium water itself as an information carrier and to regulate accordingly the temperature level and the energy flow direction dynamically. The lower the flow temperature, the lower the heat losses and the higher the solar yields. For hot water and radiator radiators are usually about 60 ° C-80 ° C necessary; for a floor or wall heating, however, only temperatures of about 35 ° C are required. The previous method of simply shaking down the high temperatures is a waste of energy and a reduction in solar yields. In the disclosed solution, the control unit regulates the VL temperature to approx. 35 ° C and regularly asks the individual house controllers whether a higher level of heat and temperature is required. If houses report a higher demand for heat or temperature level, the control center increases the VL temperature and flow in the short term until the demand is satisfied, and then reduces it to the standard VL temperature of approx. 35 ° C.

The document WO 8 301 824 A1 relates to a piping system, in particular multi-channel piping system for transporting at least one liquid and / or gaseous medium or suspensions, for example Fernheizleitung, coolant line, petroleum or natural gas, etc., with one, preferably made of fiber or asbestos cement, synthetic resin concrete, plastic or the like. Existing outer tube, and with at least one, preferably also made of fiber or asbestos cement, synthetic resin concrete, plastic or the like. Existing inner tube in which a, preferably made of metal or plastic existing medium pipe means Sliders, in particular in the axial direction, is slidably mounted, wherein the intermediate space between the inner tube and the medium pipe is formed as an air gap. By means of a special design of the pipes, both supply and return lines for one or more temperature ranges can be conducted in a jacket pipe, which leads to a particularly rapid and efficient method of laying. If the pipes are used for district heating systems, the pipe arrangement can be used in particular for the transport of "cold district heating", geothermal waters, heating water systems up to 90 ° C, heating water systems up to 130 ° C, and heating water systems up to 170 ° C.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an energy composite system, which allows for reduced investment, maintenance and energy costs based on existing systems improved energy efficiency and effectiveness.

The object is solved by the features of claim 1.

The invention relates to a thermal energy network system comprising a thermal energy network to which several participants are connected and feed thermal energy into the power grid and / or relate from the power grid, the power grid includes a first temperature rail on which a first heat transfer medium at a predetermined first temperature level flows through the power network.

It is characterized in that within the energy network at least a second temperature rail is provided, on which a second heat transfer medium flows at a predetermined second temperature level through the energy network, which second temperature level is different from the first temperature level.

An embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the first and second heat transfer medium are the same.

In particular, the first and second heat transfer medium may consist predominantly of water. Predominantly means that the water wanted (antifreeze, rust inhibitor, etc.) or unintentionally (impurities, etc.) may be added.

Another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the second temperature level is smaller than the first temperature level. This results in meaningful gradations for the energy exchange for the various participants.

Yet another embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the energy network comprises a plurality of second temperature rails whose temperature levels differ from each other and are smaller than the first temperature level. This further improves the adaptability between the network and the subscriber.

In particular, at least three second temperature bars may be present with associated temperature levels.

Particularly favorable is the situation when the first temperature level is about 90 ° C, and the second temperature levels between 6 ° C and 12 ° C, between 25 ° C and 35 ° C and between 60 ° C and 65 ° C. lie.

A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the power grid additionally a power supply is connected in parallel. This allows an even greater flexibility of the overall system can be achieved.

According to another embodiment of the invention, an existing gas network is used for one of the second temperature rails, in particular the temperature rail with the temperature level between 25 ° C and 35 ° C. As a result, on the one hand, investment costs can be saved and, on the other hand, a thermal and a chemical energy transport can be combined.

It is within the scope of the invention, however, also conceivable that is used for at least one of the temperature rails C02 as a carrier medium.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings. Show it:

Fig. 1 in a highly schematic form, the basic form of an energy interconnection system; and

Fig. 2 in a highly schematic form, the structure of an energy network according to the invention.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

The presented here new energy concept is relatively simple and is based on today's local and district heating networks.

As with the heat networks, new thermal energies at different temperature levels or temperature rails (see the temperature levels TN1 to TN4 in the attached FIG. 2) are to be routed to the users (consumers).

Local heating network and pipelines often have a temperature level (TN4) of about 90 ° C (120 ° C) to offer hot water or heating temperatures at a lower temperature level (TN3) of 60 ° C. With this high temperature level, relatively large amounts of energy can be transported in relatively small cross-sections. However, from the point of view of exergy, as part of the total energy of a system that can do work, such systems are not always exergetically useful (e.g., when a 1000 ° C hot flame produces 30 ° C heating water temperature).

Such high temperatures are often produced by combustion processes (wood, gas, oil, biomass, waste incineration or industrial processes, etc.).

In Fig. 1, the basic form of an energy interconnection system 10 is shown in a highly schematic form, which comprises an energy network 11 and a plurality of participants connected thereto 12a to 12i. On the one hand, subscribers 12a to 12i can be energy suppliers feeding thermal energy into the network, e.g. Cogeneration plants, solar collectors, boilers, etc. The participants can also be consumers who receive thermal energy from the grid. Conceivable, however, are also participants who, depending on the situation or need, feed energy into the grid or withdraw it from the grid.

The power network 11 is drawn in the example of FIG. 1 as a closed annular network. However, it can just as well be other, e.g. star-shaped, mesh-like or linear, have structures.

Fig. 2 shows in highly schematic form the structure of an energy network 11 within an embodiment of an energy interconnection system 10 according to the invention.

The starting point is a first temperature rail TS1 with a first temperature level TN4 of about 90 ° C.

To this first temperature rail TS1 now more (parallel) temperature rails TS2.1, TS2.2 and TS2.3 are added to those of the first temperature level TN4 and also different temperature levels TN2.1, TN2.2 and TN2.3 assigned are. The temperature level TN2.1 lies in the range between 6 ° C and 12 ° C. The temperature level TN2.2 is between 25 ° C and 35 ° C, and the temperature level TN2.3 is between 60 ° C and 65 ° C.

These four temperature levels TN1 and TN2.1, TN2.2, TN2.3 and their links by the participants are shown in the attached Fig. 2. In addition, a parallel power grid 13 and a gas network 14 are shown or indicated. Between the different temperature rails T1, T2.1-T2.3 energy exchange processes take place. At the same time energy can be added externally to the temperature rails T1, T2.1-T2.3, or pulled out of the temperature rails T1, T2.1-T2.3.

The solid arrows refer to the entry of energy into the network. The dot-dashed arrows indicate compensation processes, while the dashed arrows indicate a direct use of energy from the grid: - 90 ° C (TN1) Energy is supplied by solar plants, cogeneration plants (CHP), biomass or industrial processes and high-temperature heat pumps (B, C , D, E, F, G, O in Fig. 2). Energy is taken for industrial processes, district heating, heating or domestic hot water (Z in Fig. 2); - 60 ° C / 65 ° C (TN2.3) Energy is supplied by solar systems, waste heat, heat pumps, refrigeration, air conditioning, etc. (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, I, J, K , L, N in Fig. 2). Energy is taken for hot water and high temperature heating and as a source for high temperature heat pumps (O, Y in Fig. 2); - 25 ° C / 35 ° C (TN2.2) Energy is fed from hybrid collectors, solar panels, waste heat, refrigeration systems, etc. (A, B, H, I, J, K, L, M in Fig. 2). Energy is taken for low temperature heating, concrete core activation and as a heat source for (domestic water) heat pumps (N, Ο, X in Fig. 2); - 6 ° C / 12 ° C (TN2.1) Cold is supplied from air conditioning systems, heat pumps, refrigeration systems and other cold sources (earth register XK, L, Μ, N in Fig. 2). Refrigeration is taken for air conditioning, concrete core activations, condensation of freezers, hybrid PV systems, etc. (A, H, U, V in Fig. 2).

Instead of the thermal energy is used only for heating purposes at a relatively high temperature level (L and M in the figure), should also be offered in addition thermal energy at a lower temperature level, which are used for cooling, air conditioning and low temperature heating or concrete core activations can (D, E, F, I and K in Fig. 2).

In these Bezügern, which can not directly use the thermal energy from the respective temperature levels, since their demands require different temperature levels, the respective needs on (optimized) systems should be met on site (low temperature strokes).

The "waste heat / cold" from all commercial and industrial processes should, if this can not be used directly, be fed into the respective temperature rails.

So new in the existing trenches of district heating (or in the new trenches to be created) are now several lines with a larger diameter than before.

These lines are dimensioned so that corresponding amounts of energy can be transported by means of small temperature differences .DELTA.Τ energiegünstig in the network. Due to the large line volume also creates an energy storage.

As with the photovoltaic systems then new recipients depending on the situation also to providers of energy (electricity).

Also, as is customary in photovoltaic systems, it may well be sensible to use the energy first as far as possible on site and only to transfer the excess to "outside" or to draw the missing from "outside".

So then there are subscribers who only receive thermal energy from the grid or only deliver thermal energy to the grid, and there are subscribers who refer and deliver, and this at different temperature levels.

In as many participants with different processes, there is a balancing high simultaneity of supply and demand and it must be provided in the ideal case, only little balancing energy (reheating, cooling, temperature maintenance).

Existing infrastructure (air conditioning, heat pumps, etc.) can be adapted to such systems and continue to be used. For new investments, the plants can be offered optimized for the thermal conditions (for example by using modules).

Private participants can invest only in the compensation of the temperature rails and offer and sell thermal energy.

Furthermore, it is conceivable, e.g. for the temperature rail TS2.2 with the temperature level TN2 between 25 ° C and 35 ° C existing gas networks (natural gas networks) 14 to use.

It is also conceivable to use CO 2 as the carrier medium for certain temperature rails (in particular with a low temperature level) instead of water. The CO 2 would require significantly smaller pipe diameters for the same transmission power and the energy transfer could occur at the same temperature (evaporation temperature). It would then come with a liquid or partially vaporized CO 2 to the transfer stations and evaporated by the addition of heat a little more C02 so that the evaporation rate increases slightly. Other transfer stations would then re-liquefy the CO 2 by removing heat. The pressure range of the C02 lines would be below 80 bar (<30 ° C, <74 bar) which is approximately the pressure range for gas lines.

CO 2 would have the advantage of being incombustible. Natural gas would have the advantage of being able to use existing gas networks and the sometimes existing domestic connections. There would simply have to be provided a return line, so that a part of the gas circulates and a part of the gas is consumed.

The advantages of the new energy concept are: - High safety and availability - High energy efficiency and effectiveness - High simultaneity for many subscribers - Long running times of the installed infrastructure and therefore less infrastructure needed - Storage of thermal energy centrally (in the piping systems) and not more decentralized for each participant - space savings due to elimination of storage facilities and significantly smaller systems to meet the different temperature requirements - no recoolers and thus no noise emissions - high performance increase through free cooling - waste heat of different temperature levels from processes is used - reduced investment, maintenance - and energy costs of the participants - Compensation management for electrical energy feasible (smart grid) - Integration of earth registers (scarcity of fields for earth registers exists in part already) - Can be combined with other thermal sources such as thermal So Long-term investment in infrastructure (transmission grids) with good returns, as more energy that was produced more efficiently and effectively can be sold (hot, cold , Electricity) - More liquidity for participants, as the investment on site is smaller - More space for the participants, since smaller installations are needed - Higher infrastructure life - Less material use - Smaller connection performance (electrical) at the participants - Simpler facilities - Less maintenance - Less energy needed

REFERENCE NUMBER LIST [0053] 10 energy composite system (thermal)

Claims (10)

11 Energy network (thermal) 12a-i Subscriber TS1 Temperature rail TS2.1-TS2.3 Temperature rail TN1-TN4 Temperature level 13 Power network 14 Gas network Patent claims 1. Thermal power network system (10), which comprises a thermal energy network (11) to which a plurality of participants (12a-12i) are connected and feed thermal energy into the energy network (11) and / or from the energy network (11), wherein the energy network (11) comprises a first temperature rail (TS1), on which a first heat transfer medium at a predetermined first temperature level (TN4) flows through the energy network (11), characterized in that within the energy network (11) at least one second temperature rail (TS2 .1-TS2.3) is provided, on which a second heat transfer medium at a predetermined second temperature level (TN1-TN3) flows through the energy network (11), which second temperature level (TN1-TN3) is different from the first temperature level (TN4) , 2. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second heat transfer medium are the same. 3. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and second heat transfer medium consists predominantly of water. 4. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 1, characterized in that the second temperature level (TN1-TN3) is smaller than the first temperature level (TN4). 5. Thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy network (11) comprises a plurality of second temperature rails (TS2.1-TS2.3) whose temperature levels (TN1-TN3) differ from each other and are smaller than the first temperature level (TN4 ). 6. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 5, characterized in that at least three second temperature rails (TS2.1-TS2.3) with associated temperature levels (TN1-TN3) are present. 7. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 6, characterized in that the first temperature level (TN4) is about 90 ° C, and that the second temperature levels (TN1-TN3) between 6 ° C and 12 ° C (TN1), between 25 ° C and 35 ° C (TN2) and between 60 ° C and 65 ° C (TN3). 8. Thermal power system according to claim 1, characterized in that the power grid 11 in addition, a power grid 13 is connected in parallel. 9. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 1, characterized in that for one of the second temperature rails (TS2.1-TS2.3), in particular the temperature rail (TS2.2) with the temperature level (TN2) between 25 ° C and 35 ° C, an existing gas network (14) is used. 10. Thermal energy composite system according to claim 1, characterized in that for at least one of the temperature rails (TS1, TS2.1-TS2.3) C02 is used as a carrier medium.