CH705520B1 - Incinerator. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a waste incineration plant (1.1) for the combustion of municipal waste and contaminated hazardous waste with at least one incinerator (6). The waste incineration plant (1.1) contains a disinfection device (30) for the pretreatment of contaminated hazardous waste (36). For this purpose, the disinfection device (30) contains a disinfection container (31) with a treatment chamber (32) for the pretreatment of the contaminated hazardous waste (36).

Description

The invention relates to the field of waste disposal and relates to a waste incineration plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and an operating method according to the preamble of claim 11.

State of the art

It is known to eliminate municipal waste, especially household waste and industrial and commercial waste, in so-called waste incineration plants. The term "waste" is synonymous with the terms "rubbish" and "rubbish". Waste incineration plants are also known in Germany under the name waste incineration plants (MVA) and in Switzerland under the name waste incineration plants (KVA). Waste incineration is a thermal treatment process which aims at burning the atmospheric combustible fraction of waste for the purpose of reducing the volume of the waste by utilizing the combustion energy involved and along with compacting the residual and concentrating the pollutants for further recovery or landfill.

Conventional waste incineration plants for municipal waste usually include an open waste bunker, in which the supplied municipal waste via tippers, which form Abkippstellen is abandoned. In the waste bunker, the municipal waste is mixed through a crane device and fed in portions to a feeding hopper. The municipal waste passes through the hopper and a subsequent feed chute in the incinerator, where it is burned.

For a waste incineration plant can be operated effectively, the delivered municipal waste must contain a certain proportion of combustible material. The combustible fraction of municipal waste includes e.g. Plastics, wood, paper or cardboard. The higher this proportion, the more efficiently a waste incineration plant can be operated without the addition of additional fuel such as oil. The municipal waste, however, usually also comprises a non-combustible fraction which is e.g. Metals, glass or non-combustible building materials.

The resulting from the combustion of municipal waste combustion energy can be used and converted by appropriate means, for example, in electrical energy, district heating or process steam.

In addition to the reduction in volume and the use of energy, the waste incineration, in contrast to the also known direct landfill of municipal waste still further advantages. Thus, the combustion residues such as slag and ash under atmospheric conditions or under landfill conditions are inert or at least chemically stable than untreated municipal waste. The combustion residues can therefore deposit safely and are less problematic in terms of environmental impact.

For example, the incineration residues no longer contain any problematic organic material such as e.g. toxic organic compounds or contaminated organic material.

In addition to conventional municipal waste, which usually untreated fed to a waste incineration plant or can be disposed of directly, there are also special waste, which may be eliminated under current legislation under appropriate security arrangements in waste incineration or which may be deposited directly after a decontamination pretreatment.

This category of hazardous waste includes so-called medical waste such as hospital waste. These are organic waste or waste with an organic content with a risk of contamination. The risk of contamination arises from possible pathogenic agents such as viruses or bacteria, which may be contained in the organic portion of hazardous waste. Such infectious hazardous waste may e.g. Include tissue or body fluids such as blood, secretions or excretions. Furthermore, these hazardous wastes include, inter alia, objects such as cotton swabs, garments, syringes or laboratory waste in general, which have come into contact with the aforementioned organic material.

It is known to decontaminate such hazardous waste, which should be dumped directly in specially provided pre-treatment facilities on site. Decontamination is usually done at the waste generator, i. before the hazardous waste is supplied to a landfill by means of appropriate transport vehicles. The decontamination takes place, for example, by the method of moist heat sterilization. According to this method, the hazardous waste is sterilized by means of temperatures above 100 ° C and under steam pressure in an autoclave. The operation of such facilities requires special expertise and can therefore only be guaranteed by suitably trained specialist staff. For hospitals, such a facility therefore means a comparatively high investment and operating costs. In many cases, the utilization of such a device is insufficient, as it is fed only with hospital-internal hazardous waste. Another aspect is the steam generation, which is also associated with a high investment and operating costs. Furthermore, the direct disposal of decontaminated hazardous waste in landfills is a no longer timely and therefore unsatisfactory solution to waste disposal.

If said special waste a waste incineration plant, as described above, fed, a previous decontamination of hazardous waste is considered not necessary according to common technical opinion. Accordingly, the legislation does not provide for decontamination in such a case. This attitude is based on the fact that the special waste in the incinerator is ultimately thermally destroyed and decontaminated in this way. Only safety precautions must be taken to ensure the hazardous transport of hazardous waste to the waste incineration plant.

Thus, it is known that air-tight and germ-tight packaging the untreated hazardous waste in suitable containers and to transport the hazardous waste in these containers by means of suitable transport vehicles for waste incineration plant. According to common practice, the hazardous waste in the waste incineration plant, together with the containers, is transferred directly to the hopper or via dumping points to the waste bunker. This procedure is considered safe as long as the containers, e.g. hermetically sealed, rigid boxes can remain undamaged. However, when tipping the hazardous waste into the waste bunker and especially when mixing and gripping the hazardous waste by the crane device, there is a considerable risk that the containers are damaged or even destroyed and the hazardous waste in the waste bunker or in the hopper is exposed. Since the refuse bunker is under vacuum for safety reasons, the risk of contamination during normal operation is low even in such a case. However, if there is a malfunction with interruption of service, there is a significant risk of contamination for the technical staff, which has to penetrate into waste leading areas of the system for the elimination of faults. For example, it may happen that the waste incineration plant has to be stopped by emergency stop, stopping waste incineration. Before the system can be started up again, unburnt waste must be removed from the combustion chamber and from the systems following the incineration (ash removal).

The thermal destruction of such hazardous waste in waste incineration plants has the advantage over the direct landfill that all organic material destroyed and thus outgoing from this, any potential damage is eliminated. In addition, the combustion residues deposited on a landfill no longer allow any conclusion as to the type and origin of the waste. Despite these advantages, the currently known common processes, procedures and facilities for the disposal of such hazardous waste in waste incineration plants are not satisfactory in terms of safety and no longer meet today's safety needs. It can therefore also be assumed that the legal provisions concerning the handling of such hazardous waste in waste incineration plants will be tightened in the future.

Presentation of the invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to propose a waste incineration plant and an associated operating method, which allow contaminated medical waste to be safely eliminated regardless of the operating state of the waste incineration plant.

The object is achieved by a waste incineration plant according to the features of claim 1 and by an operating method according to the features of claim 11. The dependent claims contain preferred developments and embodiments of the invention.

The invention is characterized by the fact that the waste incineration plant has a disinfection device for the pretreatment of contaminated hazardous waste. The disinfection device contains for this purpose:

The inventive waste incineration plant falls under the category of waste incineration plants (waste incineration plants) (MVA) and refuse incineration plants (KVA) for the disposal of household waste and waste from industry and commerce, hereinafter collectively called municipal waste.

The waste incineration plants suitably comprise an open waste bunker, in which the supplied waste is abandoned. In waste incineration plants basically two types of bunkers are used. A first bunker type is the so-called flat bunker, which is characterized by an area on which the municipal waste is unloaded and taken up by the garbage picker. A second bunker type is the so-called underground bunker, which is characterized by a receiving space, which is charged with the municipal waste. The municipal waste is abandoned, for example, a tipping device containing Abkippstellen. The tilting means may e.g. include a Abkippkante.

In the waste bin, the waste is mixed to obtain a uniform distribution of combustible and non-combustible waste. The waste incineration plant also suitably comprises a feeding device, via which the incinerator is charged with waste. The feeder preferably includes a hopper, also called waste hopper, and a subsequent feed shaft, also called hopper over which the waste reaches the incinerator.

The feeding device or the associated hopper is preferably fed via a crane device with gripper with waste from the refuse bunker. The crane device allows the portioning of the waste for the purpose of transfer to the task device. The crane device also serves to mix the waste in the waste bunker.

Furthermore, the waste incineration plant may include a metering device for metering the waste fed from the hopper into the incinerator.

The incinerator forms a combustion chamber in which the waste is burned. The incinerator may, in a known manner, contain a combustion grate on which the waste is conveyed into and through the combustion chamber.

The proposed in this waste incinerator disinfection device operates preferably according to the principle of thermal disinfection under moist heat. The method may include pasteurization or sterilization.

According to a particularly preferred method, the contaminated hazardous waste is pretreated in a pressure vessel or autoclave under elevated temperature and vapor pressure. The temperature is above 100 ° C, e.g. 120 ° C to 160 ° C. The autoclave describes a gas-tight sealable pressure vessel for the thermal pretreatment of special waste in the overpressure area. Overpressure means that the pressure in the chamber is higher than the ambient pressure, which usually corresponds to the atmospheric pressure.

The disinfection device is preferably a steam sterilization device, in which the contaminated hazardous waste are sterilized in a pressure vessel at elevated temperatures and under supply of process steam. For this purpose, water vapor, which is generated in a steam generating device of the incinerator described below, is preferably supplied via supply means. However, the process steam may also be in a separate, e.g. specially produced for the disinfection device steam generating device are produced. The treatment of special waste under vapor pressure conditions causes, for example, spores of the bacteria to swell. This makes them less resistant than, for example, when using dry heat. The disinfection device preferably also contains heating means for heating the special waste to be treated in the disinfection container.

Steam sterilization facilities for the pretreatment of medical hazardous waste are known per se. For example, DE 10 032 390 B4 or EP 0 277 507 B1 describe such devices whose functional principle is also suitable for use in connection with the present invention. The steam sterilization device can in particular also be operated by the so-called fractionated vacuum vapor method. The fractionated vacuum steam method is characterized by a repeated repeated change of evacuation and steam inflow with a subsequent steam supply until reaching the necessary for the sterilization or disinfection steam pressure or the steam temperature and holding the pressure for the duration of the reaction time.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the waste incineration plant as mentioned above, a steam generating device for generating water vapor from the combustion heat generated in the combustion furnace. The waste incineration plant further contains supply means, by means of which process steam generated in the steam generating device can be supplied to the pressure vessel treatment chamber of the disinfection device.

The steam generating device includes in particular a steam boiler for generating pressure-loaded water vapor. The supply means are designed for decoupling process steam, in particular pressure-loaded process steam from the steam boiler or a process stage downstream of the steam boiler. Pressurized means that the vapor pressure is above the ambient pressure, in particular above the ambient atmospheric pressure. Thus, the decoupled process steam can have a pressure of more than 2 bara (absolute bar), in particular of more than 3 bara.

According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the waste incineration plant comprises an energy conversion device, wherein the steam generating device is part of the energy conversion device. The energy conversion device includes at least one steam turbine and at least one generator for generating electrical energy.

The water vapor generated in the steam generating device from the heat of combustion is turbinated in the energy conversion device. Turbinating means in the present context that the generated primary steam, also called live steam, is passed through a steam turbine, drives it and the work obtained from it is converted into electrical energy by means of a generator. The steam turbine may e.g. be a back pressure steam turbine. According to the invention, part of the non-turbinated and / or already turbinated water vapor is now branched off via the supply means and fed to the disinfection device.

The live steam generated from the heat energy of the hot combustion gases is under pressure and may e.g. have a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 42 bara (absolute bar). The recovery of electrical energy can be a one- or multi-step process. That is, the water vapor can be turbinated one or more times. Accordingly, the water vapor is released in several steps.

When turbinating relaxes as already mentioned, the water vapor, wherein the released by the relaxation energy is converted into electrical energy. The term "relax" means that the vapor pressure and possibly also the temperature decreases. Depending on the level of vapor pressure after turbinating, e.g. Medium pressure steam or low pressure steam. While the live steam, as mentioned above, for example, has a pressure of 38 to 42 bara, the medium pressure steam has a significantly lower pressure of e.g. 14 bara and the low pressure steam once again lower pressure of e.g. 5 bara on.

Two-stage processes are particularly known in which the live steam is expanded in a first step to medium pressure steam and in a second step to low pressure steam. The medium or low pressure steam, which is usually no longer turbinated, is e.g. used in industry or in hot water production.

The process steam available in the steam generating device is preferably under overpressure. Since the disinfection device preferably operates with a process steam of 2 to 8 bara, in particular of 3 to 6 bara, preferably turbinated medium and / or low-pressure steam is decoupled from the energy conversion device and fed to the disinfection device. The decoupled steam can be turbinated one, two or more times. However, it is also possible that for the above purposes (not yet) turbinated steam, that is, live steam, is coupled out. In this connection, the disinfection device may include a heat exchanger for recovering the heat energy from the process steam consumed in the disinfection device.

The hazardous waste is fed via the charging device to an inlet opening of the pressure vessel. The system may further comprise means for weighing the delivered hazardous waste before transferring the same to the pressure vessel. The weighing means may be part of the feeding device.

The inlet opening of the pressure vessel is closable by means of a closure member and preferably in the upper region, e.g. in the lid region of the pressure vessel, arranged. The charging device and the pressure vessel are preferably arranged so that the special waste with gravity support or exclusively by gravity from the charging device can be transferred to the pressure vessel. The filling opening is therefore preferably arranged on top of the pressure vessel and the hazardous waste leading parts of the charging device, such as conveyor or chute, are preferably arranged above or at the same height to the filling opening.

According to a development of the invention, the charging device contains a comminution unit for comminuting the supplied hazardous waste. The crushing unit is for example a shredder. The crushing unit may also be part of the pressure vessel and be arranged for example in a filling area or in another area of the pressure vessel. The crushing unit is arranged in particular in the treatment chamber of the pressure vessel. In this way, the regular disinfection or sterilization of the crushing unit is guaranteed.

The pressure vessel may contain level sensors, which measure the level of the pressure vessel and pass it on to a control device. The filling of the pressure vessel is preferably carried out fully automatically via the control device, based on level measurements. The level sensor may be a weight sensor. Furthermore, the pressure vessel also contains temperature and pressure sensors for measuring the temperature and the pressure in the pressure vessel for the purpose of fully automated control of the sterilization process by means of a control device. The control device can in principle be designed to monitor the disinfection or sterilization process and possibly also to log. In this way the processes can be reconstructed afterwards.

The sterilized hazardous waste is removed via a closable with a closure member outlet opening from the pressure vessel and passed to a removal device. The outlet opening is preferably arranged in the direction of gravity below the inlet opening and preferably in the bottom of the pressure vessel. The pressure vessel or its outlet opening and the removal device are preferably arranged so that the sterilized hazardous waste with gravity support or exclusively by gravity from the pressure vessel of the removal device is transferred.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the disinfection device includes a removal device for conveying away the dismissed from the pressure vessel, pretreated hazardous waste. The removal device may e.g. be adapted to the pretreated hazardous waste the waste bunker, the feeder, e.g. the hopper or the feed chute or directly to the incinerator, for example, via appropriate input sluice zuzufördern. The way conveyor may e.g. contain a solids pump by means of which the pretreated hazardous waste is pumped into the waste bunker, the feeder or directly into the combustion chamber. Thanks to the solids pump, the pretreated hazardous waste can be pumped within the plant area over a relatively long distance, so that the disinfection device does not necessarily have to be placed in the immediate vicinity of the incinerator. The pretreated hazardous waste may e.g. be conveyed by a belt conveyor and / or screw conveyor from the pressure vessel to the solids pump or to a receiving device of the solids pump.

The waste incineration plant may have input ports via which the e.g. Pre-treated special waste produced with the solid pump is given to the waste bunker or the feeding device or directly into the combustion chamber. The feed device, in particular a hopper or a feed chute, or the waste bunker can accordingly have an input lock for introducing the special waste pretreated in the disinfection device. Furthermore, for the stated purpose, an input gate can also lead directly into the combustion chamber of the incinerator.

The solids pump is a valveless piston pump and allows the promotion of solid material with a relatively low liquid content. That is, the solid pump does not require a liquid carrier medium. The addition of a liquid component such as water or lubricant is required at most to convert the material to be pumped into a pumpable consistency or to allow the promotion of solids. The solids pump is in particular an oil-hydraulic piston pump.

The solids pump is particularly preferably a hydraulic, in particular oil-hydraulic two-cylinder thick matter pump, whose cylinders can be connected in operation via a diverter valve with a subsequent closed pipe (transport line). The two alternately operating delivery cylinder open via frontal openings in a material feeding device. The material feeding device, which e.g. comprises a container or a hopper or hopper, contains an inlet opening through which the pumpable hazardous waste e.g. is supplied from a mixing unit. Such solid-state pumps which operate according to the same basic principle mentioned above are described, for example, in the publications EP-A-0 297 281 and EP-A-0 849 469, the contents of which are hereby expressly referred to. The solids pump contains pressure sensors for measuring the pressure in the pumping line. The measured data flow into the control device for controlling the solids pump.

It can be provided that, in addition to the pretreated special waste, further material such as sludge that can be pumped (for example sewage sludge, road sludge or sludge from oil separators) are supplied to the material application device. The other pumpable hazardous waste can be mixed with the pretreated special waste and pumped as a mixture. For this purpose, a mixing unit may be provided in the area of the material feeding device. The further pumpable hazardous waste can be supplied via feeders to the material feeding device of the solids pump, the feed device can e.g. a belt conveyor and / or screw conveyor included.

Following the pressure vessel or to the mixing unit and in front of the solids pump, a pre-pressing unit, e.g. a Vorpressschnecke be provided, in which the hazardous waste is compacted before pumping.

The invention also relates to a method for operating a waste incineration plant as described above.

The method is characterized by the following method steps:

Thermal removal in the present context means the burning of the waste. Among other things, slag and ash remain as combustion products.

The pretreatment of the special waste in the disinfection device is advantageously carried out in batches, i.e. in a batch-wise manner, because of the typical completion of the preferably used pressure vessel with respect to the surrounding atmosphere. in batch mode. However, the sterilization cycle is preferably fully automatically controlled.

The pretreated special waste, as already explained, e.g. conveyed via a removal device in the waste bunker, in the feeder or directly into the combustion chamber for thermal destruction.

As already explained, special waste such as medical waste from hospitals, laboratories or medical practices are preferably disinfected or sterilized in the disinfection device. Furthermore, veterinary waste from veterinary clinics or veterinary practices can also be pretreated in the disinfection facility. Furthermore, it is also possible to treat slaughterhouse and butchery waste in said facility. However, the abovementioned list is not intended to exclude further unspecified hazardous waste, which for safety reasons is to be subjected to a disinfection or sterilization process.

The disinfection device may have a modular structure and be designed to retrofit existing waste incineration plants and for installation in new waste incineration plants.

The invention has the advantage that the contaminated hazardous waste are decontaminated before the task in the refuse bunker or in the task device, so that they pose no security risk to the operating personnel more.

The present invention ensures a safe and reliable handling of such hazardous waste and closes previous vulnerabilities in the handling of such hazardous waste in the field of existing waste incineration plants. The treatment process is completely closed, odorless, reliable and environmentally friendly. The pretreated special waste no longer has to be supplied to the waste bunker or the feed device under special safety precautions, but can be treated like ordinary municipal waste in this regard. In particular, the pretreated special waste no longer has to be supplied to the waste bunker or the feed device in special containers.

The disinfection device can be controlled by means of the charging device and / or the removal device from the task of special waste to the charging device, e.g. by the supplier, until and with the introduction of the pretreated special waste into the waste bunker, the feeding device or directly into the incinerator, fully automatically and without manual intervention. Thus, from the time of transfer of the supplied special waste to the feeder up to and with to destroy the special waste in the incinerator safe and safe handling of hazardous waste is guaranteed.

Thanks to the decoupling of process steam from the steam generating device of the waste incineration plant, the disinfection device can also operate energy-saving and economical. A separate steam generating device is therefore no longer necessary. The process steam of power generation, which as it were generated as a waste product in the waste incineration plant, finds a further use, so that it is not possible to speak of an additional expenditure of energy for providing process steam for the disinfection device. Furthermore, the waste generators themselves do not need to install their own disinfection equipment, as e.g. This is the case if the hazardous waste is to be dumped directly at a landfill site. The disinfection system provided as part of a waste incineration plant can be better utilized by pretreating the special waste collected in a certain feeder cycle.

Brief description of the drawings

In the following, the subject invention will be explained in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments, which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each show: <Tb> FIG. 1: <SEP> is a schematic view of a section from the combustion region of a waste incineration plant according to the invention; <Tb> FIG. 2: <SEP> is a schematic overview of a waste incineration plant according to the invention.

The reference numerals used in the drawings and their meaning are listed in the list of reference numerals summarized. Basically, the same parts are provided with the same reference numerals in the figures.

Ways to carry out the invention

1 shows a section of the combustion region of a waste incineration plant 1 according to the invention. The waste incineration plant 1 contains a combustion furnace 6 with a combustion chamber 14 for incinerating the waste 2 and a combustion grate 7 arranged in the combustion chamber 14, on which the waste 2 is burned becomes. The waste incineration plant 1 also contains a waste bunker 3, in which delivered municipal waste 2 is temporarily stored and mixed until incineration. For the purpose of municipal waste 2 in the bunker room of the refuse bunker 3, a so-called tilting means 15 is provided. The e.g. Municipal waste 2 delivered by means of transport vehicles 16 is unloaded at the dumping device 15 and conveyed with gravity assistance into the deeper bunker space of the waste bunker 3. The waste 2, which is transported via the tipping device 15 in the bunker room, it is a safe municipal waste, which requires no special pretreatment. For this purpose, the tilting device 15 can form a sliding ramp over which the municipal waste slips into the bunker space. Furthermore, the waste incineration plant 1 comprises a feed device with a feed hopper 4 and a feed chute 5. The municipal waste 2 is conveyed by means of a crane device 17 with gripper from the waste bunker 3 into the feed hopper 4 and from there, e.g. by means of gravity support, via the feed chute 5 and a metering device (not shown) into the combustion chamber 14 of the incinerator 6, in particular a combustion grate 7 in the combustion chamber 14, out.

In the waste bunker 3, in the hopper 4, in the feed shaft 5 and / or in the combustion furnace 6 itself input sluices 13a ... d may be provided by which the described below, pretreated hazardous waste can be fed into the disposal path of the remaining waste 2. The disposal path here corresponds to the path of the municipal waste through the incinerator until its disposal in the incinerator. The residual waste means that waste which does not require any special pretreatment, such as unproblematic municipal waste, which is e.g. is delivered via the Abkippstellen. The waste incineration plant 1 has, for the purpose of introducing the pretreated hazardous wastes, expediently only one of the inputlocks 13 a ... d, which are shown only symbolically, and which can be attached to one of the abovementioned sites. The pretreated hazardous waste is therefore not fed via the tipping devices 15 in the general disposal path.

The waste incineration plant 1 further comprises an energy conversion device 8 with steam generating device 12 for generating live steam and with a steam turbine 9 and a generator 10 for generating electrical energy from the steam steamed via the steam turbine 9. The pressure-laden live steam is produced in the steam generating device 12 from the waste heat of the combustion process, in particular from the heat energy of the hot combustion gases (not shown). The live steam is then turbinated via one or more stages in one or more steam turbines 9. The work done is converted by means of generator 10 into electrical energy, which in turn is fed into a power grid 18.

The turbinated vapor, i. the completely turbinated or teilurbinierte steam or simply only the pressure-reduced steam, which still has a residual overpressure and a relative to the environment increased temperature is now performed as process steam via a supply device 11 to the disinfection device 30 (see also Fig. 2).

The waste incineration plant 1 further contains a disinfection device 30 (see FIG. 2) with a pressure vessel 31, in which the hazardous waste is sterilized under pressure with steam and elevated temperatures.

The disinfection device 30 also includes a crushing unit 33 arranged in the pressure vessel 31 for comminuting the special waste 36 to be treated in the pressure vessel 31. The comminution aggregate 33 can be arranged in the region of a feed opening 44 or elsewhere in the pressure vessel 31. However, the comminution unit 33 is arranged in the process, and in particular in the treatment chamber 32, that this is also disinfected. The pressure vessel 31 has a feed opening 44 closable with a closure member 53. The feed opening is in an upper region, i. arranged in the lid region of the pressure vessel 31.

The disinfection device 30 further has a charging device 34, by means of which the untreated hazardous waste 36 of the feed opening 44 of the pressure vessel 31 is supplied. The feeder 34 comprises e.g. a belt conveyor or, as shown, a feed chute 42. The charging device 34 further comprises a metering unit 43, by means of which the special waste 36 metered can be supplied to the pressure vessel 31. The dosing unit 43 is e.g. in the region of the delivery point at which the special waste 36 is transferred from the charging device 34 to the pressure vessel 31, arranged.

Further, the feeder 34 may be preceded by a scale 41, such as belt scale, which serves to directly measure the weight of the delivered or discharged hazardous waste 36. Alternatively or in addition to the balance 41, a vehicle scale 40 may be provided, which weighs the special waste supplying transport vehicle 39 before and after unloading the special waste 36 and thus determines the weight of the discharged hazardous waste 36 indirectly.

The shredded hazardous waste is recovered in the treatment chamber 32 of the pressure vessel 31 using heat and pressurized steam (e.g., at 138 ° C and 4 bara) for a defined time, e.g. 10 minutes, sterilized. Upon completion of sterilization, the pretreated, i. sterilized hazardous waste to be cooled by a forced cooling. For this purpose, cooling water lines 46, which lead cooling water to the pressure vessel 31, are provided. To the pressure vessel 31, a condensate line 45 for discharging condensed water and a sewer line 48 for discharging contaminated waste water from the pressure vessel 31 are connected in the following.

The pressure vessel 31 is supplied via the supply device 11 with turbinated process steam from the energy conversion device 8. The supply device 11 accordingly comprises a vapor pressure line, via which the process steam is decoupled from the energy conversion device 8 and fed into the pressure vessel 30 of the disinfection device 30.

The sterilized hazardous waste 37 is removed from the pressure vessel 31 via an outlet opening 54 which can be closed by a closure member 55 and transferred to a removal device 35. The outlet port 54 is mounted in the direction of gravity below the inlet port 44 and in the bottom of the pressure vessel 31. The pressure vessel 31 or its outlet opening 54 and the removal device are arranged so that the sterilized special waste 37 is transferred with gravity support from the pressure vessel of the removal device 35.

As mentioned, the disinfection device 30 includes a removal device 35, via which the treated hazardous waste 37 the waste bunker 3, the feeder or directly to the incinerator 6, e.g. via an input lock 13a-d. The removal device includes, inter alia, a solids pump 38, in the form of an oil-hydraulic piston pump, by means of which the pretreated hazardous waste 37 is pumped into the disposal path of the remaining waste. The solids pump 38 may have means 47 for feeding lubricant, in particular water.

The waste incineration plant 1 further comprises a metering device 50 for the metering of further pumpable hazardous waste 52, such as sludges, e.g. Sewage sludge, road sludge or oil sludge to the Wegfördereinrichtung 35. The added special waste 52 can be supplied for example via the metering device 50 to a mixing unit 51, in which also the drained from the pressure vessel 30 sterilized hazardous waste 37 is fed. In the mixing unit 51, the metered special waste 52 and the sterilized special waste 37 are mixed together. The special waste mixture is then compressed via a pre-compression worm 49 and fed to the solids pump 38 and pumped through this. The mixing unit 51 may include a feed hopper and a mixing screw. Instead of the solids pump 38, another conveyor such as belt conveyors may be provided.

The metering device and thus the addition of further hazardous waste and the mixing unit, the transport scale, the hazardous waste balance and the concrete design of the feeder are not mandatory features of the present embodiment. Likewise, the exact arrangement of the inlet and outlet openings and the Crushing units in the pressure vessel are not mandatory features of the present embodiment.

Claims (15)

1. Waste incineration plant (1) for incinerating municipal waste and contaminated hazardous waste (36) with at least one incinerator (6), characterized in that the waste incineration plant (1) comprises a disinfection device (30) for the pretreatment of contaminated hazardous waste (36) and the disinfection device (30) contains a disinfection vessel (31) with a treatment chamber (32) for the pretreatment of the contaminated hazardous waste (36). 2. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the disinfection container (31) is a pressure vessel for disinfecting or sterilizing the contaminated hazardous waste (36) under pressure. 3. Waste incineration plant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the disinfection device (30) is a steam sterilization device. 4. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the waste incineration plant (1) contains a steam generating device (12) for generating water vapor from the combustion heat generated in the combustion furnace (6) and the disinfecting means (30) for the pretreatment of the contaminated hazardous waste is designed with moist heat and the waste incineration plant (1) supply means (11) for supplying steam generated in the steam generating device (12) in the pressure vessel (31) of the disinfection device (30). 5. Waste incineration plant according to claim 4, characterized in that the waste incineration plant (1) comprises an energy conversion device (8), wherein the steam generating device (12) is part of the energy conversion device (8) and the energy conversion device (8) a steam turbine (9) and a generator (10) for generating electrical energy and the supply means (11) are designed for decoupling a portion of the non-turbinated or turbinated process steam. 6. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the disinfection device (30) contains a charging device (34) for charging the disinfection container (31) with contaminated hazardous waste (36) and the charging device (34) preferably a crushing unit (33 ) for crushing the contaminated hazardous waste (36) supplied. 7. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the disinfection device (30) includes a removal device (35) for conveying away from the disinfection container (31) discharged, pretreated hazardous waste (37). 8. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the disinfection device (30) contains a heat exchanger for recovering the heat energy contained in the water vapor. 9. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the waste incineration plant (1) comprises a feed device (4, 5) for charging the incinerator (6) with municipal waste and the feeding device (4, 5) an input lock (13 ) for introducing the pretreated in the disinfection device (30) hazardous waste (37). 10. Waste incineration plant according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the waste incineration plant (1) contains a, preferably open waste bunker (3) for receiving the municipal waste supplied and that in the disinfection device (30) pretreated hazardous waste on the removal device in the Waste bunker (3) can be fed. 11. A method for operating a waste incineration plant (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following steps: - loading the disinfection device (30) with contaminated hazardous waste (36), Disinfecting the contaminated special waste (36) in the disinfection container (31) of the disinfection device (30), - Removing the pretreated special waste (37) from the disinfection container (31); - Supplying the pretreated special waste (37) to the incinerator (6) and thermal removal of the pretreated special waste (37) by means of combustion. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the contaminated hazardous waste (36) is disinfected by means of moist heat in the disinfection container (31), fed thereto via the supply means (11) in the steam generating device (12) of the waste incineration plant (1) generated water vapor becomes. 13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that in the steam generating device (12) by means of the combustion furnace (6) generated heat of combustion water vapor is generated and the water vapor in the energy conversion device (8) is turbinated and the supply means (11) a Part of the non-turbinated and / or turbinated water vapor coupled and the disinfection device (30) is supplied. 14. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the disinfection device (30) is operated in batches. 15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the path of the municipal waste through the waste incineration plant until its combustion in the incinerator describes a disposal path and the pretreated hazardous waste (37) after removal from the pressure vessel (31) and before the Introducing into the disposal path of municipal waste (2) further, in particular pumpable, hazardous waste such as sludge is added and the special waste mixture is then fed into the disposal path.