CH675984A5 - Heat-shaped laminar items - consist of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering and intermediate layers - Google Patents

Heat-shaped laminar items - consist of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering and intermediate layers Download PDF

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Publication number
CH675984A5
CH675984A5 CH871/88A CH87188A CH675984A5 CH 675984 A5 CH675984 A5 CH 675984A5 CH 871/88 A CH871/88 A CH 871/88A CH 87188 A CH87188 A CH 87188A CH 675984 A5 CH675984 A5 CH 675984A5
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CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
porous
products
heat
layer
layers
Prior art date
Application number
CH871/88A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Ivan Gheczy
Original Assignee
Matec Holding
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matec Holding filed Critical Matec Holding
Priority to CH871/88A priority Critical patent/CH675984A5/en
Publication of CH675984A5 publication Critical patent/CH675984A5/en

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/10Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a discontinuous layer, i.e. formed of separate pieces of material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/22Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
    • B32B5/24Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/28Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer impregnated with or embedded in a plastic substance
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/02Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
    • F16L59/029Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials layered
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/08Reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2305/00Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2305/34Inserts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/304Insulating

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The items arew of heat-shaped laminar material consisting of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering (1,11) and/or intermediate (2,12,18) layers. The items contain any desired number of three-dimensional plastics resin components (5,7), extending through a layer (3) rendered partly permeable by perforations. For heat insulation, the intermediate layers can be of loose material such as fibre mat, mineral or plastics foam or strips. ADVANTAGE - Good adhesion between layers, being particularly for use as automotive components.

Description

       

  
 



  Grossflächige Kunststoffteile mit erhöhter Festigkeit werden in der Massenfertigung immer häufiger an Stelle von armierten Duroplasten in armierten Thermoplasten, insbesondere aus Polypropylen mit Glasmattenverstärkung, hergestellt. Dabei wird das als Tafelware gehandelte GMT (Glasmatten-Thermoplast) beispielsweise in einem Tunnelheizofen auf ca. 200 DEG  C erhitzt und anschliessend in Presswerkzeugen verformt. Solche Teile haben in letzter Zeit immer mehr Eingang in den Fahrzeugbau, insbesondere die Autoindustrie, z.B. als Bodenplatten,aber auch als räumliche Gebilde wie Sitzschalen und Batteriekasten, gefunden. Um solche Teile als Wärme- und Schallschutz wie auch zur Abschirmung gegen elektromagnetische Interferenz zu verwenden, sind die GMT-Formteile mit reflektierender Aluminiumfolie beplankt worden.

  Dabei erwies sich die Haftung der Deckschicht als Beplankung am Kunststoffkörper als mangelhaft und zu gering. Somit zeigte sich diese an sich rationelle Konstruktion nur für thermisch mässige Belastungen  als geeignet. Durch das Aufbringen einer Thermoplastfolie mit Klebstoffschicht, z.B. auf Epoxid- oder Acrylharzbasis auf die Metallbeplankung, verbessert sich die Haftung beider Schichten, da die sandwichartige Klebstoffschicht die gleichzeitige Vernetzung der Metall- und der Thermoplastfläche ermöglicht. Für die fehlerfreie Beschichtung oder Beplankung von GMT reicht diese Massnahme allein jedoch nicht aus, da sich bei der nach der Erwärmung folgenden Verarbeitung zwischen der gasundurchlässigen Metallschicht und dem GMT blasenartige Einschlüsse bilden können. 



  Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich die Aufgabe, den inneren Haftungsfehler von Schichtstoffen zu beseitigen, und die interlaminare mechanische Verknüpfung von Schichtstoffen zu erreichen und zu steigern. Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der Ansprüche gelöst. Eine besonders gute Verbindung lässt sich durch die Vergrösserung der Oberfläche durch dolinenartige Feinstrukturen der Metalloberfäche erreichen. Es ist möglich, solche für die Beplankung präparierten Folien z.B. an sehr komplizierten Ge bilden auch ohne Presswerkzeug örtlich anzubringen, indem die Folie von Hand plaziert und unter leichtem Anpressdruck beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Bügeleisens erhitzt wird, wodurch sich die angeklebte Thermoplastfolie mit dem Objekt verschweisst.

  Es versteht sich, dass auf die beschriebene Art ein- und beidseitig beplankte Bauteile herstellbar sind, die durch eingeformte Sicken und Wülste analog der Blechverarbeitung versteift gestaltet werden können. Solche Teile reichen jedoch, um höhere Temperaturen abschirmen zu können, z.B. im Bereich eines Auspufftopfes immer noch nicht aus. Deshalb werden Mehrlagensysteme mit Zwischenschichten vorgeschlagen. 



  Es zeigt: 
 
   Fig. 1 ein erfindungsgemässes Mehrlagensystem für Wärmeisolation, 
   Fig. 2 ein erfindungsgemässes Mehrlagensystem für Wärmeisolation und Schalldämpfung. 
 



  Ein Mehrlagensystem besteht, z.B. gemäss Fig. 1, aus einer äusseren dichten Metallbeplankung 1, einer Keramikschaummatte 2, die von einer zweiten örtlich perforierten Metallschicht 3, mit Klebstoff aufgeklebter Thermoplastfolie 4 gefolgt wird. Dieser Aufbau wird durch die GMT-Schicht 5 abgeschlossen, wobei es sich versteht, dass ein symmetrisch oder anders gestalteter Aufbau sich auf der anderen Seite der GMT-Schicht ohne weiteres fortsetzen lässt.

  Dabei sind als Füll- und zugleich Isolierschicht je nach Temperaturgefälle verschiedene, weniger wärmebeständige und zugleich billigere Schichten als die des Keramikschaums möglich, nicht zuletzt dadurch entsteht der hohe wirtschaftliche Nutzen der Erfindung, z.B. aus Glaswolle, Kuststoffasern, Zellstoffen sowie Holzspan und Sägemehl, aber auch mit reflektierender Metallbedampfung ausgerüstete Kunststoffolien, z.B. aus thermoplastischem Polyester, die thermosflaschenähnlich wirken können. 



  Die in den Fig. 1 gezeigte Thermoplastfolie 4 ist mit dem GMT 5 verschmolzen und daher als separate Schicht nicht mehr wahrnehmbar. Durch die Perforation ragen zapfenartige Harzgebilde 7 des erstarrten GMT durch die Keramikschaummatte 2 bis an die Deckschicht und somit an die Metallbeplankung 1,  die beim Verpressen des Mehrlagensystems fontänenartig aus der GMT-Masse 5 hervorquellend vorgedrungen und entstanden sind. Mit anderen Worten, in einem Mehrlagen- und Mehrphasensystem sind durch eine durch Perforationen teilweise durchlässige Schicht 3 eine beliebige Zahl dreidimensionaler Haftstellen aus Harzgebilden 7 aus einem vorgewärmten Thermoplast, z.B. aus GMT, bei der Verarbeitung durch Verpressen zu erzielen, wenn für die Ausbildung der Harzgebilde 7 eine zumindest teilweise durchtränkbare Schicht 2 zur Verfügung steht.

  Durch diese Verallgemeinerung werden die Freiräume des Mehrlagensystems erkennbar. 



  Wird nämlich, z.B. wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt, das in Fig. 1 gezeigte, für die Wärmeisolation bestimmte System erweitert, dann kann an die andere Seite z.B. eine schallabsorbierende Schicht zwischen die Metallbeplankung 11 und die perforierte Metallschicht 13 gelegt werden. 



   Eine schallabsorbierende Schicht kann aus einer lockeren Struktur 12, z.B. aus plastischem Schaumstoff und in diese Struktur eingebettete Resonanzkörper 18, z.B. in Form von Bleikugeln oder Steinkörnern bestehen, deren Eigenfrequenz der zu absorbierende Schallfrequenz angepasst ist. 



  Um Frequenzbereiche wirksam zu dämpfen, können die Resonanzkörper 18 aus verschiedensten Materialien, verschiedene Grösse und Masse haben. Dabei werden die Resonanzkörper 18 in die umgebende Einbettung so gelagert werden, dass sie sich in der lockeren Struktur 12 auch nach der Verarbeitung etwas bewegen können. Solche wärme- und schallabsorbierenden Konstruktionen eignen sich im Fahrzeugbau, z.B. für die Abdeckung des Auspuffes oder zur Kapselung des Motors. 



  
 



  Large-scale plastic parts with increased strength are increasingly being mass-produced instead of reinforced thermosets in reinforced thermoplastics, in particular made of polypropylene with glass mat reinforcement. The GMT (glass mat thermoplastic), which is traded as sheet goods, is heated to approx. 200 ° C in a tunnel heating furnace, for example, and then shaped in pressing tools. Such parts have recently had more and more entry into vehicle construction, especially the automotive industry, e.g. found as base plates, but also as spatial structures such as seat shells and battery boxes. In order to use such parts as heat and sound insulation as well as for shielding against electromagnetic interference, the GMT molded parts have been covered with reflective aluminum foil.

  The adhesion of the top layer as cladding to the plastic body was found to be insufficient and insufficient. This rational design was therefore only suitable for moderate thermal loads. By applying a thermoplastic film with an adhesive layer, e.g. based on epoxy or acrylic resin on the metal planking, the adhesion of both layers improves, since the sandwich-like adhesive layer enables the simultaneous cross-linking of the metal and the thermoplastic surface. However, this measure alone is not sufficient for the faultless coating or planking of GMT, since bubble-like inclusions can form between the gas-impermeable metal layer and the GMT during the subsequent processing.



  The object of the present invention is to eliminate the internal adhesion defect of laminates and to achieve and increase the interlaminar mechanical connection of laminates. According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of the claims. A particularly good connection can be achieved by enlarging the surface through doline-like fine structures of the metal surface. It is possible to use foils prepared for planking e.g. to form on very complicated Ge even without pressing tool to attach locally by placing the film by hand and heating it under light pressure, for example with the help of an iron, whereby the glued thermoplastic film is welded to the object.

  It goes without saying that components which are planked on one and both sides can be produced in the manner described, and can be stiffened by molded beads and beads analogously to sheet metal processing. However, such parts are sufficient to be able to shield higher temperatures, e.g. still not out in the area of a muffler. Therefore multilayer systems with intermediate layers are proposed.



  It shows:
 
   1 shows an inventive multi-layer system for thermal insulation,
   Fig. 2 shows a multi-layer system according to the invention for thermal insulation and sound absorption.
 



  A multi-layer system exists, e.g. 1, from an outer dense metal sheeting 1, a ceramic foam mat 2, which is followed by a second locally perforated metal layer 3, thermoplastic film 4 glued on with adhesive. This structure is completed by the GMT layer 5, it being understood that a symmetrical or differently designed structure can be easily continued on the other side of the GMT layer.

  Depending on the temperature gradient, different, less heat-resistant and at the same time cheaper layers than that of ceramic foam are possible as a filling and insulating layer, not least because of this the high economic benefit of the invention, e.g. made of glass wool, plastic fibers, cellulose as well as wood chips and sawdust, but also plastic foils equipped with reflective metal vapor deposition, e.g. Made of thermoplastic polyester, which can look like thermos bottles.



  The thermoplastic film 4 shown in FIG. 1 is fused with the GMT 5 and is therefore no longer perceptible as a separate layer. Due to the perforation, cone-like resin structures 7 of the solidified GMT protrude through the ceramic foam mat 2 up to the cover layer and thus to the metal cladding 1, which, when the multilayer system was pressed, protruded and emerged like a fountain from the GMT composition 5. In other words, in a multi-layer and multi-phase system, any number of three-dimensional adhesion points made of resin structures 7 made of a preheated thermoplastic, e.g. from GMT, in processing by pressing if an at least partially impregnable layer 2 is available for the formation of the resin structures 7.

  This generalization reveals the free spaces of the multi-layer system.



  Namely, e.g. as shown in Fig. 2, which extends the system shown in Fig. 1 intended for thermal insulation, then on the other side e.g. a sound-absorbing layer between the metal paneling 11 and the perforated metal layer 13 are placed.



   A sound absorbing layer can be made from a loose structure 12, e.g. made of plastic foam and resonance body 18 embedded in this structure, e.g. exist in the form of lead balls or stone grains, the natural frequency of which is adapted to the sound frequency to be absorbed.



  In order to effectively dampen frequency ranges, the resonance bodies 18 can have different materials, different sizes and masses. The resonance bodies 18 will be stored in the surrounding embedding in such a way that they can move somewhat in the loose structure 12 even after processing. Such heat and sound absorbing constructions are suitable in vehicle construction, e.g. for covering the exhaust or for encapsulating the engine.


    

Claims (5)

1. Erzeugnisse aus warmverformbarem Schichtstoff aus faserverstärkten Thermoplasten, mit porösen und nichtporösen Deck - (1, 11) und/oder Zwischenschichten ( 2, 12 mit 18), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese Erzeugnisse eine beliebige Zahl dreidimensionaler, durch eine durch Perforationen teilweise durchlässige Schicht (3) ragende Harzgebilde (7) aus einem Thermoplast (5) aufweisen.       1. Products made of heat-formable laminate made of fiber-reinforced thermoplastics, with porous and non-porous cover layers (1, 11) and / or intermediate layers (2, 12 with 18), characterized in that these products are any number of three-dimensional, partially permeable by perforations Have layer (3) projecting resin structures (7) made of a thermoplastic (5). 2. Erzeugnisse aus warmverformbarem Schichtstoff nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einlagen (2), zwecks Wärmeisolation, lockere Gebilde wie Fasermatten, Mineral-, Keramikschaum und Lamellenstrukturen sind. 2. Products from thermoformable laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the inserts (2), for the purpose of thermal insulation, are loose structures such as fiber mats, mineral, ceramic foam and lamellar structures. 3. Erzeugnisse aus warmverformbarem Schichtstoff nach Patentanspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch eine oder mehrere, reflektierende, mehr oder weniger ebene, oder dolinenartig strukturierte Deck- (1, 11) oder Zwischenschicht (2, 12) aus Metall. 3. Products from thermoformable laminate according to claim 1, characterized by one or more, reflective, more or less flat, or doline-like structured cover (1, 11) or intermediate layer (2, 12) made of metal. 4. 4th Erzeugnisse aus warmverformbarem Schichtstoff nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht (12) lockere kleine, bewegliche Massen als Resonanzkörper (18) enthält.  Products from thermoformable laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (12) contains loose small, movable masses as a resonance body (18). 5. Erzeugnisse aus warmverformbarem Schichtstoff nach Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Vliese oder Matten aus organischen Fasern sowie Mineral-, Keramikschaum und Lamellenstrukturen aus organischen und nicht organischen Werkstoffen in die Thermoplaststruktur als Zwischenschichten (2) integriert sind, um als Schutz gegen offene Flammen und Temperaturen über 650 DEG zu dienen. 5. Products made of thermoformable laminate according to claim 1, characterized in that nonwovens or mats made of organic fibers and mineral, ceramic foam and lamellar structures made of organic and non-organic materials are integrated into the thermoplastic structure as intermediate layers (2) in order to protect against open flames and temperatures above 650 degrees.  
CH871/88A 1988-03-08 1988-03-08 Heat-shaped laminar items - consist of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering and intermediate layers CH675984A5 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH871/88A CH675984A5 (en) 1988-03-08 1988-03-08 Heat-shaped laminar items - consist of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering and intermediate layers

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH871/88A CH675984A5 (en) 1988-03-08 1988-03-08 Heat-shaped laminar items - consist of fibre-reinforced plastics with porous and non-porous covering and intermediate layers

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CH675984A5 true CH675984A5 (en) 1990-11-30

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11698161B2 (en) 2012-05-18 2023-07-11 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Breathable multi-component exhaust insulation system
US11806920B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2023-11-07 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Heat curable composite textile
US11867344B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2024-01-09 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Composite insulation system
US11946584B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2024-04-02 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Composite insulation system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11698161B2 (en) 2012-05-18 2023-07-11 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Breathable multi-component exhaust insulation system
US11806920B2 (en) 2012-09-28 2023-11-07 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Heat curable composite textile
US11867344B2 (en) 2016-04-15 2024-01-09 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Composite insulation system
US11946584B2 (en) 2016-11-18 2024-04-02 Nelson Global Products, Inc. Composite insulation system

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