CH639415A5 - Oil for lubricating internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Oil for lubricating internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
CH639415A5
CH639415A5 CH516779A CH516779A CH639415A5 CH 639415 A5 CH639415 A5 CH 639415A5 CH 516779 A CH516779 A CH 516779A CH 516779 A CH516779 A CH 516779A CH 639415 A5 CH639415 A5 CH 639415A5
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
oil
weight
hydrocarbons
mixture
additives
Prior art date
Application number
CH516779A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Larbi Benzerrak
Original Assignee
Yacco Saf
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yacco Saf filed Critical Yacco Saf
Publication of CH639415A5 publication Critical patent/CH639415A5/en

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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M101/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a mineral or fatty oil
    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/04Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M129/10Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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    • C10M129/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68Esters
    • C10M129/70Esters of monocarboxylic acids
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    • C10M133/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/52Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
    • C10M133/56Amides; Imides
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    • C10M137/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
    • C10M137/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
    • C10M137/04Phosphate esters
    • C10M137/10Thio derivatives
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    • C10M143/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/10Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing aromatic monomer, e.g. styrene
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    • C10M143/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
    • C10M143/12Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation containing conjugated diene
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    • C10M145/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M145/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M145/10Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate
    • C10M145/12Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate monocarboxylic
    • C10M145/14Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M155/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M143/00 - C10M153/00
    • C10M155/02Monomer containing silicon
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    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M2203/00Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/1006Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025Aliphatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/10Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/104Aromatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1045Aromatic fractions used as base material
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    • C10M2203/108Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
    • C10M2203/1085Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
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    • C10M2205/04Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
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    • C10M2229/045Siloxanes with specific structure containing silicon-to-hydroxyl bonds
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    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10MLUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10M2229/00Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10M2229/04Siloxanes with specific structure
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    • C10N2010/00Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04Groups 2 or 12
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
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Description

La présente invention concerne une huile pour la lubrification des moteurs à combustion interne, c'est-à-dire des moteurs à essence et diesel. The present invention relates to an oil for the lubrication of internal combustion engines, that is to say petrol and diesel engines.

On sait qu'une huile pour la lubrification des moteurs comprend une huile de base constituée par un mélange d'hydrocarbures obtenus par distillation sous vide entre deux limites de températures déterminées, d'un distillât de pétrole brut. Cette huile de base subit différents traitements, tels que désasphaltage, déparaffinage, raffinage aux solvants sélectifs, traitement à la terre et autres, pour obtenir une huile stable, apte à recevoir des additifs. It is known that an oil for the lubrication of engines comprises a base oil constituted by a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by vacuum distillation between two determined temperature limits, of a crude petroleum distillate. This base oil undergoes various treatments, such as deasphalting, dewaxing, refining with selective solvents, treatment with earth and others, to obtain a stable oil, capable of receiving additives.

Cette huile de base est constituée, d'autre part, par un mélange d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques, naphténiques et aromatiques dont les proportions varient suivant l'origine du pétrole brut utilisé pour obtenir cette huile et suivant la destination de cette dernière. This base oil is also made up of a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons, the proportions of which vary according to the origin of the crude oil used to obtain this oil and according to the destination of the latter.

Les additifs ajoutés à cette huile de base sont choisis dans les trois groupes suivants: The additives added to this base oil are chosen from the following three groups:

I) additifs pour la protection des surfaces métalliques du moteur, I) additives for the protection of metallic surfaces of the engine,

II) additifs pour améliorer les performances de l'huile, III) additifs pour la protection de l'huile. II) additives to improve oil performance, III) additives for oil protection.

Le groupe I comprend en particulier les agents anti-usure, les inhibiteurs de corrosion, les détergents, les dispersants, les agents extrême-pression, les modificateurs de friction et les inhibiteurs de rouille. Group I includes in particular antiwear agents, corrosion inhibitors, detergents, dispersants, extreme pressure agents, friction modifiers and rust inhibitors.

Le groupe II comprend notamment les produits pour améliorer le point de congélation de l'huile, les agents de gonflement du caoutchouc et les agents pour améliorer l'indice de viscosité de l'huile. Group II includes in particular products to improve the freezing point of oil, rubber blowing agents and agents to improve the viscosity index of the oil.

Le groupe III comprend les antimousses, les antioxydants et les passivants de métaux. Group III includes defoamers, antioxidants and metal passivators.

La nature et la proportion des additifs ajoutés à l'huile de base varient considérablement suivant le type de moteur à lubrifier et, en particulier, suivant qu'il s'agit d'un moteur à essence ou d'un moteur diesel. The nature and proportion of the additives added to the base oil vary considerably depending on the type of engine to be lubricated and, in particular, whether it is a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.

On sait en effet que les conditions de fonctionnement (température de combustion, pression, régime de rotation) d'un moteur diesel sont très différentes de celles d'un moteur à essence, de sorte qu'une huile de lubrification donée assurant une lubrification correcte d'un moteur à essence ne peut convenir généralement pour lubrifier un moteur diesel et inversement. It is known in fact that the operating conditions (combustion temperature, pressure, rotation speed) of a diesel engine are very different from those of a petrol engine, so that a given lubricating oil ensuring correct lubrication a gasoline engine is generally not suitable for lubricating a diesel engine and vice versa.

Par ailleurs, on sait que, dans un type donné de moteur, les exigences de lubrification peuvent être très différentes, suivant la cylindrée, la puissance, le régime de rotation, la distribution (arbre à cames latéral ou en tête) et suivant que le moteur est destiné à une voiture de tourisme, à un véhicule utilitaire léger, semi-léger ou semi-lourd. Furthermore, it is known that, in a given type of engine, the lubrication requirements can be very different, depending on the displacement, the power, the rotation speed, the distribution (lateral or overhead camshaft) and according to whether the engine is intended for a passenger car, a light, semi-light or semi-heavy utility vehicle.

La composition d'une huile et en particulier de son additif est déterminée pour un type donné de moteur pour satisfaire notamment aux exigences suivantes: The composition of an oil and in particular of its additive is determined for a given type of engine to satisfy in particular the following requirements:

— viscosité très stable dans une large gamme de températures, sans cisaillement notable du film d'huile situé entre les surfaces métalliques en mouvement, - very stable viscosity over a wide range of temperatures, without significant shearing of the oil film located between the moving metal surfaces,

— résistance parfaite à l'égard du préallumage, - perfect resistance to pre-ignition,

— limitation des dépôts solides à hautes températures, - limitation of solid deposits at high temperatures,

— protection anti-usure parfaite des commandes de soupapes, - perfect wear protection for valve controls,

— contrôle maximal de l'émulsion des boues dans l'huile et de la peinture de plomb. - maximum control of the emulsion of sludge in oil and lead paint.

Ces exigences différent suivant les différents types de moteurs, il est rare de pouvoir satisfaire à toutes les exigences précitées, et ce pour tous les types de moteurs à essence et diesel. These requirements differ according to the different types of engines, it is rare to be able to meet all of the above requirements, and this for all types of petrol and diesel engines.

De ce fait, les utilisateurs de plusieurs véhicules ayant des moteurs différents et en particulier les organismes utilisant un très grand nombre de véhicules de tous types, tels que les grosses sociétés indutrielles et l'armée, sont contraints d'utiliser une multitude d'huiles de lubrification adaptées à chacun des types de moteurs. Cette contrainte est considérable, compte tenu des problèmes d'approvisionnement, de stockage et des risques d'erreur ou de confusion entraînés par l'emploi d'une multitude d'huiles différentes. As a result, users of several vehicles with different engines and in particular organizations using a very large number of vehicles of all types, such as large industrial companies and the army, are forced to use a multitude of oils. of lubrication adapted to each type of engine. This constraint is considerable, given the problems of supply, storage and the risks of error or confusion caused by the use of a multitude of different oils.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à l'inconvénient précité en proposant une huile de lubrification universelle susceptible de convenir à des moteurs à essence et diesel de tous types équipant des véhicules automobiles légers, semi-légers ou semi-lourds. The object of the present invention is to remedy the aforementioned drawback by proposing a universal lubricating oil capable of being suitable for petrol and diesel engines of all types fitted to light, semi-light or semi-heavy motor vehicles.

L'huile de lubrification visée par l'invention comprend une huile de base constituée par un mélange d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques, naphténiques et aromatiques, et des additifs. The lubricating oil targeted by the invention comprises a base oil constituted by a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and additives.

Suivant l'invention, cette huile est caractérisée en ce que l'huile de base présente sensiblement la composition pondérale suivante: According to the invention, this oil is characterized in that the base oil has substantially the following weight composition:

— hydrocarbures paraffiniques: 66 à 77% - paraffinic hydrocarbons: 66 to 77%

— hydrocarbures naphténiques: 18 à 27% - naphthenic hydrocarbons: 18 to 27%

— hydrocarbures aromatiques: 3 à 4% - aromatic hydrocarbons: 3 to 4%

et en ce que les additifs comprennent: and in that the additives include:

a) des dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc, a) zinc dialkyldithiophosphates,

b) du sulfonate et/ou phénate de calcium, b) calcium sulfonate and / or phenate,

5 5

10 10

15 15

20 20

25 25

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

55 55

60 60

65 65

3 3

639 415 639,415

c) un ou des succinimides, combinés avec des esters gras, les proportions pondérales de ces additifs étant telles que les proportions de calcium, zinc et phosphore sont sensiblement les suivantes: c) one or more succinimides, combined with fatty esters, the weight proportions of these additives being such that the proportions of calcium, zinc and phosphorus are substantially as follows:

— calcium: 0,18 à 0,23% - calcium: 0.18 to 0.23%

— zinc: 0,10 à 0,13% - zinc: 0.10 to 0.13%

— phosphore: 0,11 à 0,12% - phosphorus: 0.11 to 0.12%

d) un copolymère de styrène et de butadiène à raison de 2 à 3,5% en poids. d) a copolymer of styrene and butadiene in an amount of 2 to 3.5% by weight.

La composition précitée de l'huile de base rend celle-ci apte à la lubrification de tous les types de moteurs. La répartition dans les proportions spécifiées ci-dessus des différents hydrocarbures permet à la fois d'obtenir une viscosité satisfaisante et de limiter les dépôts solides de combustion, quel que soit le type de moteur et en particulier, la température régnant dans la chambre de combustion de ce dernier. The aforementioned composition of the base oil makes it suitable for the lubrication of all types of engines. The distribution in the proportions specified above of the various hydrocarbons makes it possible both to obtain a satisfactory viscosity and to limit solid deposits of combustion, whatever the type of engine and in particular, the temperature prevailing in the combustion chamber. of the last.

Les additifs a, b et c font partie des groupes I et III spécifiés précédemment. On a constaté que leurs proportions respectives suivant les taux de calcium, zinc et phosphore précités rendaient l'huile conforme à l'invention apte à satisfaire les exigences les plus sévères, en ce qui concerne à la fois la protection des surfaces et du lubrifiant proprement dit, dans le cas de tous les types de moteurs à essence et diesel. Additives a, b and c belong to groups I and III specified above. It has been found that their respective proportions according to the abovementioned calcium, zinc and phosphorus levels make the oil in accordance with the invention capable of satisfying the most severe requirements, as regards both the protection of the surfaces and of the lubricant itself. said, in the case of all types of petrol and diesel engines.

Par ailleurs, l'additif d, qui appartient au groupe II, permet à l'huile de satisfaire aux exigences concernant les performances de cette dernière, et en particulier en ce qui concerne son indice de viscosité à haute température. Furthermore, the additive d, which belongs to group II, allows the oil to meet the requirements concerning the performance of the latter, and in particular as regards its viscosity index at high temperature.

Selon une version préférée de l'invention, l'huile renferme en outre du polyméthacrylate à raison d'environ 0,2% en poids. Cet additif agit en tant qu'agent d'amélioration du point de congélation de l'huile, ce qui permet à cette dernière d'assurer une lubrification satisfaisante des moteurs à basse température. According to a preferred version of the invention, the oil also contains polymethacrylate in an amount of about 0.2% by weight. This additive acts as an agent for improving the freezing point of the oil, which allows the latter to ensure satisfactory lubrication of engines at low temperatures.

D'autres particularités et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore dans la description ci-après. Other features and advantages of the invention will appear in the description below.

L'huile conforme à l'invention pour la lubrification des moteurs à essence et diesel comprend essentiellement une huile de base et des additifs. The oil according to the invention for the lubrication of petrol and diesel engines essentially comprises a base oil and additives.

L'huile de base est un mélange d'hydrocarbures obtenus par exemple par distillation sous vide d'un distillât de pétrole brut. Base oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons obtained for example by vacuum distillation of a crude petroleum distillate.

Conformément à l'invention, ce mélange d'hydrocarbures répond à la composition pondérale According to the invention, this mixture of hydrocarbons corresponds to the weight composition

— hydrocarbures paraffiniques: 66 à 77% - paraffinic hydrocarbons: 66 to 77%

— hydrocarbures naphténiques: 18 à 27% - naphthenic hydrocarbons: 18 to 27%

— hydrocarbures aromatiques: 3 à 4% - aromatic hydrocarbons: 3 to 4%

Ce mélange d'hydrocarbures peut être obtenu par distillation sous vide dans une gamme étroite de températures, comprise entre 360 et 520° C. This mixture of hydrocarbons can be obtained by vacuum distillation in a narrow range of temperatures, between 360 and 520 ° C.

La composition préférée de cette huile de base est la suivante: The preferred composition of this base oil is as follows:

— hydrocarbures paraffiniques: 76,6% - paraffinic hydrocarbons: 76.6%

— hydrocarbures naphténiques: 19,6% - naphthenic hydrocarbons: 19.6%

— hydrocarbures aromatiques: 4,0% - aromatic hydrocarbons: 4.0%

Une telle composition d'huile de base peut être obtenue par distillation sous vide à une température comprise entre 370 et 470° C. Such a base oil composition can be obtained by vacuum distillation at a temperature between 370 and 470 ° C.

L'huile ainsi obtenue peut être soumise à différents traitements classiques tels que désasphaltage, déparaffinage, raffinage aux solvants sélectifs, traitement à la terre et autres. The oil thus obtained can be subjected to various conventional treatments such as deasphalting, dewaxing, refining with selective solvents, treatment with earth and others.

L'huile de base précitée constituée par le mélange d'hydrocarbures ci-dessus présente une viscosité cinématique comprise entre 43 et 46 mm2/s à 37,8°C et comprise entre 6,2 et 6,6 mm2/s à 98,9°C. The abovementioned base oil constituted by the above mixture of hydrocarbons has a kinematic viscosity of between 43 and 46 mm2 / s at 37.8 ° C and between 6.2 and 6.6 mm2 / s at 98, 9 ° C.

Pour que la viscosité de l'huile réponde aux normes usuelles de viscosité SAE, l'huile de base ci-dessus est avantageusement additionnée d'une proportion comprise sensiblement entre 6 et 7% en poids d'un mélange d'autres huiles de base dont la viscosité cinématique est comprise entre 66 et 74 mm2/s à 50° C et supérieure ou égale à 120 mm2/s à 37,8° C. In order for the viscosity of the oil to meet the usual SAE viscosity standards, the above base oil is advantageously added in a proportion of approximately between 6 and 7% by weight of a mixture of other base oils whose kinematic viscosity is between 66 and 74 mm2 / s at 50 ° C and greater than or equal to 120 mm2 / s at 37.8 ° C.

Indépendamment des exigences requises en ce qui concerne la viscosité, l'huile de base précitée, grâce à la composition précitée des différents types d'hydrocarbures, remplit égalerhent toutes les exigences concernant la limitation des dépôts de combustion de l'huile susceptibles d'intervenir dans tous les types de moteurs. Regardless of the requirements with regard to viscosity, the aforementioned base oil, thanks to the aforementioned composition of the various types of hydrocarbons, fulfills all the requirements concerning the limitation of the combustion deposits of the oil liable to occur. in all types of engines.

Ces dépôts sont engendrés principalement par les hydrocarbures paraffiniques et naphténiques, les premiers donnant lieu à des dépôts durs à température élevée, tandis que les seconds engendrent des dépôts de carbone plus légers et plus friables. La répartition de ces deux types d'hydrocarbures dans les proportions spécifiées ci-dessus permet de limiter la formation de ces dépôts en rendant l'huile apte à tous les types de moteurs, quelles que soient les températures de combustion de ces moteurs. These deposits are generated mainly by paraffinic and naphthenic hydrocarbons, the former giving rise to hard deposits at high temperature, while the latter generate lighter and more brittle carbon deposits. The distribution of these two types of hydrocarbons in the proportions specified above makes it possible to limit the formation of these deposits by making the oil suitable for all types of engines, whatever the combustion temperatures of these engines.

L'huile de base précitée est additionnée par différents additifs que l'on va maintenant décrire. The aforementioned base oil is added by various additives which will now be described.

Ces additifs comprennent tout d'abord des additifs du groupe I (protection des surfaces) et du groupe III (protection des lubrifiants). Ces additifs comprennent: These additives firstly include additives from group I (surface protection) and group III (protection of lubricants). These additives include:

a) des dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc, a) zinc dialkyldithiophosphates,

b) du sulfonate et/ou phénate de calcium, b) calcium sulfonate and / or phenate,

c) un ou des succinimides, c) one or more succinimides,

les proportions pondérales de ces additifs étant telles que les proportions de calcium, zinc et phosphore sont les suivantes: the weight proportions of these additives being such that the proportions of calcium, zinc and phosphorus are as follows:

calcium : 0,18 à 0,23 % calcium: 0.18 to 0.23%

zinc: 0,10 à 0,13% zinc: 0.10 to 0.13%

phosphore: 0,11 à 0,12% phosphorus: 0.11 to 0.12%

Les dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc agissent principalement comme agents anti-usure, inhibiteurs de corrosion et de rouille, et antioxydants pour l'huile. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphates act mainly as antiwear agents, corrosion and rust inhibitors, and antioxidants for oil.

L'action anti-usure de cet additif s'explique principalement par la dissociation de la molécule. La température de dissociation de cette molécule intervient dans une large fourchette de températures, ce qui permet à cet additif d'avoir une action anti-usure dans le cas de moteurs présentant des températures de fonctionnement différentes. The anti-wear action of this additive is mainly explained by the dissociation of the molecule. The dissociation temperature of this molecule occurs over a wide range of temperatures, which allows this additive to have an anti-wear action in the case of engines with different operating temperatures.

De préférence, les groupements alkyles des dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc sont répartis de la façon suivante: hexyl: 5; octyl: 2; alkyles présentant plus de huit atomes de carbone: 1. Preferably, the alkyl groups of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are distributed as follows: hexyl: 5; octyl: 2; alkyls having more than eight carbon atoms: 1.

Grâce à cette répartition optimale des différents alkyles de l'additif précité, l'action anti-usure est efficace dans une très large gamme de températures de fonctionnement des moteurs, cette efficacité étant maintenue pendant toute la durée d'utilisation de l'huile comprise entre deux vidanges. Thanks to this optimal distribution of the different alkyls of the aforementioned additive, the anti-wear action is effective over a very wide range of engine operating temperatures, this efficiency being maintained throughout the entire service life of the oil included. between two oil changes.

Le sulfonate et le phénate de calcium (additif b) agissent essentiellement comme détergents. The sulfonate and calcium phenate (additive b) act essentially as detergents.

De préférence, le rapport de la proportion de sulfonate de calcium sur celle de phénate de calcium est compris entre 1,4 et 1,6. Preferably, the ratio of the proportion of calcium sulfonate to that of calcium phenate is between 1.4 and 1.6.

Le ou les succinimides agissent en tant qu'agents dispersants en combinaison avec quelques autres agents chimiques, tels que des esters gras, le rapport succinimides sur esters gras étant de préférence de l'ordre de 4. The succinimide (s) act as dispersing agents in combination with a few other chemical agents, such as fatty esters, the ratio succinimides to fatty esters preferably being of the order of 4.

Grâce à la répartition entre les différents additifs a, b et c, dans les proportions précitées exprimées en taux de Ca, Zn et P, l'huile conforme à l'invention remplit toutes les exigences prescrites en ce qui concerne la protection des surfaces, la protection de l'huile et la stabilité de son pouvoir lubrifiant, et ce quel que soit le type de moteur à essence et diesel. Thanks to the distribution between the various additives a, b and c, in the abovementioned proportions expressed as the rate of Ca, Zn and P, the oil in accordance with the invention fulfills all the requirements prescribed with regard to the protection of surfaces, the protection of the oil and the stability of its lubricating power, regardless of the type of petrol and diesel engine.

Les proportions précitées de Ca, Zn et P sont, d'autre part, déterminées pour limiter le taux de cendres sulfatées. The above-mentioned proportions of Ca, Zn and P are, on the other hand, determined to limit the rate of sulphated ash.

On a constaté que les meilleurs résultats étaient obtenus lorsque les proportions pondérales des additifs a, b et c précités étaient par exemple telles que: It has been found that the best results are obtained when the weight proportions of the aforementioned additives a, b and c are for example such as:

% de Ca = 0,21 % de Zn = 0,125 % de P = 0,115 % Ca = 0.21% Zn = 0.125% P = 0.115

Outre les additifs a, b et c précités, l'huile conforme à l'invention renferme un additif d'amélioration de l'indice de viscosité constitué par un copolymère de styrène et de butadiène à raison de 2 à 3,5% en poids. Dans la pratique, cet additif est ajouté à l'huile de base, sous la forme d'un mélange d'huile minérale et de copolymère de styrène/butadiène de préférence à raison de 16,8% de ce mélange In addition to the aforementioned additives a, b and c, the oil according to the invention contains an additive for improving the viscosity index consisting of a copolymer of styrene and butadiene in an amount of 2 to 3.5% by weight. . In practice, this additive is added to the base oil, in the form of a mixture of mineral oil and of styrene / butadiene copolymer, preferably at a rate of 16.8% of this mixture.

5 5

10 10

15 15

20 20

25 25

30 30

35 35

40 40

45 45

50 50

55 55

60 60

65 65

639 415 639,415

4 4

par rapport au poids total de l'huile. Ce copolymère de styrène/ butadiène a par exemple une masse moléculaire inférieure à 100000 et de préférence égale à 70 000 environ. based on the total weight of the oil. This styrene / butadiene copolymer has, for example, a molecular mass of less than 100,000 and preferably equal to approximately 70,000.

L'huile conforme à l'invention comprend en outre avantageusement les deux additifs suivants: The oil according to the invention also advantageously comprises the following two additives:

— 0,2% en poids de polyméthacrylate à chaîne ramifiée, - 0.2% by weight of branched chain polymethacrylate,

— 10 à 100 ppm d'un agent antimousse type silicone, - 10 to 100 ppm of a silicone-type defoaming agent,

— 0,2% d'esters gras. - 0.2% fatty esters.

Les esters gras comprennent de préférence 92% d'oléate d'iso-propyle, le reste étant constitué par d'autres oléates. The fatty esters preferably comprise 92% of isopropyl oleate, the remainder consisting of other oleates.

Le polyméthacrylate permet d'abaisser le point de congélation de l'huile. Le succinimide joue le rôle de dispersant et l'oléate d'iso-propyle agit en tant qu'agent d'onctuosité. Polymethacrylate lowers the freezing point of the oil. The succinimide acts as a dispersant and the isopropyl oleate acts as a lubricant.

On donne ci-après, à titre d'exemple, une composition pondérale spécifique de l'huile conforme à l'invention répondant aux normes SAE 15 W 40. An example is given below, a specific weight composition of the oil in accordance with the invention meeting SAE 15 W 40 standards.

1) Huile de base 1) Base oil

Hydrocarbures paraffiniques: 76,6% Paraffinic hydrocarbons: 76.6%

Hydrocarbures naphténiques: 19,6% Naphthenic hydrocarbons: 19.6%

Hydrocarbures aromatiques : 4,0% Aromatic hydrocarbons: 4.0%

Viscosité cinématique comprise entre 43 et 46 mm2/s à 37,8° C et comprise entre 6,2 et 6,6 mm2/s à 98,9° C. Kinematic viscosity between 43 and 46 mm2 / s at 37.8 ° C and between 6.2 and 6.6 mm2 / s at 98.9 ° C.

2) Huile minérale pour ajuster la viscosité 2) Mineral oil to adjust the viscosity

6% d'une huile minérale de viscosité cinématique comprise entre 66 et 74 mm2/s à 50: C et supérieure ou égale à 128 mm2/s à 37,8° C. 6% of a mineral oil with kinematic viscosity between 66 and 74 mm2 / s at 50: C and greater than or equal to 128 mm2 / s at 37.8 ° C.

3) Additifs 3) Additives

Additifs des groupes I et III, renfermant: Additives of groups I and III, containing:

a) un mélange d'hexyl-, octyl-, nonyl-, décyldithiophosphates de zinc avec 5 hexyl pour 2 octyl et 1 alkyl ayant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à 8, a) a mixture of hexyl-, octyl-, nonyl-, zinc decyldithiophosphates with 5 hexyl for 2 octyl and 1 alkyl having a number of carbon atoms greater than 8,

b) sulfonate et phénate de calcium, le rapport pondéral sulfonate sur phénate étant égal à 1,56, b) calcium sulfonate and phenate, the sulfonate to phenate weight ratio being equal to 1.56,

c) des succinimides, c) succinimides,

les proportions des additifs a, b et c étant telles que: the proportions of the additives a, b and c being such that:

% Ca = 0,21 % Zn = 0,125 % P = 0,115 5 d) additif du groupe II: % Ca = 0.21% Zn = 0.125% P = 0.115 5 d) group II additive:

copolymère de styrène et de butadiène, masse moléculaire copolymer of styrene and butadiene, molecular mass

égale à 70 000 3% equal to 70,000 3%

e) polyméthacrylate à chaîne ramifiée 0,2% e) 0.2% branched chain polymethacrylate

f) succinimide et oléate d'isopropyle 0,2% f) succinimide and isopropyl oleate 0.2%

10 Les tests ont montré que l'huile conforme à l'exemple précité répondait à toutes les exigences d'utilisation pour lubrifier une très large gamme de moteurs à essence et diesel différents. The tests have shown that the oil conforming to the above example meets all the requirements for use in lubricating a very wide range of different petrol and diesel engines.

Pour tous ces types de moteurs fonctionnant dans des conditions de température, de régime de rotation, de couple et de pression très différentes, on constate: For all these types of motors operating under very different temperature, rotation speed, torque and pressure conditions, we find:

— que la viscosité de l'huile reste très stable dans une large gamme de températures, sans rupture du film d'huile à l'interface des surfaces métalliques en mouvement, - that the viscosity of the oil remains very stable over a wide range of temperatures, without rupture of the oil film at the interface of moving metal surfaces,

— que l'huile n'induit pas le préallumage, - that the oil does not induce pre-ignition,

— que les dépôts solides restent limités même à haute température, - that solid deposits remain limited even at high temperature,

— que la protection anti-usure est parfaite, en particulier en ce qui concerne les organes de commande de soupapes actionnées par un arbre à cames en tête, - that the anti-wear protection is perfect, in particular as regards the valve control members actuated by an overhead camshaft,

25 — que la formation d'émulsion de boues dans l'huile et celle de la peinture de plomb sont parfaitement contrôlées, 25 - that the formation of emulsion of sludge in oil and that of lead paint are perfectly controlled,

— que les propriétés de cette huile restent sensiblement inchangées pendant toute la durée de l'espacement normal conpris entre deux vidanges. - that the properties of this oil remain substantially unchanged for the duration of the normal spacing between two oil changes.

30 Les utilisateurs possédant un important parc d'automobiles avec des moteurs de types différents, à essence ou diesel, peuvent ainsi lubrifier ces moteurs avec une seule huile. On supprime ainsi tous les problèmes d'approvisionnement et de stokage d'une multitude d'huiles différentes et, par suite, les risques d'erreurs dus à l'utilisa-35 tion par un usager non averti d'huile non adaptée au moteur à lubrifier. 30 Users with a large fleet of cars with different types of engines, petrol or diesel, can thus lubricate these engines with a single oil. This eliminates all the supply and storage problems of a multitude of different oils and, consequently, the risk of errors due to the use by an unauthorized user of oil not adapted to the engine. to lubricate.

R R

Claims (8)

639 415639,415 1. Huile pour la lubrification des moteurs à combustion interne, comprenant une huile de base constituée par un mélange d'hydrocarbures paraffiniques, naphténiques et aromatiques et des additifs, caractérisée en ce que l'huile de base présente la composition pondérale suivante: 1. Oil for the lubrication of internal combustion engines, comprising a base oil constituted by a mixture of paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons and additives, characterized in that the base oil has the following composition by weight: — hydrocarbures paraffiniques: 66 à 77% - paraffinic hydrocarbons: 66 to 77% — hydrocarbures naphténiques: 18 à 27% - naphthenic hydrocarbons: 18 to 27% — hydrocarbures aromatiques: 3 à 4% - aromatic hydrocarbons: 3 to 4% et en ce que les additifs comprennent: and in that the additives include: a) des dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc, a) zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, b) du sulfonate et/ou phénate de calcium, b) calcium sulfonate and / or phenate, c) un succinimide, c) a succinimide, les proportions pondérales de ces additifs étant telles que les proportions de calcium, zinc et phosphore sont les suivantes: the weight proportions of these additives being such that the proportions of calcium, zinc and phosphorus are as follows: calcium: 0,18 à 0,23% calcium: 0.18 to 0.23% zinc: 0,10 à 0,13% zinc: 0.10 to 0.13% phosphore: 0,11 à 0,12% phosphorus: 0.11 to 0.12% d) un copolymère de styrène et de butadiène à raison de 2 à 3,5% en poids. d) a copolymer of styrene and butadiene in an amount of 2 to 3.5% by weight. 2. Huile conforme à la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle renferme en outre du polyméthacrylate à chaîne ramifiée à raison d'environ 0,2% en poids. 2. Oil according to claim 1, characterized in that it also contains branched chain polymethacrylate in an amount of about 0.2% by weight. 2 2 REVENDICATIONS 3. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce qu'elle renferme 0,2% en poids d'un mélange de succinimide et d'esters gras. 3. Oil according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains 0.2% by weight of a mixture of succinimide and fatty esters. 4. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que l'huile de base comprend un mélange d'hydrocarbures présentant une viscosité cinématique comprise entre 43 et 46 mm2/s à 37,8 " C et comprise entre 6,2 et 6,6 mm2/s à 98,9° C, ce mélange étant additionné d'une proportion comprise entre 6 et 7% en poids d'hydrocarbures dont la viscosité cinématique est comprise entre 66 et 74 mm2/s à 50 C et supérieure ou égale à 128 mm2/s à 37,8°C. 4. Oil according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the base oil comprises a mixture of hydrocarbons having a kinematic viscosity between 43 and 46 mm2 / s at 37.8 "C and between 6.2 and 6.6 mm2 / s at 98.9 ° C, this mixture being added with a proportion of between 6 and 7% by weight of hydrocarbons whose kinematic viscosity is between 66 and 74 mm2 / s at 50 C and greater than or equal to 128 mm2 / s at 37.8 ° C. 5. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que les groupements alkyles des dialkyldithiophosphates de zinc sont répartis de la façon suivante: hexyl: 5; octyl: 2; alkyles présentant un nombre d'atomes de carbone supérieur à huit: 1. 5. Oil according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the alkyl groups of the zinc dialkyldithiophosphates are distributed as follows: hexyl: 5; octyl: 2; alkyls having a number of carbon atoms greater than eight: 1. 6. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce qu'elle renferme un mélange de sulfonate et de phénate de calcium tel que le rapport de la proportion de sulfonate sur celle de phénate est compris entre 1,4 et 1,6. 6. Oil according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it contains a mixture of sulfonate and calcium phenate such that the ratio of the proportion of sulfonate to that of phenate is between 1.4 and 1.6. 7. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le copolymère de styrène/butadiène a un poids moléculaire inférieur à 100000. 7. Oil according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the styrene / butadiene copolymer has a molecular weight of less than 100,000. 8. Huile conforme à l'une des revendications 3 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les esters gras ajoutés au siccinimide comprennent 92% en poids d'oléate d'isopropyle. 8. Oil according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the fatty esters added to the siccinimide comprise 92% by weight of isopropyl oleate.
CH516779A 1978-06-01 1979-06-01 Oil for lubricating internal combustion engines CH639415A5 (en)

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FR7816409A FR2427380A1 (en) 1978-06-01 1978-06-01 OIL FOR LUBRICATING ENGINES

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DE2603034C3 (en) * 1976-01-28 1982-04-15 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Mineral lubricating oil mixtures

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FR2427380B1 (en) 1983-01-14
FR2427380A1 (en) 1979-12-28
GR67636B (en) 1981-09-01

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