CH625775A5 - Low-energy detonating fuse and process and device for the production thereof - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an improved detonating cord for transmitting a detonation wave to an explosive charge, in particular a detonating cord of the type which is referred to as a "low-energy detonating cord". The invention further relates to a method and an apparatus for producing this detonating cord.

The dangers associated with using electrical ignition systems to detonate explosive charges in mining, i.e. The dangers of premature ignition from stray electrical currents or external electrical currents caused by lightning, electrostatic charging, galvanic effects, stray currents, radio transmitters and power lines are known. For this reason, non-electric ignition with the aid of a suitable detonator or detonating cord is generally regarded as an advantageous alternative solution. A typical high-energy detonating cord has a uniform detonation speed of about 6000 m / sec and contains a core of 6 to 10 g pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) per meter, which is coated with various combinations of substances such as textiles, waterproofing substances, plastics, etc. . However, the level of noise generated when a cord with such a PETN core is on the surface of the earth, e.g. in main lines, detonated, often unbearable during blasting work in inhabited areas. The explosiveness of such a cord can also be so high that the detonation pulse is transmitted laterally to an adjacent section of the cord or to an explosive mass, e.g. is in contact with the cord along its length. In the latter case, the string cannot be used to detonate an explosive charge at the bottom of a borehole ("sole detonation" method), as is sometimes desirable.

In order to counteract the problems of noise generation and the high explosiveness of the detonating cords described above with a charge density of 6 to 10 g / m, low-energy detonating cords have been developed. The low-energy detonating cord has an explosive core with a charge density of only about 0.02 to 2 g / m and often only about 0.4 g / m of cord length. This string is characterized by low explosiveness and low noise and can therefore be used as the main line in cases where the noise must be kept to a minimum and as a downward line (downhole line) in the borehole for detonating an explosive charge.

US Pat. No. 2,982,210 describes a low-energy detonating cord made of a continuous core made of a granular, capsule-sensitive explosive explosive, such as PETN, with a diameter such that it contains 0.02 to 0.4 g of explosive per meter in one Metal jacket, which can be provided with a textile covering or with a plastic coating 15. The patent states that the metal jacket is essential for the propagation of the detonation in explosive souls with such a low charge density.

Since low-energy detonating cords cannot be continuously produced in unlimited length with a metal sheath, and since they conduct the electrical current along their length because of the electrical conductivity of the metal sheath, attempts have been made to omit the metal sheath and to take other measures to compensate for the lack of the metal sheath seize. However, such attempts have not always been entirely successful, especially in the case of core charge densities of about 0.4 g / m or less. For example, in US Pat. No. 3,125,024 found that a uniform detonation rate can be achieved even without a metal jacket with a core made of granular PETN with charge densities of 0.32 30 to 2 g / m length if the specific surface area of the PETN is about 900 to 3400 m2 / g and the granular core is enclosed in a fabric jacket, which in turn is surrounded by a protective or reinforcing coating, namely a thermoplastic layer or a series of 35 waterproofing and reinforcing substances including a second textile jacket. However, a woven or wound sheath is relatively expensive to apply, both because of the equipment required for it and because of the limitations to which the line production speed is consequently subject. Furthermore, even if a PETN of high specific surface area is used and the core is surrounded with a fabric jacket and a thermoplastic covering, reliable high-speed detonation 45 will not be achieved if the charge density of the PETN core is at the lower end of the range for low-energy detonating cords Considered area is located.

GB-PS 815 534 and US-PS 3 311 056 describe low-energy detonating cords in which an explosive core is thus enclosed in a polymer jacket. The GB-PS describes a cord with a granular core made of finely divided explosives in charge densities of 0.4 to 3 g / m, which is enclosed in a flexible sheath made of a thermoplastic polymer, which, in order to give it strength and resistance to abrasion, also includes can be wrapped in fabric and wire. The detonating cord described in U.S. Patent 3,311,056 is a shatterproof cord due to a thick, stretchable sheath of elastomeric polyurethane surrounding the explosive core, the ratio of the amount of explosive in g / m to the thickness in cm being to prevent breakage is less than 11: 1 and preferably about 0.8: 1 to 8: 1. Charge densities of the explosive core from 0.2 to 80, preferably from 0.4 to 20 g / m are described, and the 65 cords described in the patent include both high-energy and low-energy explosive cords. The claimed detonating cord with a charge density of 0.4 to 4 g / m has a PETN core which is enclosed in a lead jacket. Although explosive

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fabric core made of self-supporting masses, such as those used for surface explosives and e.g. in U.S. Patents 2,992,087 and 2,999,743, are known to have low energy fuse with charge densities of

1 and 2 g / m granular explosive cores, which are enclosed in lead coats, and low ratios of explosive charge density to the thickness of the polyurethane jacket (4 and 1.7 g / m per cm jacket thickness).

US Pat. No. 3,384,688 describes the manufacture of a cord-encased cord of increased sensitivity to side ignition, which has the ability to propagate detonation at lower charge densities, through the use of a particularly fine-particle, granular PETN in the soul a charge density of 2 g / m is accomplished. U.S. Patent 3,382,802 requires a maximum particle size of 100 µm, with at least half of the particles being less than 50 µm, for a core of low charge density granular primary explosive, e.g. 1 to 2 g / m, which is enclosed in a jacket made of spirally wound thread-like elements made of metal or thermoplastic material, spirally wound fiber material jackets and a thermoplastic outer shell.

As can be seen from the above-mentioned patents, detonating cords with core charge densities of

2 g / m or less previously used only granular explosive souls. Furthermore, metal jackets or thick textile jackets have been generally recommended, especially if the charge density drops below 0.4 g-'m. Self-supporting explosives, in which a high-explosive crystalline explosive is mixed with a binder, can be extruded quickly in the form of cords and would make it possible to achieve higher line production speeds than can be achieved with cords with granular cores. Furthermore, explosives containing binders have a high density and, in contrast to explosives of lower density, can detonate at a higher speed for a given diameter. However, since conventional binder explosives contain less sensitive substances, they themselves are less sensitive to ignition than granular masses made entirely of explosives, and are not expected to detonate in exactly the same conditions as the granular explosives. For example, US Pat. No. 3,311,056, although detonating cords with explosive cores containing binders; according to this patent, however, the souls of low charge density consist of granular PETN and lead azide / aluminum, and even these are surrounded by a lead jacket. It is also known that the cord diameter and the explosive charge density must be large enough if self-supporting surface explosives are to propagate the detonation uniformly at high speed. In the above-mentioned US Pat. No. 2,992,087 it is stated that an explosive cord, which was produced by extrusion molding of a PETN surface explosive based on nitrocellulose with a PETN charge density of 4 g / m, at a speed of more than 6400 m / sec detonated, and the above-mentioned US-PS

3,311,056 describes binder-containing explosive cores with PETN charge densities of 3.7 to 4 g / m. Detonating cords with binder-containing explosive cores with charge densities of 2 g / m or less have been avoided in spite of the fact that it has been found that such charge densities with granular PETN explosives can be used. US Pat. Nos. 3,338,764, 3,401,215, 3,407,731 and 3,428,502 describe the manufacture of detonating cord with an explosive charge density of 10 to 40 g / m by extrusion molding an explosive containing an elastomer as a binder, preferably axially arranged

Reinforcement yarn or an axially arranged reinforcement thread around. Wrapping the extruded cord with reinforcing yarns or threads, e.g. in the form of a braid, and tying the yarns to the cord with the help of latex or a liquid polymer is described as being less advantageous than placing such reinforcing members inside.

In the manufacture of detonating cord, threads have also been used to facilitate the encasing of powdered explosive cores. For example, U.S. Patent No. 3,683,742 circularly passes one or more roughened threads through a funnel which conveys dust explosive into a jacket which is continuously produced at the lower end of the funnel with the thread (or threads) from the vertical axis of the funnel is deflected and stored together with the explosives in the jacket. The thread (s) takes the dust-like explosive and guides it into the jacket, so that a granular explosive core is formed around an inner thread or around inner threads.

GB-PS 1 416 128 and BE-PS 815 257 describe the inclusion of a pillar of dry, powdered explosive in a boundary of assembled axial threads and the pulling of the aggregate consisting of pillar and threads through a press mold, with one on the threads Tension is exerted so that the soul of a detonator detonator forms. The soul created in this way, in which the threads envelop the explosive and form a shell around the explosive, is shown as being wrapped with a reinforcing layer made of textile material, which in turn is coated with plastic for waterproofing.

U.S. Patent No. 2,687,553 describes the use of elongated filaments in cord making to reinforce a thermoplastic coating to counteract the elasticity of the latter. The cord thus obtained has an explosive core which is enclosed in a jacket made of thermoplastic material, in which solid threads are embedded in the longitudinal direction. The entire circumference of the explosive core is in direct contact with the thermoplastic jacket, and the threads are surrounded by the thermoplastic material.

The invention relates to an improved, low-energy detonating cord made of a continuous, massive core made of explosive explosive and a protective sheath surrounding the core, which is characterized in the preceding claim 1.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the detonating cord according to the invention is one which additionally has a soul reinforcement outside the soul.

In a preferred cord according to the invention, the binder-containing explosive core can be reinforced on its circumference between the core and the plastic jacket or in the plastic jacket or around the plastic jacket by at least one strand of yarn. In this case, the cord contains a core reinforcement, which consists of at least one continuous strand of yarn on the circumference of the core and runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core, the strand or strands having such tensile strength that the core is prevented from doing so to constrict to the breaking point under the influence of the forces that normally occur when loading a borehole, so that, for example a reinforced core with a tensile strength of at least 4.5 kg / mm2 and preferably of at least 9 kg / mm2 is created, which can withstand less frequently occurring forces.

A particularly preferred cord according to the invention is one which is that of the crystalline explosive explosive

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the binder-containing mass is pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), which is present in the explosive at 70% by weight and in a charge density of the core of about 0.4 to 2 g / m. The plastic is a polyolefin that can be extruded at a temperature of about 175 ° C. and at least about four reinforcing strands of polyamide or polyester yarn are distributed substantially uniformly on the circumference of the core.

The invention further relates to a method for producing an explosive cord according to the above specification, which method is characterized in the preceding claim 14.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method, the core is extruded into a continuously advancing yarn cage, and the core surrounded by the cage then runs, with or without circumferential support, in and through an extrusion mold for coating with plastic, in which the plastic is above that in the cage trapped soul is deformed into a coat. In another embodiment, the skeins of yarn and core are separately fed to an extrusion die for coating with plastic, and the processes of cage formation, entrainment of the core, and shell formation all occur within the extrusion die either simultaneously or in such a way that Sheathed to take along in the cage. In no case is there a substantial reduction in the diameter of the soul due to compression.

Finally, the invention comprises a device for carrying out the above-mentioned method; the device is characterized in the preceding claim 20.

The first extrusion press in the device preferably has a cylinder with an opening for applying a vacuum and a particle sieve for excluding oversize particles of oversize from the core. The device for strand orientation can be designed as a separate guide plate or as part of the second extrusion press.

To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawings which explain particular embodiments of the connecting detonating cord, the method and the device according to the invention.

1 and 5 are perspective partial views of sections of different embodiments of the connecting detachable cord according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.

3 and 4 are longitudinal sections through different embodiments of parts of the device shown in FIG. 2.

In the section of the low-energy detonating cord 1 shown in Fig. 5, the part shown in longitudinal section shows a continuous solid core 2 made of deformable, explosive-containing explosive, e.g. Made of super-fine-particle PETN in a mixture with a binder, such as softened nitrocellulose, the diameter and explosive content of the soul are coordinated so that about 0.1 to 2 g of explosives are lost per meter. Furthermore, the figure shows a plastic protective jacket 4, which e.g. is about 0.127 to 1.905 mm thick and includes the soul 2. In the cord section shown in Fig. 1, the core reinforcement 3 consists of a mass of multifilament yarns which are arranged around the circumference of the core 2 and in contact therewith and extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core 2, and a Sheath 4, which encloses the soul 2 and the threads 3 reinforcing the soul. In another part of Fig. 5 the sheath 4 has been removed to show the appearance of the perimeter of the soul 2, and in other parts of Fig. 1 the sheath 4 has been removed to show the appearance of the circumference of the threads 3 on the core 8 and the threads 3 have been removed to show the appearance of the circumference of the core 5.

The low energy detonating cord according to the invention combines the features of a continuous massive (i.e. non-hollow) core made of deformable, binder-containing explosive explosive of low charge density, i.e. 0.1 to 2 g / m length, made of explosive crystalline explosive in a binder for the same and only a light plastic protective sheath that encloses the soul. Another feature that is preferred is the longitudinal fiber reinforcement outside the soul. In contrast to the 15 teachings of the prior art relating to low-energy detonating cords, it was found that a deformable explosive explosive in the form of a cord without inclusion in a jacket made of metal or fabric, without spiral wrapping with textile, plastic or 20 metal strands or threads and without a thick plastic cover can be produced in such a way that a detonation can be reliably carried out even at charge densities of 1 to 2 g / m at a speed that can be used for blasting work, eg of more than about 4000 m / sec. 25 It has been found that the inclusion just mentioned is unnecessary if the core is made from a continuous, solid rod of explosive containing binder, e.g. an explosive bound by plastic, with an explosive content of at least about 55% by weight and a “super-30 fine-particle” crystalline explosive explosive component (as described below) and any reinforcement for the soul is outside of it. In the cord according to the invention, the explosive particles in the soul are held together by a binder, e.g. 35 by an organic polymer, and this has a favorable effect because it ensures a uniform, high density of the soul and therefore reliability of the detonation; A high density is an essential aspect especially with detonating cords of small diameter, low charge density and low explosiveness. With regard to the binder-containing core, it has been found that, although central, internal reinforcement has been described as preferable for detonating cords of high charge density from self-supporting explosives (cf. US Pat. No. 45,338,764), outer reinforcing threads for the correct working of Low charge detonating cords made with this type of soul are essential. If the binder-containing explosive core of the cord is reinforced according to the invention, the outer verso strengthening, e.g. the textile yarns, preferably in the longitudinal direction substantially parallel to the cord axis. In contrast to the previously known low-energy detonating cords, which are provided with woven or wound textile reinforcements, such a cord can easily be produced continuously at a high speed.

The binder-containing explosive, which is the core of the line, contains at least one finely divided, capsule-sensitive, crystalline explosive explosive compound which can be an organic polynitrate, such as PETN or mannitol hexanitrate, 60 or a polynitramine, such as cyclotrimethylene trinitramine (RDX) or cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX. Of these compounds, PETN is the most readily available and satisfactory under the conditions typically found in blasting, and for this reason it is the preferred crystalline explosive in the explosive core. The crystalline explosive explosive compound is in a mixture with a binder which is a natural or synthetic

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organic polymer, e.g. the soluble nitrocellulose described in US Pat. No. 2,992,087 or the mixture of an organic rubber and the process described in US Pat. No. 2,999,743. can be a thermoplastic terpene hydrocarbon resin. The compositions described in this patent can be used for the core of the detonating cord according to the invention. The soul can also contain other components, such as additives to soften the binder or to compact the mass. Other useful compositions are those described in U.S. Patents 3,338,764 and 3,428,502.

The detonating cord according to the invention is a "low energy" detonating cord, i.e. one that generates relatively little noise during the detonation and has a relatively low explosiveness. Therefore, for a given core composition, the core diameter is such that approximately 0.1 to 2, preferably at least 0.4 g of explosive crystalline explosive are allotted to the running meter of the cord. For mains that contain souls with higher charge densities, noise can easily become a problem in certain areas. The reliability of the complete propagation of the detonation is low below about 0.1 g / m, unless the soul also contains an energy-rich binder and / or an energy-rich plasticizer. With such a composition, e.g. with a composition having a high viscosity nitrocellulose binder softened with trimethylolethane trinitrate as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,943,017, charge densities of a particulate explosive in the soul can be as low as about 0.02 g / m be achievable. Charge densities of around 0.4 to 2 g / m have proven to be particularly advantageous for downhole and main line cords. In the case of explosive cores with a low charge density, such as the cords according to the invention, it is essential that the crystalline explosive explosive component is present in the “super-fine” particle size range, i.e. the maximum dimension of the particles should be in the range of 0.1 to 50 μm, and the average maximum dimension should generally not be greater than about 20 μm. Larger explosive particles, large fluctuations in particle size and particulate foreign substances are undesirable because they disrupt the uniform propagation of the detonation in the soul. A preferred explosive for the soul is one with microholes, manufactured according to US Pat. No. 3,754,061.

The explosive charge density of the soul is a function of the content of the binder-containing mass of explosive crystalline explosive and the core diameter. The content of explosive crystalline explosive can e.g. vary from about 55 to 90% by weight of the soul composition. Although a small amount of explosives can be offset to some extent by a larger core diameter, it is more effective and propagation of the detonation is more reliable if the explosive content is as high as possible for a given charge density, and preferably at least about 70% by weight. -% of the mass of the soul. For explosives in the range of about 55 to 90% by weight, core diameters of about 0.025 to 0.152 cm are used to achieve core charge densities of 0.1 to 2 g / m core length. In order to achieve the preferred core charge density of 0.4 g / m, a diameter of about 0.069 cm is used. The explosive mass also contains about 1 to 10, preferably 2 to 5,% by weight of binder and, if necessary, a plasticizer in order to make the mass extrudable and to give it cohesion in the soul.

The density of the soul varies with the particular particulate explosive and binder, the content of explosive and binder and the type and amount of other possible additives. Generally, souls have a density of about 1.5 g / cm3 based on the compositions described in U.S. Patents 2,992,087 and 2,999,743. A soul density of this order of magnitude, in contrast to densities of only about 1.2 g / cnr, as can be achieved with particulate souls, has the advantage of better transmission of the detonation wave and therefore a higher detonation speed for a given diameter. The cross-sectional shape of the soul is not decisive for the correct functioning of the cord; however, a core of generally circular cross-section is preferably generally used to facilitate the manufacture of detonating cords with the generally circular cross-section.

The binder-containing explosives core is enclosed in a jacket, which protects it against abrasion and other damage that can occur during handling and in preparation for blasting. Since the jacket primarily has a protective function, it is relatively thin, i.e. in the range of about 0.013 to 0.191 cm; however, a sheath with a thickness of up to about 0.318 cm can be used if the cord is to be used under very heavy load conditions such as those found in opencast mining. Uniform protection is difficult to achieve with coats thinner than about 0.013 cm. A jacket thicker than about 0.318 cm is not required in the detonating cord according to the invention and in any case only adds unnecessarily to the thickness and cost of the cord, limits its flexibility and can cause difficulties in insertion into small diameter boreholes. From the point of view of ease of application to the soul and the degree of protection provided by the sheath, a sheath thickness of about 0.051 to 0.127 cm is preferred. With the preferred core charge densities from 0.4 to 2 g / m and the preferred shell thicknesses from 0.051 to 0.127 cm, the ratio of the core charge density (g / m) to the shell thickness (cm) is therefore 3: 1 to 39: 1.

Within the useful cladding thickness range, it is often advisable to use a thicker cladding when the explosive charge density in the core is near the lower end of the range of charge densities, as in such cases this can ensure reliable detonation and propagation of the detonation. Furthermore, the increase in the cladding thickness with an increase in the soul charge density can also ensure that the detonation continues through knots and half-stitches.

The jacket consists of only one or more layers of plastic. This means that each layer from which the sheath is constructed consists essentially of plastic and that there is no metal or fabric layer enclosing the sheath, neither adjacent to the soul nor separated from the soul.

The soul consists of a plastic, i.e. deformable, fabric that is flowable, i.e. is extrudable. This makes it possible to e.g. by extrusion or other conventional coating methods on the soul, without causing a harmful change in the shape of the explosive. The plastic should be flexible and tough when hardened. The temperature of the plastic, which can be applied to the core when the jacket is applied, varies depending on the contact time between the core and the soft plastic above it, the speed of heat exchange between the core and plastic and the stability of the binder in the core can, the plastic in the case of a PETN-containing core at a temperature

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not be flowable above about 200 ° C. The plastic can be a thermoset, such as rubber or other elastomer, or a thermoplastic, such as wax, asphalt, polyolefins, e.g. Polyethylene or polypropylene, polyester e.g. Polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides, e.g. Nylon, polyvinyl chloride, ionomeric resins, e.g. Metal salts of copolymers of ethylene and methacrylic acid, etc. Thermoplastic jackets are preferred, and polyethylene is particularly preferred because of its easy availability, applicability, etc.

In order to allow the cord to maintain its structure and dimensions in practical use, a reinforcement is preferably used to increase the tensile strength of the cord and to prevent it from under the action of the forces normally applied during loading of drill holes occur, constricts to the break point. Such reinforcement can indeed be achieved by a substance distributed in the plastic layer or layers of the protective sheath, e.g. caused by fragments or strands of yarn, for example in the manner shown in US Pat. No. 2,687,553, or on the outer circumference of the jacket; however, the core is preferably reinforced by at least one and usually preferably by four or more continuous strands of yarn which are substantially in contact with the periphery of the core and are substantially parallel to its longitudinal axis.

The arrangement of yarn strands between the core and the jacket is preferred over the arrangement of yarn strands inside the plastic layer of the jacket because heat is less easily transferred from the plastic to the core when hot plastic is extruded onto the core. The term "yarn" is used here in the sense of the "Standard Definitions of Terms Relating to Textile Materials", ASTM standard D 123-74a, where "yarn" is defined as a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, threads or material , which occurs as a number of fibers twisted together, as a number of threads laid down without thread, as a number of threads laid down with more or less thread, a single thread (monofilament) with or without twist or one or more strips which by longitudinally splitting a film from a substance, such as a natural or synthetic polymer, with or without swirl. Types of yarn that fall under this definition are single thread, plied yarn, multiple twisted yarn, cord, thread, fancy thread, etc. The skein or strands of yarn is (are) in place around the soul through the plastic sheath recorded, which includes the soul and the yarn strand (yarn strands) running along the circumference. Any yarn that has sufficient tensile strength can be used to prevent the soul from constricting to the extent that it will no longer propagate a detonation under the action of the forces normally encountered when loading the borehole. This usually requires the core to have a tensile strength of at least about 4.5 kg / mm 2. In order to ensure that the cord withstands even stronger forces, a tensile strength of at least about 9 kg / mm 2 is preferred for the reinforced core. Yarn material, thread count and titer as well as the number of yarns are selected so that the required tensile strength is obtained. Multifilament yarns can be preferred because, unlike monofilaments, they tend to spread around the core, have an insulating effect and a more distributed cage effect during the wrapping process. In the case of stronger threads, you can work with fewer strands and lower titers. Yarns with a denier of more than 2000 den are not preferred because of the

Detonating cord then becomes too thick. Any natural fibers can be used in the yarn; however, synthetic fibers such as polyester, polyamide and polyacrylic fibers are preferred because of their higher strength. Nylon, polyethylene terephthalate and the fully aromatic polyamide produced by condensation of terephthalic acid and p-phenylene diamine are particularly preferred. If these fibers have a denier of 800 den or more, they have tensile strengths of at least about 4.5 kg / mm 2, so that the cord then only needs to contain a single strand of yarn. However, multifilament yarns provide additional strength and are therefore preferred. You can also use lower titers, e.g. down to about 400 den. In the preferred cord, at least four multifilament yarns are arranged substantially evenly around the perimeter of the core, which results in an even distribution of the reinforcement around the core. Placing the multifilament yarns next to each other in the cage before applying the plastic sheath does not result in a significant advantage because the processes of pulling the cage and coating it with the plastic anyway lead to the spreading or diffusion of the threads in the multifilament yarns that the yarns can mix around the soul. For this reason and considering the size of the soul and the titer of the yarns, the use of more than twelve yarns is unnecessary. The layer of thread is usually no thicker than about 0.025 cm.

Textured yarns and multiplex yarns (as described in US Pat. No. 3,338,764) are particularly effective as reinforcements for the soul since they bind tightly to the plastic sheath surrounding them. Applying an adhesive coating, e.g. Made of soft wax, the strands improve the bond between the strands and the plastic sheath, because this reduces the mobility of the yarn, which could have an unfavorable effect on the soul, and increases the peel strength of the sheath.

The method and device according to the invention are explained below with reference to FIGS. 2 to 4. 2 and 3 show a piston extrusion press 5 with a piston 6 and a cylinder 29 which is surrounded by heating coils 7. The extrusion cylinder 29 is provided with a vacuum line 25 and a sieve 26 which is fastened on one side of a carrier plate 27 equipped with many openings. In the extrusion cylinder 29 and in the openings of the plate 27 there is a mass 28 of deformable explosive explosive containing binder. The other side of the plate 27 is adjacent to the tapered shape part of the cylinder 29 into which the explosive mass 28 is driven under the action of the piston 6 and deformed into a solid rod or core 2.

A strand orientation plate 8 adjoins the molded part of the extrusion press 5 and acts as a device for orienting thread strands including the thread strands 9 and 10 in an essentially parallel, annular arrangement. The plate 8 has an axial channel and radial grooves for receiving the strands in a surface connected to the axial channel, and the grooved surface of the plate is curved when it meets the axial channel. The plate 8 is supported in such a position that its grooved surface meets the surface of the extruder 5 in such a way that the axial channel of the plate is coaxial with the core 2 that emerges from the molded part of the extruder 5 under the action of the piston 6 is squeezed. Strands 9 and 10 are withdrawn from spools 11 and 12, respectively, through a rotary reel 13, which is a device for pulling or pulling strands under sufficient tension to hold them in

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Arrange shape of an advancing cage 14. The soul 2 coming from the extrusion press 5 is carried in the cage 14 and promoted by it. The rotary reel 13 pulls the cage 14 (which contains the core 2) through the extrusion mold 15 of a second extrusion press, which applies plastic around the cage in the form of a jacket 4. The extrusion die 15 has an annular outer part 17 and a tubular inner part 16, which are arranged such that a soft plastic 30, which is supplied to the extrusion die 15 through the wall of FIG. 17 in a manner known per se (not shown), between the opposing ones Surfaces of the outer part 17 and the tubular inner part 16 is deformed into a tube, while the cage 14 advances through the axial channel of the tubular part 16. A vacuum line 18 extends through the wall of the tubular part 16 and opens into the axial channel of the latter. The tubular part 16 and the strand orientation plate 8 are kept in a coaxial position by the connecting tube 19 which surrounds the cage 14 in the space between the plate 8 and the tubular part 16.

The sheathed cage (cord 1) containing the soul, which forms at the outlet of the extrusion die 15, runs through the vessel 20, e.g. a water tank that forms a device for hardening the plastic. After passing the rotary reel 13, the cord is collected on the winding spool 22, the winding of the cord by passing it over a tension control element 21, e.g. a dancer roller controller is facilitated. The extrusion piston 6 is connected to a sensor 23, which determines the speed of the piston and sends a corresponding signal to the signal processor 24, which in turn is connected to the drive for the rotary reel 13 and the drive for the take-up reel 22 and their speeds corresponding to that regulates the signal transmitted by the sensor 23.

FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of an extrusion die 15 which can be used in the device according to the invention together with an extrusion press to produce the explosive core. This extrusion die has a mechanism for orienting yarn strands in a substantially parallel, annular arrangement and can therefore be used in the device shown in FIG. 2 without a strand orientation plate 8. In this embodiment, an axial channel in the extrusion die 15 has a cylindrical part 31 and a conical part 32. A hollow cone-shaped insert 33 is in such a position that its tip sits in the conical part of the extrusion die with a small distance between both surfaces. The rotary reel 13 pulls yarn strands 9 and 10 through openings in the yarn guide ring 34 and from there further along the inner surface of the adjacent conical insert 33. The strands converge in the conical part of the insert 33 and then orient themselves essentially parallel to one another, forming a cage when they pass through a cylindrical part of the insert 33.

The explosives core 2 advances into the cylindrical part of the insert 33, where it is carried along by the yarn cage formed therein. Plastic 30 is inserted into the annular space between the walls of the conical insert 33 and the extrusion die 15. This annular space communicates with the cylindrical part 31 of the extrusion die through the space between the conical part 32 of the extrusion die and the tip of the insert 33. The cylindrical part of the insert 33 is coaxially connected to the cylindrical part 31 of the extrusion die. Which is in the cylindrical

Cage 14 forming part of the insert 3 and containing the core is drawn through a plastic stream 30 which flows through the cylindrical part 31 of the extrusion die after it has entered the space between the 5 conical part 32 of the extrusion die and the tip of the insert 33 is. The plastic 30 is deformed into a jacket around the core surrounded by the cage 14, and the detonating cord 1 is thus formed.

The following example explains the production of a belo preferred detonating cord according to the invention.

example 1

A. In the device shown in FIG. 3, the mass 28 in the extrusion cylinder 29 consists of 455 g of a deformable, binder-containing explosive, namely a mixture of 76.5% super-fine PETN, 20.2% acetate tributyl citrate and 3 , 3% nitrocellulose, produced by the process of US Pat. No. 2,992,087. The superfine-particle PETN is produced by the process of US Pat. No. 3,754,061, contains 20 micro-holes distributed in its mass and has an average particle size of less than 15 µm, with all particles smaller than 44 | xm. In order to keep the explosive mass in an extrudable state, the temperature of the cylinder 29 is kept at 63 ° C. by heating spirals 7. 25 After the explosive mass has been introduced into the cylinder 29, the piston 6 is advanced so that it closes the cylinder 29, and a vacuum is applied through line 25. A vacuum of -741.7 mm of mercury is held for 1 minute to prevent air 30 from being trapped in the explosive mass, as this could cause discontinuity in the extruded core and impair its ability to propagate detonation. The piston 6 is then advanced further until the explosive mass 28 is compressed, but not so far that the extrusion process begins.

The strands 9 and 10 and four further strands (not shown) are threaded into the radial grooves of the plate 8 and pulled through the axial channels of the plate 8 and through the tubular part 16 by the drive of the rotary reel 13 becomes. Each of the six strands consists of polyethylene terephthalate yarn with a denier of 1000 den, and the tension of the strands is regulated by the tension control element 21 to 113.4 g each. At the same time, the drive of the take-up reel 22 and the device for moving the plastic 30 are activated. The plastic 30 is high-pressure polyethylene and is at 150 ° C. The vessel 29 consists of two compartments, of which the first compartment through which the cord runs contains water at 81 ° C and the second compartment contains water at 21 ° C. This two-zone cooling contributes to a more uniform cooling of the plastic jacket and promotes a tighter fit of the jacket on the cage. The diameter of the part of the extrusion press 5 where the core 2 forms is 0.076 cm. The 55 distance between the opposing surfaces of the outer part 17 and the tubular inner part 16 of the extrusion die 15 is such that the resulting polyethylene jacket 4 has a thickness of 0.089 cm.

As soon as the rotary reel 13, the tension control element 21, 60, the take-up reel 22 and the vessel 20 are in operation,

the piston 6 is advanced at a speed of 1.270 cm / min. The explosive mass 28 is driven through the sieve 26, which sieves out particles larger than 0.0254 cm, and through the openings in the plate 27, and is deformed into a solid core 2 with a diameter of 0.076 cm. The core emerges from the extrusion press 5 at a speed of 75.6 m / min, and the speed of the forward through the rotary reel 13

9

625775

The second and wound on the coil 22 cage is tuned to the extrusion speed of the soul by signals coming from the signal processor 24. A vacuum is applied through line 18 in order to facilitate the shrinking of the plastic jacket onto the cage 14 containing the core and which runs through the tubular part 16. A vacuum of -15 cm column of mercury is maintained in the tubular portion 16.

The cord 1 wound on the spool 22 has an outer diameter of 0.254 cm, a core with a diameter of 0.076 cm and a 0.089 cm thick polyethylene covering. The PETN charge density in the soul is 0.533 g / m (g / m PETN per cm coating = 6: 1), and the density of the soul is 1.5 g / cm3. The threads of the yarn surround the soul essentially completely, as shown in Fig. 1. The cord is flexible and light and has a tensile strength of 45 kg.

When the cord is detonated by a No. 6 detonator, the end of which is in coaxial contact with the free end of the cord, it detonates at a speed of 6900 m / sec. The cord does not fire itself when a section of the same side is joined together with another section. The detonation of a coherent length of the cord is propagated by knots of various shapes. The cord is difficult to ignite if the detonator's contact with the cord is not coaxial.

B. The same cord is produced according to the method described in part A, with the difference that the extrusion die 15 shown in FIG. 4 is used instead of the extrusion die 15 shown in FIG. 3 and the strand orientation plate 8. In this method, the rotary reel 13 pulls four skeins of thread through the cylindrical portion of the insert 33 under sufficient tension to place them in an advancing cage of longitudinally substantially parallel strands, the cage takes the soul with it, and the cage containing the soul becomes worn pulling the polyethylene stream flowing through the cylindrical portion of the axial channel of the extrusion die, whereby a sheath of soft polyethylene is applied all around the cage. As with the method described in Part A, there is essentially no reduction in the diameter of the soul in this operation.

According to the methods described above, with corresponding changes in the size of the extrusion molds and the extrusion speeds, detonating cords with different core diameters, jacket thicknesses and numbers of reinforcing yarn skeins can be produced.

The use of the low energy detonating cord according to the invention and the influence of various parameters such as the charge density and the diameter of the core, the thickness and composition of the sheath and the number and type of reinforcing yarns are explained in the examples below.

Example 2

0.26 g of the superfine-particle PETN described in Example 1 are filled into a 0.08 mm thick aluminum sleeve with an embossed bottom, the end of which is brought to bear on the side of a 3 m long cord according to Example 1A, with the difference that the cord in this case has a core with a diameter of 0.127 cm and a PETN charge density of 1.49 g / m. This cord serves as the main line. One end of a 1.5 m long cord according to Example 1A (borehole line) is inserted into the aluminum sleeve (the detonator) so that it touches the PETN. The other end of the borehole pipe is brought into contact with the impact-sensitive part of a blow-time detonator. The main line is detonated with a No. 6 detonator, the end of which is in coaxial contact with the free end of the cord. The detonation is transmitted from the main line to the igniter, from the igniter to the downhole line and from the downhole line to the percussion detonator.

The same results are obtained with main line cords, the core of which have charge densities of 2.13 g / m or 0.938 g / m, corresponding to diameters of 0.152 cm or 0.102 cm, as well as with borehole cord, the core of which have charge densities of 0.638 g / m m or 0.469 g / m, corresponding to diameters of 0.084 cm or 0.07 cm.

Example 3

The following experiments show the types of abuse, knot, tension, and abrasion treatment that the line according to the invention endures.

A. One end of an 18 m long borehole line from the cord according to Example 1A is brought into contact with the impact-sensitive part of a blow-time detonator. The time fuse is embedded in a 0.9 kg chub cartridge (tube made of flexible film with narrowed closed ends) of 5 cm in diameter and 41 cm in length, which contains a non-explosive mass for simulating a water gel explosive. The timer and the cord are fastened in place by two half-stitches in the foil cartridge. The cartridge is lowered into a simulated 15 m deep borehole, which consists of the inside of a steel tube of 13 cm in diameter, under various loading conditions, which can occur in practical use. The other end of the borehole line having a charge density of 0.53 g / m is connected to the igniter and the main line having a charge density of 1.49 g / m according to Example 2. After the tube has been loaded under the conditions described, the main line is detonated according to Example 2. The downhole line detonates completely, and the shock sensitive time detonator detonates after the time delay planned for it after the downhole line, time fuse and cartridge assembly has been subjected to the following conditions:

I. Allow the cartridge to fall freely along the length of the downhole.

II. The free fall of the cartridge is suddenly stopped every 4.6 m.

III. The string rubs against the rough edge of a steel pipe when the whole thing is let down into the pipe.

IV. Conditions II and III are combined.

V. In each of the experiments I, II, III and IV, a 3.2 kg sandbag is thrown into the pipe five times in succession onto the unit comprising the borehole line, timer and cartridge, and is pulled out again, the sandbag adhering to its fall the cord rubs.

B. The cord described in Example 1A is knotted and a 3.2 kg weight is hung at the end of the cord. The weight is dropped into the 15m tube described in Part A of this example, with the free fall of the weight being stopped five times so that an increased tension is applied to the knot. Five cords treated in this way then detonate completely without interruption at the knots.

5

10th

15

20th

25th

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

625775

10th

Example 4

The use of the detonating cords described in Examples 1 and 2 for the transmission of detonation waves for the bottom loading of a column of explosive explosives in boreholes is explained as follows:

Six boreholes, each 7.6 m deep, 7.6 cm in diameter and 2.4 m apart, are each equipped with three aligned chub cartridges (5 x 41 cm) of a water gel explosive described in US Pat. No. 3,431,155, that of polyethylene terephthalate film is encased, loaded. An impact detonator is embedded in the lower cartridge of each borehole and is connected in the manner described in Example 2 to the cord (borehole line) described in Example 1B. The other end of each well line is in the manner described in Example 2 with the main line described in Example 2 (with the difference,

that this has four skeins of thread) connected. It won't

Trimmings used. It can be concluded from the time delay of the timers used that the detonation of the main line triggers the sequential detonation of the charges in the boreholes, starting with the lowest charge. There is no sign of column interruption.

Examples 5 to 10 detonating cords are produced according to Example 1. The soul's explosive consists of 76.1% by weight of superfine PETN, 20.3% by weight of acetyltributyl citrate and 3.6% by weight of nitrocellulose. Four strands of the yarn described in Example 1 are used. The plastic for the jacket is the same as in example 1. The core is extruded with different diameters, and coatings of different thicknesses are applied. The detonation behavior of the cords (ignited as described in Example 1) is summarized in the following table:

Detonation speed, m / sec for a given soul diameter - PETN, outer diameter ** of the cord diameter, cm g / m oj7g o, 203 0.229 0.254 0.318

5

0.033 *

0.107

6600

6

0.051

0.213

6700

6600

6600

t

0.076

0.533

6800

6800

6600

6700

6700

F

0.102

0.938

6800

6800

6800

7200

9

0.127

1.49

7000

10th

0.152

2.13

7000

* This cord ignites and propagates the detonation only in 50% of the cases; all other cords detonate reliably. ** Outside diameter in cm.

These examples show that the detonation speed of the examined cords is in the range of 6900 m / sec ± 5% regardless of the PETN charge density and the thickness of the plastic coating. With the composition of the core and coating thickness of 0.112 cm used here, however, the reliability of the detonation with the lowest PETN charge density and the smallest core diameter becomes somewhat problematic.

Examples 11 to 14 The explosive 50 cord described in Examples 5 to 10 is examined at three different core charge densities and diameters for the reliability of the ignition and the continuous propagation of the detonation with a minimum coating thickness.

Number of detonations in 10 experiments PETN, core diameter, at the specified coating thickness *

g / m cm 0 0.025 0.038 0.064

11

0.107

0.033

0

:, 10

12

0.213

0.051

4th

10th

13

0.533

0.076

8th

10th

14

1.49

0.127

10th

* cm

11

625775

These examples show that with increasing core diameter and increasing PETN charge density, the plastic coating adversely affects the ability of the detonating cord to ignite and propagate a detonation.

Example 15

The cord described in Examples 5 to 10, the core of which has a diameter of 0.076 cm, is produced with coatings of different materials and of different thicknesses. All cord samples (length at least 46 m) with 0.051, 0.071 and 0.084 cm thick coatings of high-pressure polyethylene, low-pressure polyethylene and a metal salt of a copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid (an ionomeric resin) detonate reliably at a speed of 7200 m / sec with both four Strands as well as eight strands of reinforcing yarn. The temperature of the extrusion mold when the is applied

Low pressure polyethylene 175 ° C and 135 ° C when applying the ionomer resin.

The minimum tensile strength of all samples made with four skeins of yarn is 32 kg, while the minimum tensile strength of all samples made with eight skeins of yarn is 64 kg. All samples detonate regardless of the type and thickness of the coating after the following treatment: A 2.7 kg weight is tied to one end of the cord. The weight is allowed to pull the cord over the edge of a concrete block under the influence of gravity and then the cord is pulled back to its starting point. This is repeated five times.

Examples 16 to 19 15 The influence of the charge density of the core and the thickness of the sheath on the behavior of the cords described in Examples 5 to 10 after knotting, as can occur in practical use, follows from the following table:

"_" XT ",. ,, propagation of the detonation

Example PE ™> core diameter, jacket thickness, by knots g / m cm cm half stitch knots

16

17th

18th

19th

0.533 0.638 0.723 0.853

0.076 0.084 0.089 0.102

0.089 0.086 0.084 0.109

15 (a> 15 <a>

13 <«>

14 <«>

5 <»> 5 <b> 2 <b>

4 (b)

<a> Number of positive results in 15 attempts. (b> Number of positive results in 5 experiments; knots tied under a tension of 4.5 kg.

35 These examples show that the cords described here propagate a detonation through knots instead of separating at the knots due to excessive explosiveness. They also show that when the explosive charge density is increased, an increase in the jacket thickness ensures the propagation of the detonation by knots.

Examples 20 to 24 The cord described in Examples 5 to 10, the core of which has a diameter of 0.076 cm, is made with various numbers of multifilament strands of polyethylene terephthalate yarn (PET) and an aramid yarn (fully aromatic polyamide, produced by condensation of Terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine), all strands having a titer of 1000 den. The influence of these 50 variables on the strength of the cord and its ability to propagate detonation through knots,

shows the following table:

example

PET yarn aramid yarn number of skeins

Cord tensile strength, kg

Propagation of the detonation by knot semi-stitch knot

20th

2nd

20th

4 (a)

2; 0; 0; 0 <b>

21st

4th

37

10 <«'

3; 0; 0; 0 (b>

22

8th

68

10 (a>

3; 3; 3; 0 (b>

23

2nd

48

9 (io

2; 1; 0; 0

24th

4th

90

10 (a)

3; 3; 3; 3 (b>

(aJ Number of positive results in 10 attempts. (b) Number of positive results in 3 attempts;

Knots tied under 4.5, 9.1, 13.6 and 18.2 kg.

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12

These examples show that the tensile strength of the cord for a given number of skeins of the same titer varies with the tensile strength of the yarn. In this case, the aramid provides a line of higher tensile strength with fewer strands than the polyester. The examples further show that a large number of strands of a given fiber or a stronger fiber improves the ability of the cord to propagate detonation through denser nodes.

Example 25

A continuous solid core made of a binder-containing explosive mass composed of 75% by weight of superfine-particle PETN and 25% by weight of binder, consisting of a copolymer of butadiene, acrylonitrile and methacrylic acid (cf. US Pat. No. 3,338,764), is used in one Strand of an aramid yarn (condensation product of terephthalic acid and p-phenylenediamine) attached. The core and the carrier strand are drawn together through a tubular coating extrusion die, both of which are surrounded by a 0.064 cm thick jacket made of high-pressure polyethylene. The cord thus obtained, which has a PETN charge density of 1.49 g / m, detonates when ignited according to the procedure of Example 1, at a speed of 7000 m / sec and has a tensile strength of 34 kg.

Example 26

The deformable binder-containing explosive mass described in Example 1 (with the difference that it consists of 76% by weight of superfine-particle PETN, 20% by weight of acetyltri-butyl citrate and 4% by weight of nitrocellulose) is extruded so that ten 1 , 2 m long cords, five of which have a diameter of 0.076 cm (0.533 g / m PETN) and five have a diameter of 0.127 cm (1.49 g / m PETN). The extruded cords are drawn into high-pressure polyethylene pipe with a clear width of 0.152 cm and an outer diameter of 0.20 cm. The ratio of explosive charge density to wall thickness for these cords is 18: 1 or 50: 1, expressed in g / m charge density per cm thickness. All cords have tensile strengths of around 4.5 kg.

The cords are detonated by a # 6 detonator with the end of the capsule in coaxial contact with the free end of the cord. All cords detonate without interruption, all plastic covers being used up. The average detonation speed for all ten cords is 7300 m / sec.

In the method according to the invention there is practically no reduction in the core diameter after the core has been produced. The method creates a high density core without requiring a reduction in the diameter of the core, as e.g. is the case in processes for producing detonating cords with a core io from particulate explosives. The fact that the process does not require changing the diameter of the core simplifies process control with respect to achieving the required final charge density of the core and avoids the possibility of penetration of the surrounding strands of yarn into the core.

In the case of detonating cords with souls of small diameter and low charge density, foreign matter particles, such as sand, metal etc., can impair the detonation of the cord if the particles are large enough. It is therefore an important feature of the invention that an explosive mass can be produced for the core, which is free of such particles due to the conditions used in the production, and that the extruder used to produce the core 25 is equipped with a particle screen. For souls with diameters of about 0.076 cm and more, particles larger than about 33% of the core diameter should be excluded. For souls with a smaller diameter, particles larger than 0.013 cm 30 should be excluded.

If, in the method according to the invention, yarn strands and the explosive core are fed separately to a mold for extruding the plastic sheath, the cage forming in this press usually takes the core with it, and the shell then forms on the core covered with the cage . The production of the cage, the taking away of the soul and the sheathing can also be carried out practically simultaneously. Likewise, the two extruders of the device, namely the extrusion press with which the core is manufactured and the extrusion press with which the jacket is manufactured, can be components of separate extrusion presses, but they can also be located together in a single extrusion system.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (24)

625775 1. Low-energy detonating cord made of a continuous massive core made of explosive explosive and a protective jacket surrounding the soul, characterized in that a) the explosive explosive is a deformable, binder-containing explosive mass which contains at least 55% by weight of capsule-sensitive, crystalline explosive explosive compound from the group of contains organic polynitrates and polynitramines in a mixture with a binder, the particles of the crystalline explosive explosive compound in the binder-containing mass having a maximum dimension in the range from 0.1 to 50 μm and the soul contains 0.1 to 2 g crystalline explosive explosive compound per meter length , and b) the protective jacket consists of only one or more layers of a plastic which is flowable at a temperature which does not exceed the melting point of the crystalline explosive explosive compound by more than 75 ° C. 2. detonating cord according to claim 1, further characterized by a soul reinforcement outside the soul. 2nd PATENT CLAIMS 3rd 625775 and the strand orientation mechanism (8; 33) is in such a position that that of the; The core (2, 3) surrounded by the cage runs as a carrier for the application of the jacket (4) through the second extrusion press (15) without the diameter of the core (2) being reduced beforehand, simultaneously or afterwards, and e) a device ( 20) for passing the core (2, 3, 4) provided with the jacket and cage in order to harden the plastic (30). 3. detonating cord according to claim 2, characterized in that the core reinforcement consists essentially of at least one continuous strand of yarn, which runs on the circumference of the core substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the core and has such a tensile strength that the core is prevented from under Constriction of the forces occurring when loading boreholes to the point of breakage. 4. detonating cord according to claim 3, characterized in that the core reinforcement consists of at least four yarn skeins, which are distributed substantially uniformly around the circumference of the core and are in contact with the circumference, having such a tensile strength that the tensile strength of the Soul is at least 4.5 kg and the protective coat encloses the soul and the strands. 5. detonating cord according to claim 4, characterized in that the yarn is a multifilament yarn, the threads of which are distributed around the soul. 6. detonating cord according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the crystalline explosive explosive compound is pentaerythritol tetranitrate or cyclotrimethy-lentrinitramine. 7. detonating cord according to claim 6, characterized in that the explosive mass contains at least 70 wt .-% pentaerythritol tetranitrate, the core contains at least 0.4 g pentaerythritol tetranitrate per meter length and the sheath consists of a thermoplastic material. 8. detonating cord according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the binder is softened nitrocellulose. 9. detonating cord according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the thermoplastic plastic is a flowable at a temperature below 200 ° C polyolefin. 10. detonating cord according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the thermoplastic is polyethylene and that the sheath is 0.051 to 0.127 cm thick. 11. detonating cord according to claim 7, characterized in that the thickness of the sheath in the range of 0.013 to 0.318 cm. 12. detonating cord according to one of claims 4 to 11, characterized in that the reinforced core has a tensile strength of at least 9 kg. 13. detonating cord according to claim 12, characterized in that the sheath is 0.013 to 0.191 cm thick. 14. Method for producing an explosive cord according to Claim 2, in which a continuous solid core is produced from the explosive mass and provided with core reinforcement and a protective jacket, characterized in that 5 a) the core is produced from a mixture of a capsule-sensitive, crystalline explosive explosive compound and a suitable binder, b) pulling off twine strands under sufficient tension so that they are arranged in the form of an advancing cage made of essentially parallel, longitudinally running strands, c) the advancing cage allows the soul to take with it, so that the cage acts as a support organ for the soul, d) a layer of white plastic is applied around the advancing cage without an essential one Cause a change in the diameter of the core after it has been taken into the cage, and e) the plastic hardens. 15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the soul is extruded into the advancing yarn cage and then it is passed together with the yarn cage into and through an extrusion mold in which the plastic forms a jacket around the yarn cage with the therein soul is deformed around. 25th 16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that a tubular extrusion die is used and the resulting plastic tube is shrunk onto the core surrounded by the cage by applying a vacuum to the extrusion die. 30th 17. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the yarn strands and the core are fed separately to an extrusion mold in which the strands are arranged in a cage and take the core with them, while the plastic jacket around the core surrounded by the cage when the core surrounded by the cage is passed through a plastic stream. 18. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the mixture is deformed under vacuum to form the solid core. 40 19. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the mixture is treated so that particles larger than 25% of the diameter of the soul are excluded. 20. Device for carrying out the method according to claim 14 with a mechanism for the continuous production of a solid core from explosive mass and a mechanism for applying a core reinforcement and a protective jacket to the core, characterized by a) a first extrusion press (5) for Deforming the explosive mass (28) from explosive compound containing binder to form a continuous solid core (2), b) a mechanism (8; 33) for orienting yarn strands (9, 10) essentially parallel to one another in an annular arrangement, c) a mechanism (13) for withdrawing the substantially parallel strands (9, 10) under sufficient tension to produce an advancing cage (3) 6o, wherein the strand orientation mechanism (8; 33) is in such a position with respect to the first extrusion press (5) that the cage (3) takes the soul (2) emerging from the first extrusion press (5) with it and conveys it further , 65 d) a second extrusion press (15) for applying a soft plastic (30) in the form of a jacket (4) to a carrier running through it, the second extrusion press (15) with respect to the first extrusion press (5) 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that the cylinder (29) of the first extrusion press (5) has an opening (25) for applying a vacuum. 22. The apparatus of claim 20 or 21, characterized in that the cylinder (29) of the first extrusion press (5) contains a sieve (26) for retaining particles that are larger than 25% of the diameter of the core (2). 23. Device according to one of claims 20 to 22, characterized in that the first extrusion press (5) is a piston extrusion press, the cylinder (29) of which is equipped with heating coils (7). 24. Device according to one of claims 20 to 23, characterized in that with the first extrusion press (5) and the extrusion mechanism (13) organs (23, 24) are connected, which monitor the output of the first extrusion press (5) and the speed the strand pulling mechanism (13) can then adjust.