CH577565A5 - Wear resistant and self lubricating sprayed coatings - esp. for piston rings, using cobalt tungsten alloy and nickel-graphite powders - Google Patents
Wear resistant and self lubricating sprayed coatings - esp. for piston rings, using cobalt tungsten alloy and nickel-graphite powdersInfo
- Publication number
- CH577565A5 CH577565A5 CH879672A CH879672A CH577565A5 CH 577565 A5 CH577565 A5 CH 577565A5 CH 879672 A CH879672 A CH 879672A CH 879672 A CH879672 A CH 879672A CH 577565 A5 CH577565 A5 CH 577565A5
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- surface layer
- nickel
- powder
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/02—Surface coverings of combustion-gas-swept parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
- F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0418—Noble metals
- F05C2201/0421—Silver
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
- F05C2201/0463—Cobalt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
- F05C2201/0469—Other heavy metals
- F05C2201/0475—Copper or alloys thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2203/00—Non-metallic inorganic materials
- F05C2203/08—Ceramics; Oxides
- F05C2203/0804—Non-oxide ceramics
- F05C2203/0813—Carbides
- F05C2203/0826—Carbides of wolfram, e.g. tungsten carbide
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
Abstract
A wear-resistant and self-lubricating surfae layer is mfrd. esp. on the running surface of piston rings, using plasma- or flame-spraying plant, by spraying a metal powder mixt. consisting of a cobalt-tungsten alloy contg. 5-45% of metallically bonded graphite. The surface layer pref. consits of a cobalt-tungsten alloy contg. finely divided graphite powder, and a nickel-graphite powder is pref. mixed with the Co-W alloy. The surface layer may contain a homogeneous distribution of the graphite or the latter may decrease gradually from the outer surface inwards. The surface layer is superior to hard chromium coatings.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer verschleissfesten und selbstschmierenden Oberflächenschicht, insbesondere einer Laufflächenschicht an Kolbenringen, mittels einer Plasmaspritzanlage oder einer Flammspritzanlage.
Es sind bereits eine Reihe von Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Laufflächen von Kolbenringen bekannt. Zur Erhöhung der Verschleissfestigkeit wird beispielsweise eine Hartchromschicht aufgebracht, was allerdings zu Einlaufschwierigkeiten führen kann. Um diese zu beheben, wurde schon vorgeschlagen, auf die verchromte Oberfläche eine Kupfer- oder Zinnschicht aufzubringen. Es ist auch bekannt, auf die Chromschicht ein in Metall oderKunstharz eingebettetes Schleifmittel zu verwenden. Ferner wurde schon vorgeschlagen, eine Oberflächenschicht durch ein erhärtendes Bindemittel, dem Graphit beigemengt wurde, zu erzeugen. Diese Verfahren betreffein jedoch die Herstellung von speziellen Einlaufschichten.
Ferner ist es bekannt, die Notlauf-Eigenschaften von Kolbenringen durch Aufbringen von Molybdändisulfid zu verbessern, das entweder in künstlich erzeugte Haarrisse der Oberfläche oder in die Poren von aus Sintermetall hergestellten Kolbenringen eingebracht wird.
Schichten aus Hartchrom oder Molybdän haben jedoch die Tendenz, unter Grenzschmierungsbedingungen brandig zu werden (scuffing). Dies führt zu ihrer Zerstörung.
Es ist auch bereits bekannt, zum Aufbringen von metallischen Schichten eine Plasmaspritz- oder eine Flammspritzanlage zu verwenden. Auf diese Weise kann z.B. eine verschleissfeste und korrosionssichere Oberflächenschicht erzeugt werden. Es warjedoch bisher nicht möglich, eine solche Schicht durch Beimengung eines Festkörperschmierstoffes, z.B. Graphit, auch noch selbstschmierend auszubilden, ihr also auch noch Notlaufeigenschaften zu verleihen, damit sie ohne Zerstörung kurzfristige Trockenreibungsperioden überwinden kann. Das Aufspritzen eines Gemisches von Metallpulver und losem pulverigem Graphit nach dem Metallspritzverfahren bringt nicht den gewünschten Erfolg, da loses Graphitpulver eine Haftung verunmöglicht.
Die Erfindung bezweckt, diesen Nachteil zu beheben und ein Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Oberflächenschicht zu schaffen, die sowohl verschleiss- und korrosionsfest als auch selbstschmierend ist.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Metallpulvergemisch aufgespritzt wird, das aus einer K obalt-Wolfram-Legierung besteht, die 5% bis 45% metallisch gebundenen Graphit enthält.
Vorzugsweise wird als metallisch gebundener Graphit ein Nickelgraphitpulver venvendet.
Versuche haben gezeigt, dass beispielsweise die Kobalt Wolfram-Legierung Stellit 6 für den genannten Zweck als verschleissfeste Komponente gut geeignet ist. Es werden z.B.
85% Stellit 6 -Pulver und 15% Nickelgraphit-Pulver gemischt und mittels einer Plasmaspritzanlage auf die Oberfläche von Kolbenringen gespritzt. Die dadurch erzielte Oberflächenschicht ergab ausgezeichnete verschleissbeständige Eigenschaften, die denjenigen von Hartchrom-Schichten überlegen waren. Das Nickelgraphitpulver ist ein Werkstoff, bei dem der freie Graphit von einer haftungsfähigen Nickelhülle umgeben ist. Der Anteil von 15% Nickelgraphit in der Mischung ergibt im Endprodukt einen Gehalt von ca. 3% fein verteiltem Graphit.
Die erzeugte Oberflächenschicht kann in ihrer ganzen Dicke eine homogene Verteilung der beiden Komponenten aufweisen. Es kann aber auch eine Graduierung des Gehaltes an Graphit in der Schicht erzielt werden, z.B. dadurch, dass die Schicht an der Oberfläche einen grösseren Graphitgehalt als in der Tiefe aufweist. Dies kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass man beim aufspritzen der Schicht zuerst ein Pulvergemisch von Stellit 6 und Nickelgraphitpulver, das nur wenig, z.B. 5%, Nickelgraphit enthält, und dann weitere Schichten mit grösserem Nickelgraphitanteil aufgebracht werden. Der Nikkelgraphitanteil im Stellit-Pulver, das durch die Plasmaspritzanlage aufgetragen wird, kann zwischen 5% und 45% betragen.
Dies ergibt dann einen Gehalt von ca. 1% bis 9% fein verteiltem freien Graphit in der Schicht. Die Auftragsdicke der Schicht bei Kolbenringen beträgt zweckmässig ca. 0,3 bis 0,4 mm.
Das Verfahren kann selbstverständlich auch zur Herstellung von verschleissfesten, selbstschmierenden Schichten für andere Zwecke, z.B. für Lageroberflächen, angewendet werden.
PATENTANSPRUCH 1
Verfahren zum Herstellen einer verschleissfesten und selbstschmierenden Oberflächenschicht, insbesondere einer Laufflächenschicht an Kolbenringen, mittels einer Plasmaspritzanlage oder einer Flammspritzanlage, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Metallpulvergemisch aufgespritzt wird, das aus einer Kobalt-Wolfram-Legierung besteht, die 5% bis 45% metallisch gebundenen Graphit enthält.
UNTERANSPRUCH
1. Verfahren nach Patentanspruch I, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kobalt-Wolfram-Legierung ein Nickelgraphitpulver beigemischt wird.
PATENTANSPRUCH II
Nach dem Verfahren gemäss Patentanspruch I hergestellte Oberflächenschicht. dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie aus einer Kobalt-Wolfram-Legierung mit darin fein verteiltem Graphitpulver besteht.
UNTERANSPRÜCHE
2. Oberflächenschicht nach Patentanspruch II, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie über ihre ganze Dicke eine homogene Verteilung des Graphitpulvers aufweist.
3. Oberflächenschicht nach Patentanspruch II, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie über die ganze Dicke einen graduierten, z.B. von aussen nach innen abnehmenden Gehalt an Graphitpulver aufweist.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld konnte Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
The invention relates to a method for producing a wear-resistant and self-lubricating surface layer, in particular a running surface layer on piston rings, by means of a plasma spray system or a flame spray system.
A number of methods for improving the running surfaces of piston rings are already known. To increase the wear resistance, a hard chrome layer is applied, for example, which, however, can lead to running-in difficulties. To remedy this, it has already been proposed to apply a copper or tin layer to the chrome-plated surface. It is also known to use an abrasive embedded in metal or synthetic resin on the chrome layer. Furthermore, it has already been proposed to produce a surface layer by means of a hardening binder to which graphite has been added. However, these methods relate to the manufacture of special running-in layers.
It is also known to improve the emergency running properties of piston rings by applying molybdenum disulfide, which is introduced either into artificially created hairline cracks on the surface or into the pores of piston rings made of sintered metal.
However, layers made of hard chrome or molybdenum have a tendency to become smelly (scuffing) under boundary lubrication conditions. This leads to their destruction.
It is also already known to use a plasma spray system or a flame spray system for applying metallic layers. In this way e.g. a wear-resistant and corrosion-proof surface layer can be generated. However, it has not hitherto been possible to form such a layer by admixing a solid lubricant, e.g. Graphite should also be designed to be self-lubricating, i.e. also to give it emergency running properties so that it can overcome short dry friction periods without destruction. Spraying on a mixture of metal powder and loose powdery graphite by the metal spraying process does not bring the desired success, since loose graphite powder makes adhesion impossible.
The aim of the invention is to remedy this disadvantage and to create a method for producing a surface layer which is both wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant and also self-lubricating.
The method according to the invention is characterized in that a metal powder mixture is sprayed on which consists of a carbalt-tungsten alloy which contains 5% to 45% graphite bound in metal.
A nickel graphite powder is preferably used as the metallically bound graphite.
Tests have shown that, for example, the cobalt tungsten alloy Stellite 6 is well suited for the stated purpose as a wear-resistant component. E.g.
85% stellite 6 powder and 15% nickel graphite powder mixed and sprayed onto the surface of piston rings using a plasma spray system. The surface layer obtained in this way gave excellent wear-resistant properties that were superior to those of hard chrome layers. Nickel graphite powder is a material in which the free graphite is surrounded by an adhesive nickel shell. The proportion of 15% nickel graphite in the mixture results in a content of approx. 3% finely divided graphite in the end product.
The surface layer produced can have a homogeneous distribution of the two components over its entire thickness. However, a graduation of the graphite content in the layer can also be achieved, e.g. in that the layer has a greater graphite content on the surface than in the depth. This can be achieved by first applying a powder mixture of stellite 6 and nickel graphite powder, which is only slightly, e.g. 5%, containing nickel graphite, and then further layers with a larger proportion of nickel graphite are applied. The proportion of nickel graphite in the stellite powder, which is applied by the plasma spray system, can be between 5% and 45%.
This then results in a content of approximately 1% to 9% finely divided free graphite in the layer. The application thickness of the layer on piston rings is expediently approx. 0.3 to 0.4 mm.
The process can of course also be used for the production of wear-resistant, self-lubricating layers for other purposes, e.g. for bearing surfaces.
PATENT CLAIM 1
Method for producing a wear-resistant and self-lubricating surface layer, in particular a running surface layer on piston rings, by means of a plasma spray system or a flame spray system, characterized in that a metal powder mixture is sprayed on, which consists of a cobalt-tungsten alloy containing 5% to 45% metallically bound graphite contains.
SUBClaim
1. The method according to claim I, characterized in that a nickel graphite powder is added to the cobalt-tungsten alloy.
PATENT CLAIM II
Surface layer produced by the method according to claim I. characterized in that it consists of a cobalt-tungsten alloy with graphite powder finely divided therein.
SUBCLAIMS
2. Surface layer according to claim II, characterized in that it has a homogeneous distribution of the graphite powder over its entire thickness.
3. Surface layer according to claim II, characterized in that it has a graduated, e.g. has from the outside inwards decreasing content of graphite powder.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field could overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH879672A CH577565A5 (en) | 1972-06-13 | 1972-06-13 | Wear resistant and self lubricating sprayed coatings - esp. for piston rings, using cobalt tungsten alloy and nickel-graphite powders |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH879672A CH577565A5 (en) | 1972-06-13 | 1972-06-13 | Wear resistant and self lubricating sprayed coatings - esp. for piston rings, using cobalt tungsten alloy and nickel-graphite powders |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH577565A5 true CH577565A5 (en) | 1976-07-15 |
Family
ID=4344834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH879672A CH577565A5 (en) | 1972-06-13 | 1972-06-13 | Wear resistant and self lubricating sprayed coatings - esp. for piston rings, using cobalt tungsten alloy and nickel-graphite powders |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH577565A5 (en) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4321673A1 (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-13 | Ford Werke Ag | Thermal spraying of metal and solid lubricant compositions using wire as the starting material |
WO1995002023A1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-19 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system |
WO1995002024A1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-19 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system |
DE102004057560A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring, useful for a combustion engine, comprises a bearing surface, which is provided with a plastic coating (made of polyamidimidimide and/or polyetheretherketone with stored particles) |
-
1972
- 1972-06-13 CH CH879672A patent/CH577565A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4321673A1 (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 1994-01-13 | Ford Werke Ag | Thermal spraying of metal and solid lubricant compositions using wire as the starting material |
WO1995002023A1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-19 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Metal encapsulated solid lubricant coating system |
WO1995002024A1 (en) * | 1993-07-06 | 1995-01-19 | Ford Motor Company Limited | Solid lubricant and hardenable steel coating system |
DE102004057560A1 (en) * | 2004-11-30 | 2006-06-01 | Mahle International Gmbh | Piston ring, useful for a combustion engine, comprises a bearing surface, which is provided with a plastic coating (made of polyamidimidimide and/or polyetheretherketone with stored particles) |
US7634963B2 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2009-12-22 | Mable International Gmbh | Piston ring comprising a coated running surface, and coating agent |
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Legal Events
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PL | Patent ceased |