CH504293A - Strip material and wound tube prodn - Google Patents

Strip material and wound tube prodn

Info

Publication number
CH504293A
CH504293A CH795568A CH795568A CH504293A CH 504293 A CH504293 A CH 504293A CH 795568 A CH795568 A CH 795568A CH 795568 A CH795568 A CH 795568A CH 504293 A CH504293 A CH 504293A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
threads
pipe
layer
mandrel
male connector
Prior art date
Application number
CH795568A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Luther Grosh James
Original Assignee
United Aircraft Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DK230267A external-priority patent/DK130953C/en
Application filed by United Aircraft Corp filed Critical United Aircraft Corp
Publication of CH504293A publication Critical patent/CH504293A/en

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/02Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C41/08Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder
    • B29C41/085Coating a former, core or other substrate by spraying or fluidisation, e.g. spraying powder by rotating the former around its axis of symmetry
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/58Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically
    • B29C53/581Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material
    • B29C53/582Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally helically using sheets or strips consisting principally of plastics material comprising reinforcements, e.g. wires, threads
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/001Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore a shaping technique combined with cutting, e.g. in parts or slices combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B29C69/002Winding
    • B29C69/003Winding and cutting longitudinally, e.g. for making O-rings; chain links, insulation tubes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/02Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising combinations of reinforcements, e.g. non-specified reinforcements, fibrous reinforcing inserts and fillers, e.g. particulate fillers, incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers and with or without non-reinforced or non-filled layers
    • B29C70/021Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material
    • B29C70/025Combinations of fibrous reinforcement and non-fibrous material with particular filler
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/205Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration
    • B29C70/207Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/04Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L11/00Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes
    • F16L11/04Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics
    • F16L11/08Hoses, i.e. flexible pipes made of rubber or flexible plastics with reinforcements embedded in the wall
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/06Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end
    • F16L47/065Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics with sleeve or socket formed by or in the pipe end with sealing rings arranged between outer surface of pipe and inner surface of sleeve or socket, the sealing rings being placed previously on the male part
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L9/00Rigid pipes
    • F16L9/16Rigid pipes wound from sheets or strips, with or without reinforcement
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/08Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of continuous length, e.g. cords, rovings, mats, fabrics, strands or yarns
    • B29K2105/10Cords, strands or rovings, e.g. oriented cords, strands or rovings
    • B29K2105/101Oriented
    • B29K2105/108Oriented arranged in parallel planes and crossing at substantial angles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/16Fillers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2007/00Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
    • B29L2007/007Narrow strips, e.g. ribbons, tapes, bands
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2023/00Tubular articles
    • B29L2023/22Tubes or pipes, i.e. rigid

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Steering Devices For Bicycles And Motorcycles (AREA)

Abstract

Prodn. of continuous strip with the greatest strength in a transverse direction by (a) placing continuous, lengthwise extended threads on both sides of a flat belt without end, the threads being parallel with the edges of the belt, (b) winding threads around the strip in such a manner that the threads do not cover each other, (c) bonding the cross threads to the lengthwise threads, (d) cutting through the cross threads parallel with the edge of the strip, and (e) removing the formed strip from the belt. - The tensile strength of the cross threads is pref. at least twice that of the lengthwise threads. The bonding agent can consist of lengthwise threads, which bond to the cross threads. The cross threads pref. consist of glass fibres. The strips are pref. used in the prodn. of reinforced plastic tube, by winding a cover consisting of a plastic containing annular thread windings of high strength threads upon a core, then placing the strips in partly overlapping relation within the winding, and curing the plastic. - The strips give excellent reinforcement to the walls of the plastic tubes, the additional strength being provided in a desired direction.

Description

  

  Procédé pour former une conduite en matière     plastique    renforcée    La présente invention a pour objet un     procédé    pour  former une conduite en matière plastique     renforcée    ayant  un raccord mâle et un     raccord    femelle et destinée à résis  ter à la fois à des pressions internes et externes.  



  Les conduites en matière plastique renforcée sont       communément    réalisées en engendrant un cylindre à par  tir d'une matière filamenteuse appropriée, en enroulant  de façon continue des     filaments    sur un mandrin amovi  ble ;les filaments sont imprégnés d'une matière résineuse  capable de cuisson, soit avant soit pendant leur applica  tion sur le mandrin, et la structure est ensuite cuite et le  mandrin enlevé. En choisissant de façon appropriée la  matière filamenteuse et le liant dont les types sont : fila  ments de verre et résine époxy ou polyester, on peut  fabriquer des structures solides résistant à la corrosion.  



  Grâce à la     résistance    élevée des filaments en fibre de  verre, une telle     structure    peut supporter des pressions  internes substantielles. Cependant, dans la plupart des  applications pour des conduites de grand diamètre telles  que les conduites souterraines, l'épaisseur de la paroi est  imposée par la pression externe et les     efforts    non unifor  mes   D   (voir     ASTM        C-76-63-T)    produits par la charge  du sol plutôt que par la pression interne, demandant  donc des structures dont les parois sont substantielle  ment plus épaisses que ce qui serait nécessaire pour sup  porter les pressions internes normalement rencontrées.

    Comme le coût des matières premières nécessaires pour  une conduite en plastique renforcé pouvant     supporter     une pression externe donnée est substantiellement supé  rieur au coût des matières concurrentes telles que le  béton armé ou l'acier, ces dernières matières sont géné  ralement utilisées pour les conduites de grand diamètre  bien que les conduites en plastique renforcé aient géné  ralement des propriétés physiques et chimiques supé  rieures.  



  Pour surmonter cette difficulté, on a proposé de réa  liser la conduite en plastique renforcé de grand diamè-         tre    sous la forme de structures   en sandwich  . Une telle  structure consiste en une fine couche de plastique ren  forcé par des fibres de verre pouvant supporter la pres  sion interne, entourée par une masse épaisse d'une ma  tière d'armature, par exemple du béton armé, capable de  supporter la compression et les charges   D  , sur  laquelle est enroulée une fine couche de plastique ren  forcé.

   Cependant, lorsque ces structures sont soumises à  des charges externes, la résistance à la déformation de  la section circulaire se fait par des efforts de cisaille  ment aux interfaces entre la matière d'armature et le  plastique renforcé, et la rupture de la     structure    se pro  duit aux liaisons entre ces matières.  



  L'invention a pour but de permettre de fabriquer des  conduites peu coûteuses en matière plastique renforcée,  capables de supporter, sans     rupture,    des pressions exter  nes et des charges   D   substantielles.  



  Le procédé faisant l'objet de l'invention est caracté  risé en ce que, sur un mandrin présentant une surface  extérieure profilée pour former la surface intérieure  d'une conduite et la surface intérieure d'un     raccord     femelle d'un plus grand diamètre intérieur, on applique  une couche uniforme de matière plastique comportant de  la matière de renforcement, en ce qu'on applique une  matière plastique non durcie sur ladite couche pour for  mer le     raccord    mâle distant du     raccord    femelle et en ce  qu'on cuit ladite couche et ladite matière plastique non  durcie simultanément ou l'une après l'autre.  



  L'invention a également pour objet une conduite en  matière plastique renforcée obtenue par ce procédé et  qui est     caractérisée    par une paroi annulaire définissant  une     ouverture    axiale centrale, la paroi étant formée de  couches de filaments et de particules     maintenues    cohé  rentes par une résine cuite, un raccord femelle à une  extrémité de la conduite et formé à partir de la paroi, et  un raccord mâle à l'autre extrémité de la conduite, le           raccord    mâle comprenant une masse     polymérique    cuite  superposée sur la paroi.  



       Le    dessin annexé représente, à titre d'exemple, une  forme de mise en     oeuvre    du procédé, objet de l'invention.  La     fig.    1 est une représentation     schématique    de la  fabrication d'une conduite.  



  La fi.. 2 est une coupe, à échelle agrandie, dans la  paroi d'une conduite.  



  La fi-. 3 est une coupe à travers un     mandrin    illus  trant la formation des raccords mâles et femelles de la  conduite.  



  La     fig.    4 est une coupe à échelle agrandie montrant  la formation du raccord mâle.  



  La     fig.    5 est une coupe d'un assemblage d'un man  drin et d'un moule, et  la     fig.    6 est une coupe d'un autre arrangement, d'un  mandrin et d'un moule.  



  La     fig.    1 est une représentation schématique d'un  appareil pour fabriquer une conduite. Comme l'appareil  ne fait pas partie de cette invention, il n'y a que les élé  ments nécessaires pour la compréhension de l'invention  qui sont représentés une description complète d'une ma  chine appropriée apparaissant dans le brevet américain       N^    3228616.  



  Un mandrin 1, adapté pour tourner dans le sens de  la flèche, est recouvert en continu par une bande 2 de  filaments 3 enduits de résine par un passage dans un pot  à résine 4 et à travers des rouleaux     exprimeurs    5. Les  filaments sont enroulés en continu autour du mandrin  et sur sa longueur, en produisant un déplacement     longi-          tudinal_    relatif entre le mandrin et la bande pendant que  le mandrin tourne. La pente ou angle d'enroulement  peut être commandé. comme c'est connu dans la techni  que, en choisissant de façon appropriée la vitesse de  rotation du mandrin et la vitesse du déplacement longi  tudinal.

   La bande 2 de filaments est de préférence appli  quée avec un angle d'enroulement très élevé de sorte que  les filaments continus disposés en anneaux réalisent un  enroulement essentiellement périphérique.  



  Un assemblage à trémies 6 est maintenu au-dessus  du mandrin 1, là où la bande 2 entre en contact avec  lui. L'assemblage 6 à trémies comprend de     préférence     deux décharges 7 et 8, chacune de celles-ci ayant des ali  mentations 9 et 10 séparées. La décharge 7 est située à  l'avant de la décharge 8, la distance entre elles étant exa  gérée à la     fig.    1 en vue de la clarté, et se situe de préfé  rence à la verticale du point de contact de la bande de  filaments 2 et du mandrin, de     sorte    que les particules ali  mentées par la décharge 7 soient sur la bande 2 juste  avant qu'elle n'arrive sur le mandrin, et au fur et à  mesure que le mandrin tourne, des particules de la dé  charge 8 seront appliquées sur les particules venant de  la décharge 7.

   Il y a suffisamment de résine dans la  bande 2 pour y faire adhérer les particules qui y sont  appliquées. Les particules se trouvant dans     l'ementa-          tion    9 ont un calibre supérieur à celui des particules se  trouvant dans l'alimentation 10, de sorte que les parti  cules de calibre supérieur sont appliquées d'abord, les  particules de calibre inférieur étant appliquées sur les  premières ainsi que dans les espaces laissés entre elles.  



  Ce procédé est continué pendant un nombre de pas  ses suffisant pour produire l'épaisseur de paroi désirée et,  ensuite, la résine est cuite et le mandrin enlevé. Par cette  technique, on obtient une uniformité plus grande de  l'épaisseur des couches de sable ainsi     que    des charges en  solides plus élevées que lorsqu'on utilise des particules    de dimensions aléatoires ou d'un seul calibre. Lorsqu'on  utilise des particules de dimensions aléatoires, l'épaisseur  de la couche de sable est irrégulière. Lorsqu'on utilise  des particules d'un seul calibre, l'épaisseur peut être com  mandée mais la charge en solides est relativement faible.

    Par la présente technique, les particules de calibre supé  rieur sont appliquées d'abord sur la bande, établissant  une couche d'épaisseur uniforme, et les particules de cali  bre inférieur sont alors appliquées et passent entre les  premières pour augmenter la charge en solides sans aug  menter l'épaisseur des couches de particules.  



  Les calibres des particules peuvent être choisis entre  des limites extrêmement larges, les dimensions suivantes  étant des exemples plutôt que des limitations. On a  trouvé que de grandes particules dont les dimensions se  situent entre 2,38 et 1,19 mm et de petites particules  dont les dimensions vont de 0,149 mm à 0,005 mm pro  duisent des conduites ayant les caractéristiques     désirées.     



  La     fig.    2 est une coupe dans la paroi d'une conduite  fabriquée selon l'invention. Il faudrait remarquer que les  épaisseurs des couches de sable et des couches de fila  ments ne sont pas à l'échelle et que les épaisseurs sont  choisies à l'intérieur des limites établies plus haut. La  couche intérieure 20 est du tissu de voile 26     contenant     un enduit de gel, qui a initialement été appliqué autour  du mandrin enduit de résine. Des particules telles que  du sable de 0,149 mm peuvent être incorporées à l'en  duit de gel 20 pour     augmenter    la     résistance    à l'érosion  de la conduite terminée.  



  Pour fournir un renforcement longitudinal, des cou  ches 21 de filaments longitudinaux ont été appliquées sur  le tissu de voile, à proximité de la surface extérieure de  la conduite, pour augmenter la résistance à la flexion.  Le renforcement longitudinal devrait se situer unique  ment à proximité de la surface intérieure et de la     surface     extérieure de la paroi, là où se concentre l'effort de  flexion, et il est enroulé sur le mandrin sous la forme  d'une bande à recouvrement partiel.  



  Des couches de filaments 22 à     résistance    élevée dis  posées     annulairement,    séparées par des     couches    de par  ticules 23     composées    de préférence de grandes     particules     24 et de particules plus petites 25 forment la structure  de la paroi, entre les couches 21, et, des couches de fila  ments et de particules peuvent également être appliquées  sur la     couche    de filaments extérieure 21 pour maintenir  l'orientation de     cette    couche. La structure globale est  maintenue cohérente par la résine cuite.

      <I>Exemple 1</I>  Une conduite dont le diamètre intérieur fait 61 cm et  le diamètre extérieur 62,9 cm a été fabriquée en utilisant  des     filaments    de fibres de verre et du sable dont les  dimensions moyennes étaient 1,19 mm et 0,149 mm. Les       couches    en     fibres    de verre avaient environ 0,0127 cm  d'épaisseur et les     couches    de particules avaient environ  0,127 cm d'épaisseur. La conduite terminée se     composait     d'environ 35 % de résine, 15 % de verre et 50 % de sable,  environ 10 % en poids du sable étant sous la forme de  fines     particules.     



  La formation des raccords mâles et femelles est illus  trée aux     fig.    3 et 4. Le mandrin 30 possède, à une de  ses extrémités, une surface extérieure profilée pour for  mer l'intérieur du     raccord    femelle comprenant une par  tie d'entrée 32, une     surface    d'étanchéité 33 et une butée  34. L'extrémité opposée du mandrin 30 peut être équipée  d'un flan vertical 35 pour donner une extrémité lisse à la  conduite 36. Un     flan    semblable peut être utilisé à l'extré-      mité femelle si on le désire.

   La partie mâle 37, contenant  une rainure 38 pour bague en O d'étanchéité, comprend  un corps en plastique pouvant recevoir une charge telle  que par exemple des mèches de fragments de verre ou du  sable liés à la paroi de la conduite 36 qui a de préférence  été épaissie dans cette zone par l'enroulement de couches  de filaments et de couches de particules     supplémentaires.     Avant de cuire la résine de la conduite, un enduit de  même résine est appliqué autour de cette partie de la  conduite 36 et un moule annulaire en deux     pièces,    50, de  configuration appropriée pour former la rainure 38, est  rempli de la résine crue chargée de préférence comme  décrit plus haut et est serré hermétiquement autour de la       conduite    36.

   Toute la conduite est alors cuite, le moule  étant en place. Après cuisson, le moule et le mandrin  sont enlevés. De cette façon, il ne se forme pas d'inter  face entre la résine de la conduite et la résine de l'élé  ment mâle et une opération     inutile    d'usinage est éliminée.  



       Dans    certains cas, il peut être possible de réaliser plu  sieurs conduites sur le même mandrin et ceci peut être  réalisé comme représenté aux     fig.    5 et 6.  



  A la     fig.    5, le mandrin 30 a, à ses deux extrémités,  des     accessoires    40 de forme appropriée pour former  l'intérieur du raccord femelle et un moule 41 formant  deux rainures pour bague en O est appliqué au centre  de la conduite, comme décrit plus haut. Après cuisson,  les parties 40 d'extrémité sont enlevées du mandrin et le  moule 41 est enlevé de la conduite. La conduite 36 est  alors enlevée du mandrin et coupée     transversalement,    le  long de la ligne     a-a,    pour produire deux conduites com  plètes.  



  De façon semblable, de nombreuses conduites peu  vent être réalisées sur un mandrin en utilisant le     systùme     représenté à la     fig.    6. En utilisant les éléments encastrés  42 et le moule 41, quatre conduites peuvent être produi  tes en coupant les structures enlevées du     mandrin    selon  les lignes     a-a.  



  Method for forming a reinforced plastic pipe The present invention relates to a method for forming a reinforced plastic pipe having a male connector and a female connector and intended to withstand both internal and external pressures.



  Reinforced plastic conduits are commonly made by generating a cylinder from a suitable filamentous material, by continuously winding filaments on a removable mandrel; the filaments are impregnated with a resinous material capable of cooking, either before or during their application to the mandrel, and the structure is then fired and the mandrel removed. By appropriately selecting the filamentous material and the binder, the types of which are: glass filaments and epoxy or polyester resin, strong structures resistant to corrosion can be made.



  Due to the high strength of fiberglass filaments, such a structure can withstand substantial internal pressures. However, in most applications for large diameter pipes such as underground pipes, the wall thickness is imposed by the external pressure and the non-uniform forces D (see ASTM C-76-63-T) produced. by soil load rather than internal pressure, therefore requiring structures whose walls are substantially thicker than what would be necessary to withstand the internal pressures normally encountered.

    As the cost of the raw materials required for a reinforced plastic pipe that can withstand a given external pressure is substantially higher than the cost of competing materials such as reinforced concrete or steel, the latter materials are generally used for large pipes. diameter although reinforced plastic pipes generally have superior physical and chemical properties.



  In order to overcome this difficulty, it has been proposed to make the large diameter reinforced plastic pipe in the form of sandwich structures. Such a structure consists of a thin layer of plastic reinforced with glass fibers capable of withstanding internal pressure, surrounded by a thick mass of a reinforcing material, for example reinforced concrete, capable of withstanding compression and the loads D, on which is wound a thin layer of reinforced plastic.

   However, when these structures are subjected to external loads, the resistance to deformation of the circular section is achieved by shear forces at the interfaces between the reinforcing material and the reinforced plastic, and the rupture of the structure is pro due to the links between these materials.



  The object of the invention is to make it possible to manufacture inexpensive pipes in reinforced plastic material, capable of withstanding, without rupture, external pressures and substantial loads D.



  The method forming the subject of the invention is characterized in that, on a mandrel having an outer surface profiled to form the inner surface of a pipe and the inner surface of a female connector with a larger inner diameter , applying a uniform layer of plastic material comprising reinforcing material, applying an uncured plastic material to said layer to form the male connector remote from the female connector and baking said layer and said uncured plastic material simultaneously or one after the other.



  The subject of the invention is also a pipe made of reinforced plastic material obtained by this method and which is characterized by an annular wall defining a central axial opening, the wall being formed of layers of filaments and particles kept coherent by a cured resin, a female connector at one end of the pipe and formed from the wall, and a male connector at the other end of the pipe, the male connector comprising a baked polymer mass superimposed on the wall.



       The appended drawing represents, by way of example, one form of implementation of the method, object of the invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the manufacture of a pipe.



  The fi .. 2 is a section, on an enlarged scale, in the wall of a pipe.



  The fi-. 3 is a section through a mandrel illustrating the formation of the male and female fittings of the pipe.



  Fig. 4 is a section on an enlarged scale showing the formation of the male connector.



  Fig. 5 is a sectional view of an assembly of a man drin and a mold, and FIG. 6 is a section through another arrangement, a mandrel and a mold.



  Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for manufacturing a pipe. As the apparatus does not form part of this invention, there are only those elements necessary for an understanding of the invention which is shown in a full description of a suitable machine appearing in US Patent No. 3228616.



  A mandrel 1, adapted to rotate in the direction of the arrow, is covered continuously by a strip 2 of filaments 3 coated with resin by passing through a resin pot 4 and through squeezing rollers 5. The filaments are wound in continuous around and along the length of the mandrel, producing a relative longitudinal movement between the mandrel and the web as the mandrel rotates. The slope or winding angle can be controlled. as is known in the art, by appropriately choosing the speed of rotation of the mandrel and the speed of longitudinal travel.

   The strip 2 of filaments is preferably applied with a very high winding angle so that the continuous filaments arranged in rings form an essentially peripheral winding.



  A hopper assembly 6 is held above the mandrel 1 where the web 2 contacts it. The hopper assembly 6 preferably comprises two discharges 7 and 8, each of which has separate inlets 9 and 10. The discharge 7 is situated in front of the discharge 8, the distance between them being exa managed in FIG. 1 for clarity, and is preferably located vertically above the point of contact of the filament web 2 and the mandrel, so that the particles fed by the discharge 7 are on the web 2 just before it does not reach the mandrel, and as the mandrel rotates, particles from the discharge 8 will be applied to the particles coming from the discharge 7.

   There is enough resin in strip 2 to adhere the particles applied to it. The particles in item 9 have a larger size than the particles in feed 10, so the larger size particles are applied first, the lower size particles being applied to the feed. the former as well as in the spaces left between them.



  This process is continued for a number of steps sufficient to produce the desired wall thickness, and then the resin is cured and the mandrel removed. This technique achieves greater uniformity of the thickness of the sand layers as well as higher solids loadings than when using particles of random size or of a single size. When using random sized particles, the thickness of the sand layer is irregular. When using single size particles, the thickness can be controlled but the solids load is relatively low.

    By the present technique, the higher caliber particles are applied to the web first, establishing a layer of uniform thickness, and the lower caliber particles are then applied and pass between the first ones to increase the solids load without increase the thickness of the particle layers.



  Particle sizes can be chosen from extremely wide limits, the following sizes being examples rather than limitations. It has been found that large particles ranging in size from 2.38 to 1.19 mm and small particles ranging in size from 0.149 mm to 0.005 mm produce conduits having the desired characteristics.



  Fig. 2 is a section through the wall of a pipe manufactured according to the invention. It should be noted that the thicknesses of the sand layers and the filament layers are not to scale and that the thicknesses are chosen within the limits established above. The inner layer 20 is sail fabric 26 containing a gel coating, which was initially applied around the resin coated mandrel. Particles such as 0.149mm sand can be incorporated into gel pack 20 to increase the erosion resistance of the completed pipe.



  To provide longitudinal reinforcement, layers 21 of longitudinal filaments have been applied to the sail fabric, near the outer surface of the pipe, to increase flexural strength. The longitudinal reinforcement should be located only near the inner surface and the outer surface of the wall, where the bending stress is concentrated, and it is wound on the mandrel as a partially overlapped tape. .



  Annularly arranged high strength filament layers 22 separated by particle layers 23 preferably composed of large particles 24 and smaller particles 25 form the structure of the wall, between the layers 21, and, the layers of Filaments and particles can also be applied to the outer layer of filaments 21 to maintain the orientation of this layer. The overall structure is kept consistent by the cured resin.

      <I> Example 1 </I> A pipe with an inside diameter of 61 cm and an outside diameter of 62.9 cm was fabricated using filaments of glass fibers and sand whose average dimensions were 1.19 mm and 0.149 mm. The fiberglass layers were about 0.0127 cm thick and the particle layers were about 0.127 cm thick. The completed pipe consisted of about 35% resin, 15% glass and 50% sand, with about 10% by weight of the sand being in the form of fine particles.



  The formation of male and female connectors is illustrated in fig. 3 and 4. The mandrel 30 has, at one of its ends, a profiled outer surface for forging the inside of the female connector comprising an inlet part 32, a sealing surface 33 and a stop 34. L ' opposite end of mandrel 30 may be fitted with a vertical blank 35 to provide a smooth end to conduit 36. A similar blank may be used at the female end if desired.

   The male part 37, containing a groove 38 for a sealing O-ring, comprises a plastic body capable of receiving a load such as for example wicks of fragments of glass or sand bonded to the wall of the pipe 36 which has preferably been thickened in this area by winding layers of filaments and additional layers of particles. Before firing the resin of the pipe, a coating of the same resin is applied around this part of the pipe 36 and a two-piece annular mold, 50, of suitable configuration to form the groove 38, is filled with the loaded raw resin. preferably as described above and is tightly tightened around pipe 36.

   The entire pipe is then fired with the mold in place. After baking, the mold and the mandrel are removed. In this way, no interface is formed between the resin of the pipe and the resin of the male element and unnecessary machining operation is eliminated.



       In some cases, it may be possible to make several pipes on the same mandrel and this can be done as shown in Figs. 5 and 6.



  In fig. 5, the mandrel 30 has at its two ends accessories 40 of suitable shape to form the interior of the female fitting and a mold 41 forming two grooves for an O-ring is applied in the center of the pipe, as described above. After firing, the end portions 40 are removed from the mandrel and the mold 41 is removed from the pipeline. Line 36 is then removed from the mandrel and cut transversely, along line a-a, to produce two complete lines.



  Similarly, many pipelines can be made on a mandrel using the system shown in fig. 6. Using the recessed elements 42 and the mold 41, four conduits can be produced by cutting the structures removed from the mandrel along lines a-a.

 

Claims (1)

REVENDICATION I Procédé pour former une conduite en matière plasti que renforcée avant un raccord femelle à une de ses extrémités et un raccord mâle présentant une rainure annulaire pour un moyen d'étanchéité, à l'autre extré mité, caractérisé en ce que, sur un mandrin (30) présen tant une surface extérieure profilée pour former la sur face intérieure d'une conduite (36) et la surface intérieure d'un raccord femelle (32, 33, 34) d'un plus grand diamè tre intérieur, on applique une couche uniforme de ma tière plastique comportant de la matière de renforce ment, en ce qu'on applique une matière plastique non durcie sur ladite couche pour former le raccord mâle (37) CLAIM I Method for forming a pipe in reinforced plastic material before a female connector at one of its ends and a male connector having an annular groove for a sealing means, at the other end, characterized in that, on a mandrel (30) having an outer surface profiled to form the inner surface of a pipe (36) and the inner surface of a female connector (32, 33, 34) with a larger internal diameter, is applied a uniform layer of plastics material comprising reinforcing material, by applying an uncured plastics material to said layer to form the male connector (37) distant du raccord femelle et en ce qu'on cuit ladite cou che et ladite matière plastique non durcie simultané- ment ou l'une après l'autre. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 1. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce qu'on forme le raccord mâle et ladite couche de la même résine et on les cuit simultanément. 2. remote from the female connector and in that said layer and said uncured plastic material are cured simultaneously or one after the other. SUB-CLAIMS 1. Method according to claim I, characterized in that the male connector and said layer are formed from the same resin and they are baked simultaneously. 2. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que le mandrin est profilé pour former deux raccords femelles distants dirigés en sens opposés, le raccord mâle étant formé entre les deux raccords femelles et muni de deux rainures annulaires, le raccord mâle et la couche de matière plastique étant coupés transversalement selon un plan situé entre les deux rainures annulaires après cuis son, d'où il résulte qu'au moins deux conduites peuvent être réalisées sur le même mandrin. 3. Method according to Claim I, characterized in that the mandrel is profiled to form two distant female connectors directed in opposite directions, the male connector being formed between the two female connectors and provided with two annular grooves, the male connector and the layer of material plastic being cut transversely along a plane located between the two annular grooves after cooking, from which it follows that at least two pipes can be produced on the same mandrel. 3. Procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisé en ce que le mandrin est profilé pour former deux raccords femelles avoisinants, dirigés en sens opposés, deux rac cords mâles étant formés chacun d'un côté des deux raccords femelles avoisinants, et la couche de matière plastique étant coupée transversalement entre les deux raccords femelles avoisinants, d'où il résulte qu'au moins deux conduites peuvent être réalisées sur le même man drin. Process according to Claim I, characterized in that the mandrel is profiled to form two neighboring female connectors, directed in opposite directions, two male connectors each being formed on one side of the two neighboring female connectors, and the plastic layer being cut transversely between the two neighboring female fittings, from which it follows that at least two pipes can be made on the same man drin. REVENDICATION II Conduite en matière plastique renforcée, obtenue par le procédé selon la revendication I, caractérisée par une paroi annulaire définissant une ouverture axiale centrale, la paroi étant formée de couches de filaments et de par ticules maintenues cohérentes par une résine cuite, un raccord femelle à une extrémité de la conduite et formé à partir de la paroi et un raccord mâle à l'autre extré mité de la conduite, CLAIM II Pipe made of reinforced plastic material, obtained by the method according to claim I, characterized by an annular wall defining a central axial opening, the wall being formed of layers of filaments and by ticles kept coherent by a baked resin, a female connector at one end of the pipe and formed from the wall and a male connector at the other end of the pipe, le raccord mâle comprenant une masse polymérique cuite superposée sur la paroi. SOUS-REVENDICATIONS 4. Conduite selon la revendication II, caractérisée en ce que sa paroi comprend, de plus, un renforcement lon gitudinal (21) situé uniquement à proximité de la surface intérieure et de la surface extérieure de la paroi. 5. Conduite selon la revendication II et la sous-reven- dication 4, caractérisée en ce que le rapport entre l'épais seur de la couche de particules et l'épaisseur de la cou che de filaments se situe entre 2 et 50. the male connector comprising a fired polymeric mass superimposed on the wall. SUB-CLAIMS 4. Pipe according to claim II, characterized in that its wall further comprises a longitudinal reinforcement (21) located only near the inner surface and the outer surface of the wall. 5. Pipe according to claim II and sub-claim 4, characterized in that the ratio between the thickness of the layer of particles and the thickness of the layer of filaments is between 2 and 50.
CH795568A 1967-05-01 1968-05-28 Strip material and wound tube prodn CH504293A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK230267A DK130953C (en) 1966-05-02 1967-05-01 PLASTROR IF ROAD CONTAINS FIBER MATERIAL AND GRAIN MATERIAL IN MATRIX OF HARDENED POLYMER MATERIAL AND METHOD OF ITS MANUFACTURE
US68540267A 1967-11-24 1967-11-24
DK248768AA DK139932B (en) 1967-05-01 1968-05-28 Process for the manufacture of plastic pipes, the wall of which contains fibrous material and granular material in the matrix of hardened polymeric material, and which has socket and pin joints.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH504293A true CH504293A (en) 1971-03-15

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CH795568A CH504293A (en) 1967-05-01 1968-05-28 Strip material and wound tube prodn

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BE (1) BE715811A (en)
CH (1) CH504293A (en)
DK (1) DK139932B (en)
ES (1) ES354464A1 (en)
FR (1) FR1569494A (en)
IL (1) IL29918A (en)
NO (1) NO138836C (en)
SE (1) SE374885B (en)
SU (1) SU362531A3 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2835584A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-08 Allibert Equipement Hollow cylindrical pipe or reservoir made from spiral wound reinforced thermoplastic strip with edges welded together

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2721508A1 (en) * 1976-06-14 1977-12-29 Brunswick Corp COMPRESSED, FIBER REINFORCED PLASTIC OBJECT WITH EXACT ALIGNMENT OF THE REINFORCEMENTS AND THE PROCESS FOR ITS MANUFACTURING
FR2737888A1 (en) * 1995-08-18 1997-02-21 Windings Plastrex Filament winding of hollow composite material parts

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2835584A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2003-08-08 Allibert Equipement Hollow cylindrical pipe or reservoir made from spiral wound reinforced thermoplastic strip with edges welded together

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR1569494A (en) 1969-05-30
IL29918A0 (en) 1968-06-20
SE374885B (en) 1975-03-24
ES354464A1 (en) 1969-11-01
IL29918A (en) 1972-03-28
BE715811A (en) 1968-10-16
SU362531A3 (en) 1972-12-13
DK139932B (en) 1979-05-21
NO138836C (en) 1978-11-22
NO138836B (en) 1978-08-14

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