CH444470A - Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the process - Google Patents
Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the processInfo
- Publication number
- CH444470A CH444470A CH1302865A CH1302865A CH444470A CH 444470 A CH444470 A CH 444470A CH 1302865 A CH1302865 A CH 1302865A CH 1302865 A CH1302865 A CH 1302865A CH 444470 A CH444470 A CH 444470A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- screws
- extruder
- extruded
- constant
- screw
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/252—Drive or actuation means; Transmission means; Screw supporting means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/484—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws with two shafts provided with screws, e.g. one screw being shorter than the other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
- B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
- B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
- B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
- B29B7/48—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
- B29B7/488—Parts, e.g. casings, sealings; Accessories, e.g. flow controlling or throttling devices
- B29B7/489—Screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
- B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
- B29C48/402—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders the screws having intermeshing parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
- B29C48/50—Details of extruders
- B29C48/505—Screws
- B29C48/52—Screws with an outer diameter varying along the longitudinal axis, e.g. for obtaining different thread clearance
- B29C48/525—Conical screws
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Extrudieren und Extruder zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Extrudieren von Kunststoffen sowie einen Extruder mit mindestens zwei nach der Ausstossseite hlin konisch zusammenlaufenden Schnecken.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass man dem zu extrudierenden Material im Extruder pro Zeiteinheit und Mengeneinheit eine vom Materialeinlauf zum Ausstoss im Extruder hin abnehmende Wärmemenge zuführt oder entzieht.
Der Extruder zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sowohl das Gehäuse als auch die Schnecken heiz- und kühlbar sind.
Die Erfindung wird anschliessend beispielsweise anhand einer Figur erläutert, welche in schematischer Darstellung den Gehäuseunterteil eines Extruders mit eingelegten konischen Schnecken und Antriebsteilen zeigt.
In einem Gehäuse 1 eines Extruders sind zur Lagerung zweier Schnecken-Antriebswellen je drei Querlager 3, 5, 6 bzw. 9, 11 und 12 angeordnet sowie je ein Axialpendelrollenlager 7 bzw. 13. Eine Antriebswelle 15 trägt ein Kegeiritzel 17 während eine dlaneben- liegende Antriebswelle 19 mit einem mit dem Ritzel 17 kämmenden Kegelritzel 21 versehen ist. Die Antriebswelle 19 wird über einen Keilriementrieb 25 und eine Riemenscheibe 23 von einem Antriebsmotor 27 angetrieben. Die Antriebswellen 15 und 19 und die Kegelnaben 37 und 39 der beiden Förderschnecken 33 und 35 sind über Kupplungen 29 und 31 mibeinander verbunden.
Auf den Kegelnaben 37 und 39 sind Schnekken 41 und 43 angeordnet, welche im dargestellten Beispiel konstante Steigung aufweisen. Die Förderschnecken 33 und 35 stecken in einer konischen Ge häuseansuehmung 45, welche derart bemessen ist, dass sie mit den Schnecken 33 und 35 pro Ganghöhe am Schneckenanfang Kompartimente 47 und am Schnekkenende Kompartimente 49 festlegen, welche vorzugsweise gleich gross sind. Es sind mit andern Worten die konische Gehäuseausnehmung 45 und die Förderschnek- ken 33 und 35 so aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die Grösse der Kompartimente 47 und 49 gleich ist und deren Grösse auch sich längs der Förderschnecke 33 sbzw. 35 nicht ändert.
In diesem Falle wird das zu extrudierende Material mit praktisch konstanter Geschwindigkeit längs den Schnecken 33 und 35 gefördert. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, diese Kompartimente verschieden gross zu gestalten und damit z. B. am Anfang des Extrudierens, d. h. am dicken Ende der Förderschnecken 33 und 35 eine verlangsamte Bewegung des Materials zu erreichen.
Im Gehäuse 1, und zwar sowohl im Ober- wie im Unterteil, befinden sich Kühigänge 51 und 53, wobei zur Unterteilung in eine Einzugszone, Knetzone, Pla stifizierungs- und Ausstosszone vorteilhafterweise eine Unterteilung in vier Heiz- oder Kühlzonen möglich ist.
Diese Kühl- oder Heizgänge 51 und 53 im Gehäuse werden über Anschlussnippel 55 und 57 mit entsprechenden Heiz-oder Kühlmedien beaufschlagt.
Auch die Förderschnecken 33 und 35 sind mit analogen Kühl- und Heizgängen 59 und 61 versehen, wobei das Kühl- oder Heizmittel über Anschlussnippel 63 und 65 den Schnecken 33 und 35 zugeführt wird.
Aufgrund der grössern Durchmesser der Kegelkörper 37 und 39 an den dickeres Ende sind, bei gleicher Steigung der Schnecken 41 und 43 über die ganze Länge der Förderschnecken 33 und 35, die Berührungsflä- chen der Kompartimente 47 der Kegelkörper 37 und 39 grösser als der Kompartimente 49;
denn bei gleicher axialer Breite b ist infolge des grösseren Radius R1 der Umfang 2R1 7r am dickeren Ende der Kegelkörper 37 und 39 grösser als am Ausstossende mit dem Radius Rx und dem Umfang 2Rx 7G. Es sind mit anderen Wor ten die Wärmeübergangsflächen 2 z R1 b pro Gang- höhe in der Einzugszone des Materials grösser (bei gleicher behandelter Produktmenge als in der Ausstoss zone, wo sie 2 2aRx-b Rx b beträgt. Es erfolgt daher am Anfang die grösste Wärmeabgabe an den zu verarbeitenden Rohstoff, was sehr wichtig und nützlich ist.
Dadurch, dass die konischen Schnecken 33 und 35 gegen die Ausstosszone hin sich zusehends verklei nernde Wärmeübergangsflächen aufweisen, kann zus am- men mit der spezifischen Heizzonenbelastung das zu extrudierende Material nicht nur entsprechend seinen Materialeigenschaften, sondern auch bezüglich grössern Ausstossgeschwindigkeiten entsprechend behandelt werden. Auf diese Weise ist eine optimale Plastifizierung des zu verarbeitenden Stoffes möglich. Es können damit grosse Ausstossgeschwindigkeitentbei geringer Extruderlänge erreicht werden.
Zudem wird durch die konische Anordnung ein weiterer Vorteil dadurch geschaffen, dass der Antrieb infolge der grössern Achsdistanzen d als bei parallelen Schnecken widerstandfähiger ausgeführt werden kann, so dass die bekannten Zahnbrüche, welche bei parallelen Doppelschnecken sehr gefürchtet sind, bei dieser Konstruktion vermieden werden. Es ist damit auch möglich, alle Raidal- und Axiallager im Schneckenantrieb mit schweren Pendelrollenlagern, die im Ölbad laufen, auszulegen und' auf diese Weise grundsätzlich die gleiche Bauart, die sich bei Einschneckenextrudern bewährt hat, für Doppelschneckenextruder oder Mehrfachschneckenextruder zu verwenden.
Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the process
The present invention relates to a method for extruding plastics and an extruder with at least two screws that conically converge on the discharge side.
The process according to the invention is characterized in that the material to be extruded in the extruder is supplied with or withdrawn from the material to be extruded in the extruder per unit of time and unit of quantity from the material inlet to the outlet in the extruder.
The extruder for carrying out this process is characterized in that both the housing and the screws can be heated and cooled.
The invention will then be explained, for example, with reference to a figure which shows, in a schematic representation, the lower housing part of an extruder with inserted conical screws and drive parts.
In a housing 1 of an extruder, three transverse bearings 3, 5, 6 or 9, 11 and 12 are arranged to support two screw drive shafts, as well as an axial spherical roller bearing 7 and 13, respectively. A drive shaft 15 carries a bevel pinion 17 while an adjacent one Drive shaft 19 is provided with a bevel pinion 21 meshing with pinion 17. The drive shaft 19 is driven by a drive motor 27 via a V-belt drive 25 and a belt pulley 23. The drive shafts 15 and 19 and the cone hubs 37 and 39 of the two screw conveyors 33 and 35 are connected to one another via couplings 29 and 31.
On the conical hubs 37 and 39 worms 41 and 43 are arranged, which in the example shown have a constant pitch. The screw conveyors 33 and 35 are in a conical Ge häuseansuehmung 45, which is dimensioned such that they define with the screws 33 and 35 per pitch at the beginning of the screw compartments 47 and at the end of the screw compartments 49, which are preferably the same size. In other words, the conical housing recess 45 and the screw conveyors 33 and 35 are matched to one another in such a way that the size of the compartments 47 and 49 is the same and their size also extends along the screw conveyor 33 and 33, respectively. 35 does not change.
In this case, the material to be extruded is conveyed along the screws 33 and 35 at a practically constant speed. However, it is also possible to make these compartments of different sizes and thus z. B. at the beginning of the extrusion, i.e. H. to achieve a slowed movement of the material at the thick end of the screw conveyors 33 and 35.
In the housing 1, both in the upper and in the lower part, there are cooling aisles 51 and 53, whereby a subdivision into four heating or cooling zones is advantageously possible for the purpose of subdividing into a feed zone, kneading zone, pla stiffening and discharge zone.
These cooling or heating passages 51 and 53 in the housing are acted upon by appropriate heating or cooling media via connection nipples 55 and 57.
The screw conveyors 33 and 35 are also provided with analog cooling and heating passages 59 and 61, the cooling or heating medium being fed to the screws 33 and 35 via connection nipples 63 and 65.
Due to the larger diameter of the cone bodies 37 and 39 at the thicker end, with the same pitch of the screws 41 and 43 over the entire length of the conveyor screws 33 and 35, the contact surfaces of the compartments 47 of the cone bodies 37 and 39 are larger than the compartments 49 ;
because with the same axial width b, due to the larger radius R1, the circumference 2R1 7r at the thicker end of the cone bodies 37 and 39 is larger than at the discharge end with the radius Rx and the circumference 2Rx 7G. In other words, the heat transfer areas 2 z R1 b per aisle in the feed zone of the material are larger (with the same amount of product treated as in the discharge zone, where it is 2 2aRx-b Rx b. The largest is therefore at the beginning Heat transfer to the raw material to be processed, which is very important and useful.
Because the conical screws 33 and 35 have increasingly smaller heat transfer surfaces towards the discharge zone, the material to be extruded can, together with the specific heating zone load, be treated not only according to its material properties but also with regard to higher discharge speeds. In this way, optimal plasticization of the material to be processed is possible. High output speeds can thus be achieved with a short extruder length.
In addition, the conical arrangement creates a further advantage in that the drive can be made more resistant due to the larger axis distances d than with parallel screws, so that the known tooth breaks, which are very much feared with parallel twin screws, are avoided with this design. It is thus also possible to design all radial and axial bearings in the screw drive with heavy spherical roller bearings that run in an oil bath and in this way basically use the same design that has proven itself in single-screw extruders for twin-screw extruders or multiple-screw extruders.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1302865A CH444470A (en) | 1965-09-21 | 1965-09-21 | Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH1302865A CH444470A (en) | 1965-09-21 | 1965-09-21 | Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH444470A true CH444470A (en) | 1967-09-30 |
Family
ID=4388653
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH1302865A CH444470A (en) | 1965-09-21 | 1965-09-21 | Process for extruding and extruders for carrying out the process |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CH (1) | CH444470A (en) |
Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2748918A1 (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1979-05-03 | Heinz Dipl Ing Weber | Compact drive for extruder with conical twin screws - has worm-gear normal to axial plane of screws, to allow operating at low rotational speed |
DE3420918A1 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-05 | Johannes Dr. 8640 Kronach Weber | Twin-screw extruder |
US5232280A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-08-03 | Masao Moriyama | Twin conical screw extruder provided with pressurizing members |
US5415473A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-05-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Cone type twin screw extruder having gear reduction system |
EP0744269A2 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-11-27 | American Maplan Corp. | Double-screw extruder |
US5836681A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-11-17 | Pomini S.P.A. | Machine with two converging threaded rotors for the extrusion of plastomers elastomers and the like |
US6234661B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-05-22 | A. Friedr. Flender Ag | Transmission for a double screw extruder with two tapering helical shafts |
EP2179834A2 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Power transmission structure and two-shaft mixer/extruder |
-
1965
- 1965-09-21 CH CH1302865A patent/CH444470A/en unknown
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2748918A1 (en) * | 1977-11-02 | 1979-05-03 | Heinz Dipl Ing Weber | Compact drive for extruder with conical twin screws - has worm-gear normal to axial plane of screws, to allow operating at low rotational speed |
DE3420918A1 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1985-12-05 | Johannes Dr. 8640 Kronach Weber | Twin-screw extruder |
DE3420918C2 (en) * | 1984-06-05 | 1987-04-02 | Johannes Dr. 8640 Kronach Weber | Twin screw extruder |
US5232280A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1993-08-03 | Masao Moriyama | Twin conical screw extruder provided with pressurizing members |
US5415473A (en) * | 1992-11-16 | 1995-05-16 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho | Cone type twin screw extruder having gear reduction system |
EP0744269A2 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1996-11-27 | American Maplan Corp. | Double-screw extruder |
EP0744269A3 (en) * | 1995-05-24 | 1997-09-10 | American Maplan Corp | Double-screw extruder |
US5836681A (en) * | 1995-11-21 | 1998-11-17 | Pomini S.P.A. | Machine with two converging threaded rotors for the extrusion of plastomers elastomers and the like |
US6234661B1 (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2001-05-22 | A. Friedr. Flender Ag | Transmission for a double screw extruder with two tapering helical shafts |
EP2179834A2 (en) | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-28 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Power transmission structure and two-shaft mixer/extruder |
EP2179834A3 (en) * | 2008-10-21 | 2013-04-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Kobe Seiko Sho (Kobe Steel, Ltd.) | Power transmission structure and two-shaft mixer/extruder |
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