CH394489A - Process for preparing a micropowder with drug action - Google Patents
Process for preparing a micropowder with drug actionInfo
- Publication number
- CH394489A CH394489A CH830861A CH830861A CH394489A CH 394489 A CH394489 A CH 394489A CH 830861 A CH830861 A CH 830861A CH 830861 A CH830861 A CH 830861A CH 394489 A CH394489 A CH 394489A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- calcium oxide
- microns
- micropowder
- mixed
- water
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940088679 drug related substance Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012907 medicinal substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011837 pasties Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000036528 appetite Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000019789 appetite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020075 ouzo Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001225 therapeutic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010010356 Congenital anomaly Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052428 Wound Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000003026 cod liver oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012716 cod liver oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000037 inhalation toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006996 mental state Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003921 particle size analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002980 postoperative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium benzoate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXMKPNITSTVMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000010234 sodium benzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004299 sodium benzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/0012—Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
- A61K9/007—Pulmonary tract; Aromatherapy
- A61K9/0073—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy
- A61K9/0078—Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy for inhalation via a nebulizer such as a jet nebulizer, ultrasonic nebulizer, e.g. in the form of aqueous drug solutions or dispersions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L9/00—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air
- A61L9/015—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone
- A61L9/04—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating
- A61L9/046—Disinfection, sterilisation or deodorisation of air using gaseous or vaporous substances, e.g. ozone using substances evaporated in the air without heating with the help of a non-organic compound
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
Procédé de préparation d'une micropoudre à action médicamenteuse
La présente invention a pour objet un procédé de préparation d'une micropoudre à action mEdica- menteuse, formée au moins en majeure partie de par- ticules de grosseur mforieure à 3 microns, caractérisé en ce que l'on mélange une substance médicamenteuse à l'état liquide ou pâteux à de la poudre d'oxyde de calcium, et en ce que l'on mélange, de l'eau à la masse en quantité suffisante pour hydrater au moins la majeure-partie de l'oxyde de calcium.
Pendant l'hydratation, il est préférable de malaxer constamment la masse pour la rendre homogène et pour maintenir sa température d'hydratation au-dessous de 700 C ou même 600 C afin de préserver la substance médicamenteuse puis de'laisser refroidir à température ambiante la poudre formée par désagrégation de la masse et exposer encore cette poudre à l'humidité de l'air jusqu'à ce qu'elle'soit complètement hydratée.
La micropoudre résultant de ce procédé est en majeure partie formée de particules inférieures à 3 microns, donc de dimensions inférieures à celles obtenues jusqu'ici.
Elle se prête surtout à l'administration médicale par voie respiratoire, soit directement par des appa reils d'inhalation, soit sous forme d'une dispersion dans l'air du milieu, de préférence clos, où les sujets à traiter séjournent.
L'activité élevée de ces micropoudres est due à la grande assimilabilitÚ par voie respiratoire, spécia- lement bronchiale, des médicaments associés à des véhicules ayant des dimensions inférieures à celles jusqu'ici expérimentées, même inférieures à 3 microns, et elle est cliniquement démontrée par les résultats thérapeutiques, dont on donne ci-après quelques indications.
Exemple
On broie de l'oxyde pur de calcium et on le passe par un tamis de 12 000 mai au centimètre carré. On obtient une poudre de CaO, dont les plus grandes particules ont des dimensions allant de 80 à 100 microns.
La poudre de CaO tamisée est divisée en doses de 200 g chacune, plus maniables à l'échelle du labo ratoire, spécialement en ce qui concerne la température d'hydratation, qui ne doit pas dépasser la tempé- rature à laquelle les substancesmédicamenteusess'al- tèrent, par exemple rester au-dessous de 60-700 C.
Chaque dose de poudre est étendue en une mince couche sur le fond d'un récipient plat, tel qu'un pla- teau en verre, faïence, porcelaine, etc. La substance médicamenteuse est mélangée à la pou. dre ainei ben- due. S'il s'agit d'une substance huileuse, L'addition se fait directement. S'il s'agit de substances totalement ou partiellement hydrosolubles, telles que certains composés organiques du phosphore ou benzoate de sodium, il est préférable de mélanger préalablement la substance avec un peu d'eau, et de coder la bouillie ainsi obtenue sur la poudre, en remuant constam- ment.
On ajoute ensuite avec précaution une quantité d'eau correspondant à 45-55 ouzo du poids de CaO, pour hydrater celui-ci. On continue à malaxer le tout jusqu'à ce que le mélange soit parfaitement homogène et que l'hydratation de l'oxyde de calcium pro duise un développement de chaleur et de vapeur. Vers la fin de l'hydratation, la pâte se solidifie lentement et commence à se désagréger.
Ce stade de l'opération est le plus délicat, car il faut avoir soin de remuer, étendre et subdiviser la pâte sans cesse jusqu'à la fin du développement de la vapeur, pour la maintenir au-dessous de 60-700 C.
On obtient ainsi une poudre sèche qu'on étend sur une table à secousses pour la faire refroidir sous agitation. L'opération de refroidissement peut durer de 15 à 20 minutes. La poudre résultante reste encore exposée à l'air pour en achever l'hydratation, pendant 1 à 4 heures, suivant l'humidité de l'air, qui doit pénétrer dans les granules situés au coeur de la masse.
Enfin, la poudre est séparée des granules restants par un nouveau passage à travers le tamis initialement spécifié.
Les particules de la micropoudre obtenue comme ci-dessus décrit ont, pour la plupart, un diamètre inférieur à 3 microns. Si ces particules sont suspendues dans l'air d'un local clos, elles y demeurent en suspension jusqu'à 24 heures.
L'analyse granulomÚtrique de la micropoudre et les temps de SÚdimentation spontanée dans l'air ont été établis par l'Institut d'Hygiène G. Sanarelli de l'Université de Rome, et le laboratoire du Ministère
Italien des Postes et Télécommunications. La sédimentation de la poudre a été déterminée sur 26 verres porte-objet pour microscopie, placés par paires pour chaque essai dans une chambre fermée.
Les pourcentages des particules de diverses grandeurs sont indiqués dans la table suivante en fonction des temps d'exposition de la micropoudre à l'air.
No T mps Particules Particueles Partioules du porte-objet d'exposition < 3 microns 3-5 microns > 5 microns
l 10 minutes 8,9 % 32,1 % 59,00/o
220 46, 6"/. 23,3 ouzo 30,1 O/o
3 30 54, 70/o 25, 1 O/o 20,20/o
4 45 ¯ 59,1% 23,7% 17,2%
5 60 ¯ 65,5% 19,1 %15,4%
6 2 heures 65,8 % 19,3 %14,9 %
7 3 65,40/o 19, 5% 13,1%
8 4 66, 6% 18,2% 15,2%
9 5 69, 8% 16,3% 13,9% 106 73, 5 < '/o14, 2"/o12, 3')/o
11 8 ¯ 71,3% 15,1 /o 13, 6 /0
1212 78, 3%13, 5 O/o 8, 20/o
13 24 79, 9% 12,3% 7,
8%
On a en outre constate que les particules de diamètre inférieur à 3 microns ont en réalité pour la plupart un diamètre inférieur à 1 micron, tandis que, parmi les particules de grosseur supérieure à 5 microns, on a observé des particules relativement grandes (10-15 microns) qui se sont révélées être des agglomérats de particules plus petites.
L'efficacité thérapeutique de micropoudres obtenues par le procédé selon l'invention est démontrée par une série d'essais pratiques d'inhalation. Un essai d'administration par inhalation d'une micropoudre dont la substance médicamenteuse est l'huile de foie de morue a été conduit sur 508 écoliers. Pendant 25 jours, 10 oc de cette micropoudre furent dispersés quotidiennement dans chaque classe et inhales pendant 30 minutes par les élèves sans qu'ils en soient informés. Après cette période, leur poids, contrôlé au commencement et à la fin du traitement, a montré une augmentation moyenne de 875 g, avec un maximum de 3700 g et un minimum de 300 g.
Parallèlement, les observations des instituteurs et des parents ont indiqué une amélioration de l'état psychique chez 72 /o et une augmentation de l'appétit t chez 77 /o des ecoliers.
Des essais pareils, donnant des résultats analo gues, ont été conduits dans plusieurs écoles élémen- taires. Un essai dans un hôpital de Rome (Ospedale del Bambino Gesù), conduit sur 25 enfants souffrant pour la plupart de brûlures graves ou affectes par des malformations congénitales, a permis d'établir, après 3 semaines d'une cure inhalatoire conduite avec une micropoudre suivant la technique décrite cidessus, une augmentation pondérale, une amélioration de l'appétit, ainsi que de l'évolution de leurs plaies et des processus post-opératoires.
Process for preparing a micropowder with drug action
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a micropowder with medicinal action, formed at least for the most part of particles of size smaller than 3 microns, characterized in that a medicinal substance is mixed with it. 'liquid or pasty state with calcium oxide powder, and in that one mixes water to the mass in an amount sufficient to hydrate at least the major part of the calcium oxide.
During hydration, it is preferable to constantly knead the mass to make it homogeneous and to maintain its hydration temperature below 700 C or even 600 C in order to preserve the drug substance and then to allow the mixture to cool to room temperature. powder formed by breaking up the mass and exposing this powder further to the humidity of the air until it is completely hydrated.
The micropowder resulting from this process is for the most part formed of particles smaller than 3 microns, therefore of smaller dimensions than those obtained so far.
It is especially suitable for medical administration by the respiratory route, either directly by inhalation devices, or in the form of a dispersion in the air of the environment, preferably closed, where the subjects to be treated are staying.
The high activity of these micropowders is due to the great assimilability by respiratory route, especially bronchial, of drugs associated with vehicles having dimensions smaller than those hitherto experienced, even less than 3 microns, and it is clinically demonstrated. by the therapeutic results, some indications of which are given below.
Example
Pure calcium oxide is ground and passed through a 12,000 May sieve per square centimeter. A CaO powder is obtained, the largest particles of which have dimensions ranging from 80 to 100 microns.
The sieved CaO powder is divided into doses of 200 g each, more manageable on the laboratory scale, especially with regard to the hydration temperature, which must not exceed the temperature at which the medicinal substances are al. - tent, for example to stay below 60-700 C.
Each dose of powder is spread in a thin layer on the bottom of a flat container, such as a tray made of glass, earthenware, porcelain, etc. The drug substance is mixed with the louse. dre ainei blessed. If it is an oily substance, the addition is done directly. If they are totally or partially water-soluble substances, such as certain organic phosphorus compounds or sodium benzoate, it is preferable to mix the substance beforehand with a little water, and to code the slurry thus obtained on the powder , stirring constantly.
A quantity of water corresponding to 45-55 ouzo of the weight of CaO is then carefully added to hydrate the latter. The whole is continued to be kneaded until the mixture is perfectly homogeneous and the hydration of the calcium oxide produces a development of heat and steam. Towards the end of hydration, the dough slowly solidifies and begins to fall apart.
This stage of the operation is the most delicate, because care must be taken to stir, spread and subdivide the dough constantly until the end of the development of steam, to keep it below 60-700 C.
A dry powder is thus obtained which is spread out on a shaking table in order to cool it with stirring. The cooling operation can take from 15 to 20 minutes. The resulting powder remains exposed to the air to complete its hydration, for 1 to 4 hours, depending on the humidity of the air, which must penetrate into the granules located at the heart of the mass.
Finally, the powder is separated from the remaining granules by passing it again through the initially specified sieve.
The particles of the micropowder obtained as described above have, for the most part, a diameter of less than 3 microns. If these particles are suspended in the air of a closed room, they remain in suspension there for up to 24 hours.
The particle size analysis of the micropowder and the times of spontaneous sedimentation in air were established by the Institute of Hygiene G. Sanarelli of the University of Rome, and the laboratory of the Ministry.
Italian of Posts and Telecommunications. The sedimentation of the powder was determined on 26 microscope slides, placed in pairs for each test in a closed chamber.
The percentages of the particles of various sizes are shown in the following table as a function of the exposure times of the micropowder to air.
No T mps Particulate Particles Particles of the exposure slide <3 microns 3-5 microns> 5 microns
l 10 minutes 8.9% 32.1% 59.00 / o
220 46.6 "/. 23.3 ouzo 30.1 O / o
3 30 54.70 / o 25.1 O / o 20.20 / o
4 45 ¯ 59.1% 23.7% 17.2%
5 60 ¯ 65.5% 19.1% 15.4%
6 2 hours 65.8% 19.3% 14.9%
7 3 65.40 / o 19.5% 13.1%
8 4 66.6% 18.2% 15.2%
9 5 69.8% 16.3% 13.9% 106 73.5 <'/ o14.2 "/ o12, 3') / o
11 8 ¯ 71.3% 15.1 / o 13.6 / 0
1212 78.3% 13.5 O / o 8.20 / o
13 24 79, 9% 12.3% 7,
8%
In addition, it has been found that particles with a diameter of less than 3 microns actually have mostly a diameter of less than 1 micron, while among particles larger than 5 microns, relatively large particles (10- 15 microns) which were found to be agglomerates of smaller particles.
The therapeutic efficacy of micropowders obtained by the process according to the invention is demonstrated by a series of practical inhalation tests. A test of administration by inhalation of a micropowder of which the drug substance is cod liver oil was carried out on 508 school children. For 25 days, 10 oc of this micropowder were dispersed daily in each class and inhaled for 30 minutes by the students without them being informed. After this period, their weight, checked at the beginning and at the end of the treatment, showed an average increase of 875 g, with a maximum of 3700 g and a minimum of 300 g.
At the same time, the observations of teachers and parents indicated an improvement in mental state in 72% and an increase in appetite in 77% of schoolchildren.
Similar tests, giving similar results, have been carried out in several elementary schools. A trial in a hospital in Rome (Ospedale del Bambino Gesù), conducted on 25 children mostly suffering from serious burns or affected by congenital malformations, made it possible to establish, after 3 weeks of an inhalation treatment carried out with a micropowder following the technique described above, an increase in weight, an improvement in appetite, as well as the evolution of their wounds and post-operative processes.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT577861 | 1961-04-01 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CH394489A true CH394489A (en) | 1965-06-30 |
Family
ID=11120445
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH830861A CH394489A (en) | 1961-04-01 | 1961-07-14 | Process for preparing a micropowder with drug action |
CH830761A CH405612A (en) | 1961-04-01 | 1961-07-14 | Composition, comprising an active substance deposited on a solid vehicle, and process for its preparation |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CH830761A CH405612A (en) | 1961-04-01 | 1961-07-14 | Composition, comprising an active substance deposited on a solid vehicle, and process for its preparation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU350866A (en) |
BE (1) | BE678278A (en) |
CH (2) | CH394489A (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2053627C3 (en) * | 1970-10-31 | 1985-01-24 | Rheinisch-Westfälische Kalkwerke AG, 5600 Wuppertal | Process for the production of hydrophobic solid, in particular powdery, hydroxides containing oils, bituminous substances or waxes in finely divided form |
DE2533791C3 (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1981-06-19 | Bölsing, Friedrich, Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Chem., 3067 Lindhorst | Process for the production of solid and / or liquid substances or mixtures of substances in finely divided solid hydroxides |
DE2533789C3 (en) * | 1975-07-29 | 1981-06-25 | Bölsing, Friedrich, Prof. Dr. Dipl.-Chem., 3067 Lindhorst | Process for the even distribution of substances or mixtures of substances in the course of the production of powdery preparation |
USD798434S1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2017-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Earplug |
USD798435S1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2017-09-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Earplug |
USD757925S1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2016-05-31 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Earplug tip |
USD759802S1 (en) | 2014-05-20 | 2016-06-21 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Earplug tip |
-
1961
- 1961-07-14 CH CH830861A patent/CH394489A/en unknown
- 1961-07-14 CH CH830761A patent/CH405612A/en unknown
-
1966
- 1966-03-23 BE BE678278D patent/BE678278A/xx unknown
- 1966-03-28 AU AU3508/66A patent/AU350866A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BE678278A (en) | 1966-09-01 |
AU350866A (en) | 1967-09-28 |
CH405612A (en) | 1966-01-15 |
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