CH373125A - Process for the preparation of stable dispersions of a basic metal-containing compound in an oily medium - Google Patents
Process for the preparation of stable dispersions of a basic metal-containing compound in an oily mediumInfo
- Publication number
- CH373125A CH373125A CH5999558A CH5999558A CH373125A CH 373125 A CH373125 A CH 373125A CH 5999558 A CH5999558 A CH 5999558A CH 5999558 A CH5999558 A CH 5999558A CH 373125 A CH373125 A CH 373125A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- parts
- calcium
- product
- acids
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 20
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 13
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 2
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940043430 calcium compound Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001674 calcium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003819 basic metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 32
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 32
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 24
- -1 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 9
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 8
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical class [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000019809 paraffin wax Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical compound S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000158728 Meliaceae Species 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940045714 alkyl sulfonate alkylating agent Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003582 thiophosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VJWZOCYZDCWKSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nonyl-3,8-dithiatricyclo[5.1.0.02,4]oct-5-en-4-ol Chemical compound C1=CC2SC2C2(CCCCCCCCC)SC21O VJWZOCYZDCWKSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000008052 alkyl sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005608 naphthenic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 2
- GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N triton Chemical compound [3H+] GPRLSGONYQIRFK-MNYXATJNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZNVKBJFZIOOWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dioctylcyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCC1CCCC1(CCCCCCCC)C(O)=O ZNVKBJFZIOOWKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBZUYUQGHANCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecylcyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1(C(O)=O)CCCCC1 GBZUYUQGHANCOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQRHYZLNKZLLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)CC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1O IQRHYZLNKZLLAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQNLLSNNESIVOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorooctadecanoic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)C(O)=O DQNLLSNNESIVOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDIPWBUDOCPIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-decylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O FDIPWBUDOCPIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 2-hydroxyethyl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCO MUHFRORXWCGZGE-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003504 2-oxazolinyl group Chemical class O1C(=NCC1)* 0.000 description 1
- LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4-dien-6-ol Chemical class C1=CC=CC2(O)C1S2 LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLGFWSACOPELSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CP(O)(O)(O)C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound CP(O)(O)(O)C1CCCCC1 CLGFWSACOPELSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl aniline Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXYLDWBATPIVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L P([O-])([O-])=O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Zn+2] Chemical compound P([O-])([O-])=O.C(CCCCCCCCCCC)C1=CC=CC=C1.[Zn+2] PXYLDWBATPIVKP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPMWEFXCIYCJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO WPMWEFXCIYCJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N [(3S)-3-[8-(1-ethyl-5-methylpyrazol-4-yl)-9-methylpurin-6-yl]oxypyrrolidin-1-yl]-(oxan-4-yl)methanone Chemical compound C(C)N1N=CC(=C1C)C=1N(C2=NC=NC(=C2N=1)O[C@@H]1CN(CC1)C(=O)C1CCOCC1)C FHKPLLOSJHHKNU-INIZCTEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N alpha-linolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-PDBXOOCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000020661 alpha-linolenic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UCVMQZHZWWEPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);hydrogen carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O UCVMQZHZWWEPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZDWGXBPVPXVXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) nonanedioate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC ZDWGXBPVPXVXMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGEDQORWHYKCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis[(1-methylcyclohexyl)oxy]-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class C1CCCCC1(C)OP(S)(=S)OC1(C)CCCCC1 UGEDQORWHYKCGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC([O-])=O.OC([O-])=O NKWPZUCBCARRDP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000020 calcium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- YAECNLICDQSIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;sulfanide Chemical compound [SH-].[SH-].[Ca+2] YAECNLICDQSIKA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- HDFRDWFLWVCOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonothioic O,S-acid Chemical compound OC(S)=O HDFRDWFLWVCOGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZHGASCUQXLPSDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanesulfonic acid Chemical class OS(=O)(=O)C1CCCCC1 ZHGASCUQXLPSDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001940 cyclopentanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- DZQISOJKASMITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl-dioxido-oxo-$l^{5}-phosphane;hydron Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCP(O)(O)=O DZQISOJKASMITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006704 dehydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RZAQYVWTBXBLLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N didodecoxy-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(S)(=S)OCCCCCCCCCCCC RZAQYVWTBXBLLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKSHRDPCFLDKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenoxy-sulfanyl-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=S)(S)OC1=CC=CC=C1 CKSHRDPCFLDKPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;2-sulfobutanedioate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OS(=O)(=O)C(C([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JMGZBMRVDHKMKB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecoxy-dihydroxy-sulfanylidene-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=S ISWBBUXCFWZBKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOMNGIMSPPRRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl cyclohexanesulfonate Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1CCCCC1 JOMNGIMSPPRRJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOP(O)(O)=O TVACALAUIQMRDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen Dispersionen einer basischen metallhaltigen Verbindung in einem öligen Medium
Metallhaltige Dispersionen besitzen ein erhöhtes Reinigungsvermögen und eine erhöhte Basizitäts- reserve, weshalb sie als Zusatzmittel zu Schmierölen und dergleichen Verwendung finden. Diese Produkte eignen sich auch für die Herstellung von korrosionsverhütenden Produkten und für ähnliche Zwecke.
Es wird angenommen, dass in Hochleistungs Schmierölsn, wie sie in Diesel-und ähnlichen Verbrennungskraftmaschinen verwendet werden, mindestens zwei Forderungen erfüllt sein müssen, sofern die Maschinen in hohem Masse sauber bleiben sollen.
Neben der Schmiereigenschaft, der Stabilität und dergleichen muss ein derartiges 01 in erster Linie die Eigenschaft aufweisen, die während der Verbrennung des Treibstoffes oder bei der Oxydation des Öls gebildeten unlöslichen Bestandteile zu dispergieren. Die zweite Forderung, welche an derartige Kompositionen gestellt wird, ist jene, dass das O1 in der Lage sein muss, saure Lackvorläufer, welche entweder bei der Oloxydation oder bei der Umsetzung des Ols mit während der Treibstoffverbrennung erzeugten Säuren des Schwefels gebildet werden, zu neutralisieren. Im allgemeinen sind die Reinigungsmittel, welche man in Ölen für derartige Maschinen, die mit stark schwefelhaltigem Treibstoff betrieben werden, verwendet, wie z.
B. die üblichen Metallsulfonate, nur schwach alkalisch, so dass deren Basizität während des Arbeitens der Maschine rasch abnimmt.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von beständigen Disper sionen einer basischen, metallhaltigen Verbindung in einem öligen Medium, wobei dieses Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dal3 man eine Natrium-, Barium-oder Calciumverbindung einem niederen aliphatischen Alkohol zusetzt, durch das Gemisch Kohlendioxyd leitet, den erhaltenen Komplex in einem ein öllösliches Dispergierungsmittel enthaltenden öligen Medium dispergiert und die erhaltene Dispersion erhitzt, wobei der Alkohol entfernt und der genannte Komplex zersetzt wird, oder dass man das Gemisch einer Natrium-, Barium-oder Calciumverbindung mit dem aliphatischen Alkohol in einem ein öllösliches Dispergierungsmittel enthaltenden öligen Medium dispergiert,
dann Kohlendioxyd durchleitet und schliesslich die erhaltene Dispersion erhitzt.
Obzwar man sich nicht an eine besondere Theorie binden soll, soweit es sich um die Struktur der in Frage stehenden Komplexverbindung handelt, wird angenommen, dass die alkoholunlösliche Komplexverbindung, welche beim Durchleiton von Kohlendioxyd durch die Mischung aus Alkohol und anorganischer Verbindung gebildet wird, folgende Strukturformel aufweist :
EMI1.1
worin M = ein Alkali-oder Erdalkalimetall, x = die Valenz von M und R = eine niedrige Alkylgruppe bedeuten.
Zugunsten dieser Theorie spricht folgendes :
EMI1.2
EMI1.3
<tb> <SEP> 0
<tb> <SEP> 11
<tb> CH3-O-C-O-Na <SEP> (unlöslich) <SEP> + <SEP> H20
<tb>
Die Analyse des obigen Produktes bezüglich dessen Gehalt an Kohlendioxyd, Natrium und Sauer stoff ergab die Formel Na-C2H303. E. Szarvasy, Ber. 1897, 30, 1836, hat
EMI2.1
als Reaktionsprodukt von CH30Na + CO2 identifiziert. Durch Infrarotspektralanalyse des gemäss der Methode von E. Szarvasy hergestellten Produktes und des durch Umsetzung von Natriumhydroxyd, Methylalkohol und Kohlendioxyd erhaltenen Produktes konnte man die Identität dieser beiden Produkte feststellen. J. Dumas und E.
Peligot, Ann., 1840, 35, 283, haben berichtet, dass eine Verbindung der Strukturformel
EMI2.2
durch Umsetzung von Bariumoxyd, Methylalkohol -M (0-C-0-R) x + HzO
Bevor ausführlich auf Beispiele der vorliegenden Erfindung eingegangen wird, mag es angezeigt sein, ganz allgemein etwas über die Natur der beim vorliegenden Verfahren erforderlichen Materialien auszusagen.
Na-, Ba-und Ca-Verbindlmgen
Beim Verfahren dieser Erfindung kann man Na-@ trium-, Barium-und Calciumoxyde und-hydroxyde, einschliesslich der Hydrate, verwenden. Andere geeignete anorganische Verbindungen sind die Natrium-, Barium-und Calciumsalze von Säuren, welche eine lonisationskonstante von weniger als 1 X 10-7 aufweisen. Spezifische Säuren dieser Klasse sind Borsäure, Kohlensäure, Phenol und Thiokohlensäure.
Olige Medien als Trägerstoffe
Olige Medien, welche Verwendung finden kön- nen, sind z. B. mineralische Schmieröle, welche nach beliebigen, üblichen Raffinationsmethoden erhalten werden, sowie vegetabilische Öle, wie z. B. Maison, Baumwollsamenöl, Rizinusöl usw., animalische Ole, wie z. B. Specköl, Spermöl usw., und synthetische Öle, wie z. B. Alkylenpolymere. Spezifische Beispiele von synthetischen Ölen sind die Polymerisate von Propylen, ferner Polyoxyalkylene, wie z. B. Polyoxypropylen, und Ester von Polyoxypropylenen. Dicarbonsäureester, wie z. B. Ester der Adipinsäure und Azelainsäure mit Alkoholen, wie z. B. Butylalkohol, 2-Athyl-hexylalkohol oder Dodecylalkohol, ferner Ester von Säuren des Phosphors, wie z.
B. der Diäthylester von Decanphosphonsäure [CH-P (0) (OC, H] und Trikresylphosphat. Gewünschtenfalls können die öligen Trägerstoffe mit einem Lösungsmittel zwecks und Kohlendioxyd gebildet wird. Es ist hier festzustellen, dass die verschiedenen anorganischen Verbindungen in Alkohol verschiedene Löslichkeits- eigenschaften aufweisen. So ist Natriumhydroxyd im allgemeinen in Alkohol nicht löslich, Calciumoxyd ist unlöslich und Bariumoxyd hingegen in Methylalkohol löslich. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die durch Einleiten von Kohlendioxyd in eine Mischung aus Alkohol und anorganischer Verbindung gebildete Komplexverbindung stets ölunlöslich ist.
Auf Grund von Analysenwerten ist anzunehmen, dass das durch Umsetzung dieser drei Komponenten gebildete Produkt die folgende Formel aufweist :
EMI2.3
Beim Erhitzen der gemäss vorliegender Erfindung erhaltenen Komplexverbindung in Gegenwart von Feuchtigkeit geht die Reaktion wie folgt vor sich : M2 CO3+CO2ROH Reduktion der Viskosität verdünnt werden. Geeignete Lösungsmittel sind Petrolnaphtha oder andere Kohlenwasserstoffe, wie z. B. Hexan, Heptan, Octan, Benzol, Toluol oder Xylol.
Dispergiet-ittigsmittel
Man kann verschiedene öllösliche Dispergierungsmittel verwenden. Geeignete Dispergierungsmittel sind sowohl solche anionischer als auch solche nichtionischer Natur.
Typische ionische Dispergierungsmittel sind die Sulfonate, die organischen Phosphorverbindungen, die mit Phosphorsulfid behandelten Olefine und die Metallseifen von Carbonsäuren.
Sulfonate
Geeignete öllösliche Sulfonate sind d z. B. Alkylsulfonate, Alkarylsulfonate, die sogenannten Mahoganiseifen (öllösliche Petrolseifen) und dergleichen.
Manche der aromatischen Sulfonate besitzen Cycloalkylgruppen, das hei¯t Naphthengruppen in den Seitenketten, welche am Benzolring haften. Geeignete Mahoganiseifen sind unter anderem die nichtaromatischen Sulfonate, welche man bei der üblichen Schwefelsäureaffination von Schmieröl-Destillaten erzeugt und bei der industriellen Verwendung von rauchender Schwefelsäure anlässlich der Raffination von Petroleum anfallen. Die industrielle Erzeugung von öllöslichen Mahoganisulfonaten aus Petroleum ist bestens bekannt. Normalerweise müssen die Alkylsulfonate etwa 24 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten, um öllöslich zu sein. Anderseits erfordern die Alkarylsulfonate einen Alkylteil mit insgesamt nur etwa 18 Kohlenstoffatomen.
Zur Erreichung der erforderlichen Ollöslichkeit muss der Kohlenwasserstoffteil des Sulfonats demzufolge ein Molekulargewicht von etwa 350-1000 aufweisen. Vorzugsweise wird dieses Molekulargewicht zwischen 400 und 700 liegen. Auf diese Weise lässt sich mehr als ein Metall in das Produkt einarbeiten, wobei das in das Produkt eingeführte zusätzliche Metall vorzugsweise verschieden ist vom Metall des Sulfonats. Besonders geeignete Sulfonate sind beispielsweise Dialkylbenzolsulfonate und Dialkyltoluolsulfonate, deren Alkylgruppen 18 bis 24 C-Atome aufweisen, und Postdodecylbenzol- sulfonate. Besonders geeignete Sulfonate sind die Barium-und Calcium-dialkylbenzolsulfonate, deren Alkylgruppen 18 bis 24 C-Atome haben.
Das zur Herstellung der aromatischen Ct8-bis C24-Alkyl- sulfonate verwendete Wachs wird aus verschiedenen Quellen von Roherdöl erhalten. Es werden verschiedene Paraffinwachssorten mit verschiedenen Schmelzpunkten erzeugt. Das bei 52, 5-53, 3 C schmelzende Wachs stellt ein Gemisch von organischen Verbindungen mit einem durchschnittlichen Molekulargewicht von 330-340 dar. Der durchschnittliche Kohlenstoffgehalt dieser Mischung von organischen Verbindungen wird bei ungefähr 24 liegen. Mit abnehmendem Schmelzpunkt des Wachses wird ein Kohlenstoffgehalt der Mischung von durchschnittlich nur 18 oder etwas weniger erreicht.
Andere für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren verwendbare Sulfonate sind beispielsweise Verbindungen, wie mono-un poly-Cl8-bis CZ4-alkyl-substituierten Naphthalinsulfonate, ferner Diphenyläthersulfonate, Naphthalindisulfidsulfonate, Diphenylaminsulfonate, Dicetylthianthrensulfonate, Dilauryl-p-naphthanol- sulfonate. Dicaprylnitronaphthalinsulfonate, unge sättigte Paraffinwachssulfonate, oxysubstituierte Paraffinwachssulfonate, Tetraamylensulfonate, monound poly-chlorsubstituierte Paraffinwachssulfonate, Nitrosoparaffinwachssulfonate, cycloaliphatische Sulfonate, wie z. B. Lauryl-cyclohexylsulfonate, monound poly-Cl8-bis C24-alkyl-substituierte Cyclohexylsulfonate und dergleichen.
Statt die obengenannten Sulfonate als solche zu verwenden, kann man sie auch in situ erzeugen, indem man dem Gemisch die entsprechende Sulfonsäure zusetzt, die dann in beliebiger zweckdienlicher Weise in das Sulfonat übergeführt werden kann. In der Regel wird diese Ausführungsvariante aus Grün- den der Zweckmässigkeit bevorzugt. Wird nach dieser modifizierten Ausführungsform gearbeitet, so ist es zweckmässig, die ölunlösliche anorganische Verbindung in einer Menge zuzusetzen, die etwa das 11/2-bis 6fache derjenigen Menge beträgt, die sich mit der Sulfonsäure umsetzt. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht,. dass im Produkt eine organische Verbindung in Form eines Dispersionsmittels enthalten ist.
Als öllösliches Dispergierungsmittel können ferner die freien Phenole oder die entsprechenden Metallphenolate verwendet werden. Die Ollöslichkeit dieser phenolischen Verbindungen ist durch das Vorhandensein von mindestens 9 aliphatischen Kohlenstoffatomen pro Molekül bedingt. Als Beispiele von solchen öllöslichen phenolischen Verbindungen sind die folgenden Stoffe zu nennen : 3, 5, 5-Trimethyl-n-hexylphenol, n-Decyl-phenol, Cetylphenole, Nonyl-phenole und dergleichen ; Alkarylphenole, z. B. Alkyl-phenylphenole ; alkylierte aromatische Polyhydroxyverbindungen, z. B. Alkyl-resorcine mit 20 Alkylkohlenstoffatomen, oder Polyhydroxy-alkylbenzole, z. B.
Octyl-catechin, Tri-isobutylpyrogallol und dergleichen ; Monohydroxy-alkyl-naphthaline, z. B. Alkyl-anaphthole mit 12 Alkylkohlenstoffatomen und dergleichen. Es können alkylsubstituierte Phenol-sulfide mit mindestens 5 Alkylkohlenstoffatomen, wie z. B.
Amyl-oder Nonyl-phenol-disulfid und dergleichen, verwendet werden. Als besonders gunstig haben sich Nonylphenol und Nonylphenoldisulfid erwiesen.
Als öllösliche Dispergierungsmittel können organische Phosphorsäuren und die entsprechenden Thiophosphorsäuren mit drei-oder fünfwertigem Phosphor sowie die öllöslichen Salze dieser Säuren, beispielsweise Phosphorsäuren und Thiophosphorsäuren, Phosphinsäuren und Thiophosphinsäuren, Phosphonsäuren und Thiophosphonsäuren und dergleichen, sowie die öllöslichen Salze dieser Säuren, die als Substituenten beispielsweise aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, aromatische, substituierte aromatische und dergleichen Reste mit insgesamt vorzugsweise mindestens etwa 12 Kohlenstoffatomen aufweisen, verwendet werden.
Geeignete Phosphorsäureverbin- dungen sind beispielsweise Mono-Ci$ bis-C24 alkyl-phosphorsäuren, Monooctadecyl-phosphorsäure, Monododecyl-phosphorsäure, Methylcyclohexyl-phos- phit, Capryl-phosphit, Dicapryl-phosphit, Zink-mono Ci8-bis-C24-alkyl-benzolphosphat, Zink-dodecylbenzolphosphonat und dergleichen.
Geeignete organische Thiophosphorsäuren sind beispielsweise die Dicapryl-dithiophosphorsäuren, Dilauryl-dithiophos phorsäuren, Di- (methyl-cyclohexyl)-dithiophosphor- säuren, Lauryl-monothiophosphorsäuren, Diphenyl dithiophosphorsäuren, Ditolyl-monophosphorsäuren, Di- (isopropyl-phenyl)-monothiophosphorsäuren und dergleichen sowie die öllöslichen Salze dieser Säuren.
Die mit Phosphorsulfid behandelten Olefine und deren öllösliche Metallsalze, die ebenfalls für die Durchführung der Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind diejenigen, die üblicherweise in Schmier ölprodukten als korrosionshemmende und/oder reinigend wirkende Stoffe verwendet werden. Man kann insbesondere die im USA-Patent Nr. 2 316 080 beschriebenen Kalium-polyisobutylen-phosphorsulfidprodukte und einen ähnlichen Stoff, der metallfrei ist und in der im USA-Patent Nr. 2 516 119 beschriebenen Weise durch Anlagerung eines Phosphorsulfids an Wachsolefine erhältlich ist, verwenden.
Zur Herstellung dieses letzteren bevorzugten Stoffes werden zuerst aus Paraffinwachsen durch Halogenierung und Dehydrohalogenierung Wachsolefine erzeugt, welche dann mit einem Phosphorsulfid, vorzugsweise Phosphorpentasulfid, behandelt werden.
Als öllösliche Dispergierungsmittel werden wegen des Preises und der Zugämglichkeit vorzugsweise Metallseifen von Naphthensäuren und höheren Fettsäuren verwendet.
Als Naphthensäurereste eignen sich beispielsweise diejenigen von substituierten Cyclopentanmono-und-di-carbonsäuren und Cyclohexan-mono und-di-carbonsäuren, die mindestens etwa 15 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten müssen, um öllöslich zu sein, z. B. die Reste von Cetyl-cyclohexan-carbonsäuren, Dioctyl-cyclopentan-carbonsäuren ; ferner diejenigen von Dilauryldecahydronaphthalin-carbonsäuren und dergleichen sowie öllöslichen Salzen davon.
Metallseifen sind dann öllöslich, wenn die Fettsäurereste mindestens etwa 8 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten. Bei den Bariumsalzen der ungesättigten und verzweigten Säuren tritt die Öllöslichkeit bei einer kleineren Zahl von aliphatischen Kohlenstoffatomen auf als bei den Bariumsalzen der gesättigten Säuren.
Als Beispiele geeigneter Fettsäuren seien 2-Athyl- capronsäure, Linolensäure und dergleichen genannt.
Als substituierte Fettsäuren sind beispielsweise Chlor stearinsäuren, Ricinolensäuren und dergleichen verwendbar.
Ahnlich wie im Fall der Sulfonate kann man die Carbonsäureseifen, statt sie als solche zu verwenden, in situ erzeugen, indem man dem Gemisch die entsprechende Carbonsäure zusetzt, die dann in beliebiger zweckdienlicher Weise in die Seife übergeführt werden kann. Wenn diese letztere Arbeitsweise angewendet wird, so ist es zweckmässig, die ölunlösliche anorganische Verbindung in einer Menge zuzusetzen, die das 11/2-bis 6fache derjenigen Menge beträgt, die sich mit der Carbonsäure umsetzt. Auf diese Weise wird erreicht, dass im Endprodukt eine anorganische Verbindung in Form eines Dispersoids vorhanden ist.
Als nichtionogene öllösliche oberflächenaktive Stoffe eignen sich für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren beispielsweise das aus Polyäthylenglykol-oleat bestehende
Markenprodukt Antarox B-100o (General Aniline and Film Corporation), das aus Polyoxyäthylen-laurylalkohol bestehende
Markenprodukt Brij-30 (Atlas Powder Company), das aus einem Kondensationsprodukt eines Poly glykols, einer Fettsäure und saurem Natrium sulfosuccinat bestehende Markenprodukt D-Spers-O, W, PS, MO, CL (Planetary Chemical Company), das aus einem Lanolinderivat bestehende
Markenprodukt G-14930 (Atlas Powder Company),
das aus einem langkettigen Fettsäureester mit mehrfachen Atherbindungen bestehende Markenprodukt Mulsor5 > (Synthetic Chemicals, Incorporated), das aus einer Fettsäure-aminoverbindung be stehende Markenprodukt NOPCO 1219-A (Nopco Chemical Company), das aus einem alkylierten Aryl-polyäther-alkohol bestehende Markenprodukt Triton S-45 (Rohm and Haas Company) und das aus einem dimeren alkylierten Aryl-polyäther- alkohol bestehende Markenprodukt Triton X-155 (Rohm and Haas Company).
Als kationische öllösliche, oberflächenaktive Stoffe eignen sich für das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren beispielsweise das aus einem substituierten Oxazolin bestehende
Markenprodukt Alkatergl C, O, OX (Commercial Solvents Corporation), das aus einem heterocyclischen tertiären Amin der Formel
EMI4.1
bestehende Markenprodukt Alro amines, C.
O, S (Alrose Chemical Company), das aus einem sekundären Fettsäureamin be stehende Markenprodukt Armeen 2C, 2HT (Armour and Company), das aus quaternären Ammoniumverbindungen der
Formel RRt-N-(CH) 2C1 bestehende Marken produkt Arquad 2C, 2HT (Armour and Company) und das aus einem modifizierten kationischen Mittel bestehende Markenprodukt Detergent I-160 (Alrose Chemical Company).
Von den Metallseifen eignen sich nur die der Metalle der Gruppen I und II des periodischen Systems. Ausser den aufgezählten Salzen kann man auch die entsprechenden Mono-und Polyhalogen-, insbesondere die Mono-und Polychlor-Derivate, verwenden.
In einzelnen Fällen ist es zweckmässig, ein inertes Losungsmittel, wie z. B. Benzin oder andere verhältnismässig tief siedende Kohlenwasserstoffe, zuzusetzen, um die Viskosität des Gemisches zu reduzieren.
Die Basenzahl der erfindungsgemässen Produkte wurde nach der Essigsäure-Titrationsmethode bestimmt, bei welcher Eisessig als Lösungsmittel und eine Lösung von Perchlorsäure in Eisessig als Titrant verwendet wird. Diese Methode ist für Bestimmungen dieser Art besonders günstig, da sich Gleichgewichte rasch einstellen. Die Durchführung von Essigsäure- titrationen ist in allgemeinen Zügen in der Zeitschrift Analytical Chemistry , 23, Nr. 2, Februar 1951, Seite 337 und 24, Nr. 3, März 1952, Seite 519, beschrieben.
In den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung bedeuten Teile Gewichtsteile. Die in den Beispielen angeführten Viscositäten der Ole (S. S. U. Wert) beziehen sich auf eine Temperatur von 38 C.
Beispiel 1
Man suspendiert 5 Teile Calciumoxyd (mit einem Gehalt an aktivem CaO von 85"/e) in 80 Teilen von 1 O/o Wasser enthaltendem Methanol und bläst Kohlendioxyd in die Suspension ein, bis die Entwicklung von Reaktionswärme nachgelassen hat.
Durch Filtrieren erhält man 33 Teile einer festen wasserlöslichen unbeständigen Verbindung, die weder aus Calciumcarbonat, Calciumbicarbonat noch Calciumoxyd besteht, wie dies durch Röntgen-und Infrarotanalysen festgestellt wird. Beim Stehen verliert diese Verbindung langsam Kohlendioxyd und Methanol, wobei Calciumcarbonat zur ckbleibt. Die Zusammensetzung der unbeständigen Verbindung entspricht der folgenden Formel :
EMI5.1
Das in der oben beschriebenen Weise erhaltene Produkt wird in 95 Teile einer 50 feigen Lösung von neutralem Calciumpostdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oil ) einge- tragen.
Das Gemisch wird gerührt, um den Calciumkomplex zu suspendieren, und auf 150 C erhitzt, um den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen und Methanol abzudestillieren. Das trübe Produkt wird zwecks Entfernung von suspendiertem Material (das ursprüng- lich in Form von Verunreinigungen im Calciumoxyd enthalten war) zentrifugiert. Man erhält auf diese Weise ein helles öllösliches Produkt, das eine Basenzahl von 86 aufweist.
Ein ähnliches Produkt wird erhalten, wenn ein in der oben beschriebenen Weise hergestellter Komplex einer 50 /aigen Lösung von neutralem Barium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat zugesetzt wird.
Beispiel 2
Man suspendiert 8, 25 Teile Calciumoxyd in 130 Teilen von 1 ? Wasser enthaltendem Methanol und bläst Kohlendioxyd in die Suspension ein, während die letztere auf einer Temperatur von etwa 25 C gehalten wird. Man filtriert die erhaltene Suspension und suspendiert den Filtrierrückstand in 92, 5 Teilen einer Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oib) (1, 22 Milliäquivalent Sulfonsäure pro Teil der Lösung).
Die Suspension wird auf 150 C erhitzt, um den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen und Methanol abzudestillieren. Das Produkt wird mit einem Filterhilfsstoff gerührt und dann filtriert. Man erhält ein helles öllösliches Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 88.
Beispiel 3
In 90 Teile einer methanolischen Lösung von Calciumhydrosulfid (1, 92 Aquivalente Calcium pro Teil der Lösung) leitet man Kohlendioxyd ein, bis die Entwicklung von Schwefelwasserstoff zum Stillstand kommt. Man filtriert die erhaltene Suspension und trägt den Filterrückstand in 95 Teile einer 50%igen L¯sung von neutralem Calcium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem O1 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oil?) ein. Der Calciumkomplex wird in der in den vorangehenden Beispielen beschriebenen Weise zersetzt und zentrifugiert. Man erhält ein helles öl- lösliches Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 85.
Beispiel 4
In 100 Teile einer durch Lösen von 25, 8 Teilen Bariumoxyd in 120 Teilen von 1 O/o Wasser enthaltendem Methanol hergestellten Lösung leitet man Kohlendioxyd ein, bis die Entwicklung von Reak tionswärme nachgelassen hat. Der entstandene weisse Niederschlag wird abfiltriert. Man erhält 55, 5 Teile eines Produktes, das, wie die Röntgen-und Infrarotanalysen zeigen, weder aus Bariumcarbonat, Bariumbicarbonat noch Bariumoxyd besteht. Beim Stehen gibt dieser Komplex langsam Kohlendioxyd und Methanol ab. Die Zersetzung wird durch Wärme beschleunigt.
Die Zusammensetzung des erhaltenen Komplexes entspricht am besten der folgenden Formel :
EMI5.2
50 Teile des Komplexes werden in 155 Teile einer 50 /oigen Lösung von Barium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem tjl von 170 S. S. U. eingetragen. Das Gemisch wird kräftig gerührt und rasch auf 150 C erhitzt, um den Komplex zu zersetzen und Methanol abzudestillieren. Durch Zentrifugieren erhält man ein klares helles öllosliches Material mit einer Basenzahl von 57.
Beispiel 5
100 Volumteile einer mit Bariumhydroxyd, Ba (OH) g-HO, gesättigten methanolischen Lösung werden mit Kohlendioxyd behandelt, bis die Entwicklung von Reaktionswärme nachgelassen hat. Man lässt das Reaktionsgemisch stehen, dekantiert dann den Alkohol ab und trägt den zurückbleibenden Schlamm in 70 Teile einer Lösung von 22 /el Di-Ct8- bis-C24-alkylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem il von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oil > ) ein. Das Gemisch wird gerührt und auf 160 C erhitzt, um Methanol zu entfernen. Man erhält nach dem Erhitzen ein helles Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 56.
Beispiel 6
Man suspendiert 6, 4 Teile feinteiliges Calciumhydroxyd in 80 Teilen Methanol. Man behandelt das Gemisch während etwa 2 Stunden unter einem relativen Druck von etwa 2, 11 kglcm2 mit Kohlendioxyd.
Man filtriert die erhaltene Suspension und trägt den Komplex in 95 Teile einer 50 feigen Lösung von Calcium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem OI von 170 S. S. U. ( < : 170 pale oib) ein. Das Gemisch wird rasch auf 150 C erhitzt. Das erhaltene Produkt wird heiss durch ein Filterhilfsmittel filtriert. Man erhält ein klares helles Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 90.
Beispiel 7
Man arbeitet in der im Beispiel 6 beschriebenen Weise, mit der Ausnahme, dal3 man den Komplex in 21 Teile einer 50 /oigen Lösung von Calcium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U.
( 170 pale oit ) und 60 Teile Benzol einträgt. Das Gemisch wird kräftig gerührt und rasch auf 150 C erhitzt, um Benzol und Methanol abzudestillieren.
Man erhält ein helles klares Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 250.
Beispiel 8
In eine Suspension von 6, 4 Teilen Calciumhydroxyd in 80 Teilen Isopropanol wird Kohlendioxyd während 2 Stunden eingeleitet. Die erhaltene Suspension, die einen Calcium, Kohlendioxyd und Isopropanol enthaltenden Komplex enthÏlt, wird filtriert und in 95 Teile einer 50 /oigen Lösung von Calcium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oit ) eingetragen. Das Gemisch wird auf 150 C erhitzt. Durch Filtrieren durch ein Filterhilfsmittel wird ein klares helles Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 82 erhalten.
Beispiel 9
In eine Lösung von 50 Teilen Polyoxyäthylen- sorbit-4, 5-oleat (Markenprodukt Atlas G-2859 , Atlas Prowder Company) in 80 Teilen eines Ols von 170 S. S. U. (? 170 pale oib) trägt man 33 Teile des gemäss Beispiel 1 hergestellten festen Calcium Kohlendioxyd-Methanol-Komplexes ein. Das Gemisch wird kräftig gerührt und auf 150 C erhitzt, um den Komplex zu zersetzen und Methanol abzudestillieren. Durch Zentrifugieren erhält man ein helles öllösliches Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 59.
Beispiel 10
In eine Lösung von 50 Teilen Calcium-postdodecylbenzolsulfonat in 150 Teilen Di-2-äthyl-hexyl- azelat trägt man 33 Teile des gemäss Beispiel 1 hergestellten Calcium-Kohlendioxyd-Methanol-Komplexes ein. Das Gemisch wird kräftig gerührt und auf 150 C erhitzt, um den Komplex zu zersetzen und Methanol abzudestillieren. Durch Zentrifugieren des erhaltenen Reaktionsgemisches erhält man ein helles öllösliches Produkt mit einer Basenzahl von 38.
Beispiel 11
Es wird in der im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Weise gearbeitet, mit der Ausnahme, dass wasserfreies Methanol anstelle von 1/ss Wasser enthaltendem Methanol verwendet wird. Das erhaltene Produkt besitzt eine Basenzahl von 21.
Beispiel 12
Es wird in der im Beispiel 1 beschriebenen Weise gearbeitet, mit der Ausnahme, dass 0, 5 to Wasser enthaltendes Methanol anstelle von 1 /o Wasser enthaltendem Methanol verwendet wird. Das erhaltene Produkt besitzt eine Basenzahl von 21.
Aus den Beispielen 11 und 12 ist ersichtlich, dass unter Bedingungen, unter welchen das Erdalkalioxyd nicht hydratisiert oder nur bis zu 1/Mol Mol H20 pro Mol Erdalkalioxyd hydratisiert ist, die Basenzahlen der erhaltenen Produkte viel kleiner sind, als man auf Grund der verwendeten Erdalkalioxydmenge hätte erwarten können. Das Beispiel I zeigt, dal3 unter Bedingungen, unter welchen das Erdalkalioxyd im Verhältnis von 1/2 Mol H, O pro Mol Erdalkalioxyd hydratisiert ist, das erhaltene Produkt die auf Grund der verwendeten Erdalkalioxydmenge erwartete Basenzahl besitzt.
Beispiel 13
24 Teile Calciumhydroxyd werden in 80 Teilen Methanol suspendiert. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 400 Teilen einer 50 10igen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oil ) versetzt. Das Gemisch wird während 11/2 Stunden mit Kohlendioxyd behandelt und dann auf 150 C erhitzt, um die Lösungsmittel abzudestillieren und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen. Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 83 auf.
Beispiel 14
Man suspendiert 5 Teile Calciumhydroxyd in 17, 5 Teilen Methanol. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 40 Teilen einer 50 loigen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. (? 170 pale oit ) und 42, 5 Teilen Benzin versetzt. In das Gemisch wird Kohlendioxyd eingeblasen, bis 5 Teile des letzteren absorbiert sind. Das erhaltene Gemisch wird auf 150 C erhitzt, um die Lösungsmittel zu verdampfen und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen. Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 70 sowie einen Calciumgehalt von 4, 40/o und einen Schwefelgehalt von 3, 4 lo auf.
Ahnliche Resultate werden erzielt, wenn im Beispiel 14 n-Butanol oder n-Amylalkohol anstelle des Methanols verwendet wird.
Beispiel 15
12 Teile Calciumhydroxyd werden in 44, 4 Teilen Methanol suspendiert. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 36 Teilen einer 50"/o igen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. (? 170 pale oil ) und 38, 4 Teilen Benzin versetzt. In das Gemisch wird Kohlendioxyd eingeblasen, bis 13, 4 Teile des letzteren angelagert sind. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird dann auf 150 C erhitzt, um die Lösungsmittel abzudampfen und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen. Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 190 auf und enthÏlt 7, 90/o Calcium und 3 < V. Schwefel.
Beispiel 16
Es wird in der im Beispiel 15 beschriebenen Weise gearbeitet, mit der Ausnahme, dass das Gemisch mit 20 Teilen statt mit 13, 4 Teilen Kohlendioxyd behandelt wird. Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 255 auf.
Beispiel 17 12 Teile Calciumhydroxyd werden in 44, 4 Teilen Methanol suspendiert. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 35 Teilen einer 50 /oigen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oil ) und 39, 4 Teilen Benzin versetzt. In das Gemisch werden 29 Teile Kohlendioxyd eingeblasen, worauf das Reaktionsgemisch auf 150 C erhitzt wird, um die Lösungsmittel abzudampfen und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen.
Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 280 auf und enthält 10, 3 /o Calcium und 2, 70/Schwefel.
Beispiel 18
8, 2 Teile Calciumhydroxyd werden in 26, 5 Teilen Methanol suspendiert. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 49, 3 Teilen einer 50 /oigen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem O1 von 170 S. S. U. ( 170 pale oib) und 62, 7 Teilen Benzin versetzt. In das Gemisch werden 20 Teile Kohlendioxyd eingeblasen, worauf das Reaktionsgemisch auf 150 C erhitzt wird, um die Lösungsmittel abzudampfen und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen.
Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 134 auf und enthält 6, 7 Calcium und 3, 3 lo Schwefel.
Beispiel 19
5, 5 Teile Calciumhydroxyd werden in 18 Teilen Methanol suspendiert. Die Suspension wird kräftig gerührt und mit 49, 3 Teilen einer 50 laigen Lösung von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure in einem 01 von 170 S. S. U. (au70 pale oil ) und 62, 7 Teilen Benzin versetzt. In das Gemisch werden 13 Teile Kohlendioxyd eingeblasen, worauf das Reaktionsgemisch auf 150 C erhitzt wird, um die Lösungsmittel abzudampfen und den Calciumkomplex zu zersetzen.
Nach dem Filtrieren weist das Produkt eine Basenzahl von 70 auf und enthält 4, 5 Calcium und 3, 9% Schwefel.
Es wurden Schmierprodukte hergestellt, indem je 5 Teile der gemäss den Beispielen 1-8, 10 und 13-19 erhaltenen Produkte zu 95 Teilen eines Schmier mischöls mit einer SAE-Zahl von 30, dem eine kleine Menge eines mit Phosphorpentasulfid behandelten Wachsolefins zugegeben worden war, gegeben wurden. Jedes der auf diese Weise, erhaltenen Gemische wurde unter Rühren auf etwa 60 C erhitzt, um homogene Gemische zu erhalten.
Die auf diese Weise hergestellten Schmieröl- produkte wurden in noch nicht emgelaufenen Motoren geprüft. In einem Vergleichsversuch wurde auch das zur Herstellung dieser Produkte verwendete Schmier¯l SAE 30 geprüft. Die Prüfversuche wurden wie folgt durchgeführt : Noch nicht eingelaufene Vierzylinder-Benzinmotoren (Leichttraktormotoren) wurden auf dem Prüfstand während 40 Stunden mit einer Geschwindigkeit von 2500 Umdrehungen pro Minute und einer Leistung von 11, 15 PS bei einer Oltemperatur von 138 C und einer Kiihlmantelte. mperatur von 93 C laufenge- lassen. Anschliessend wurden die Motoren demontiert, um deren Bestandteile zu untersuchen.
Einer der Motoren wurde unter Verwendung des SAE-30-Öls, welches das mit Phosphorpentasulfid behandelte Wachsolefin enthielt, laufengelassen. Die unter Verwendung der die erfindungsgemässen Produkte enthaltenden Schmieröle betriebenen Motoren wiesen eine geringere Abniitzung auf als der unter Verwen- dung des Kontrollschmieröls betriebene Motor.
Die gemäss den Beispielen verwendete Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure wurde durch Sulfonieren von Postdodecylbenzol erhalten. Die verschiedenen Postdodecylbenzolsulfonate wurden durch Neutralisieren von Postdodecylbenzolsulfonsäure hergestellt.
Postdodecylbenzol enthält Monoalkylbenzole und Dialkylbenzole im Verhältnis von etwa 2 : 3. Es besitzt die folgenden spezifischen physikalischen Eigenschaften : Spezifisches Gewicht bei 380 C : 0, 8649 Mittleres Molekulargewicht : 385 Sulfonierbarer Anteil"/o : 88 A. S. T. M.-Methode.
D-158 Engler-Destillation Anfangssiedepunkt : 342 C
5 : 361 C
50 : 3790 C
90 : 404 C
95 : 413 C Endsiedepunkt : 415 C Brechungsindex bei 23 C : 1, 4900 Viskosität bei-10 C : 2800 Centipoisen
20 : 280
40 : 78
80 : 18 Anilinpunkt : 69 C Stockpunkt :-31, 7 C
Die durchgeführten Versuche haben folgendes gezeigt :
1. Die Produkte mit Basenzahlen von etwa 100 bis 130 besitzen eine optimale Viskosität ;
2. Optimale Resultate werden bei Verwendung von 84"/o Ca (OH) 2 und 24 /o Kohlendioxyd erzielt ;
3.
Zur Erzielung der optimalen Basenzahl und Löslichkeit wird die Carbonatation vorzugsweise bei Temperaturen von etwa 27 bis 32 C durchgeführt, und
4. Es lässt sich kein erfassbarer Vorteil erzielen, indem das Gewichtsverhältnis des Alkohols zum Metall über 6 : 1 erhöht wird.
Process for the preparation of stable dispersions of a basic metal-containing compound in an oily medium
Metal-containing dispersions have increased cleaning power and an increased basicity reserve, which is why they are used as additives to lubricating oils and the like. These products are also suitable for the manufacture of anti-corrosive products and for similar purposes.
It is assumed that in high-performance lubricating oils, such as those used in diesel and similar internal combustion engines, at least two requirements must be met if the machines are to remain largely clean.
In addition to lubricating properties, stability and the like, such an oil must primarily have the property of dispersing the insoluble constituents formed during the combustion of the fuel or the oxidation of the oil. The second requirement that is made of such compositions is that the O1 must be able to neutralize acidic lacquer precursors, which are formed either during oxydation or when the oil is reacted with the sulfur acids generated during fuel combustion . In general, the detergents that are used in oils for such machines that are operated with high sulfur fuel, such.
B. the usual metal sulfonates, only slightly alkaline, so that their basicity decreases rapidly during operation of the machine.
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of stable dispersions of a basic, metal-containing compound in an oily medium, this process being characterized in that a sodium, barium or calcium compound is added to a lower aliphatic alcohol through the mixture Carbon dioxide conducts, the complex obtained is dispersed in an oily medium containing an oil-soluble dispersant and the dispersion obtained is heated, the alcohol being removed and the said complex being decomposed, or the mixture of a sodium, barium or calcium compound with the aliphatic alcohol in dispersed in an oily medium containing an oil-soluble dispersant,
then passes through carbon dioxide and finally heated the dispersion obtained.
Although one should not be bound by a particular theory as far as the structure of the complex compound in question is concerned, it is assumed that the alcohol-insoluble complex compound, which is formed by the mixture of alcohol and inorganic compound when carbon dioxide is passed through, has the following structural formula having :
EMI1.1
where M = an alkali or alkaline earth metal, x = the valence of M and R = a lower alkyl group.
The following speaks in favor of this theory:
EMI1.2
EMI1.3
<tb> <SEP> 0
<tb> <SEP> 11
<tb> CH3-O-C-O-Na <SEP> (insoluble) <SEP> + <SEP> H20
<tb>
The analysis of the above product with regard to its carbon dioxide, sodium and oxygen content gave the formula Na-C2H303. E. Szarvasy, Ber. 1897, 30, 1836, has
EMI2.1
identified as a reaction product of CH30Na + CO2. The identity of these two products could be determined by infrared spectral analysis of the product prepared according to the method of E. Szarvasy and of the product obtained by reacting sodium hydroxide, methyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. J. Dumas and E.
Peligot, Ann., 1840, 35, 283 have reported that a compound of the structural formula
EMI2.2
by reacting barium oxide, methyl alcohol -M (0-C-0-R) x + HzO
Before going into detail on examples of the present invention, it may be appropriate to make a general statement about the nature of the materials required in the present process.
Na, Ba and Ca compounds
Sodium, barium and calcium oxides and hydroxides, including hydrates, can be used in the process of this invention. Other suitable inorganic compounds are the sodium, barium and calcium salts of acids, which have an ionization constant of less than 1 × 10-7. Specific acids in this class are boric acid, carbonic acid, phenol and thiocarbonic acid.
Oily media as carriers
Oily media which can be used are e.g. B. mineral lubricating oils, which are obtained by any conventional refining methods, and vegetable oils, such as. B. maison, cottonseed oil, castor oil, etc., animal oils such. B. Bacon oil, sperm oil, etc., and synthetic oils such. B. alkylene polymers. Specific examples of synthetic oils are the polymers of propylene, also polyoxyalkylenes, such as. B. polyoxypropylene, and esters of polyoxypropylenes. Dicarboxylic acid esters, such as. B. esters of adipic acid and azelaic acid with alcohols, such as. B. butyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-hexyl alcohol or dodecyl alcohol, also esters of acids of phosphorus, such as.
B. the diethyl ester of decanephosphonic acid [CH-P (O) (OC, H] and tricresyl phosphate). If desired, the oily carriers can be formed with a solvent for the purpose of carbon dioxide. It should be noted here that the various inorganic compounds in alcohol have different solubility- Sodium hydroxide is generally not soluble in alcohol, calcium oxide is insoluble and barium oxide, on the other hand, is soluble in methyl alcohol.It has been found that the complex compound formed by introducing carbon dioxide into a mixture of alcohol and inorganic compound is always oil-insoluble.
Based on analytical values, it can be assumed that the product formed by converting these three components has the following formula:
EMI2.3
When the complex compound obtained according to the present invention is heated in the presence of moisture, the reaction proceeds as follows: M2 CO3 + CO2ROH reduction in viscosity are diluted. Suitable solvents are petroleum naphtha or other hydrocarbons, such as. B. hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene or xylene.
Dispersant
Various oil-soluble dispersants can be used. Suitable dispersants are both anionic and nonionic in nature.
Typical ionic dispersants are the sulfonates, the organic phosphorus compounds, the phosphorus sulfide treated olefins and the metal soaps of carboxylic acids.
Sulfonates
Suitable oil-soluble sulfonates are d e.g. B. alkyl sulfonates, alkarylsulfonates, the so-called mahogany soaps (oil-soluble petroleum soaps) and the like.
Some of the aromatic sulfonates have cycloalkyl groups, that is to say naphthene groups in the side chains, which are attached to the benzene ring. Suitable mahogany soaps include the non-aromatic sulfonates, which are produced in the customary sulfuric acid refining of lubricating oil distillates and which arise in the industrial use of fuming sulfuric acid during the refining of petroleum. The industrial production of oil-soluble mahogany sulfonates from petroleum is well known. Usually the alkyl sulfonates must contain about 24 carbon atoms to be oil soluble. On the other hand, the alkaryl sulfonates require an alkyl part with a total of only about 18 carbon atoms.
In order to achieve the required oil solubility, the hydrocarbon part of the sulfonate must therefore have a molecular weight of about 350-1000. Preferably this molecular weight will be between 400 and 700. In this way, more than one metal can be incorporated into the product, the additional metal introduced into the product preferably being different from the metal of the sulfonate. Particularly suitable sulfonates are, for example, dialkylbenzenesulfonates and dialkyltoluenesulfonates, the alkyl groups of which have 18 to 24 carbon atoms, and postdodecylbenzenesulfonates. Particularly suitable sulfonates are the barium and calcium dialkylbenzenesulfonates, the alkyl groups of which have 18 to 24 carbon atoms.
The wax used to produce the aromatic Ct8 to C24 alkyl sulfonates is obtained from various sources of crude oil. Different types of paraffin waxes with different melting points are produced. The wax, which melts at 52.5-553.3 C, is a mixture of organic compounds with an average molecular weight of 330-340. The average carbon content of this mixture of organic compounds will be around 24. As the melting point of the wax decreases, the carbon content in the mixture is only 18 or slightly less on average.
Other sulfonates which can be used for the process according to the invention are, for example, compounds such as mono-un poly-C 8 to C 4 -alkyl-substituted naphthalene sulfonates, also diphenyl ether sulfonates, naphthalene disulfonates, diphenylamine sulfonates, dicetylthianthrene sulfonates, dilauryl-p-naphthanol sulfonates. Dicaprylnitronaphthalinsulfonate, unsaturated paraffin wax sulfonates, oxysubstituted paraffin wax sulfonates, tetraamylene sulfonates, mono- and polychlorosubstituted paraffin wax sulfonates, nitrosoparaffin wax sulfonates, cycloaliphatic sulfonates, such as. B. lauryl cyclohexyl sulfonates, mono- and poly-C18 to C24 alkyl substituted cyclohexyl sulfonates and the like.
Instead of using the above-mentioned sulfonates as such, they can also be generated in situ by adding the corresponding sulfonic acid to the mixture, which can then be converted into the sulfonate in any convenient manner. As a rule, this variant is preferred for reasons of expediency. If this modified embodiment is used, it is expedient to add the oil-insoluble inorganic compound in an amount which is about 11/2 to 6 times that amount which reacts with the sulfonic acid. In this way it is achieved. that the product contains an organic compound in the form of a dispersant.
The free phenols or the corresponding metal phenates can also be used as oil-soluble dispersants. The oil solubility of these phenolic compounds is due to the presence of at least 9 aliphatic carbon atoms per molecule. Examples of such oil-soluble phenolic compounds include the following substances: 3, 5, 5-trimethyl-n-hexylphenol, n-decylphenol, cetylphenols, nonylphenols and the like; Alkaryl phenols, e.g. B. alkyl phenyl phenols; alkylated aromatic polyhydroxy compounds, e.g. B. alkyl resorcine with 20 alkyl carbon atoms, or polyhydroxy-alkylbenzenes, z. B.
Octyl catechin, tri-isobutylpyrogallol and the like; Monohydroxy-alkyl-naphthalenes, e.g. B. alkyl anaphthols having 12 alkyl carbon atoms and the like. It can alkyl-substituted phenol sulfides with at least 5 alkyl carbon atoms, such as. B.
Amyl or nonyl phenol disulfide and the like can be used. Nonylphenol and nonylphenol disulfide have proven to be particularly beneficial.
Organic phosphoric acids and the corresponding thiophosphoric acids with trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus and the oil-soluble salts of these acids, for example phosphoric acids and thiophosphoric acids, phosphinic acids and thiophosphinic acids, phosphonic acids and thiophosphonic acids and the like, and the oil-soluble salts of these acids, for example aliphatic as substituents, can be used as oil-soluble dispersants , cycloaliphatic, aromatic, substituted aromatic and the like radicals with a total of preferably at least about 12 carbon atoms can be used.
Suitable phosphoric acid compounds are, for example, mono-Ci $ bis-C24 alkyl-phosphoric acids, monooctadecyl-phosphoric acid, monododecyl-phosphoric acid, methylcyclohexyl-phosphite, capryl-phosphite, dicapryl-phosphite, zinc-mono Ci8-bis-C24-alkyl- benzene phosphate, zinc dodecyl benzene phosphonate and the like.
Suitable organic thiophosphoric acids are, for example, the dicapryl-dithiophosphoric acids, dilauryl-dithiophosphoric acids, di- (methyl-cyclohexyl) -dithiophosphoric acids, lauryl-monothiophosphoric acids, diphenyl-dithiophosphoric acids, dithiophosphoric acids and the like, and also di- (isopropyl-monophosphoric acids, di- (isopropyl) monophosphoric acids and the like) the oil-soluble salts of these acids.
The olefins treated with phosphorus sulfide and their oil-soluble metal salts which can also be used for the practice of the invention are those which are conventionally used in lubricating oil products as corrosion-inhibiting and / or cleaning substances. In particular, the potassium-polyisobutylene-phosphorus sulfide products described in U.S. Patent No. 2,316,080 and a similar substance which is metal-free and can be obtained in the manner described in U.S. Patent No. 2,516,119 by the addition of a phosphorus sulfide to wax olefins can be used, use.
To produce this latter preferred substance, wax olefins are first produced from paraffin waxes by halogenation and dehydrohalogenation, which are then treated with a phosphorus sulfide, preferably phosphorus pentasulfide.
Metal soaps of naphthenic acids and higher fatty acids are preferably used as oil-soluble dispersants because of their price and availability.
Suitable naphthenic acid residues are, for example, those of substituted cyclopentane mono- and di-carboxylic acids and cyclohexane mono and di-carboxylic acids, which must contain at least about 15 carbon atoms in order to be oil-soluble, e.g. B. the residues of cetyl-cyclohexane-carboxylic acids, dioctyl-cyclopentane-carboxylic acids; also those of dilauryldecahydronaphthalenecarboxylic acids and the like and oil-soluble salts thereof.
Metal soaps are oil-soluble if the fatty acid residues contain at least about 8 carbon atoms. In the case of the barium salts of the unsaturated and branched acids, the oil solubility occurs with a smaller number of aliphatic carbon atoms than in the case of the barium salts of the saturated acids.
Examples of suitable fatty acids are 2-ethylcaproic acid, linolenic acid and the like.
As substituted fatty acids, for example, chlorostearic acids, ricinolenic acids and the like can be used.
As in the case of the sulfonates, the carboxylic acid soaps, instead of using them as such, can be produced in situ by adding the corresponding carboxylic acid to the mixture, which can then be converted into the soap in any convenient manner. If this latter procedure is used, it is expedient to add the oil-insoluble inorganic compound in an amount which is 11/2 to 6 times the amount which reacts with the carboxylic acid. In this way it is achieved that an inorganic compound in the form of a dispersoid is present in the end product.
Suitable nonionic, oil-soluble surface-active substances for the process according to the invention are, for example, that consisting of polyethylene glycol oleate
Branded product Antarox B-100o (General Aniline and Film Corporation), which consists of polyoxyethylene lauryl alcohol
Branded product Brij-30 (Atlas Powder Company), the branded product D-Spers-O, W, PS, MO, CL (Planetary Chemical Company) consisting of a condensation product of a poly glycol, a fatty acid and acidic sodium sulfosuccinate, which consists of a lanolin derivative
Branded product G-14930 (Atlas Powder Company),
the branded product Mulsor5> (Synthetic Chemicals, Incorporated) consisting of a long-chain fatty acid ester with multiple ether bonds, the branded product NOPCO 1219-A (Nopco Chemical Company) consisting of a fatty acid amino compound, the branded product Triton consisting of an alkylated aryl polyether alcohol S-45 (Rohm and Haas Company) and the branded product Triton X-155 (Rohm and Haas Company) consisting of a dimeric alkylated aryl polyether alcohol.
Suitable cationic, oil-soluble, surface-active substances for the process according to the invention are, for example, that consisting of a substituted oxazoline
Branded product Alkatergl C, O, OX (Commercial Solvents Corporation), made from a heterocyclic tertiary amine of the formula
EMI4.1
existing branded product Alro amines, C.
O, S (Alrose Chemical Company), the brand product Armeen 2C, 2HT (Armor and Company) consisting of a secondary fatty acid amine, which is made from quaternary ammonium compounds from
Formula RRt-N- (CH) 2C1 existing branded product Arquad 2C, 2HT (Armor and Company) and the branded product Detergent I-160 (Alrose Chemical Company) consisting of a modified cationic agent.
Of the metal soaps, only those of the metals in groups I and II of the periodic table are suitable. In addition to the salts listed, the corresponding mono- and polyhalogen derivatives, in particular the mono- and polychloride derivatives, can also be used.
In individual cases it is useful to use an inert solvent, such as. B. gasoline or other relatively low-boiling hydrocarbons to add to reduce the viscosity of the mixture.
The base number of the products according to the invention was determined by the acetic acid titration method, in which glacial acetic acid is used as the solvent and a solution of perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid is used as the titrant. This method is particularly favorable for determinations of this kind, since equilibria are established quickly. The implementation of acetic acid titrations is described in general terms in the journal Analytical Chemistry, 23, No. 2, February 1951, pages 337 and 24, No. 3, March 1952, page 519.
In the following embodiments of the invention, parts mean parts by weight. The viscosities of the oils given in the examples (S. S. U. value) relate to a temperature of 38 C.
example 1
5 parts of calcium oxide (with an active CaO content of 85 "/ e) are suspended in 80 parts of methanol containing 10 / o water and carbon dioxide is blown into the suspension until the heat of reaction has subsided.
Filtration gives 33 parts of a solid, water-soluble, unstable compound which does not consist of calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate or calcium oxide, as determined by X-ray and infrared analysis. When standing, this compound slowly loses carbon dioxide and methanol, leaving behind calcium carbonate. The composition of the volatile compound corresponds to the following formula:
EMI5.1
The product obtained in the manner described above is introduced into 95 parts of a 50 fig solution of neutral calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in an 01 of 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oil).
The mixture is stirred to suspend the calcium complex and heated to 150 ° C. to decompose the calcium complex and to distill off the methanol. The cloudy product is centrifuged to remove suspended material (which was originally contained in the calcium oxide in the form of impurities). In this way, a pale, oil-soluble product which has a base number of 86 is obtained.
A similar product is obtained when a complex prepared in the manner described above is added to a 50% solution of neutral barium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate.
Example 2
8, 25 parts of calcium oxide are suspended in 130 parts of 1? Methanol containing water and injects carbon dioxide into the suspension, while the latter is kept at a temperature of about 25 ° C. The suspension obtained is filtered and the filter residue is suspended in 92.5 parts of a solution of postdodecylbenzenesulphonic acid in an oil from 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oib) (1.22 milliequivalents of sulphonic acid per part of the solution).
The suspension is heated to 150 ° C. in order to decompose the calcium complex and to distill off the methanol. The product is stirred with a filter aid and then filtered. A pale, oil-soluble product with a base number of 88 is obtained.
Example 3
Carbon dioxide is introduced into 90 parts of a methanolic solution of calcium hydrosulphide (1.92 equivalents of calcium per part of the solution) until the evolution of hydrogen sulphide ceases. The suspension obtained is filtered and the filter residue is introduced into 95 parts of a 50% solution of neutral calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in an O1 of 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oil?). The calcium complex is decomposed and centrifuged in the manner described in the previous examples. A pale oil-soluble product with a base number of 85 is obtained.
Example 4
Carbon dioxide is introduced into 100 parts of a solution prepared by dissolving 25.8 parts of barium oxide in 120 parts of 1 O / o water-containing methanol until the heat of reaction has subsided. The resulting white precipitate is filtered off. 55.5 parts of a product are obtained which, as the X-ray and infrared analyzes show, consists neither of barium carbonate, barium bicarbonate nor barium oxide. When standing, this complex slowly gives off carbon dioxide and methanol. The decomposition is accelerated by heat.
The composition of the obtained complex best corresponds to the following formula:
EMI5.2
50 parts of the complex are added to 155 parts of a 50% solution of barium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in a portion of 170 S. S. U. The mixture is stirred vigorously and heated rapidly to 150 ° C. in order to decompose the complex and to distill off the methanol. Centrifugation gives a clear, pale oil-soluble material with a base number of 57.
Example 5
100 parts by volume of a methanolic solution saturated with barium hydroxide, Ba (OH) g-HO, are treated with carbon dioxide until the development of heat of reaction has subsided. The reaction mixture is left to stand, the alcohol is then decanted off and the sludge that remains is added to 70 parts of a solution of 22 / el di-Ct8-bis-C24-alkylbenzenesulfonic acid in an il of 170 pale oil. The mixture is stirred and heated to 160 ° C. to remove methanol. After heating, a pale product with a base number of 56 is obtained.
Example 6
6.4 parts of finely divided calcium hydroxide are suspended in 80 parts of methanol. The mixture is treated with carbon dioxide for about 2 hours under a relative pressure of about 2.1 kglcm2.
The suspension obtained is filtered and the complex is introduced into 95 parts of a 50 fig solution of calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in an oil of 170 S. S. U. (<: 170 pale oib). The mixture is heated rapidly to 150.degree. The product obtained is filtered hot through a filter aid. A clear, pale product with a base number of 90 is obtained.
Example 7
The procedure described in Example 6 is followed, with the exception that the complex is dissolved in 21 parts of a 50% solution of calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in an oil of 170 S. S. U.
(170 pale oit) and 60 parts of benzene enters. The mixture is stirred vigorously and heated quickly to 150 ° C. in order to distill off benzene and methanol.
A pale, clear product with a base number of 250 is obtained.
Example 8
Carbon dioxide is passed into a suspension of 6.4 parts of calcium hydroxide in 80 parts of isopropanol for 2 hours. The suspension obtained, which contains a complex containing calcium, carbon dioxide and isopropanol, is filtered and added to 95 parts of a 50% solution of calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in an 01 of 170 S.U. (170 pale oit). The mixture is heated to 150.degree. Filtering through a filter aid gives a clear, pale product with a base number of 82.
Example 9
33 parts of the solid prepared according to Example 1 are carried into a solution of 50 parts of polyoxyethylene sorbitol 4,5-oleate (branded product Atlas G-2859, Atlas Prowder Company) in 80 parts of an oil of 170 SSU (? 170 pale oib) Calcium carbon dioxide-methanol complex. The mixture is vigorously stirred and heated to 150 ° C. in order to decompose the complex and to distill off methanol. Centrifugation gives a pale, oil-soluble product with a base number of 59.
Example 10
33 parts of the calcium-carbon dioxide-methanol complex prepared according to Example 1 are introduced into a solution of 50 parts of calcium postdodecylbenzenesulfonate in 150 parts of di-2-ethylhexyl azelate. The mixture is vigorously stirred and heated to 150 ° C. in order to decompose the complex and to distill off methanol. A pale, oil-soluble product with a base number of 38 is obtained by centrifuging the reaction mixture obtained.
Example 11
The procedure described in Example 1 is followed, with the exception that anhydrous methanol is used instead of methanol containing 1 / ss of water. The product obtained has a base number of 21.
Example 12
The procedure described in Example 1 is followed, with the exception that 0.5 to water-containing methanol is used instead of 1 / o water-containing methanol. The product obtained has a base number of 21.
From Examples 11 and 12 it can be seen that under conditions under which the alkaline earth oxide is not hydrated or only up to 1 / mole of H 2 O per mole of alkaline earth oxide is hydrated, the base numbers of the products obtained are much smaller than those based on the amount of alkaline earth oxide used could have expected. Example I shows that under conditions under which the alkaline earth oxide is hydrated in a ratio of 1/2 mol of H, O per mol of alkaline earth oxide, the product obtained has the base number expected on the basis of the amount of alkaline earth oxide used.
Example 13
24 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 80 parts of methanol. The suspension is vigorously stirred and 400 parts of a 50% solution of postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an oil of 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oil) are added. The mixture is treated with carbon dioxide for 11/2 hours and then heated to 150 ° C. in order to distill off the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex. After filtering, the product has a base number of 83.
Example 14
5 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 17.5 parts of methanol. The suspension is vigorously stirred and mixed with 40 parts of a 50 loigen solution of postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an oil from 170 S. S. U. (? 170 pale oit) and 42.5 parts of gasoline. Carbon dioxide is blown into the mixture until 5 parts of the latter are absorbed. The resulting mixture is heated to 150 ° C. in order to evaporate the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex. After filtering, the product has a base number of 70 and a calcium content of 4.40 / o and a sulfur content of 3.4 lo.
Similar results are achieved if n-butanol or n-amyl alcohol is used instead of the methanol in Example 14.
Example 15
12 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 44.4 parts of methanol. The suspension is stirred vigorously and 36 parts of a 50% solution of postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an oil of 170 SSU (? 170 pale oil) and 38.4 parts of gasoline are added. Carbon dioxide is blown into the mixture, up to 13.4 parts The reaction mixture is then heated to 150 ° C. in order to evaporate the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex. After filtering, the product has a base number of 190 and contains 7.90% calcium and 3% sulfur.
Example 16
The procedure described in Example 15 is followed, with the exception that the mixture is treated with 20 parts instead of 13.4 parts of carbon dioxide. After filtering, the product has a base number of 255.
Example 17 12 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 44.4 parts of methanol. The suspension is stirred vigorously and 35 parts of a 50% solution of postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an oil of 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oil) and 39.4 parts of gasoline are added. 29 parts of carbon dioxide are blown into the mixture, whereupon the reaction mixture is heated to 150 ° C. in order to evaporate the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex.
After filtering, the product has a base number of 280 and contains 10.3 / o calcium and 2.70 / sulfur.
Example 18
8.2 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 26.5 parts of methanol. The suspension is stirred vigorously and 49.3 parts of a 50% solution of postdodecylbenzenesulphonic acid in an O1 of 170 S. S. U. (170 pale oib) and 62.7 parts of gasoline are added. 20 parts of carbon dioxide are blown into the mixture, whereupon the reaction mixture is heated to 150 ° C. in order to evaporate the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex.
After filtering, the product has a base number of 134 and contains 6.7 calcium and 3.3 lo sulfur.
Example 19
5.5 parts of calcium hydroxide are suspended in 18 parts of methanol. The suspension is stirred vigorously and 49.3 parts of a 50 laigen solution of postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid in an oil from 170 S. S. U. (au70 pale oil) and 62.7 parts of gasoline are added. 13 parts of carbon dioxide are blown into the mixture, whereupon the reaction mixture is heated to 150 ° C. in order to evaporate the solvents and to decompose the calcium complex.
After filtering, the product has a base number of 70 and contains 4.5% calcium and 3.9% sulfur.
Lubricating products were prepared by adding 5 parts of each of the products obtained in Examples 1-8, 10 and 13-19 to 95 parts of a lubricating mixed oil with an SAE number of 30 to which a small amount of a phosphorus pentasulfide-treated wax olefin had been added , were given. Each of the mixtures thus obtained was heated to about 60 ° C. with stirring to obtain homogeneous mixtures.
The lubricating oil products manufactured in this way have been tested in engines that have not yet run. The SAE 30 lubricant used to manufacture these products was also tested in a comparative test. The tests were carried out as follows: Four-cylinder petrol engines (light tractor engines) that had not yet been run in were run on the test bench for 40 hours at a speed of 2500 revolutions per minute and an output of 11.15 hp at an oil temperature of 138 C and a cooling jacket. temperature of 93 ° C. The engines were then dismantled in order to examine their components.
One of the engines was run using the SAE-30 oil containing the phosphorus pentasulfide treated wax olefin. The engines operated using the lubricating oils containing the products according to the invention exhibited less wear than the engine operated using the control lubricating oil.
The postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid used according to the examples was obtained by sulfonating postdodecylbenzene. The various postdodecylbenzenesulfonates were made by neutralizing postdodecylbenzenesulfonic acid.
Postdodecylbenzene contains monoalkylbenzenes and dialkylbenzenes in a ratio of about 2: 3. It has the following specific physical properties: Specific gravity at 380 C: 0.8649 Average molecular weight: 385 Sulphonizable fraction "/ o: 88 A. S. T. M. method.
D-158 Engler distillation Initial boiling point: 342 C
5: 361 C
50: 3790 C
90: 404 C
95: 413 C final boiling point: 415 C refractive index at 23 C: 1, 4900 viscosity at -10 C: 2800 centipoise
20: 280
40: 78
80:18 aniline point: 69 C pour point: -31.7 C
The tests carried out have shown the following:
1. The products with base numbers from about 100 to 130 have an optimal viscosity;
2. Optimal results are obtained when using 84 "/ o Ca (OH) 2 and 24 / o carbon dioxide;
3.
In order to achieve the optimum base number and solubility, the carbonation is preferably carried out at temperatures of about 27 to 32 ° C., and
4. No discernible benefit can be obtained from increasing the weight ratio of alcohol to metal above 6: 1.
Claims (1)
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2401901A1 (en) * | 1977-09-05 | 1979-03-30 | Tokuyama Soda Kk | ORGANIC CARBONATE PREPARATION PROCESS |
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FR2401901A1 (en) * | 1977-09-05 | 1979-03-30 | Tokuyama Soda Kk | ORGANIC CARBONATE PREPARATION PROCESS |
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