CH346726A - Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a preformed and cast-in combustion chamber lining - Google Patents

Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a preformed and cast-in combustion chamber lining

Info

Publication number
CH346726A
CH346726A CH346726DA CH346726A CH 346726 A CH346726 A CH 346726A CH 346726D A CH346726D A CH 346726DA CH 346726 A CH346726 A CH 346726A
Authority
CH
Switzerland
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
chamber lining
piston
cast
light metal
Prior art date
Application number
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Kraemer Wilhelm
Original Assignee
Schmidt Gmbh Karl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schmidt Gmbh Karl filed Critical Schmidt Gmbh Karl
Publication of CH346726A publication Critical patent/CH346726A/en

Links

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0603Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston at least part of the interior volume or the wall of the combustion space being made of material different from the surrounding piston part, e.g. combustion space formed within a ceramic part fixed to a metal piston head
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0633Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space being almost completely enclosed in the piston, i.e. having a small inlet in comparison to its volume
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/02Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition
    • F02B23/06Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston
    • F02B23/0675Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with compression ignition the combustion space being arranged in working piston the combustion space being substantially spherical, hemispherical, ellipsoid or parabolic
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B2275/00Other engines, components or details, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F02B2275/14Direct injection into combustion chamber
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Description

  

  Leichtmetallkolben für     Brennkraftmaschinen    mit einer vorgeformten und eingegossenen       Brennraumauskleidung       Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf Leichtmetallkol  ben für     Brennkraftmaschinen,    deren     Brennraumaus-          kleidung    vorgeformt ist und beim Giessen des Kol  bens in den Boden desselben     miteingegossen    wird.  



  Zur Erzielung eines recht günstigen Brennstoff  verbrauches werden die Brennräume bekanntlich ver  schiedenartig ausgebildet. In der Regel erhalten sie  kugelige Form. Diese Gestalt wird vorzugsweise bei       Dieselmotorkolben    gewählt. Die kugeligen     Brenn-          räume    können gegebenenfalls aber auch abgeflacht  werden und sind dann birnenförmig gestaltet. Die  Anfertigung     derartiger    Brennräume verursacht keine  Schwierigkeiten, wenn der Öffnungsquerschnitt am  Kolbenboden so gross bemessen ist, dass entweder ein  Stahlkern oder auch notfalls ein     Sandkern    unterge  bracht werden kann.  



  Es besteht weiterhin aber auch die     Möglichkeit,     den     Kugelbrennraum    aus Blech anzufertigen, ihn also  vorzuformen und in den Kolbenboden einzugiessen.  Eine solche Ausführung hat den Vorteil, dass sie volu  menmässig vor dem Eingiessen genau     vorbestimmbar     ist.  



  Es wurde nun erkannt, dass die Wandtemperatur  solcher Brennräume die Arbeitsweise des Motors ganz  wesentlich beeinflusst. Der Verbrauch an Brennstoff  und die Art der Verbrennung werden durch die innere  Oberflächentemperatur des Brennraumes massgebend  bestimmt. Die Wandtemperatur der Innenoberfläche  der     Brennraumauskleidung    muss verschieden gross  sein. Sie wird zweckmässig so eingestellt, dass sie sich  zwischen der Bodentemperatur des Kolbens, also der  Temperatur des Kolbenwerkstoffes, und einer Tem  peratur bewegt, die unter Umständen das Zwei- bzw.  Dreifache der letzteren ausmacht.  



  Um den freien     Wärmefluss    von der stark wärme  beaufschlagten Oberfläche der     Brennraumauskleidung       nach dem Kolbeninnern hin zu hemmen bzw. ganz  zu unterbinden, ist es bereits bekannt, einen Luftspalt  oder einen wärmeisolierenden Stoff zwischen einem  nachträglich in den fertiggegossenen Kolbenkörper  eingebrachten Einsatzkörper einerseits und dem Kol  benwerkstoff anderseits vorzusehen.

   Hierdurch ge  lingt es aber nicht, verschieden hohe Temperaturen  in bestimmten Bereichen auf der     Oberfläche    des       Brennraumes    entstehen zu lassen, weil der Spaltraum  überall den gleich grossen Querschnitt     aufweist.    Damit  ist es aber auch nicht möglich, einen vollkommenen  Verbrennungsablauf bei der Verwendung unterschied  licher Brennstoffe zu erreichen.  



  Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass  die     Wandstärke    einer Isolierschicht zwischen der beim  Giessen des Kolbens     miteingegossenen        Brennraum-          auskleidung    und dem Kolbenwerkstoff oder der aus  Isolierstoff selbst bestehenden     Brennraumauskleidung     an verschiedenen Stellen verschieden stark bemessen  ist.

   Die Stärke der Isolierschicht kann für den Fall  der Verwendung einer aus Metall bestehenden, vor  geformten     Brennraumauskleidung    so gewählt werden,  dass sie im oberen Teil Null ist, während sie auf der  Unterseite der     Brennraumauskleidung,    an der Stelle,  an der die Kolbenlängsachse die Auskleidung durch  dringt, den grössten Wert aufweist und bis zu diesem  Betrag von Null aus zunimmt.  



  Die vorgeformte, mit dem Kolben gleichzeitig       einzugiessende        Brennraumauskleidung    kann aus ver  schiedenen Werkstoffen bestehen. Von den metalli  schen Werkstoffen wird in der Regel Kupfer     zu    be  vorzugen sein. Es können aber auch andere metal  lische Werkstoffe Anwendung finden, deren Wärme  leitfähigkeit geringer ist als die des Kolbenwerkstof  fes.

        Um die erwähnte Bedingung zu erfüllen, ist es  zweckmässig, zwischen dem metallischen     Werkstoff     der einzugiessenden     Brennraumauskleidung    einerseits  und dem Kolbenwerkstoff anderseits am oberen     Teil-          des    im Kolbenkörper vorgesehenen Brennraumes eine  einwandfreie stoffliche Bindung herzustellen, damit  die Wärme in diesen Bereichen von der metallischen       Brennraumauskleidung    möglichst schnell an den Kol  benwerkstoff abgeleitet wird.  



  Als Werkstoff für die     Brennraumauskleidung    kann  aber auch ein keramischer Stoff dienen, der selbst  schon eine so kleine Wärmeleitzahl     aufweist,    wie sie  handelsüblich     derartige    Isoliermittel besitzen.  



  Die Zeichnung veranschaulicht zwei Ausführungs  beispiele. Sie zeigt Querschnitte durch einen Kolben  kopf.  



  Im Boden eines Kolbens<I>a</I> ist eine Aushöhlung<I>b</I>  vorgesehen, die zur Aufnahme der Auskleidung c  dient. Die letztere ist entsprechend der Darstellung  nach     Fig.    1 aus einem metallischen Werkstoff, bei  spielsweise aus Kupfer oder einer Eisenlegierung,  hergestellt. Die eigentliche     Brennraumauskleidung    c  ist gegenüber dem Kolbenwerkstoff in bestimmten  Bereichen verschieden stark isoliert. Die Isolierschicht  ist in der     Fig.    1 mit d bezeichnet. Im oberen Teil,  also da, wo die     Öffnung    im Kolbenboden angebracht  ist, befindet sich kein Isolierstoff.

   In diesen Bereichen  ist die vorgeformte metallische     Kugelbrennraumaus-          kleidung    c mit dem metallischen Werkstoff des Kol  bens a fest und innig und möglichst molekular ver  bunden.  



  Die     Fig.    2 veranschaulicht die Anordnung der aus  keramischem Werkstoff e bestehenden kugeligen       Brennraumauskleidung,    die in die hierfür vorgesehene       Ausnehmung   <I>b</I> im Boden des Kolbens<I>a</I>     miteingegos-          sen    wird. Die Auskleidung e weist verschieden grosse  Wandstärken in verschiedenen Bereichen auf.    Dank der beschriebenen Massnahmen ergeben sich  im Betrieb auf der inneren Oberfläche der Ausklei  dung verschiedene Temperaturen.



  Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a preformed and cast-in combustion chamber lining. The invention relates to light metal pistons for internal combustion engines, the combustion chamber lining of which is preformed and is cast into the base of the piston when the piston is cast.



  In order to achieve a very cheap fuel consumption, the combustion chambers are known to be designed in different ways. As a rule, they have a spherical shape. This shape is preferably chosen for diesel engine pistons. The spherical combustion chambers can, however, optionally also be flattened and are then designed in the shape of a pear. The production of such combustion chambers does not cause any difficulties if the opening cross-section on the piston crown is dimensioned so large that either a steel core or, if necessary, a sand core can be accommodated.



  However, there is also the possibility of making the spherical combustion chamber from sheet metal, i.e. preforming it and casting it into the piston crown. Such a design has the advantage that it can be precisely predefined in terms of volume before pouring.



  It has now been recognized that the wall temperature of such combustion chambers has a significant influence on the functioning of the engine. The consumption of fuel and the type of combustion are largely determined by the internal surface temperature of the combustion chamber. The wall temperature of the inner surface of the combustion chamber lining must be different. It is expediently set so that it moves between the bottom temperature of the piston, i.e. the temperature of the piston material, and a temperature which, under certain circumstances, is two or three times that of the latter.



  In order to inhibit or completely prevent the free flow of heat from the highly heated surface of the combustion chamber lining towards the inside of the piston, it is already known to use an air gap or a heat-insulating material between an insert body subsequently introduced into the finished piston body on the one hand and the piston material on the other to be provided.

   As a result, however, it is not possible to create different high temperatures in certain areas on the surface of the combustion chamber because the gap has the same cross-section everywhere. However, this also means that it is not possible to achieve a perfect combustion process when using different fuels.



  The invention solves this problem in that the wall thickness of an insulating layer between the combustion chamber lining cast in during the casting of the piston and the piston material or the combustion chamber lining consisting of insulating material itself is dimensioned differently at different points.

   In the event that a pre-formed combustion chamber lining made of metal is used, the thickness of the insulating layer can be selected so that it is zero in the upper part, while it is on the underside of the combustion chamber lining, at the point where the longitudinal piston axis penetrates the lining , has the greatest value and increases from zero up to this amount.



  The preformed combustion chamber lining, which is to be cast in at the same time as the piston, can be made from different materials. Of the metallic materials, copper will generally be preferred. However, other metallic materials can also be used whose thermal conductivity is lower than that of the piston material.

        In order to fulfill the mentioned condition, it is advisable to establish a perfect material bond between the metallic material of the combustion chamber lining on the one hand and the piston material on the other on the upper part of the combustion chamber provided in the piston body, so that the heat in these areas from the metallic combustion chamber lining as quickly as possible is derived from the piston material.



  However, a ceramic material can also serve as the material for the combustion chamber lining, which itself already has such a low coefficient of thermal conductivity as are commercially available such insulating means.



  The drawing illustrates two execution examples. It shows cross sections through a piston head.



  A cavity <I> b </I> is provided in the bottom of a piston <I> a </I>, which is used to receive the lining c. The latter is made as shown in FIG. 1 from a metallic material, for example from copper or an iron alloy. The actual combustion chamber lining c is insulated to different degrees in certain areas in relation to the piston material. The insulating layer is denoted by d in FIG. 1. There is no insulating material in the upper part, i.e. where the opening is made in the piston crown.

   In these areas, the preformed metallic spherical combustion chamber lining c is firmly and intimately connected with the metallic material of the piston a and as molecularly as possible.



  FIG. 2 illustrates the arrangement of the spherical combustion chamber lining made of ceramic material e, which is also cast into the recess provided for this purpose in the bottom of the piston <I> a </I>. The lining e has wall thicknesses of different sizes in different areas. Thanks to the measures described, different temperatures arise on the inner surface of the lining during operation.

 

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH Leichtmetallkolben für Brennkraftmaschinen mit einer vorgeformten und eingegossenen Brennraumaus- kleidung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wand stärke einer Isolierschicht (d) zwischen der Brenn- raumauskleidung (c) und dem Kolbenwerkstoff oder der aus Isolierstoff selbst bestehenden Brennraumaus- kleidung (e) an verschiedenen Stellen verschieden stark bemessen ist, damit die Temperatur auf der inneren Oberfläche der Brennraumauskleidung (c, e) verschieden gross ist. PATENT CLAIM Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a pre-formed and cast-in combustion chamber lining, characterized in that the wall thickness of an insulating layer (d) between the combustion chamber lining (c) and the piston material or the combustion chamber lining (e) made of insulating material itself is different Places is dimensioned differently so that the temperature on the inner surface of the combustion chamber lining (c, e) is different. UNTERANSPRüCHE 1. Leichtmetallkolben nach Patentanspruch, da durch gekennzeichnet, dass die vorgeformte Brenn- raumauskleidung (c) aus Metall besteht und eine Iso lierung (d) zwischen derselben und dem Kolbenwerk stoff vorgesehen ist, die jedoch nicht bis in den oberen Teil der eingegossenen Brennraumauskleidung (c) reicht, während sie auf der Unterseite derselben in Richtung auf den Punkt, in welchem die Kolbenlängs achse die Auskleidung durchdringt, in ihrer Stärke allmählich wächst. 2. SUBClaims 1. Light metal piston according to claim, characterized in that the preformed combustion chamber lining (c) consists of metal and an insulation (d) is provided between the same and the piston material, but this does not extend into the upper part of the cast-in combustion chamber lining (c) extends while it gradually grows in strength on the underside of the same in the direction of the point at which the longitudinal axis of the piston penetrates the liner. 2. Leichtmetallkolben nach Patentanspruch und Unteranspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an den von der Isolierung freien Stellen eine stoffliche Bindung zwischen der aus einer Eisenlegierung be stehenden, eingegossenen Brennraumauskleidung (c) und dem Werkstoff des Kolbens besteht. 3. Leichtmetallkolben nach Patentanspruch, da durch gekennzeichnet, dass als Isolierstoff für die Brennraumauskleidung (e) ein keramischer Werkstoff dient. Light metal piston according to claim and dependent claim 1, characterized in that there is a material bond between the cast-in combustion chamber lining (c) made of an iron alloy and the material of the piston at the points free of insulation. 3. Light metal piston according to claim, characterized in that a ceramic material is used as an insulating material for the combustion chamber lining (s).
CH346726D 1955-11-05 1956-09-05 Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a preformed and cast-in combustion chamber lining CH346726A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE346726X 1955-11-05

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CH346726A true CH346726A (en) 1960-05-31

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Family Applications (1)

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CH346726D CH346726A (en) 1955-11-05 1956-09-05 Light metal pistons for internal combustion engines with a preformed and cast-in combustion chamber lining

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CH (1) CH346726A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1943864A1 (en) * 1969-08-29 1971-03-18 Elsbett G Method and device for controlling the temperature of parts that are exposed to the heat of the combustion gas in internal combustion engines
DE3516308A1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1986-11-13 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Piston for an internal combustion engine
FR2918114A1 (en) * 2007-06-26 2009-01-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, for motor vehicle, has cavity communicating with chamber through feed tube formed by throat of cavity for permitting removal of fuel by gas passing between chamber and cavity

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1943864A1 (en) * 1969-08-29 1971-03-18 Elsbett G Method and device for controlling the temperature of parts that are exposed to the heat of the combustion gas in internal combustion engines
DE3516308A1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1986-11-13 Daimler-Benz Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Piston for an internal combustion engine
FR2918114A1 (en) * 2007-06-26 2009-01-02 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Internal combustion engine i.e. diesel engine, for motor vehicle, has cavity communicating with chamber through feed tube formed by throat of cavity for permitting removal of fuel by gas passing between chamber and cavity

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