CH329933A

CH329933A - Device for the separation of multi-digit value pairs according to the sign of the respective difference between the value pairs

Info

Publication number: CH329933A
Authority: CH
Inventors: Bilz Wilhelm
Original assignee: Siemens Ag
Priority date: 1953-09-15
Filing date: 1954-09-14
Publication date: 1958-05-15

Description

  

  Vorrichtung zur Trennung von     mehrstelligen        Wertpaaren    nach dem Vorzeichen  der     jeweiligen        Differenz    der Wertpaare    Bei der Erläuterung der Erfindung geht  man am     besten    von einem praktischen Bei  spiel aus. Angenommen,<I>zwei</I> Elektrizitäts  werke A und B - es können auch andere Be  triebe sein - vereinbaren, sich gegenseitig zu  ergänzen und zu unterstützen, um etwa die  Eigenarten ihrer Betriebe - A sei ein Wasser  kraftwerk, B ein Dampfkraftwerk - am wirt  schaftlichsten aufeinander abzustimmen. Die  Werke können sich gegenseitig Strom liefern.

    Es wird aber für jedes Werk Situationen  geben, in denen es wenig leistungsfähig oder  voll ausgenützt ist und in denen es nur bei  erhöhtem Aufwand zusätzlich Strom für das  andere Werk liefern kann. Zu andern Zeiten  mag im einen Werk mehr Strom zur Ver  fügung stehen, als es selbst verbrauchen kann,  und man ist dann froh, wenn ihm in diesen  Zeiten das andere Werk möglichst viel Strom  abnimmt.

   Die beiden Werke werden statistisch  die Verhältnisse möglichst genau erfassen und  untereinander den Eigenarten ihrer Werke  und der Statistik angepasste Tarife für die  Stromlieferung vereinbaren, etwa des Inhaltes,  dass für die einzelnen Tagesstunden, Wochen  tage und Monate bestimmte Sollfahrpläne für  den Energieaustausch     zugrundegelegt    werden,  bei deren Über- oder Unterschreitung Erhö  hungen oder Erniedrigungen des Kilowatt  stundenpreises, Zuschläge oder Abzüge usw.    Platz greifen. Ein solcher Tarif wird bei  spielsweise so durchgeführt, dass man nach  Art der bekannten registrierenden Maximum  zähler den Energieaustausch stündlich oder  viertelstündlich registriert und diese so ge  wonnenen     Istwerte    mit den Sollwerten des  Fahrplanes vergleicht.

   Dies ist nun eine     etwas     umständliche Arbeit. Die     Erfindung    soll sie  erleichtern und vereinfachen. Bei dieser Ar  beit wird es darauf ankommen, die Über  und Unterschreitungen der Sollwerte vonein  ander zu trennen, also die     Istwerte    oder die  zusammengehörigen     Istwert-Sollwertpaare    je  nach dem Vorzeichen der     Ist-Sollwertdifferenz     zu sortieren. Meist wird es genügen, die posi  tiven und die negativen Differenzen der bei  den Werte     zusammenzustellen    und nach Vor  zeichen getrennt zu summieren. Dazu wird  man zwecks Zeitersparnis nach Möglichkeit  auf die vorhandenen Rechenmaschinen zurück  greifen.  



  Die Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung  zur Trennung von mehrstelligen Wertpaaren  nach dem Vorzeichen der jeweiligen Differenz  der Wertpaare, welche Vorrichtung gekenn  zeichnet ist durch eine eine Stromweiche  steuernde     Differenzfeststelleinrichtung,    deren  Empfangsorgane je mit den     Stellwerten    des  einen Wertes des Wertpaares entsprechenden  Strömen von elektrischen Gebern für je einen      Wert des Paares gegensinnig beeinflusst sind,       und    durch elektrische Übertragungsmittel für  die     einzelnen    Stellen dieser Geber, die durch  die genannte Stromweiche je nach Lage der  Feststelleinrichtung auf Überschuss- oder       Unterschussempfänger    umgestellt werden.  



  Die z. B. Ist- und Sollwert liefernden Geber  können dabei nach     einem    Dezimalsystem arbei  ten, also für die Wertangaben die üblichen  mehrstelligen Dezimalzahlen verwenden. Sie  können aber auch nach andern Zahlensystemen  arbeiten. Ein Minimum an Aufwand erhält  man bei einer Arbeitsweise nach einem Dual  zahlensystem, weil es hier nur die Zahlen Eins  und Null gibt und infolgedessen mit     einfachen          Schwarz-Weiss-Schaltungen,    also einfachen Re  lais und Schaltern gearbeitet werden kann.       Nun    sind aber mehrstellige Dualzahlen ohne  Hilfsmittel nicht ablesbar.

   Man hat deshalb  schon früher einen Kompromiss gemacht und  Dezimalzahlen verwendet, bei denen aber     die     einzelnen Stellen durch vierstellige     Dualzahlen     oder ein anderes     Schwarz-Weiss-System    wie  dergegeben werden.     Vierstellige    Dualzahlen  lassen sich nach     einiger    Übung leicht ablesen.  Dieser Kompromiss ist insofern günstig, als das  Arbeiten mit einem gemischten     Dezimal-Dual-          zahlensystem    nur unbedeutend mehr Mittel er  fordert als das nach einem reinen Dualzahlen  system. Die später erläuterten Beispiele setzen  ein solches gemischtes Zahlensystem voraus.  



  Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele des     Erfindungs-          gegenstandeswerden    an Hand der Zeichnung  näher erläutert       Fig.1    zeigt einen Lochstreifen mit nach  einem solchen gemischten System gelochten  Ist- oder Sollwerten,       Fig.    2 im- Schnitt schematisch eine     Abtast-          vorrichtung    für einen solchen Streifen,       Fig.    3 zwecks Erläuterung eine verein  fachte, nur eine Dezimalstelle berücksich  tigende     Trennvorrichtung,          Fig.4    in der Schaltung ein praktisches  Ausführungsbeispiel für mit drei Dezimal  stellen arbeitende Vorrichtungen,

         Fig.    5 eine dazugehörige Schaltwalze und       Fig.    6 eine Variante zu     Fig.    4.    Zum Registrieren werden Lochstreifen Z,       Fig.    1, verwendet. Ein solcher Streifen hat an  beiden Rändern zum Transport dienende Loch  reihen L, dann folgen von aussen her Kolonnen ;       Kt    für die Zeitmarken und dann von links  nach rechts je eine Kolonne     K100    für die Hun  derterstelle,     K10    für die Zehnerstelle und     K1     für die Einerstelle einer Dezimalzahl.

   Jede  dieser Kolonnen hat vier Unterkolonnen e bis  h     entsprechend    der vierstelligen     Dualzahl.     Ein Loch 1 in der Kolonne     K100    und in der  Kolonne e bedeutet 800, in der Kolonne f 400,  in der Kolonne g 200, in der Kolonne h 100.  Entsprechendes gilt für die Kolonnen     K10    und  K1. Die Löcher der Zeile     xlA    geben also die  Zahl 111, die der Zeile     BB    die Zahl 234, die  Löcher der Zeile c die Zahl 567     -Wieder    usw.  Solche Zeilen werden beispielsweise jeweils  nach Ablauf einer halben Stunde von einem  den Arbeitsaustausch überwachenden Zähler  gestanzt.

   Nach Ablauf .eines Verrechnungs  abschnittes,     beispielsweise    eines Monats, wer  den die Streifen abgeschnitten und ausge  wertet. Ein solcher Streifen enthält also die       Istwerte.    Er wird dem     Istwertgeber    einer im  folgenden beschriebenen Trennvorrichtung zu  geführt, der ein     Abtastgerät    T,     Fig.2,    mit  einer entsprechenden Anzahl von     Tastschal-          tern    800 enthält. Ein solcher Schalter gibt  Kontakt, wenn er auf ein Loch 1 des Streifens  trifft und gibt keinen Kontakt, wenn der  Streifen an der betreffenden Stelle ungelockt  ist.

   Die Streifen werden schrittweise oder  gleichförmig durch die     Tastvorrichtung    T hin  durchbewegt.  



  Der Einfachheit halber werden auch für  den     Sollwertgeber    solcher Streifen gestanzt.  Dies bringt den Vorteil, dass das     Sollwertpro-          gramm    jeweils leicht     herstellbar    und auswech  selbar ist und dass für den     Sollwertgeber    die  gleichen Bauteile wie für den     Istwertgeber    ver  wendet werden können. Ausserdem ist ein sol  ches Programm übersichtlich und leicht ab  lesbar. Natürlich könnte der     Sollwertgeber     stattdessen auch mit     Nockenscheiben,    Walzen  oder dergleichen arbeiten.  



  Bei der     Fig.    3 ist nun der Einfachheit  halber angenommen, dass nur mit einstelligen           gebenenfalls    aufeinanderfolgenden     \nagen,        -von     verschiedenen Monaten, Jahreszeiten, von ver  schiedenen Jahren miteinander vergleichen und       Überschu.ss    und Unterschuss feststellen. Ebenso  kann eine erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung  unter Umständen auch als Steuergerät ausge  bildet sein, um z. B.     Fahrplanabweichungen     eines im Verbund arbeitenden Kraftwerkes  auf ein Minimum     einzuregeln.    Es braucht  dann nur entsprechend der jeweiligen Dif  ferenz nach der Plus- oder Minusseite ge  regelt zu werden.

   Als     Istwerte    sind in. diesem  Fall die jeweiligen Durchschnittswerte für  eine Regelperiode zu betrachten.



  Device for separating multi-digit pairs of values according to the sign of the respective difference between the pairs of values. In explaining the invention, it is best to start from a practical example. Let us assume that <I> two </I> electricity companies A and B - they could also be other companies - agree to complement and support each other, for example to reflect the peculiarities of their companies - A is a hydropower plant, B a steam power plant - to be coordinated as economically as possible. The plants can supply each other with electricity.

    For each plant, however, there will be situations in which it is inefficient or fully utilized and in which it can only provide additional electricity for the other plant with increased effort. At other times there may be more electricity available in one plant than it can use itself, and one is happy when the other plant uses as much electricity as possible during these times.

   The two plants will statistically record the relationships as precisely as possible and agree among themselves to the characteristics of their plants and the statistics adapted tariffs for the supply of electricity, for example the content that certain target schedules for the energy exchange are based on the individual hours of the day, days of the week and months Exceeding or falling short of increases or decreases in the kilowatt hour price, surcharges or deductions, etc. take place. Such a tariff is carried out, for example, in such a way that the energy exchange is registered hourly or quarter-hourly according to the type of known registering maximum counter and these actual values obtained in this way are compared with the target values of the schedule.

   Now this is a somewhat cumbersome job. The invention is intended to facilitate and simplify them. In this work, it will be important to separate the overshoots and undershoots of the setpoints from one another, i.e. to sort the actual values or the associated actual value-setpoint pairs according to the sign of the actual-setpoint difference. In most cases it will be sufficient to compile the positive and negative differences between the values and add them up separately according to the sign. In order to save time, the existing calculating machines will be used whenever possible.



  The invention relates to a device for separating multi-digit pairs of values according to the sign of the respective difference between the pairs of values, which device is characterized by a differential detection device controlling a current switch, the receiving organs of which each correspond to currents from electrical transmitters for one with the control values of one value of the pair of values Value of the pair are influenced in opposite directions, and by electrical transmission means for the individual points of these transmitters, which are switched to excess or deficit receivers by the aforementioned current switch, depending on the position of the locking device.



  The z. B. The actual and setpoint delivering encoder can work according to a decimal system, so use the usual multi-digit decimal numbers for the values. But you can also work according to other number systems. A minimum of effort is obtained when working according to a dual number system, because there are only the numbers one and zero and as a result, you can work with simple black and white circuits, so simple relays and switches. However, multi-digit binary numbers cannot be read without aids.

   A compromise was therefore made earlier and decimal numbers were used, but the individual digits are represented by four-digit binary numbers or another black-and-white system. Four-digit binary numbers can be read off easily after some practice. This compromise is favorable insofar as working with a mixed decimal binary number system requires only insignificantly more resources than working with a pure binary number system. The examples explained below assume such a mixed number system.



  Two exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. FIG. 1 shows a perforated strip with actual or setpoint values perforated according to such a mixed system, FIG. 2 shows a schematic section of a scanning device for such a strip, FIG. 3 for the purpose Explanation of a simplified separating device that only takes one decimal place into account, FIG. 4 shows a practical exemplary embodiment in the circuit for devices operating with three decimal places,

         FIG. 5 shows an associated shift drum and FIG. 6 shows a variant of FIG. 4. Punched strips Z, FIG. 1, are used for registration. Such a strip has rows of holes L on both edges for transport, followed by columns from the outside; Kt for the time stamps and then from left to right one column each K100 for the hundreds digit, K10 for the tens and K1 for the ones digit of a decimal number.

   Each of these columns has four sub-columns e to h corresponding to the four-digit binary number. A hole 1 in column K100 and in column e means 800, in column f 400, in column g 200, in column h 100. The same applies to columns K10 and K1. The holes in line xlA therefore give the number 111, those in line BB the number 234, the holes in line c the number 567 - again, etc. Such lines are punched, for example, after half an hour by a counter monitoring the exchange of work.

   After a billing section, for example a month, who cut the strips and evaluates them. Such a strip therefore contains the actual values. It is fed to the actual value transmitter of a separating device described below, which contains a scanning device T, FIG. 2, with a corresponding number of touch switches 800. Such a switch makes contact when it encounters a hole 1 in the strip and makes no contact when the strip is not curled at the point in question.

   The strips are moved through the sensing device T stepwise or uniformly.



  For the sake of simplicity, such strips are also punched for the setpoint generator. This has the advantage that the setpoint program can be easily produced and exchanged, and that the same components can be used for the setpoint generator as for the actual value generator. In addition, such a program is clear and easy to read. Of course, the setpoint generator could also work with cam disks, rollers or the like instead.



  In FIG. 3, for the sake of simplicity, it is now assumed that only with single-digit possibly successive days, of different months, seasons, of different years, compare with each other and determine surplus and deficit. Likewise, a device according to the invention may also be formed out as a control device to, for. B. to regulate schedule deviations of a power plant working in a network to a minimum. It then only needs to be regulated according to the respective difference on the plus or minus side.

   In this case, the actual values are the respective average values for a control period.

Claims

PATENT CLAIM Device for separating multi-digit pairs of values according to the sign of the respective difference between the pairs of values, characterized by a differential detection device (D) which controls a current switch (s or Su, Sü) and whose receiving organs each use the control values of one value of the pair corresponding currents from electrical sensors (S, J) for each value of the pair are sensibly influenced, and by electrical transmission means (G1) for the individual positions (1, 2, 4, 8) of these sensors (S, J), which by the mentioned current switch (s) depending on the position of the locking device (D) on excess (E +)

or deficit reception (E-). ÜNTTERALNTSPRÜCHE 1. Device according to patent claim, characterized in that the transmitters (J, S) enter actual and setpoint values in decimal numbers, the positions of which are represented by four-digit binary numbers, and that a differential relay (D100, D10 , D1, Fig. 4) with three switch positions (z, y, x) each, the contacts (z, Fig. 4) allocated to the first switch position with an auxiliary relay (S) for actuating the current switch (s)

connected and the contacts (x) assigned to the third switching position are empty contacts, while the respective contact (y) of the differential relay (e.g. D100) corresponding to the middle switching position is connected to the movable contact (k) of the differential relay (D10) lower digit level is connected. 2.

Apparatus according to patent claim, characterized in that the transmitters (J, S) enter actual and setpoint values in decimal numbers, the positions of which are represented by four-digit binary numbers, and that each decimal position has a differential relay (D100, D10 , D1, Fig. 4) each with three switching positions (z, y, x) is assigned, the contacts assigned to the first switching position (z, Fig:

4) with a first auxiliary relay for actuating the current switch (s) and the contacts (x) assigned to the third switching position are connected to a second auxiliary relay for switching the current switch (s) in opposite directions, while the contact corresponding to the middle switch position ( y) of a differential relay (z. B. D100) with the movable union contact (k) of the differential relay (D10) 'is connected to the lower level. 3.

Device according to dependent claim 1, characterized in that the lines (G1, Fig.3) corresponding to the individual binary digits are connected to the relevant differential relay side via resistors (W) and that these resistors are reciprocal to the assigned places of the binary number. 4th

Device according to dependent claim 1, characterized by a switching device (P2 to P4, P6 to P8, Fig. 4), which one after the other the conductor groups assigned to the individual decimal places (G100, G10, G1) of the four-digit binary numbers after setting the current switch ( s) switches through the differential relay set (D) to an intermediate receiver (H) containing only four receiving relays (R1, R2, R4; RS), which via the mentioned current switch (s) with two main receivers (E -f-, E-), e.g.

B. calculating machines are connected, which switch to the next position accordingly after entering the one place value. device 2 ', i.e. if all buttons make contact, the number 09 is accidentally passed on, because as soon as R4 is activated in addition to RS and R1, switch r42 interrupts the line to contacts 09, or in other words, if the sum number of digits of the binary number exceeds nine, no power is sent to the receivers.

The current switch s,: which is actuated by the relay S, switches to the receivers E -I- and E- as in FIG. The receivers are, for example, commercially available computing machines which also have a contact p for positive addition, a contact m for negative values (subtraction) and a contact r for actuating a printing device or the like. The printed values can also be summed up. Since such calculating machines are known, they will not be explained in more detail here.

The contacts p, m,. r are controlled by switches P5, P9, P10. P1 is an interrupt switch that remains open until the switches of the converter Ü are set when the individual numbers are entered. Now you have to imagine that after the actual value and setpoint markings have started, all processes run automatically. So the strips are automatically switched on, etc.

It should be superfluous to explain the complete automatic mode, but only the sequential operation of the mentioned switches will be described with reference to FIG. 5, which shows the development of a control drum for switches P1 to P10 and is motor-driven. With every revolution of this control roller, the stripes are also incremented. First the switch P2 is closed. This connects the line group G100 with the intermediate receiver H.

In the meantime, the differential relay set D has compared the actual and setpoint values and switched the switch s accordingly. By closing switch P2, the hundreds of decimal places of the actual value are entered into one of the two calculating machines E; - or E- as soon as switch P1 is closed. The switch P3 is then closed. As a result, the tens of the actual value is entered into a calculating machine again after the switch P1 has closed. The units place of the actual value is also entered by closing switch P4.

Then, by closing switch P5, the computer in question is informed that it is a plus value. Corresponding processes are then repeated for the setpoint generator S by successively closing switches P6 to P8. The three digits of the setpoint are entered into the calculating machine. The calculating machine is then informed by closing switch P9 that this setpoint should be withdrawn. Then, by closing switch P10, the calculating machine is prompted to calculate the difference and register. Then the stripes are advanced one more step and the game repeats itself again.

Fig. 6 shows yet another circuit for the switches d100, d10, dl of the differential relay set D. Here the contacts x are connected to a relay Su and the contacts z to a relay Sii. u means shortfall, ü means excess. These two relays now actuate the current switch, which is divided into two contactors. The contact y of D1 can be connected to a special relay So that carries out any switching which indicates on the registration that the actual and setpoint values match. Numerous variants are of course possible.

But the exemplary embodiment shown in Fig. 4 shows a preferred variant that comes with a minimum of effort, although it is the implementation of relatively complex functions. Any comparison figures can of course be used as actual and target values. So you can z. B. the measured values from two different days, decimal numbers are used, ie with the numbers 0 to 9, but these numbers are represented by four-digit binary numbers. These are in actual value encoder J. four positions are assigned to buttons 1, 2, 4, 8.

If you leave out the dashed set of switches P4 for the time being, these buttons are connected to the receiver E - via a current switch s in the position shown, after the switch to the receiver E -I-. The receiver E- records the actual values when they are below the respective target value, the receiver E -h when they are above the target value. A line group GL is used to transmit the currents from the actual value transmitter J to the receivers. The switch s is operated by a relay S which is connected to a contact x of a differential relay D.

The contacts y and z, which play a role in the example of FIG. 4, are empty contacts here. The movable contact k is in the equilibrium position of the Rdlais on the contact y. One half of the magnet winding Dl of the differential relay D is connected via a resistance set W to the line group Gl, namely the sizes of these resistances are the values of the binary numbers scanned by the switches 1 to 8 rezi prok. As a result, the resistance W1, which is located on the button 1, eight times, the resistance W2 of the button 2 four times, the resistance W4 of the button 4 twice as large as the counter was W8.

As a result, each of the resistors, provided that the voltage on the network N is kept constant, carries a current proportional to the value of the binary numbers. The resistors are also kept so large that the relays El to E8 of the Emp catcher E 'also work properly when, for example, with the push button switch 8 closed, through the resistors W4, W2, Wl through the non-switched conductors of the group G1 currents to the Receiving relay EI -I-- etc. of the receiver E flow. However, with direct current operation of the device, this influence can be prevented from the outset in a simple manner by switching on valves in the lines of the resistor set W, as indicated at V.

As a result of the resistance measurement described, the left half of the winding Dl holds a current corresponding to the respective actual value. The arrangement is also made on the setpoint generator side. The other half of the winding Dl therefore receives a current corresponding to the setpoint value. The windings counteract each other. If the actual and setpoint values are the same, then contact k of switch dl is on contact y, the actual value predominates on contact x and the setpoint on contact z predominates.

When the actual value predominates, the relay S is switched on and switches the current switch s on the receiver E -I-. The receiving relays EI -h to E8 -I- are now switched according to the positions of the pushbutton switches 1 to 8 of the setpoint generator J and actuate a printing, punching or computing device in a well-known manner, so that the setpoint increases The actual value is somehow recorded in the receiver E -f-. If the target value now predominates, then the contact k is placed on the contact z.

This switches off the relay and the switch s returns to the position shown. Since the receiver E- is activated. If the actual and setpoint values are the same, the contact k is on contact y, and the relevant actual value is also registered on the receiver. You could of course also register E -f- on the receiver if you connect the contacts x and y to one another. But this consideration does not play a role in the simplified example of FIG. 3.

Assuming E -f- and E- are the recipients of two calculating machines that form the difference between the actual and nominal value, then the actual value must be entered into the respective calculating machine first, followed by the nominal value. A switching device not presented in detail performs the scarf processing on difference formation; the difference is then recorded on a strip, for example, or the two computing machines simply add up the differences, separated according to the sign.

For this case, the arrangement also contains switches P4 and P8, which, after setting the current switch s, first switch the actual value transmitter J, then the setpoint transmitter S temporarily to the relevant receiver. After this explanation of the simplified example according to FIG. 3, the example according to FIG. 4 is readily understandable. Corresponding parts are given the same reference numerals in both cases.

In addition to the four pushbutton switches 1 to 8 for column K1 of the perforated strip according to FIG. 1, the actual value transmitter now has two further groups of four pushbutton switches 10 to 80 and 100 to 800 for columns K10 and K100 . The same applies to the setpoint generator. Furthermore, instead of a line group G1, the two encoders now also have the other line groups G10 and G100,

The three differential relays D100, D10, D1 are switched on via three equal sets of resistors W. The switches d100, d10, d1 of the differential relay set D have empty contacts x. The contacts z are connected to the switch relay S. The center contact y of d100 is with the moving contact k of d10, the center contact y of the switch d10 with the moving contact k of the switch d1 connected. The y- contact of the switch dl can be connected to the switch relay S or an empty contact. It should be advisable to explain the mode of operation of the differential relay set here.

If the actual and nominal value are the same, then the contacts k are in the position shown. If one decimal place of the actual value is larger than the corresponding one of the setpoint and the other decimal places are equal to each other, then the contact k is set to the contact z for the relevant decimal place, and the switch relay S is switched on. The same applies if several places in the actual value are greater than the corresponding places in the setpoint.

If the hundreds and tens of the actual and setpoint are the same, but the one of the actual value is greater than that of the setpoint, then contact k of switch d1 is set to contact z, while the corresponding contacts of switch d100 and d10 stay on contact y. Also then the relay S is switched on for the current soft. The same applies to other deviations from the actual and setpoint values.

Relay S is always switched on when the actual value is greater than the setpoint value, otherwise it is switched off, because one of the movable contacts k then crosses over to the idle contact x and thus interrupts the current path for relay S.

In order to obtain the simplest possible receiving device and to be able to use the usual calculating machines working according to a normal decimal system for the formation of differences and for adding up the differences, the actual and setpoint generators work on an intermediate receiver H with only four receiving relays R1, R2 , R4 and R8. This is possible by switching the individual line groups to the intermediate receiver H alternately for the actual and setpoint generator, i.e. the line groups G100, G10, G1 through switches P2 to P4 and P6 to PS.

The intermediate receiver contains a device U for converting the four-digit binary numbers into one-digit decimal numbers. This converter be available from a number of flow switches, which are arranged approximately like a pyramid. The switch r80 is switched by the relay R8, the switches r20 to r23 by the relay R2. The first digit of the designation always points to the corresponding relay.

As you can easily convince yourself, when the various relays respond, the switches are always set in such a way that the corresponding decimal number is obtained, which is then sent to the individual reception contacts 00 to 09 of the receiver E -I via switch P1 and the current switch - and E- is supplied. The switch R42 is intended to prevent that after the perforated strip Z, FIG.

Device according to dependent claim 4, characterized in that between the intermediate receiver (H, Fig.4) and the current soft (s) a conversion device (U) for converting binary numbers into decimal is switched on and that the main receiver (E -I- and E-) use the normal decimal system.