CA3218308A1 - A clamp and a method of clamping a pair of flanges - Google Patents

Abstract

A ring-shaped clamp and a method of using same, wherein the ring-shaped clamp is arranged to encircle and hold together a pair of mating flanges of two inter-connectable elements, wherein a body is provided with a throughgoing centre opening arranged to accom-modate the mating flanges, a groove is formed inside and being configured for holding a number of clamping dogs and a number of radially displaceable parking dogs, wherein each of the clamping dogs are provided with a pair of opposing, first slanted flange supporting flats arranged to supportingly rest on a portion of remote first flange periphery edges of the mating flanges, and each of the parking dogs are provided with one protrusion arranged to sup-portingly rest on a portion of one of the flanges when being in the active second position.

Description

A CLAMP AND A METHOD OF CLAMPING A PAIR OF FLANGES
The invention concerns a ring-shaped clamp arranged to encircle and hold togeth-er a pair of mating flanges of two inter-connectable elements. The invention also concerns a method for clamping a pair of flanges.
In the industry operating flow lines designed for high pressure fluids, e.g.
the oil and gas industry, the use of flanged conduit component is widely used. The so-called API (American Petroleum Institute) flanges have been used for decades, defining dimension standards for flanges and corresponding clamps used to con-nect and secure the flange couplings.
The clamp according to the invention is particularly suitable for clamping a pair of so-called API Hubs, such as a pair of API 1 6A Hubs, which is a type of flange without bolt holes through a face of the flange. However, the clamp according to the invention may also be used for flanges provided with bolt holes. Thus, in this document the term "flange" includes an API Hub.
An API clamp is made of two identical semi-circular sections provided with ade-quate coupling details. The API flange and clamp system is often used in well-heads of hydrocarbon wells, wherein the mostly used conduit diameters are 13/"

and 1 83/4". The clamps suitable for such dimensions are heavy, and the assembly of a clamp about a pair of opposing flanges is demanding. Still a challenge is the lack of axial space about a flange connection, hindering the access of installation tools.
The invention has for its object to remedy or to reduce at least one of the draw-backs of the prior art, or at least provide a useful alternative to prior art.

2 The object is achieved through features, which are specified in the description be-low and in the claims that follow. The invention is defined by the independent pa-tent claims. The dependent claims define advantageous embodiments of the in-vention.
It has been realised that a ring-shaped clamp can be provided, wherein a ring-shaped body is provided with a throughgoing axial centre opening arranged to ac-commodate a pair of opposing flanges of components to be interconnected. A
groove is formed inside the body and is arranged co-axial with the centre opening.
A number of groups of clamping segments are located in the groove, the groups of clamping segments being separated by parking segments. The clamping seg-ments and the parking segments are radially displaceable in the groove.
Prefera-bly, end flats of the clamping segments and the parking segments are supported by opposing sidewalls of the groove.
In what follows, the clamping segments and the parking segments are denoted clamping dogs and parking dogs, respectively.
In a first aspect, the invention relates more particularly to a ring-shaped clamp ar-ranged to encircle and hold together a pair of mating flanges of two inter-connectable elements, wherein the ring-shaped clamp comprises a body provided with a throughgoing centre opening arranged to accommodate the pair of mating zo flanges, and the body comprises a groove formed inside the body, the groove co-axially facing the centre opening.
The groove holds a number of clamping dogs arranged in groups, wherein adja-cent groups of the clamping dogs are separated by a parking dog, each of the clamping dogs and each of the parking dogs being radially displaceable between a passive first position, and an active second position, each of the clamping dogs are provided with a pair of opposing, first slanted flange supporting flats arranged to supportingly rest on a portion of remote first flange periphery edges of the mating flanges when being in the active second po-sition, and each of the parking dogs are provided with one protrusion arranged to sup-portingly rest on a portion of one of the flanges when being in the active second

3 position.
Each of the clamping dogs and the parking dogs may be radially displaceable by individual linear actuators provided in the body. An effect of this is that the dis-placement of the dogs can be set individually for each dog. g The clamping dogs may be arranged in at least two, preferably three, groups.
An effect of arranging the clamping dogs in three groups is that the three parking dogs separating the groups of clamping dogs form a tripod providing a load applied to the parking dogs being equalized. Preferably, the groups comprise an equal num-ber of clamping dogs.
The groove may comprise parallel sidewalls arranged to provide axial support to the clamping dogs and the parking dogs. An effect of this is that the dogs are pre-cisely guided during the displacement and provides an axial support for the dogs when subject to axial forces when being in their active second position.
Each parking dog may comprise a second flange supporting flat that may be slanted and arranged to supportingly rest on a portion of the first flange periphery edge of one of the flanges. An effect of this is that the centre axis of the clamp can be adjusted to coincide with the centre axis of the connected element.
Each of the clamping dogs and the parking dogs may be radially displaceable by individual linear actuators formed by screws engaging with internal threads in radi-al bores provided in the body. An effect of this is that the clamping can be per-formed with the use of standard tools.
Alternatively, the screws may engage with internal threads in replaceable sleeves arranged in radial bores provided in the body. An effect of this is that any damaged threads can be easily repaired by replacement of components.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the linear actuators may comprise fluid operated actuators, typically hydraulically operated pistons, configured for displacing the dogs between their active and passive positions. The hydraulically operated pistons may be configured for being operated in groups of at least two.
The fluid operated actuators may be operated via a control system. For safety rea-sons, the fluid operated actuators may be provided with a mechanical locking sys-

4 tern to prevent unintended release of the parking dogs and the clamping dogs when these are in their active second position.
The linear actuators may comprise T-shaped end portions arranged to engage with respective T-slots provided in the clamping dogs and parking dogs.
Each parking dog may be connected to two identical linear actuators. An effect of this is that a prescribed position of the parking dogs relative the axial direction of the clamp body may be obtained throughout the displacement of the parking dogs.
Each parking dog may be provided with one or more end stoppers arranged to define the inwardly radial displacement of the parking dog. An effect of this is that a precise displaced position of the parking dogs is obtained without an accurate operation of the parking dogs.
In a second aspect, the invention relates more particularly to a method for clamp-ing a first flange forming part of a first element, to a second flange forming part of a second element, wherein the method comprises the steps:
a) providing a clamp according to the first aspect of the invention and arrang-ing all clamping dogs and parking dogs in their passive first position, b) orienting the clamp so that the protrusion of each parking dog is facing the flange to be gripped by the parking dog, C) joining the clamp and the element comprising the flange to be gripped by the parking dogs by entering the flange into a centre opening of the body, d) radially displacing the parking dogs to bring the protrusion of the parking dogs to supportingly rest on a portion of the first flange, e) connecting the first element and the second element by entering the other one of the flanges into the centre opening of the clamp body, thereby mating the first flange and the second flange, and f) radially displacing the clamping dogs to engagement of first slanted flange supporting flats of the clamping dogs with the remote first flange periphery edges of the mating flanges.
By reversing the steps of the installation, the clamp may be released from the pair of flanges.

5 The radial displacement of the parking dogs and the clamping dogs may be pro-vided by operating individual linear actuators provided in the body. An effect of this is that the displacement of the dogs can be set individually for each dog.
The radial displacement of each parking dog may be provided by operating a sec-ond linear actuator and a third linear actuator to obtain a prescribed position throughout the displacement. An effect of this is that the prescribed position of the parking dogs relative the axial direction of the clamp body may be obtained throughout the displacement of the parking dogs.
In the following is described examples of preferred embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows in perspective view a valve tree configuration connected to a valve head, wherein several clamps according to the invention are installed and an upper valve tree section is in a position to be con-nected;
Fig. 2 shows the clamp according to the invention with parking dogs and clamping dogs in an activated state;
Fig. 3 shows a partly through-cut of the clamp according to the invention in an idle state;
Fig. 4 shows a partly through-cut of the clamp with parking dogs in an acti-vated state;
Fig. 5 shows a partly through-cut of the clamp with parking dogs and clamping dogs in an activated state;
Fig. 6 shows in larger scale an axial section through a clamp body at a clamping dog;
Fig. 7 shows an axial section through a clamp body at a parking dog;
Fig. 8 shows an axial section through an alternative embodiment of a clamp body at a clamping dog; and

6 Fig. 9 shows an axial section through an alternative embodiment of a clamp body at a parking dog.
Any positional indications refer to the position shown in the figures.
In the figures, same or corresponding elements are indicated by same reference numerals. For clarity reasons, some elements may in some of the figures be with-out reference numerals.
A person skilled in the art will understand that the figures are just principal draw-ings. The relative proportions of individual elements may also be distorted.
The terms "axial" and "radial" and similar terms are related to the axial and radial directions of a centre opening of the clamp unless distinctly emphasized.
In figure 1 a stack of two elements 2a, 2b is held together by clamps 1 encircling opposing flanges (not shown) integrated in each of said elements 2a, 2b and form-ing a stack on a third element 2c, which may form an upper portion of a wellhead or the like. An additional element 2 is prepared for being connected to an upper flange 21a of the stack. An additional clamp 1 has been pre-connected to a lower flange 21 of said additional element 2. This pre-connection of the additional clamp is achieved by bringing parking dogs 13 from a passive position to an active posi-tion after enclosing the lower flange 21 by the additional clamp 1, as will be ex-plained in more details below.
zo It is now referred to figure 2, 3, 4 and 5 wherein a clamp 1 is shown in more de-tails. The clamp 1 comprises a ring-shaped clamp body 11 with a through centre opening 113. Between a first end portion 111 and a second end portion 112 of the clamp body 11 a groove 114 (see figure 3, 4 and 5) is provided inside the clamp body 11 co-axially with the centre opening 113, the groove 114 facing the centre opening 113.
The groove 114 holds several groups of clamping dogs 12, wherein adjacent groups of clamping dogs 12 are separated by a parking dog 13. The number of clamping dogs 12 may depend on the diameter of the flanges 21, 21a to be con-nected. In a prototype of a clamp 1 configured for an element 2 with a standard 135/8" centre opening, the clamp 1 is provided with a total number of eighteen

7 clamping dogs 12. In the prototype, the number of parking dogs 13 is three, there-by forming three groups of clamping dogs 12 as shown here for 135/8" element centre opening. However, the number of clamping dogs 12 may be more than or less than the eighteen shown, for example twelve, fifteen, twenty-one, when three parking dogs 13 are used as shown, and equal groups of clamping dogs 12 are desired. To facilitate correct alignment between the flange 21 first entering the clamp 1 and the clamp 1 itself, at least three parking dogs 13 is preferred.
It is now referred to figures 6 and 7. The groove 114 is formed with a bottom 114a and two opposing, parallel sidewalls 114b extending perpendicularly from the bot-tom 114a to the centre opening 113 of the clamp body 11.
Each clamping dog 12 is formed to supportingly grip over a portion of first flange periphery edges 211 (see fig. 1) of two adjacent flanges 21, 21a by end portions of a radially inwardly facing lateral side 121 being provided with two opposing protru-sions 123 forming first flange supporting flats 123a slanting from said lateral side 121 towards an end portion 123b of each protrusion 123. End flats 122 of each clamping dog 12 is configured for slidingly abutting against the groove sidewalls 114b so that the clamping dogs 12 are supported by the groove sidewalls 114b.
A radially outwardly facing lateral side 124 of the clamping dog 12 is facing the groove bottom 114a and is provided with an actuator engaging portion 124a, here zo shown as a T-slot.
A first linear actuator 14 is provided for each clamping dog 12 and being arranged to radially displace the respective clamping dog 12 within the groove 114 between a passive or retracted first position as shown in figures 3 and 4, and an active or extended position as shown in figures 2, 5, 6, and 8. Said first linear actuator 14 is in the embodiment shown a first screw engaging with internal threads 115a of a first actuator bore 115 extending between the groove bottom 114a and the periph-ery of the clamp body 11. The first linear actuator 14 is engaging with the actuator engaging portion 124a of the clamping dog 12, here shown as a T-shaped end portion 141 of the first screw 14 engaging with the T-slot 124a of the clamping dog 12.
In fig. 3 are the parking dogs 13 and the clamping dogs 12 shown in the retracted

8 or passive first position wherein the dogs 12, 13 fully accommodated within the clamp body 11. However, it should be noted that the dogs 12, 13 does not have to be fully accommodated within the clamp body 11 when being in the passive first positions. It is sufficient that the dogs 12, 13 are retracted to an extent that allows passing of the flanges 21, 21a (see fig. 1).
Each parking dog 13 (see figure 7) is formed to supportingly rest on a portion of one of the two adjacent flanges 21, 21a to be connected by a first end portion of a radially inwardly facing lateral side 131 being provided with one protrusion forming a second flange supporting flat 133a extending from the lateral side towards an end portion133b of the protrusion 133. End flats 132 of each parking dog 13 is configured for slidingly abutting against the groove sidewalls 114b so that the parking dog 13 is supported by the groove sidewalls 114b.
In a preferred embodiment the second flange supporting flat 133a is slanting from said lateral side 131 towards the end portion 133b of the protrusion 133.
In a preferred embodiment a slanted end portion 134 is provided at the radially inwardly facing lateral side 131 opposite the protrusion 133.
A radially outwardly facing lateral side 135 of the parking dog 13 is facing the groove bottom 114a and is provided with an actuator engaging portion 135a, here shown as a T-slot.
A second linear actuator 15 is provided for each parking dog 13, arranged to radi-ally displace the respective parking dog 13 within the groove 114 between a pas-sive or retracted first position as shown in fig. 3, and an active or extended position as shown in figures 2, 5, 7, and 9. Said second linear actuator 15 is preferably a second screw engaging with internal threads 116a of a second actuator bore 116 extending between the groove bottom 114a of the groove 114, and to the periph-ery of the clamp body 11. The second linear actuator 15 is engaging with the actu-ator engaging portion 135a of the parking dog 13, here shown as a T-shaped end portion 151 of the second screw 15 engaging with the T-slot 135a of the parking dog 13.
A possible third linear actuator 16 is provided for each parking dog 13, arranged to

9 support the respective parking dog 13 when in an extended, active position.
Said third linear actuator 16 is preferably identical to the second actuator 15, wherein a third screw is engaging with internal threads 117a of a third actuator bore 117 ex-tending between the groove bottom 114a to the periphery of the clamp body 11.
The third linear actuator 16 is engaging with the actuator engaging portion 135a of the parking dog 13, here shown as a T-shaped end portion 161 of the third screw 16 engaging with the T-slot 135a of the parking dog 13.
The second and third linear actuators 15, 16 are preferably arranged with end stoppers 118 preventing the parking dogs 13 from being displaced too far into the centre opening 113 of the clamp 1. In the embodiment shown in figure 7 the end stoppers 118 are extending from the sidewalls 114b of the groove 114 into respec-tive oblong recesses 136 in the end flats 132 of the parking dog 13.
In an alternative embodiment of the clamp body 11 shown in figures 8 and 9, the screws 14, 15, 16 forming the first linear actuator, the second linear actuator and the possible third linear actuator, respectively, are engaging with internal threads 142b, 152b, 162b of a first sleeve142, a second sleeve 152 and a third sleeve 162, respectively, wherein external threads 142a, 152a, 162a of the first sleeve 142, the second sleeve 152 and the third sleeve 162, respectively, engaging with the inter-nal threads 115a, 116a, 117a, respectively, of the first actuator bore 115, the sec-ond actuator bore 116 and the third actuator bore 117, respectively. An effect of this embodiment is that said sleeves 142, 152, 162 are replaceable in case of in-ternal threads 142b, 152b, 162b, respectively, become damaged during the use of the clamp 1.
When an upright flanged first element 2 is to be clamped to an upright second flanged element 2a by a clamp 1 according to the present invention (see fig.
1), the clamp 1 with all clamping dogs 12 and parking dogs 13 being in the retracted position to allow passage of the flanges 21, 21a into the clamp 1, is placed on a convenient support (a floor, a table, or the like, not shown). The clamp 1 is orient-ed so that the protrusions 133 of the parking dogs 13 being closer to the first flange 21 than the support, i.e., the first end portion 111 of the clamp body 11 fac-ing the flanged first element 2. The first element 2 is lowered onto the clamp 1 with the lower, first flange 21 of the first element 2 entering the centre opening 113 of

10 the clamp body 11. The parking dogs 13 are then displaced radially inwards to its active position by operating the second linear actuators 15 so that the parking dogs 13 engage with the first flange 21 and thereby prevent separation between the clamp 1 and the first flange 21. In the active position of the parking dogs 13 the second slanted flange supporting flats 133a of the protrusions 133 of the parking dogs 13 being arranged to lay supportingly on a first, upper flange periphery of the first flange 21. If provided, the third linear actuators 16 may be used as a support for maintaining an upright position of the parking dogs 13 throughout the displacement of the parking dogs 13.
After having secured the clamp 1 with respect to the first element 2, the first ele-ment 2 is lifted carrying the clamp 1 connected to the lower, first flange 21 by the parking dogs 13. By using three parking dogs 13, the three protrusions 133 are forming a tripod providing a stable support of the clamp 1 with load evenly distrib-uted. Figure 1 shows this state of the clamping procedure.
The first element 2 is then lowered onto the second element 2a to which the first element 2 is to be connected. The lower portion of the centre opening 113 facing the upper, second flange 21a of the second element 2a receives the second flange 21a, the slanted end portions 134 of the parking dogs 13 facing an upper, second flange periphery edge 212 of the second flange 21, provide guidance of the first element 2 with respect to the second element 2a and thus facilitating the insertion of the second flange 21a in the clamp 1. When the first and second flanges 21, 21a mates, the clamping dogs 12 are displaced by operating the first linear actuators 14 to apply a clamping force onto the pair of flanges 21, 21a by the first slanted supporting flats 123a of the opposing protrusions 123 contacting the remote first flange periphery edges 211 of the mating flanges 21, 21a.
A disconnection of the two elements 2, 2a is done by reversing the assembly pro-cedure described above.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many al-ternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses shall not be con-

11 strued as limiting the claim. Use of the verb "comprise" and its conjugations does not exclude the presence of elements or steps other than those stated in a claim.
The article "a" or an preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements.

Claims

Claims 1. A ring-shaped clamp (1) arranged to encircle and hold together a pair of mating flanges (21, 21a) of two inter-connectable elements (2, 2a), where-in the ring-shaped clamp (1) comprises a body (11) provided with a throughgoing centre opening (113) arranged to accommodate the pair of mating flanges (21, 21a), and the body (11) comprises a groove (114) formed inside the body (11), the groove (114) co-axially facing the centre opening (113), 11:1 characterised in that the groove (114) holds a number of clamping dogs (12) arranged in groups, wherein adjacent groups of the clamping dogs (12) are separat-ed by a parking dog (13), each of the clamping dogs (12) and each of the parking dogs (13) being radially displaceable between a passive first posi-tion, and an active second position, each of the clamping dogs (12) are provided with a pair of oppos-ing, first slanted flange supporting flats (123a) arranged to supportingly rest on a portion of remote first flange periphery edges (211) of the mating flanges (21, 21a) when being in the active second position, and each of the parking dogs (13) are provided with one protrusion ar-ranged to supportingly rest on a portion of one of the flanges (21, 21a) when being in the active second position.
2. The ring-shaped clamp (1) according to claim 1, wherein each of the clamping dogs (12) and the parking dogs (13) are radially displaceable by individual linear actuators (14, 15) provided in the body (11).
3. The ring-shaped clamp (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the clamping dogs (12) are arranged in at least two, preferably at least three, groups.
4. The ring-shaped clamp (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein each parking dog (13) comprises a second flange supporting flat (133a) being slanted and arranged to supportingly rest on a portion of the first flange periphery edge (211) of one of the flanges (21, 21a).

5. The ring-shaped clarnp (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the groove (114) comprises parallel sidewalls (114b) arranged to provide axial support to the clamping dogs (12) and the parking dogs (13).
6. The ring-shaped clamp (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the clamping dogs (12) and the parking dogs (13) are radially dis-placeable by individual linear actuators (14, 15) formed by screws engag-ing with internal threads (115a, 116a) in radial bores (115, 116) provided in the body (11).
7. The ring-shaped clarnp (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein each of the clamping dogs (12) and the parking dogs (13) are radially dis-placeable by individual linear actuators (14, 15) formed by screws engag-ing with internal threads (142b, 152b) in replaceable sleeves (142,152) ar-ranged in radial bores (115, 116) provided in the body (11).
8. The ring-shaped clarnp (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the linear actuators (14, 15) cornprise T-shaped end portions (141, 151) arranged to engage with respective T-slots (124a, 135a) provided in the clarnping dogs (12) and parking dogs (13).
9. The ring-shaped clarnp (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein each parking dog (13) is connected to two identical linear actuators (15, 16).
10. The ring-shaped clamp (1) according to any one of the preceding claims 1-9, wherein each parking dog (13) is provided with one or rnore end stop-pers arranged to define the inwardly radial displacement of the parking dog (13).
1 1 . Method for clamping a first flange (21), forming part of a first element (2), to a second flange (21a) forrning part of a second element (2a), characterised i n that the method comprises the steps:
a) providing a clamp (1) according to any one of the claims 1-10 and arranging all clamping dogs (12) and parking dogs (13) in their passive first position, b) orienting the clamp (1) so that the protrusion (133) of each parking dog (13) is facing the flange (21, 21a) to be gripped by the parking dog (13), c) joining the clamp (1) and the element (2, 2a) comprising the flange (21, 21a) to be gripped by the parking dogs (13) by entering the flange (21, 21a) into a centre opening (113) of the body (11), d) radially displacing the parking dogs (13) to bring the protrusion (133) of the parking dogs (13) to supportingly rest on a portion of the first flange (21), e) connecting the first element (2) and the second element (2a) by entering the other one of the flanges (21a, 21) into the centre opening (113) of the clamp body (11), thereby mating the first flange (21) and the second flange (21a), and f) radially displacing the clamping dogs (12) to engagernent of first slanted flange supporting flats (123a) of the clamping dogs (12) with the remote first flange periphery edges (211) of the rnating flanges (21, 21a).
12. The method according to clairn 11, wherein the radial displacernent of the parking dogs (13) and the clamping dogs (12) are provided by operating individual linear actuators (14 ,15) provided in the body (11).
13. The method according to clairn 11 or 12, wherein the radial displacernent of each parking dog (13) is provided by operating a second linear actuator (15) and a third linear actuator to obtain a prescribed position throughout the displacement.