CA3186118A1

CA3186118A1 - Reciprocating mechanism

Info

Publication number: CA3186118A1
Application number: CA3186118A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Motahar AMINI KHOUZANI
Original assignee: Amini Khouzani Mojtaba
Current assignee: Amini Khouzani Mojtaba
Priority date: 2020-07-20
Filing date: 2021-07-20
Publication date: 2022-01-27
Also published as: WO2022018627A1; WO2022018627A9

Abstract

A reciprocating mechanism for an internal combustion engine is disclosed. The reciprocating mechanism may include a drive shaft and a rotor which may comprise a first grooved cam and a second cam with a recess. The reciprocating mechanism may include a piston which linked pivotally to a connecting rod. The connecting rod may pivotally be connected to a follower configured to follow the cam profile of the groove of the first cam and the inward circumferential surface of the second cam. The reciprocating mechanism may comprise a valve configured to follow the cam profile of an outward circumferential surface of the first or the second cam. While the drive shaft rotates, the piston and the valve reciprocate in response to a relative motion between the follower and the valve, respectively, with the groove of the first cam and outward circumferential surface of one of the first or second cam.

Description

RECIPROCATING MECHANISM
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from Iranian Patent Application Ser. No.
139950140003003790, filed on July. 20, 2020, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present disclosure generally relates to internal combustion engines and a method for operating the same and more particularly relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine.
BACKGROUND

[0003] High fuel costs and a desire to reduce undesirable emissions associated with the operation of internal combustion engines has renewed interest in improving fuel efficiency during operation. Thus, it may be desirable to improve the efficiency of conventional internal combustion engines

[0004] In the conventional four-stroke engine, for the purpose of conversion of fuel energy into mechanical energy, the piston carries out four separate strokes while turning the crankshaft.
These four stokes including intake, compression, combustion (power), and exhaust.
A stroke refers to the full travel of the piston along with the cylinder in either direction. In a four-stroke engine, an individual piston fires every 720 degrees during two crankshaft rotations.

[0005] One of the advantages of four-stroke engines is their better volumetric efficiency over the engine speed range. This refers to the 'breathability' of the engine or the extent to which the cylinder of an engine is completely filled by the incoming charge following an exhaust stroke.

However, due to only one piston power stroke every 7200 of crankshaft rotation, there is a lower engine power density.

[0006] Thus, it may be desirable to provide an internal combustion engine with a configuration that improves the efficiency of the internal combustion engine during operation. Further, it may be desirable to provide an internal combustion engine with a configuration that provides more mechanical power from burning fossil fuels, which results in lower fuel consumption, smaller engines and higher efficiency, which can help reduce air pollution.
SUMMARY

[0007] The following brief summary is not intended to include all features and aspects of the present application, nor does it imply that the application must include all features and aspects discussed in this summary.

[0008] The present invention object is to overcome or diminish the problems of the prior types of the engine and by providing a new design and arrangement of all components in a compact structure that is easily manufactured and have a higher performance regarding its technology, power, economic as well as the lower fuel consumption.

[0009] Disclosed herein is a reciprocating mechanism of an internal combustion engine. The mechanism, according to one or more aspects of the present disclosure, may include a drive shaft instead of a crankshaft and a rotor which may comprise a first cam and a second cam, both fixedly mounted on the drive shaft, and each has an outward circumferential surface. The first cam may have a groove on an inner surface which is formed with a predeteimined cam profile, while the second cam may comprise a recess, which could form an inward circumferential surface. The predetermined cam profile of the groove of the first cam may comprise a first and a second nose, while the second nose is located in a 180-degree phase shift from the first nose.

[0010] In an aspect, the reciprocating mechanism can comprise a first intake valve and a second intake valve that respectively may include a first intake follower end and a second intake follower end which could engage with an outward circumferential surface of the first cam. By rotating the drive shaft, this arrangement may reciprocate responsively to a relative motion between each of the first intake follower end of the second intake follow end with the outward circumferential surface, crankshaft.

[0011] In one aspect, each of the first and second intake valves could be located in a first and second cylinder block, respectively. In the first and the second cylinder block, the first and the second piston could be slidably fitted. The first cylinder block and the second cylinder block are being arranged in a V-configuration.

[0012] In one aspect, the reciprocating mechanism may include a first and a second piston which both may respectively fitted slidably into the first and second cylinder, and each of the first and second pistons could be linked pivotally to one end of a first and a second connecting rod. The other ends of the first and second connecting rods can be linked to the first and second followers. The first and second followers may be configured to follow the predetermined cam profile of the groove of the first cam and the inward circumferential surface of the second cam.
Due to rotation of the drive shaft, the first and second piston could respectively reciprocate responsive to a motion of the first and second follower.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the present disclosure, as to its structure, organization, use and method of operation, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following drawings in which a presently preferred embodiment of the present disclosure will now be illustrated by way of example. It is expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for illustration and description only and arc not intended as a definition of the limits of the present disclosure.
Embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described by way of example in association with the accompanying drawings in which:

[0014] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective exploded view of an internal combustion engine works with a reciprocating mechanism, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a reciprocating mechanism, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0016] FIG. 3A illustrate exploded views of a rotor, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 3B illustrate exploded views of a rotor, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0018] FIG. 4A illustrate sectional views of a reciprocating mechanism, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0019] FIG. 4B illustrate sectional views of a reciprocating mechanism, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0020]

[0021] FIG. 5 illustrates an exploded view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0022] FIG. 6A illustrate a side view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0023] FIG. 6B illustrate a cross-sectional view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] FIG. 6C illustrate a cross-sectional view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0025] FIG. 7A illustrate a top view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0026] FIG. 7B illustrate a cross-sectional view of a cylinder block, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0027] FIG. 8 illustrates a reciprocating mechanism with a V-shape configuration, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0028] FIG. 9A illustrates an exemplary cam profile for a groove of a cam, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0029] FIG. 9B illustrates an exemplary cam profile for an outward surface of a cam, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0030] FIG. 10A illustrate an embodiments of an internal combustion engine, with a threaded hollow shaft;

[0031] FIG. 10B illustrate an embodiment of an internal combustion engine, respectively, with a fan;

[0032] FIG. 10C illustrate an embodiment of an internal combustion engine, with an electrical generator;

[0033] FIG. 10D illustrate an embodiment of an internal combustion engine with a planetary gear system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the present disclosure, as to its structure, organization, use and method of operation, together with further objectives and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following discussion.

[0035] Aspects of the invention are illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements.
It should be noted that references to "an" and "one" embodiments in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean at least one. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough description of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the invention.

[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective exploded view of an internal combustion engine 100 works with a reciprocating mechanism 200, which is illustrated in Fig. 2, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, a reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a case 105 fixed on a base 116 via a plurality of pins 117. In an exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a drive shaft 101 that may include a first end 214 and a second end 115. The first end 214 and the second end 115 can be supported in a first bearing hole 106 and a second bearing hole 107, respectively, via a first bearing means 108 and a second bearing means 109. The first bearing means 108, and the second bearing means can be any type of bearing such as ball bearing and roller bearing.

[0037] In a general embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a first cylinder block 103 that may be integrally connected to the case 105 (as shown in FIG.1). In an exemplary embodiment, the first cylinder block 103 may be projected from the case 105 along a first axis 213, as shown in FIG. 2. In an implementation as illustrated in FIG. 6C, the first cylinder block 103 may include a first cylinder 110 that may be located within a first cylinder hole 603. In this exemplary embodiment, a longitudinal axis 612 of the first cylinder may be parallel to the first axis 213.

[0038] FIG. 2 illustrates a reciprocating mechanism 209, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIG 3A and FIG.3B illustrate exploded views of a rotor 201, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. FIGs. 4A-4B illustrate sectional views of a reciprocating mechanism 200, consistent with one or more exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Referring to the exemplary implementation shown in FIG.2, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a rotor 201 comprising a first cam 102 and a second cam 114. In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3A and FIG. 313, the first cam 102, which can be fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 101, includes a groove 301 on its inner surface 305. The groove 301 has formed in a manner to divide the first cam 102 into an inner portion 302, a grooved portion 304. and an outer portion 303. Each of the outer portion 303 and groove 301 may include an outward circumferential surface 202, 306, while groove 301 have an inward circumferential surface 312. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4A, the groove 301 is formed with a predetermined cam profile 403. Referring to an exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3B, the second cam 114, which may be fixedly mounted on the drive shaft 101 and includes an outward circumferential surface 203, can further have a recess 307 on its inner surface 310. The recess 307 has been formed in a manner to divide the second cam 114 into an inner portion 308 and an outer portion 309. The inner portion 308 can include an inward circumferential surface 311, as shown in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, formed with a predetermined cam profile 404 that may correspond or same to the cam profile 403 of groove 301.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 5, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a first connecting rod 208 that may have a first end 503 and a second end 504. The reciprocating mechanism 200 may further include a first piston 207 that may be pivotally linked to the first end 503 of the first connecting rod 208 via a piston pin 526, and the first piston 207 may be slidably fitted into the first cylinder 110, as shown in FIG. 1. The piston pin 526 may provide a bearing for the first connecting rod 208 to pivot upon as the first piston 207 moves.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may include a first follower 406 that could pivotally be linked to the second end 504 of the first connecting rod 208, as shown in FIG. 4B. The first follower 406 may engage with the outward circumferential surface 306 of groove 301 of the first cam 102, the inward circumferential surface 312 of a groove 301 of the first cam 102, and the inward circumferential surface 311 of the inner portion 308 of the second cam 114. As used herein and with reference to FIG.4A and FIG.4B and FIG.
2, the first follower 406 may be clasped between the groove 301 of the first cam 102 and the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114 and configured to follow the predetermined cam profile 403 of groove 301 of the first cam 102 and the predetermined cam profile 404 of the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114.

[0042] As used herein, in an expansion process for generating the power of an internal combustion engine 100, reciprocation of the first piston 207 may be changed into reciprocating motion of the first connecting rod 208 via the piston pin 526. The reciprocating motion of the first connecting rod 208 may be changed into rotation of the drive shaft 101 by means of the connection of the first follower 406 and groove 301. As used herein, in the intake, compression, and exhaust strokes, rotation of the drive shaft 101 may be changed into reciprocating motion of the first connecting rod 208, which in turn may be changed into reciprocation of the first piston 207. As used herein, the entire working cycle of the internal combustion engine 100, such as the number of times for generating the power for each rotation, the volume of the first cylinder 110 at the initial and finished times of each of the strokes (intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust), the acceleration, the speed of the first piston 207 at any time of the cycle may be completely determined by the predetermined cam profile 403 of groove 301 of the first cam 102 and the predetermined cam profile 404 of the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114.

[0043] In an exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may further include a first intake valve 205 and a first exhaust valve 206 that may be placed through a first intake guide 702 or a first exhaust guide 701 shown in Fig. 7A. The first intake guide 702 or the first exhaust guide 701 may be located through the first cylinder block 103 that a longitudinal axis 606, 607, as shown in FIG. 6, of each of the first intake guide 702 or the first exhaust guide 701 may be parallel to the first axis 213. In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG.6, the first cylinder block 103 may include a first intake passage 601 or a first exhaust passage 602 that may be configured to being closed responsive to a reciprocating motion of the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206.

[0044] Referring to FIGs. 2- 5 and FIG. 7, in an exemplary embodiment, the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may include a first intake follower end 502 or a first exhaust follower end 407 that may engage with the outward circumferential surface 202 of the first cam 102 or the outward circumferential surface 203 of the second cam 114. In an exemplary embodiment, the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may reciprocate along with the first intake guide 702 or the first exhaust guide 701 responsive to a relative motion between the first intake follower end 502 and the outward circumferential surface 202 of the first cam 102 or a relative motion between the first exhaust follower end 407 and the outward circumferential surface 203 of the second cam 114 due to rotation of the drive shaft 101. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may be an intake valve or an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine 100. As used herein, the opening time and closing time of each of the first intake and exhaust passages may be determined by cam profile 401, 405 of the first cam 102 and the second cam 114. As used herein, an intake or an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine 100 may be controlled without using a camshaft mechanism in conventional engines, and the waste of the energy may reduce. The first intake follower end 502 or the first exhaust follower end 407 can be any type of follower such as flat follower or roller follower.

[0045] Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 5, FIG. 7, and FIG. 6C, in an implementation, the first cylinder block 103 may further include a fixed intake retainer 610 or a fixed exhaust retainer 703 that may be located under the first intake guide 702 or under the first exhaust guide 701. In an exemplary embodiment, the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may further include an intake retainer 611 or an exhaust retainer 705. In an exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may further include an intake spring 501 or an exhaust spring 204 that may engage with the intake retainer 611 and the fixed intake retainer 610 or the exhaust retainer 705 and the fixed exhaust retainer 703 that may push the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 toward the outward circumferential surface 202, 203 of the first cam 102 or the second cam 114. As used herein, the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may always be in contact with the first cam 102 and the second cam 114.

[0046] Referring to FIG. 2, FIG. 5, and FIG. 6, in an exemplary embodiment, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may further include a connecting rod guide 210 that may include a first supporting shaft 520, that may be supported in a hole 604 within the first cylinder block 103, a second supporting shaft 519 that may be supported in a hole 605 within the first cylinder block 103, a first rolling guide 521, and a second rolling guide 522 that may be respectively mounted on the first supporting shaft 520 and the second supporting shaft 519.
The first rolling guide 521 and the second rolling guide 522 may be any type of rolling means such as ball bearing or roller bearing. In an exemplary embodiment, a longitudinal axis 608, 609 of each of the first supporting shaft 520 or the second supporting shaft 519 may be perpendicular to the first axis 213, and the first connecting rod 208 may be placed between the first supporting shaft 520 and the second supporting shaft 519. As used herein, the first rolling guide 521 and the second rolling guide 522 may be configured to roll on the first connecting rod 208.
As used herein, the connecting rod guide 210 may allow the connecting rod 208 to only move in the same direction as the first piston 207 travels.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment as shown in FIG. 5, each of the first intake follower end 502 or the first exhaust follower end 507 may further include a first roller 505 or a second roller 507 that may be linked to the first intake follower end 502 or the first exhaust follower end 507 via a first pin 506 or a second pin 523. The first roller 505 or the second roller 507 may be any type of rolling means such as ball bearing or roller bearing. As used herein, the first roller 505 or the second roller 507 may be configured to roll on the outward circumferential surface 202 of the first cam 102 or the outward circumferential surface 203 of the second cam 114. As used herein, rotation of the drive shaft 101 may be changed into a reciprocating motion of the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206.

[0048] As seen in FIG. 5, each of the first intake valve 205 or the first exhaust valve 206 may include a pair of stems 515, 516, 517, 518 that may be connected to a pair of heads 511, 512, 513, 514 in which each pair of the stems 515, 516, 517, 518 may be connected to one of the first intake follower end 502 or the first exhaust follower end 407. As used herein, each intake passage or exhaust passage may be connected with two valves, and such a mechanism may improve and increase the intake flow or the exhaust flow to the internal combustion engine 100.

[0049] With specific reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 4A and FIG.4B, the first follower 406 may include a first follower roller 508 that may roll between the groove 301 of the first cam 102 and a second follower roller 509 rolling on the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114. In an exemplary embodiment, the first follower roller 508 and the second follower roller 509 may be linked to the first follower roller 509 via a follower pin 510. The first follower roller 508 and the second follower roller 509 may be any type of rolling means such as a ball bearing or a roller bearing.

[0050] With specific reference to FIG. 8 and FIG. 1, the reciprocating mechanism 200 may further include a second cylinder block 104 that may integrally be connected to the case 105 along a second axis 801 that the second axis 801 that may be different from the first axis 213. The second cylinder block 104 may be similar to the first cylinder block 103 and may be arranged in a V-configuration 811 with respect to the first cylinder block 103.

[0051] Referring to the exemplary implementation shown in FIG. 8 and with reference to FIG.1, the second cylinder block 104, similar to the first cylinder block 103, may include a second cylinder 111 that may be located through the second cylinder block 104, a second piston 804 that may be slid ably fitted into the second cylinder 111. A
second connecting rod 806 comprising a first end 809 and a second end 810, and a second intake valve 803 or a second exhaust valve 802 that may be placed within the second cylinder block 104 and may include a second intake follower end 807 or a second exhaust follower end 808.
In an exemplary embodiment, the second piston 804 may be pivotally linked to the first end 809 of the second connecting rod 806, similar to the first cylinder block 103, and a second follower 805 may be pivotally linked to the second end 810 of the second connecting rod 806.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment with reference to FIG. 8, the second follower 805 may engage with the groove 301 of the first cam 102 and the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114, similar to the first cylinder block 103. As used herein, the second follower 805 may be configured to follow the predetermined cam profile 403 of groove 301 of the first cam 102 and the predetermined cam profile 404 of the inward circumferential surface 311 of the second cam 114. As used herein, the second piston 804 may reciprocate responsive to a reciprocating motion of the second connecting rod 806 due to rotation of the drive shaft 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the second intake follower end 807 or the second exhaust follower end 808 may engage with the outward circumferential surface 202 of the first cam 102 or the outward circumferential surface 203 of the second cam 114. In an exemplary embodiment, the second intake valve 803 or the second exhaust valve 802 may reciprocate responsive to a relative motion between the second intake follower end 807 and the outward circumferential surface 202 of the first cam 102 or a relative motion between the second exhaust follower end 808 and the outward circumferential surface 203 of the second cam 114 due to rotation of the drive shaft 101. In an exemplary embodiment, the second cylinder block 104, similar to the first cylinder block 103, may further include a second intake passage 112 or a second exhaust passage 113 that may be configured to being closed responsive to a reciprocating motion of the second intake valve 803 or the second exhaust valve 802. In an exemplary embodiment, the first cylinder block 103 may be located in a 90-degree phase shift with respect to the second cylinder block 104. In an exemplary embodiment, each of the first cylinders blocks and the second cylinder block 103, 104 may be a cylinder bank that may be in connection with a plurality of rotors that each rotor may have a 180-degree shift with respect to its anterior or posterior rotor.

[0053] As shown in FIG.9A to FIG.9B. the predetermined cam profile 403 of groove 301 may include a first nose 908 and a second nose 909 that may be located in a 180-degree phase shift from the first nose 908, as shown in FIG. 9N. As used herein, during a 360-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101, the four strokes (intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust) may be completed. For example, when each of the first or the second followers 406, 805 may be located on the first nose 908, each of the first or the second pistons 207. 804 may be located on a top dead center. In an exemplary embodiment, the predetermined cam profile 403, 404 may include a first nose 908 and a second nose 909. The second nose 909 may be located in a 180-degree phase shift from the first nose 908 on the cam profile 403, 404.

[0054] As used herein, during a 360-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101, the four strokes (intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust) may be completed. For example, when each of the first or the second followers 406, 805 is located on the first nose 908, each of the first or the second pistons 207, 804 is located on a top dead center. After that, during an approximately 45-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101 in respect to the first nose 908, the first or the second pistons 207, 804 may reach a bottom dead center. After reaching the bottom dead center, during approximately next 90-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101, the first or the second followers 406, 805 may follow the dead intake portion 911 of the cam profile 403, 404 and stay on a bottom dead center. After that, during approximately next 45-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101, the first or the second followers 406, 805 may follow the compression portion 912 of the cam profile 403, 404, and the first or the second pistons 207, 804 may reach the top dead center again on the second nose 909. In an exemplary embodiment, during a 145-degree rotation of the drive shaft 101, the first or the second followers 406, 805 may follow the intake portion 910 of the cam profile 403, 404 and an intake valve may remain in an open position. As used herein, the intake time of an internal combustion engine 100 may be longer than the conventional engines and may result in a better operation of the engine.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment according to FIG 9B, each outward circumferential surface 203, 202 of the second cam and first cam 114, 102 may include a predctei _____ mined cam profile 401, 405 that may include a first arc 903 that may have a first radius 904 and a second arc 902 that may have a second radius 905. The first radius 904 may be different from the second radius 905, and the second arc 902 may be connected with a first ramp 906 and a second ramp 907 to the first arc 903. As used herein, each of the valve followers may be positioned in an open or closed position when each of the valve followers follows the arc with a smaller and larger radius.

[0056] FIGs. 10A-10D illustrate different combination embodiments of an internal combustion engine 100, respectively, with a hollow shaft 1001 comprising a spiral thread 1002, a fan 1004, an electrical generator 1005, and a planetary gear system 1008.

[0057] In an implementation, the drive shaft 101 may be any type of shaft such as a solid shaft or a hollow shaft 1001, as shown in FIG. 10A. In an exemplary embodiment, the internal combustion engine 100 may include a spiral thread 1002 through an inner surface 1003 of the hollow shaft 1001 for pumping fluids.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, the internal combustion engine 100 may further include a fan 1004 that connected to the first end 214 or the second end 115 of the hollow shaft 1001 for fluid transferring.

[0059] In an arrangement, the internal combustion engine 100 may further include an electrical generator 1005 that may include a generator rotor 1007 that may be connected to the inner surface 1003 of the hollow shaft 1001 and a generator stator 1006 that may be placed along with a longitudinal axis 211 of the hollow shaft 1001. Using the electrical generator 100, electrical power needed for a hybrid motor may be produced due to rotation of the hollow shaft 1001.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the internal combustion engine 100 may further include a planetary gear system 1008 that may be connected to the first end 214 or second end 115 of the hollow shaft 1001 for the power transmission.

Claims

What is claimed is:

1. A reciprocating mechanism (200) of an internal combustion engine (100) comprising:
a drive shaft (101);
a rotor (201) comprising:
a first cam (102) fixedly mounted on the drive shaft (101), wherein the first cam (102) comprises a groove (301) on an inner surface (305) and an outward circumferential surface (202), wherein the groove (301) of the first cam (102) is formed with a predetermined cam profile (403); and a second cam (114) fixedly mounted on the drive shaft (101) comprising a recess (307) on an inner surface (310) and an outward circumferential surface (203), wherein the recess (307) forms an inward circumferential surface (311), wherein the inward circumferential surface (311) is formed with a predetermined cam profile (404);
a first intake valve (205) comprising a first intake follower end (502);
wherein the first intake follower end (502) engages with the outward circumferential surface (202) of the first cam (102);
wherein the first intake valve (205) reciprocates responsive to a relative motion between the first intake follower end (502) and the outward circumferential surface (202) of the first cam (102) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101);
a first connecting rod (208) comprising a first end (503) and a second end (504);
a first piston (207) pivotally linked to the first end (503) of the first connecting rod (208);

a first follower (406) pivotally linked to the second end (504) of the first connecting rod (208), wherein the first follower (406) engages with the groove (301) of the first cam (102) and the inward circumferential surface (311) of the second cam (114), wherein the first follower (406) is configured to follow thc predetermined cam profile (403) of the groove (301) of the first cam (102) and the predetermined cam profile (404) of the inward circumferential surface (311) of the second cam (114); and wherein the first piston (207) reciprocates responsive to reciprocating motion of the first connecting rod (208) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101).

2. The reciprocating rnechanism (200) of claim 1 further comprising:
a first exhaust valve (206) comprising a first exhaust follower end (407);
wherein the first exhaust follower end (407) engages with the outward circumferential surface (203) of the second cam (114); and wherein the first exhaust valve (206) reciprocates responsive to a relative motion between the first exhaust follower end (407) and the outward circumferential surface (203) of the second cam (114) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101).

3. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 2, wherein the first intake follower end (502) comprises:
a first roller (505) rolling on the outward circumferential surface (202) of the first cam (102); and a first pin (506) linking the first roller (505) to the first intake follower end (502).

4. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 2, wherein the first exhaust follower end (407) comprises:

a second roller (507) rolling on the outward circumferential surface (203) of the second cam (114); and a second pin (523) linking the second roller (507) to the first exhaust follower end (407).

5. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 3, wherein each of the first intake valve (205) and the first exhaust valve (206) comprises:
a pair of stems (515, 516. 517, 518);
a pair of heads (511, 512, 513, 514) connected to the pair of stems (515, 516, 517, 518); and wherein each pair of the stems (515, 516, 517, 518) are connected to one of the first intake follower end (502) and the first exhaust follower end (407).

6. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 4, wherein the first follower (406) comprises:
a first follower roller (508) rolling between the groove (301) of the first cam (102);
a second follower roller (509) rolling on the inward circumferential surface (3 1 1 ) of the second cam (114); and wherein a follower pin (510) links the first follower roller (508) and the second follower roller (509) to the first follower (406).

7. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 5 further comprising:
a case (105) comprising a first bearing hole (106) and a second bearing hole (107);

wherein the drive shaft (101) comprises a first end (214) and a second end (115), wherein the first end (214) of the drive shaft (101) is supported in the first bearing hole (106) via a first bearing means (108), wherein the second end (115) of the drive shaft (101) is supported in the second bearing hole (107) via a second bearing means (109);
a first cylinder block (103) integrally connected to the case (105), wherein the first cylinder block (103) is projected from the case (105) along a first axis (213);
wherein each of the first intake valve (205) and the first exhaust valve (206) is located within the first cylinder block (103);
wherein the first cylinder block (103) comprises a first intake passage (601) and a first exhaust passage (602);
wherein the first cylinder block (103) comprises a first cylinder hole (603) and a first cylinder (110) located within the first cylinder hole (603);
wherein the first piston (207) is slidably fitted into the first cylinder (110);
wherein the first intake passage (601) is configured to being closed responsive to a reciprocating motion of the first intake valve (205); and wherein the first exhaust passage (602) is configured to being closed responsive to a reciprocating motion of the first exhaust valve (206).

8. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 6 further comprising:
a connecting rod guide (210) comprising:
a first supporting shaft (520) fixed within the first cylinder block (103), wherein a longitudinal axis (608) of the first supporting shaft (520) is perpendicular to the first axis (213);

a second supporting shaft (519) fixed within the first cylinder block (103), wherein a longitudinal axis (609) of the second supporting shaft (519) is perpendicular to the first axis (213);
a first rolling guide (521) mounted on the first supporting shaft (521); and a second rolling guide (522) mounted on the second supporting shaft (519);
wherein the first connecting rod (208) is placed between the first supporting shaft (520) and the second supporting shaft (519); and wherein the first rolling guide (521) and the second rolling guide (522) are configured to roll on the first connecting rod (208).

9. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 7 further comprising:
a second cylinder block (104) integrally connected to the case (105), wherein the second cylinder block (104) is projected from the case (105) along a second axis (801), wherein the second axis (801) is different from the first axis (213);
wherein the first cylinder block (103) and the second cylinder block (104) are being arranged in a V-configuration (811); and wherein the second cylinder block (104) comprises:
a second intake valve (803) placed within the second cylinder block (104), wherein the second intake valve (803) comprises a second intake follower end (807);
wherein the second intake follower end (807) engages with the outward circumferential surface (202) of the first cam (102);

wherein the second intake valve (803) reciprocates responsive to a relative motion between the second intake follower end (807) and the outward circumferential surface (202) of the first cam (102) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101);
a second exhaust valve (802) placed within the second cylinder block (104), wherein the second exhaust valve (802) comprises a second exhaust follower end (808);
wherein the second cxhaust follower end (808) engages with the outward circumferential surface (203) of the second cam (114);
wherein the second exhaust valve (802) reciprocates responsive to a relative motion between the second exhaust follower end (808) and the outward circumferential surface (203) of the second cam (114) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101);
a second intake passage (112) configured to being closed responsive to reciprocating motion of the second intake valve (803);
a second exhaust passage (113) configured to being closed responsive to reciprocating motion of the second exhaust valve (802);
a second cylinder (111) located through the second cylinder block (104);
a second piston (804) slidably fitted into the second cylinder (111);
a second connecting rod (806) comprising a first end (809) and a second end (810);
wherein the second piston (804) is pivotally linked to the first end (809) of the second connecting rod (806);

a second follower (805) pivotally linked to the second end (810) of the second connecting rod (806), wherein the second follower (805) engages with the groove (301) of the first cam (102) and the inward circumferential surface (311) of the second cam (114), wherein the first follower (406) is configured to follow the predetermined cam profile (403) of the groove (301) of the first cam (102) and the predetermined cam profile (404) of the inward circumferential surface (311) of the second cam (114); and wherein the second piston (804) reciprocates responsive to a reciprocating motion of the second connecting rod (806) due to rotation of the drive shaft (101).

10. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 1 wherein the predetermined cam profile (403) of the groove (301) of the first cam (102) corresponds to the predetermined cam profile (404) of the inward circumferential surface (311) of the second cam (114).

11. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 2 wherein each outward circumferential surface (203, 202) of the second cam and first cam (114, 102) comprises a predetermined cam profile (401, 405) comprising:
a first arc (903) with a first radius (904);
a second arch (902) with a second radius (905);
wherein the first radius (904) is different frorn the second radius (905); and wherein the first arc (903) and the second arch (902) are connected with a first ramp (906) and a second ramp (907).

12. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 10 wherein the predetermined cam profile (403) of the groove (301) of the first cam (102) comprises:
a first nose (908); and a second nose (909), wherein the second nose (909) is located in a 180-degree phase shift from the first nose (908).

13. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 1 wherein the drive shaft (101) is a hollow shaft (1001).

14. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 15 further comprising a spiral thread (1002) through an inner surface (1003) of the hollow shaft (1001).

15. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 14 further comprising a fan (1004) connected to the first end (214) or the second end (115) of the hollow shaft (1001).

16. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 14 further comprising:
an electrical generator (1005) comprising a generator rotor (1007) and a generator stator (1006);
wherein the generator rotor (1007) connected to the inner surface (1003) of the hollow shaft (1001); and wherein the generator stator (1006 is placed along with a longitudinal axis (211) of the hollow shaft (1001).

17. The reciprocating mechanism (200) of claim 14 further comprising:
a planetary gear system (1008) connected to the first end (214) or second end (115) of the hollow shaft (1001).