CA3169278A1 - Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition - Google Patents
Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed compositionInfo
- Publication number
- CA3169278A1 CA3169278A1 CA3169278A CA3169278A CA3169278A1 CA 3169278 A1 CA3169278 A1 CA 3169278A1 CA 3169278 A CA3169278 A CA 3169278A CA 3169278 A CA3169278 A CA 3169278A CA 3169278 A1 CA3169278 A1 CA 3169278A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- fatty acids
- fat composition
- oil
- animal feed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 207
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 98
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 claims description 97
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 claims description 95
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 72
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 72
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 70
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000004977 Brassica sinapistrum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 19
- IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O IPCSVZSSVZVIGE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- 240000002791 Brassica napus Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O UKMSUNONTOPOIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 235000006618 Brassica rapa subsp oleifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000188595 Brassica sinapistrum Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 claims description 7
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001390275 Carinata Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000004426 flaxseed Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021357 Behenic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000020551 Helianthus annuus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000003222 Helianthus annuus Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021314 Palmitic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000005399 Pandanus julianettii Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000003255 Carthamus tinctorius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N (2r,3r)-2,3-bis[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methyl]butane-1,4-diol;(2r,3r,4s,5s,6r)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O.C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C[C@@H](CO)[C@H](CO)CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 MJYQFWSXKFLTAY-OVEQLNGDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000004355 Borago officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007689 Borago officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004936 Bromus mango Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007228 Mangifera indica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000014826 Mangifera indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000219925 Oenothera Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004496 Oenothera biennis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015076 Shorea robusta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009184 Spondias indica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009470 Theobroma cacao Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 65
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 21
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 17
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 15
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241001133760 Acoelorraphe Species 0.000 description 8
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002385 cottonseed oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000283073 Equus caballus Species 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001135917 Vitellaria paradoxa Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272814 Anser sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238017 Astacoidea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283707 Capra Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000117167 Caprella linearis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000393427 Cepaea hortensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238424 Crustacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252233 Cyprinus carpio Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000723298 Dicentrarchus labrax Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000237502 Ostreidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000277331 Salmonidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000785681 Sander vitreus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000019486 Sunflower oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004164 Wax ester Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N batilol Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOCC(O)CO OGBUMNBNEWYMNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000828 canola oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019519 canola oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001233037 catfish Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021186 dishes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009884 interesterification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000238565 lobster Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020636 oyster Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000069 prophylactic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002600 sunflower oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005691 triesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23D—EDIBLE OILS OR FATS, e.g. MARGARINES, SHORTENINGS, COOKING OILS
- A23D9/00—Other edible oils or fats, e.g. shortenings, cooking oils
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of animal feed compositions, a fat composition suitable for use as an oil binding ingredient in an animal feed composition and the use thereof.
Description
Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to the field of animal feed compositions, a fat composition suitable for use as an oil binding ingredient in an animal feed composition and the use thereof.
BACKGROUND
Animal feed compositions in general, and feed for aquaculture in particular, is a concentrated package of nutrients and energy designed to provide rapid, healthy and cost-effective growth of the animal (e.g. fish such as salmon) and prime quality of the end products. High amounts of digestible lipids, in particular liquid oils, are often desirable in animal feed compositions, as they are particularly high in energy and beneficial for the growth and development of animals. During the last years the aquaculture feed industry in particular has increased the percentage of vegetable oils replacing marine raw materials e.g. fish oil in the fish feed.
Especially salmon requires a very high energy density feed and thus feed for salmon often contain very high amounts of liquid oils.
The incorporation of high amounts of liquid oils in animal feed compositions is difficult to achieve since the liquid oil needs to be structurally retained in the feed composition. Leakage of liquid oils results in a decreased provision of liquid oils to the animal, which in turn results in decreased nutritional effect and in production problems, such as clogging of the animal feed in storage or in transport pipes.
Accordingly, one of the challenges in the animal feed composition industry is difficulties in the production line as well as loss of nutrients during feed distribution, caused among other things by oil leakage and disruption of pellets during production, storage, transportation and feed administration. This results in e.g. profitability losses as well as reduced animal welfare and health.
W02020/007965 describes an animal feed composition comprising liquid oil and an oil-binding ingredient, wherein said oil-binding ingredient comprises wax-esters.
W02007/100251 describes a coated animal feed comprising at least one active ingredient and a coating, wherein the coating comprises a hydrogenated fat and/or a wax. The active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of therapeutics, prophylactics, enzymes, vitamins, yeasts, and combinations.
EP1825762 describes an animal feed composition comprising active compounds.
The active compounds are strongly adhered to the feed by means of a fat coating and the animal feed has a low coating content.
High amounts of additives for preventing oil leakage currently need to be incorporated into the animal feed composition, to efficiently reduce the oil leakage from the animal feed composition. As many of these additives for preventing oil leakage cannot be efficiently metabolized by certain animals, in particular fish, their presence significantly reduces the total amount of energy in an animal feed composition.
There is thus a need in the market for an animal feed composition which can overcome the disadvantages and provide an animal feed composition with a high content of liquid oil without using high amounts of additives. The present invention addresses such needs and interest and provides a solution to this problem.
SUMMARY
The present invention provides an oil binding ingredient which can be used as a structure enhancer and crystallization starter in high-energy animal feed compositions and which is based on oils and fats and which are present in the final animal feed composition in minute negligible amounts thereby not significantly affecting the total amount of energy available for the animals receiving the feed.
In one aspect the present invention relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil binding ingredient for use in an animal feed composition, wherein said fat composition comprises:
a. 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, b. 50-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and c. 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16
The present invention relates to the field of animal feed compositions, a fat composition suitable for use as an oil binding ingredient in an animal feed composition and the use thereof.
BACKGROUND
Animal feed compositions in general, and feed for aquaculture in particular, is a concentrated package of nutrients and energy designed to provide rapid, healthy and cost-effective growth of the animal (e.g. fish such as salmon) and prime quality of the end products. High amounts of digestible lipids, in particular liquid oils, are often desirable in animal feed compositions, as they are particularly high in energy and beneficial for the growth and development of animals. During the last years the aquaculture feed industry in particular has increased the percentage of vegetable oils replacing marine raw materials e.g. fish oil in the fish feed.
Especially salmon requires a very high energy density feed and thus feed for salmon often contain very high amounts of liquid oils.
The incorporation of high amounts of liquid oils in animal feed compositions is difficult to achieve since the liquid oil needs to be structurally retained in the feed composition. Leakage of liquid oils results in a decreased provision of liquid oils to the animal, which in turn results in decreased nutritional effect and in production problems, such as clogging of the animal feed in storage or in transport pipes.
Accordingly, one of the challenges in the animal feed composition industry is difficulties in the production line as well as loss of nutrients during feed distribution, caused among other things by oil leakage and disruption of pellets during production, storage, transportation and feed administration. This results in e.g. profitability losses as well as reduced animal welfare and health.
W02020/007965 describes an animal feed composition comprising liquid oil and an oil-binding ingredient, wherein said oil-binding ingredient comprises wax-esters.
W02007/100251 describes a coated animal feed comprising at least one active ingredient and a coating, wherein the coating comprises a hydrogenated fat and/or a wax. The active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of therapeutics, prophylactics, enzymes, vitamins, yeasts, and combinations.
EP1825762 describes an animal feed composition comprising active compounds.
The active compounds are strongly adhered to the feed by means of a fat coating and the animal feed has a low coating content.
High amounts of additives for preventing oil leakage currently need to be incorporated into the animal feed composition, to efficiently reduce the oil leakage from the animal feed composition. As many of these additives for preventing oil leakage cannot be efficiently metabolized by certain animals, in particular fish, their presence significantly reduces the total amount of energy in an animal feed composition.
There is thus a need in the market for an animal feed composition which can overcome the disadvantages and provide an animal feed composition with a high content of liquid oil without using high amounts of additives. The present invention addresses such needs and interest and provides a solution to this problem.
SUMMARY
The present invention provides an oil binding ingredient which can be used as a structure enhancer and crystallization starter in high-energy animal feed compositions and which is based on oils and fats and which are present in the final animal feed composition in minute negligible amounts thereby not significantly affecting the total amount of energy available for the animals receiving the feed.
In one aspect the present invention relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil binding ingredient for use in an animal feed composition, wherein said fat composition comprises:
a. 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, b. 50-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and c. 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16
2 In one embodiment of the invention the fat composition is fully hydrogenated.
In further embodiments of the present invention the C22 fatty acid is in the form of behenic acid, the C18 fatty acid is in the form of stearic acid and/or the C16 fatty acid is in the form of palmitic acid.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention the fat composition does not contain fatty acids derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to an animal feed composition comprising a total lipid content of from 10 to 60 wt%, wherein said total lipid content comprises a. at least 40 wt% of a liquid oil, and b. 0.01 to 3 wt% of the fat composition as previously defined.
In one embodiment the total lipid content is distributed within the animal feed composition.
In one embodiment the animal feed composition is an aquafeed composition, preferably a fish feed composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the animal feed composition is in form of a pellet.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions The term "comprising" or "to comprise" is to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated parts, steps, features, or components, but does not exclude the presence of one or more additional parts, steps, features, or components.
As used herein, "%" or "percentage" all relates to weight percentage i.e. wt.%
or wt.-% if nothing else is indicated.
In further embodiments of the present invention the C22 fatty acid is in the form of behenic acid, the C18 fatty acid is in the form of stearic acid and/or the C16 fatty acid is in the form of palmitic acid.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the present invention the fat composition does not contain fatty acids derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil.
In a further embodiment the present invention relates to an animal feed composition comprising a total lipid content of from 10 to 60 wt%, wherein said total lipid content comprises a. at least 40 wt% of a liquid oil, and b. 0.01 to 3 wt% of the fat composition as previously defined.
In one embodiment the total lipid content is distributed within the animal feed composition.
In one embodiment the animal feed composition is an aquafeed composition, preferably a fish feed composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the animal feed composition is in form of a pellet.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Definitions The term "comprising" or "to comprise" is to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated parts, steps, features, or components, but does not exclude the presence of one or more additional parts, steps, features, or components.
As used herein, "%" or "percentage" all relates to weight percentage i.e. wt.%
or wt.-% if nothing else is indicated.
3 As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
As used herein, "at least one" is intended to mean one or more, i.e. 1, 2, 3,
As used herein, "at least one" is intended to mean one or more, i.e. 1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.
The term "vegetable oil" is intended to mean an oil or fat originating from a plant. Thus, a vegetable fat or vegetable triglycerides are still to be understood as vegetable fat or oil or vegetable triglycerides after fractionation, hydrogenation and/or interesterification etc.
As used herein, "hydrogenation" should be understood as the process of modifying fat consistency by saturating the double bonds. By adding hydrogen to the double bonds of the fatty acid chains, oil can be transformed from an unsaturated to a saturated state. This is further known to improve the shelf life of fats.
As used herein, "oil binding ingredient" should be understood as a fat composition which forms a structure with a liquid oil. Therefore, the oil binding ingredient initiates crystallization forming a harder structure, and has oil binding properties, thus immobilizes the liquid oil in the structure. Thereby, the leakage of liquid oil from the animal feed composition is further reduced or prevented.
As used herein, the term "fatty acid" encompasses free fatty acids and fatty acid residues in triglycerides, preferably it is fatty acid residues in triglycerides. This means that the fatty acids of the invention predominantly is present in the form of triglycerides, i.e. as a tri-ester consisting of a glycerol bound to three fatty acids. The three fatty acids bound to the glycerol can be the same fatty acid or they can be different fatty acids. Thus, the fatty acids of the invention are not predominantly present as mono- and/or diglycerides. As used herein, the term "and/or" is intended to mean the combined ("and") and the exclusive ("or") use, i.e. "A
and/or B" is intended to mean "A alone, or B alone, or A and B together". For example, in the context "rapeseed oil and/or cotton seed oil" it is thus intended to mean "rapeseed oil", "cotton seed oil" or "rapeseed oil and cotton seed oil".
As used herein the term "C22 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 22. The C22 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C22:0 and/or C22:1. If the C22 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of behenic acid (C22:0).
The C22 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
As used herein the term "C18 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 18. The C18 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C18:0 and/or C18:1. If the C18 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of stearic acid (C18:0).
The C18 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
As used herein the term "C16 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 16. The C16 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C16:0 and/or C16:1. If the C16 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of palmitic acid (C16:0).
The C16 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
Animal feed compositions in general, and feed for aquaculture in particular, is a concentrated package of nutrients and energy designed to provide rapid, healthy and cost-effective growth of the animal (e.g. fish such as salmon) and prime quality of the end products. The feed covers all the needs of the animal in all phases of life, from stocking to harvest. The composition thus comprises various animal feed ingredients. The skilled person will know which ingredients a given animal feed composition contains and will know how to produce such an animal feed composition. The animal feed composition according to the inventions is used as aquafeed, for companion or farmed animals and in pet food. Typically, the animal feed composition is used for animal such as cattle (dairy and beef), pig, horse, goat, sheep, rodents, chicken, goose, duck or turkey. Pet food is more dedicated to cats or dogs, and aquafeed is suitable for fish (e.g. farm- and costal-raised carp, tilapia, salmon, walleye, trout, sea-bass or catfish), and crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, lobster, crabs, crayfish and prawns) and molluscs (e.g. snails, clams, oysters, squid, octopus and mussels). The animal feed composition of the present invention is preferably used as aquafeed, preferably a fish feed composition. In one aspect, the fish feed composition is a salmon feed composition. Salmon fish requires particularly high amounts of liquid oils showing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids for its growth and development and thus, the present invention is particularly suitable for high energy feed providing welfare and development of the fish.
The fish feed composition preferably does not float on a water surface, but rather slowly sinks in the water. Preferably, the fish feed composition is designed in a sustainable way, dust-free and stable in water to prevent water polution. The size of the fish feed composition depends on the individual type of fish and is known by the person skilled in the art.
During the last years the aquaculture feed industry has increased the percentage of vegetable oils replacing marine raw materials e.g. fish oil in the fish feed. At the same time there has been an increased demand for high energy animal feed compositions and thus the amount of liquid oil in the animal feed compositions has increased. High amounts of liquid oil in the animal feed composition are particularly preferred, as the high energy value of liquid oils can promote growth and development of the animals being fed with the animal feed composition.
In addition, liquid oils comprise high amounts of unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids that are particularly beneficial for the growth and development in animals.
The liquid oil can be one liquid oil or more liquids oils, i.e. mixture of more than one liquid oil. The liquid oil or the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 35 C. In the case of the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 35 C it is understood that the final mixture of the more than one liquid oils have a melting point of less than 35 C. In another preferred embodiment, the liquid oil or the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 20 C.
In one embodiment of the present invention the animal feed composition comprises a total lipid content of from 10 to 60 wt%. In another embodiment of the present invention the animal feed composition comprises a total lipid content of from 20-50 wt%, such as from 30-50 wt%, such as from 20-40 wt%, such as from 40-50 wt%.
In one embodiment of the present invention the total lipid content comprises at least 40 wt%
of a liquid oil, such as at least 50 wt%, such as at least 60 wt% of a liquid oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention the total lipid content comprises from 40 to 100 wt% of a liquid oil, such as from 50 to 100 wt%, such as from 60 to 100 wt% of a liquid oil.
The liquid oil is derived from a vegetable oil and/or an animal oil. In one embodiment the liquid oil is derived from both vegetable oil and animal oil. The animal oil in the liquid oil can be any animal oil, preferably originating from marine animals (e.g. fish), and/or other animals such as poultry, cattle, pig, horse and/or wild game. Preferably, the vegetable oil in the liquid oil is a vegetable liquid oil selected from the group consisting of oils and fats from palm, palm kernel, cotton seed, corn, groundnut, linseed, olive, rapeseed, canola, rice bran, sesame, safflower, soybean, sunflower, shea and camelina. Also included in the list is their corresponding mid or high oleic varieties or any variety with increased level of unsaturated fatty acids compared to the original seed variety and mixture of two or more thereof.
Examples are high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic soybean oil, high oleic canola oil and high erucic rapeseed oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention it is desired that the total lipid content is distributed more or less homogenous within the animal feed composition. The total lipid content is distributed within the animal feed composition so that the animal feed composition may comprise the maximum amount of liquid oil. By the distribution of the oil binding ingredient in the total lipid content within the animal feed composition, leakage of the liquid oil from the animal feed composition is reduced or prevented. The oil binding ingredient is thus not a coating per se, but rather exists as an integrated part of the final animal feed composition. The oil binding ingredient can also in one embodiment be added as done in the prior art, namely by spraying and coating. In a preferred embodiment the oil binding ingredient is added in such a way that it is distributed more or less homogenous within the animal feed composition.
In a preferred embodiment the animal feed composition is a solid animal feed composition, preferably in the form of a pellet. Preferably, the pellet has small pores, i.e. the pellet is a porous pellet. The use of a fat composition according to the invention for a porous animal feed composition is particularly effective in the reduction or prevention of liquid oil leakage.
With the demand for an increased percentage of liquid oil keeping the structure of the animal feed composition is challenging for the manufactures of animal feed compositions. In order to achieve a high energy density an increased amount of liquid oil is added, and this makes it difficult to maintain a stable structure and good physical quality of the animal feed composition. The stable structure is important as it helps encapsulate the nutrients in the animal feed composition. Traditionally, coating fats with additives have been added after extrusion of the animal feed composition. High temperature processing and storage and harsh treatment during administration of the animal feed composition has previously required a high melting fat to be used as component in the coating fat and additives are often also used, e.g.
addition of wax.
The present invention provides a different solution and relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil-binding ingredient that can achieve the desired functionality in terms of forming structure and altering crystallization behavior by utilizing an optimized ratio of C16, C18 and C22 fatty acids. The fat composition of the present invention has the ability to crystallize and form a network to build structure in a blend with oils with low melting point/soft oils (see Examples). Hence, the structure of the animal feed composition is maintained even with high levels of liquid oil present in the animal feed composition, hence preserving the nutrients in the animal feed composition, and the functionality is even achieved without using additives such as wax. This positive effect is achieved using rather limited amounts of the fat composition of the present invention thereby not affecting the nutritional value of the animal feed composition noticeably.
In one embodiment the fat composition, of the present invention can be combined with a structure enhancing component. Such a structure enhancing component could be a single structure enhancing component or a combination of different structure enhancing components.
Examples of structure enhancing components are monoglycerides, diglyceri des, free fatty acids, lecithin and/or waxes.
In one embodiment only minute amounts of structure enhancing components are added to the fat composition.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition is an oil-binding ingredient.
The present invention thus relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil binding ingredient for use in an animal feed compositions, wherein said fat composition comprises 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, 50-80% by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 1-20% by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 10-30% by weight, such as 10-28 % by weight, such as 12-28 % by weight, such as 15-23 % by weight, such as 18-22 %
by weight of total fatty acids being C22.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 60-80% by weight, such as 60-76 % by weight, such as 50-73 % by weight, such as 50-70 % by weight, such as 55-68 %
by weight of total fatty acids being C18.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 1-20 % by weight, such as 1-17 % by weight, such as 1-15 % by weight, such as 1-11 % by weight, such as 5-11 % by weight, such as 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 10-30 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 60-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition is fully hydrogenated. By fully hydrogenating the fat composition the fat consistency is modified by saturating the double bonds.
This is further known to improve the shelf life of fats. By adding hydrogen to the double bonds of the fatty acid chains, oil can be transformed from an unsaturated to a saturated state and thus in this embodiment the C22 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of behenic acid, the C18 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of stearic acid, and the C16 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of palmitic acid.
When adding anything to an animal feed composition it is important that the majority of the ingredients are dedicated to the nutritional value of the animal feed composition. One advantage of the present invention is thus that the positive effect on the structure and crystallization behavior of the liquid oil is achieved using rather limited amounts of the fat composition of the present invention, i.e. the oil-binding ingredient.
In one embodiment the total lipid content of the animal feed composition comprises from 0.01 to 3 wt% of fat composition of the present invention.
In another embodiment the total lipid content comprises from 0.01 to 2 wt%, such as from 0.01 to 1 wt%, such as from 0.01 to 0.5 wt% of the fat composition.
Traditionally high erucic rapeseed oil has been used as a structure enhancer and crystallization starter (i.e. as an oil-binding ingredient) in high-energy animal feed compositions. For cost reasons the high erucic rapeseed oil has partly been replaced by fully hydrogenated palm fractions and other more cost-efficient vegetable oils. However, the market demands sustainable solutions and palm oil has been questioned in this regard, especially in Norway, and hence an animal feed composition not containing oil originating from palm trees is in high demand.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from a vegetable oil or fat, such as oil or fat from sunflower, karuka, camelina, carinata, olive, corn, safflower, kokum, sesame, rice bran, shea, cocoa, illipe, sal, mango, evening primrose, borage, flaxseed/linseed, canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, ground nut, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
In another embodiment the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from oil or fat from sunflower, karuka, canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
In another embodiment the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from oil or fat from canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, carinata and/or soybean.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition does not contain fatty acids derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil.
Use of the fat composition of the present invention is also part of the disclosure.
In one embodiment use of the fat composition as an ingredient in an animal feed composition is part of the disclosure.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprising 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68% by weight of total fatty acids being C18, and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16 is used in the manufacture of an animal feed composition.
In another embodiment the animal feed composition is used for feeding an animal, preferably a fish.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 - Ability to crystallize and build a strong network In order to evaluate the properties of the fat composition of the invention (a fat composition suitable as an oil-binding ingredient) the ability to crystallize (i.e.
crystallization start) and form a network to build structure together with the soft oils is evaluated.
Method description Preparation 1. The fat composition is heated to between 70 C and 80 C
2. 1-5% of the fat composition is homogenously distributed in a refined liquid oil (min 50g).
3. The blend is heated to between 70 C and 80 C.
4. 3 ml of the pre-heated blend is distributed in small tubes.
The term "vegetable oil" is intended to mean an oil or fat originating from a plant. Thus, a vegetable fat or vegetable triglycerides are still to be understood as vegetable fat or oil or vegetable triglycerides after fractionation, hydrogenation and/or interesterification etc.
As used herein, "hydrogenation" should be understood as the process of modifying fat consistency by saturating the double bonds. By adding hydrogen to the double bonds of the fatty acid chains, oil can be transformed from an unsaturated to a saturated state. This is further known to improve the shelf life of fats.
As used herein, "oil binding ingredient" should be understood as a fat composition which forms a structure with a liquid oil. Therefore, the oil binding ingredient initiates crystallization forming a harder structure, and has oil binding properties, thus immobilizes the liquid oil in the structure. Thereby, the leakage of liquid oil from the animal feed composition is further reduced or prevented.
As used herein, the term "fatty acid" encompasses free fatty acids and fatty acid residues in triglycerides, preferably it is fatty acid residues in triglycerides. This means that the fatty acids of the invention predominantly is present in the form of triglycerides, i.e. as a tri-ester consisting of a glycerol bound to three fatty acids. The three fatty acids bound to the glycerol can be the same fatty acid or they can be different fatty acids. Thus, the fatty acids of the invention are not predominantly present as mono- and/or diglycerides. As used herein, the term "and/or" is intended to mean the combined ("and") and the exclusive ("or") use, i.e. "A
and/or B" is intended to mean "A alone, or B alone, or A and B together". For example, in the context "rapeseed oil and/or cotton seed oil" it is thus intended to mean "rapeseed oil", "cotton seed oil" or "rapeseed oil and cotton seed oil".
As used herein the term "C22 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 22. The C22 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C22:0 and/or C22:1. If the C22 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of behenic acid (C22:0).
The C22 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
As used herein the term "C18 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 18. The C18 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C18:0 and/or C18:1. If the C18 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of stearic acid (C18:0).
The C18 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
As used herein the term "C16 fatty acid" is intended to refer to fatty acids having a carbon length of 16. The C16 fatty acid can contain one or more carbon-carbon double bond(s), thereby making the fatty acid mono or polyunsaturated, i.e. C16:0 and/or C16:1. If the C16 fatty acid is fully hydrogenated it is in the form of palmitic acid (C16:0).
The C16 fatty acid of the invention is preferably fatty acid residues in triglycerides.
Animal feed compositions in general, and feed for aquaculture in particular, is a concentrated package of nutrients and energy designed to provide rapid, healthy and cost-effective growth of the animal (e.g. fish such as salmon) and prime quality of the end products. The feed covers all the needs of the animal in all phases of life, from stocking to harvest. The composition thus comprises various animal feed ingredients. The skilled person will know which ingredients a given animal feed composition contains and will know how to produce such an animal feed composition. The animal feed composition according to the inventions is used as aquafeed, for companion or farmed animals and in pet food. Typically, the animal feed composition is used for animal such as cattle (dairy and beef), pig, horse, goat, sheep, rodents, chicken, goose, duck or turkey. Pet food is more dedicated to cats or dogs, and aquafeed is suitable for fish (e.g. farm- and costal-raised carp, tilapia, salmon, walleye, trout, sea-bass or catfish), and crustaceans (e.g. shrimp, lobster, crabs, crayfish and prawns) and molluscs (e.g. snails, clams, oysters, squid, octopus and mussels). The animal feed composition of the present invention is preferably used as aquafeed, preferably a fish feed composition. In one aspect, the fish feed composition is a salmon feed composition. Salmon fish requires particularly high amounts of liquid oils showing high amounts of unsaturated fatty acids for its growth and development and thus, the present invention is particularly suitable for high energy feed providing welfare and development of the fish.
The fish feed composition preferably does not float on a water surface, but rather slowly sinks in the water. Preferably, the fish feed composition is designed in a sustainable way, dust-free and stable in water to prevent water polution. The size of the fish feed composition depends on the individual type of fish and is known by the person skilled in the art.
During the last years the aquaculture feed industry has increased the percentage of vegetable oils replacing marine raw materials e.g. fish oil in the fish feed. At the same time there has been an increased demand for high energy animal feed compositions and thus the amount of liquid oil in the animal feed compositions has increased. High amounts of liquid oil in the animal feed composition are particularly preferred, as the high energy value of liquid oils can promote growth and development of the animals being fed with the animal feed composition.
In addition, liquid oils comprise high amounts of unsaturated and poly-unsaturated fatty acids that are particularly beneficial for the growth and development in animals.
The liquid oil can be one liquid oil or more liquids oils, i.e. mixture of more than one liquid oil. The liquid oil or the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 35 C. In the case of the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 35 C it is understood that the final mixture of the more than one liquid oils have a melting point of less than 35 C. In another preferred embodiment, the liquid oil or the mixture of more than one liquid oil has a melting point of less than 20 C.
In one embodiment of the present invention the animal feed composition comprises a total lipid content of from 10 to 60 wt%. In another embodiment of the present invention the animal feed composition comprises a total lipid content of from 20-50 wt%, such as from 30-50 wt%, such as from 20-40 wt%, such as from 40-50 wt%.
In one embodiment of the present invention the total lipid content comprises at least 40 wt%
of a liquid oil, such as at least 50 wt%, such as at least 60 wt% of a liquid oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention the total lipid content comprises from 40 to 100 wt% of a liquid oil, such as from 50 to 100 wt%, such as from 60 to 100 wt% of a liquid oil.
The liquid oil is derived from a vegetable oil and/or an animal oil. In one embodiment the liquid oil is derived from both vegetable oil and animal oil. The animal oil in the liquid oil can be any animal oil, preferably originating from marine animals (e.g. fish), and/or other animals such as poultry, cattle, pig, horse and/or wild game. Preferably, the vegetable oil in the liquid oil is a vegetable liquid oil selected from the group consisting of oils and fats from palm, palm kernel, cotton seed, corn, groundnut, linseed, olive, rapeseed, canola, rice bran, sesame, safflower, soybean, sunflower, shea and camelina. Also included in the list is their corresponding mid or high oleic varieties or any variety with increased level of unsaturated fatty acids compared to the original seed variety and mixture of two or more thereof.
Examples are high oleic sunflower oil, high oleic soybean oil, high oleic canola oil and high erucic rapeseed oil.
In one embodiment of the present invention it is desired that the total lipid content is distributed more or less homogenous within the animal feed composition. The total lipid content is distributed within the animal feed composition so that the animal feed composition may comprise the maximum amount of liquid oil. By the distribution of the oil binding ingredient in the total lipid content within the animal feed composition, leakage of the liquid oil from the animal feed composition is reduced or prevented. The oil binding ingredient is thus not a coating per se, but rather exists as an integrated part of the final animal feed composition. The oil binding ingredient can also in one embodiment be added as done in the prior art, namely by spraying and coating. In a preferred embodiment the oil binding ingredient is added in such a way that it is distributed more or less homogenous within the animal feed composition.
In a preferred embodiment the animal feed composition is a solid animal feed composition, preferably in the form of a pellet. Preferably, the pellet has small pores, i.e. the pellet is a porous pellet. The use of a fat composition according to the invention for a porous animal feed composition is particularly effective in the reduction or prevention of liquid oil leakage.
With the demand for an increased percentage of liquid oil keeping the structure of the animal feed composition is challenging for the manufactures of animal feed compositions. In order to achieve a high energy density an increased amount of liquid oil is added, and this makes it difficult to maintain a stable structure and good physical quality of the animal feed composition. The stable structure is important as it helps encapsulate the nutrients in the animal feed composition. Traditionally, coating fats with additives have been added after extrusion of the animal feed composition. High temperature processing and storage and harsh treatment during administration of the animal feed composition has previously required a high melting fat to be used as component in the coating fat and additives are often also used, e.g.
addition of wax.
The present invention provides a different solution and relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil-binding ingredient that can achieve the desired functionality in terms of forming structure and altering crystallization behavior by utilizing an optimized ratio of C16, C18 and C22 fatty acids. The fat composition of the present invention has the ability to crystallize and form a network to build structure in a blend with oils with low melting point/soft oils (see Examples). Hence, the structure of the animal feed composition is maintained even with high levels of liquid oil present in the animal feed composition, hence preserving the nutrients in the animal feed composition, and the functionality is even achieved without using additives such as wax. This positive effect is achieved using rather limited amounts of the fat composition of the present invention thereby not affecting the nutritional value of the animal feed composition noticeably.
In one embodiment the fat composition, of the present invention can be combined with a structure enhancing component. Such a structure enhancing component could be a single structure enhancing component or a combination of different structure enhancing components.
Examples of structure enhancing components are monoglycerides, diglyceri des, free fatty acids, lecithin and/or waxes.
In one embodiment only minute amounts of structure enhancing components are added to the fat composition.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition is an oil-binding ingredient.
The present invention thus relates to a fat composition suitable as an oil binding ingredient for use in an animal feed compositions, wherein said fat composition comprises 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, 50-80% by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 1-20% by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 10-30% by weight, such as 10-28 % by weight, such as 12-28 % by weight, such as 15-23 % by weight, such as 18-22 %
by weight of total fatty acids being C22.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 60-80% by weight, such as 60-76 % by weight, such as 50-73 % by weight, such as 50-70 % by weight, such as 55-68 %
by weight of total fatty acids being C18.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 1-20 % by weight, such as 1-17 % by weight, such as 1-15 % by weight, such as 1-11 % by weight, such as 5-11 % by weight, such as 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 10-30 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 60-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprises 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
In one embodiment the fat composition is fully hydrogenated. By fully hydrogenating the fat composition the fat consistency is modified by saturating the double bonds.
This is further known to improve the shelf life of fats. By adding hydrogen to the double bonds of the fatty acid chains, oil can be transformed from an unsaturated to a saturated state and thus in this embodiment the C22 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of behenic acid, the C18 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of stearic acid, and the C16 fatty acid present in the fat composition is in the form of palmitic acid.
When adding anything to an animal feed composition it is important that the majority of the ingredients are dedicated to the nutritional value of the animal feed composition. One advantage of the present invention is thus that the positive effect on the structure and crystallization behavior of the liquid oil is achieved using rather limited amounts of the fat composition of the present invention, i.e. the oil-binding ingredient.
In one embodiment the total lipid content of the animal feed composition comprises from 0.01 to 3 wt% of fat composition of the present invention.
In another embodiment the total lipid content comprises from 0.01 to 2 wt%, such as from 0.01 to 1 wt%, such as from 0.01 to 0.5 wt% of the fat composition.
Traditionally high erucic rapeseed oil has been used as a structure enhancer and crystallization starter (i.e. as an oil-binding ingredient) in high-energy animal feed compositions. For cost reasons the high erucic rapeseed oil has partly been replaced by fully hydrogenated palm fractions and other more cost-efficient vegetable oils. However, the market demands sustainable solutions and palm oil has been questioned in this regard, especially in Norway, and hence an animal feed composition not containing oil originating from palm trees is in high demand.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from a vegetable oil or fat, such as oil or fat from sunflower, karuka, camelina, carinata, olive, corn, safflower, kokum, sesame, rice bran, shea, cocoa, illipe, sal, mango, evening primrose, borage, flaxseed/linseed, canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, ground nut, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
In another embodiment the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from oil or fat from sunflower, karuka, canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
In another embodiment the fat composition comprises fatty acids derived from oil or fat from canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, carinata and/or soybean.
In one embodiment of the present invention the fat composition does not contain fatty acids derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil.
Use of the fat composition of the present invention is also part of the disclosure.
In one embodiment use of the fat composition as an ingredient in an animal feed composition is part of the disclosure.
In one embodiment the fat composition comprising 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68% by weight of total fatty acids being C18, and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16 is used in the manufacture of an animal feed composition.
In another embodiment the animal feed composition is used for feeding an animal, preferably a fish.
EXAMPLES
Example 1 - Ability to crystallize and build a strong network In order to evaluate the properties of the fat composition of the invention (a fat composition suitable as an oil-binding ingredient) the ability to crystallize (i.e.
crystallization start) and form a network to build structure together with the soft oils is evaluated.
Method description Preparation 1. The fat composition is heated to between 70 C and 80 C
2. 1-5% of the fat composition is homogenously distributed in a refined liquid oil (min 50g).
3. The blend is heated to between 70 C and 80 C.
4. 3 ml of the pre-heated blend is distributed in small tubes.
5. The tube with the blend is heated to between 70 C and 80 C and then placed in room temperature (approx. 18 C).
6. The sample is stored at RT and evaluation is performed visually after 1 hour, 1 day and 5 days.
Evaluation 1. The visual evaluation is done by assessing the homogeneity of the sample. If separated, description of the sample is made, and the separated transparent part of the sample is measured (height in mm).
2. Assessment of the ability to crystallize and form network is done by tilting the tube and then a description of the samples according to the following scale is done:
1. Flowable 2. Flowable with structure, easy to pour from the tube 3. Movable with structure, pourable from the tube 4. Questionable movable, can hardly be poured from the tube 5. Not movable, some movement when pouring 6. Firm, remains in the tube Table 1 - Ability to crystallize and build a strong network 1 hour @ 20 C 1 day @ 20 C 5 days @ 20 C
Sample Ability to Separati Ability to Separati Ability to Separati form on form on form on network* network* network*
1% Test composition 1 none 1 8 mm 1 12 mm 1% Market reference 1 none 1 5 mm 1 11 mm 2% Test composition 1 none 1 2 mm 1 4 mm 2% Market reference 2 none 1 1 mm 1 3 mm 4% Test composition 6 none 5 none 6 none 4% Market reference 6 none 6 none 5 none *Visual measurement of network formation according to evaluation defined in method description Table 1 shows that the test composition of the present invention (mix of oil from cotton, REAR, rapeseed and soybean) has the same ability as the market reference comprising 100%
REAR (High Erucic Acid Rapeseed oil) to form a structure/network with liquid oil in a blend with refined rapeseed oil in different ratios. It also shows that the strength of the network, measured as ability to prevent separation, is comparable between the test composition of the present invention (test composition) and the market reference.
Example 2 - Crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition By using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) the crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition of the invention was evaluated. In the following example, samples were analyzed by a METTLER TOLEDO DSC822e with a HAAKE EK90/MT
cooling system. The oil samples were heated up to 10-15 C above the melting point and homogenized properly. 10+/- 3 mg of oil samples were sealed in a 40 [tL
aluminum capsule, with an empty capsule as reference. Samples were measured by using a developed and validated method for this specific application. Experiments were performed in duplicate. A
person skilled in the art knows how to perform a DSC analysis.
Table 2 - Crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition Ratio of Oil-Binding-ingredient (wt. " ) Crystallization Crystallization blended with refined RSO temperature ( C) temperature ( C) Test composition Market reference 100 51.39 56.4 75 48.73 53.9 50 45.6 50.5 25 41.32 43.4 35.45 40.3 5 31.08 34.8 2 24.91 29.0 0 0.0 0.0 Table 2 shows the typical crystallization temperatures for a market reference (100% REAR) and the present invention (test composition as described in Example 1), either oilin a blend with refined rapeseed oil (RSO) according to the described DSC method.
As can be seen from Table 2 the crystallization temperature is a bit lower for the test composition, than for the market reference, which has an influence on the production conditions which the animal feed composition producers should use when working with the test composition. The skilled person will know that when the crystallization temperature is different for a fat composition, the temperature at which it is liquid also is changed. A lower crystallization temperature means that the fat crystallizes (i.e. becomes solid) at a lower temperature. Because the crystallization temperature is lower, the storage temperature (i.e. the temperature in the storage tank) can be lower for the test composition compared to the market reference. On the other hand, more cooling might be needed during production using the test composition compared to the market reference. Thus, the crystallization temperature data gives an indication of how to handle the test composition compared to the market reference in a production line, since the skilled person will know to work in temperature ranges which correlates with the crystallization temperatures of the fat composition.
Example 3 - Fatty acid composition to improve the functionality Table 3 - Optimized ratio between C22, C18 and C16 Typical values:
Sample C22:C18:C16*
Test composition 0.037 Reference composition 0.082 Market reference 0.259 * value obtained by dividing the amount of C22 by the amount of C18 and then dividing this with the amount of C16 present in the composition/reference Table 3 refers to the ratio of C16, C18 and C22 in one version of the test composition of the present invention, compared to a commercially available reference composition (supplied by AAK Sweden to the global aquaculture industry) and the market reference (100%
REAR).
The present invention provides a super optimized ratio between the critical fatty acids.
An optimized ratio of C16, C18 and C22 provides the foundation for a structure building functionality. The method applied for this measurement is IUPAC 2.304.
Example 4 ¨ Separation of the liquid fat phase from feed pellets i.e. oil leakage The extent of oil leakage from a feed pellets was accelerated by placing pellets onto absorption papers/filter paper, store these for a short time period at an elevated temperature, and then determine the amount of oil which had been released.
Method description:
g of feed pellets are carefully weighed and placed in the center of the filter paper dish.
Samples of pellets are tested in three replicates. The Petri dishes are stored in a heat cabin at 40 C. After 24 hours the pellets are carefully removed from the filter paper and the filter papers are once again weighed carefully. Leakage is then calculated based upon the increase in weight of the filter paper.
Table 4 ¨ Separation of the liquid fat phase from feed pellets i.e. oil leakage performed on industry scale produced pellets Storage of pellets on filter paper in 40 C during 24h Sample Oil leakage/g pellets Reference composition 0.0235 Test composition 0.0196 Table 4 shows the results from storage tests of industry scale produced fish feed pellet based on the fat composition of the present invention (test composition) and a commercially available market reference supplied by AAK Sweden to the global aquaculture industry (reference composition). The test clearly indicates that the test composition, used in the same recipe and with the same processing parameters, has an improved functionality to prevent oil leakage from the pellets during storage under harsh conditions. The test composition reduces the oil leakage by more than 15%.
Overall conclusion Results from above described examples demonstrates that the fat composition of the present invention function as an oil-binding ingredient and demonstrates its ability to fulfill the demands on functionality and properties, e.g. building structure and strong networks with the other ingredients in the pellet, performance during production of pellet, prevention of fat leakage and production problems, prevent disruption of the feed stream, and storage conditions.
The results from lab scale evaluations are very well correlated to the performance of an oil-binding ingredient in full scale (factory production of pellets).
Evaluation 1. The visual evaluation is done by assessing the homogeneity of the sample. If separated, description of the sample is made, and the separated transparent part of the sample is measured (height in mm).
2. Assessment of the ability to crystallize and form network is done by tilting the tube and then a description of the samples according to the following scale is done:
1. Flowable 2. Flowable with structure, easy to pour from the tube 3. Movable with structure, pourable from the tube 4. Questionable movable, can hardly be poured from the tube 5. Not movable, some movement when pouring 6. Firm, remains in the tube Table 1 - Ability to crystallize and build a strong network 1 hour @ 20 C 1 day @ 20 C 5 days @ 20 C
Sample Ability to Separati Ability to Separati Ability to Separati form on form on form on network* network* network*
1% Test composition 1 none 1 8 mm 1 12 mm 1% Market reference 1 none 1 5 mm 1 11 mm 2% Test composition 1 none 1 2 mm 1 4 mm 2% Market reference 2 none 1 1 mm 1 3 mm 4% Test composition 6 none 5 none 6 none 4% Market reference 6 none 6 none 5 none *Visual measurement of network formation according to evaluation defined in method description Table 1 shows that the test composition of the present invention (mix of oil from cotton, REAR, rapeseed and soybean) has the same ability as the market reference comprising 100%
REAR (High Erucic Acid Rapeseed oil) to form a structure/network with liquid oil in a blend with refined rapeseed oil in different ratios. It also shows that the strength of the network, measured as ability to prevent separation, is comparable between the test composition of the present invention (test composition) and the market reference.
Example 2 - Crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition By using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) the crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition of the invention was evaluated. In the following example, samples were analyzed by a METTLER TOLEDO DSC822e with a HAAKE EK90/MT
cooling system. The oil samples were heated up to 10-15 C above the melting point and homogenized properly. 10+/- 3 mg of oil samples were sealed in a 40 [tL
aluminum capsule, with an empty capsule as reference. Samples were measured by using a developed and validated method for this specific application. Experiments were performed in duplicate. A
person skilled in the art knows how to perform a DSC analysis.
Table 2 - Crystallization- and melting properties of the fat composition Ratio of Oil-Binding-ingredient (wt. " ) Crystallization Crystallization blended with refined RSO temperature ( C) temperature ( C) Test composition Market reference 100 51.39 56.4 75 48.73 53.9 50 45.6 50.5 25 41.32 43.4 35.45 40.3 5 31.08 34.8 2 24.91 29.0 0 0.0 0.0 Table 2 shows the typical crystallization temperatures for a market reference (100% REAR) and the present invention (test composition as described in Example 1), either oilin a blend with refined rapeseed oil (RSO) according to the described DSC method.
As can be seen from Table 2 the crystallization temperature is a bit lower for the test composition, than for the market reference, which has an influence on the production conditions which the animal feed composition producers should use when working with the test composition. The skilled person will know that when the crystallization temperature is different for a fat composition, the temperature at which it is liquid also is changed. A lower crystallization temperature means that the fat crystallizes (i.e. becomes solid) at a lower temperature. Because the crystallization temperature is lower, the storage temperature (i.e. the temperature in the storage tank) can be lower for the test composition compared to the market reference. On the other hand, more cooling might be needed during production using the test composition compared to the market reference. Thus, the crystallization temperature data gives an indication of how to handle the test composition compared to the market reference in a production line, since the skilled person will know to work in temperature ranges which correlates with the crystallization temperatures of the fat composition.
Example 3 - Fatty acid composition to improve the functionality Table 3 - Optimized ratio between C22, C18 and C16 Typical values:
Sample C22:C18:C16*
Test composition 0.037 Reference composition 0.082 Market reference 0.259 * value obtained by dividing the amount of C22 by the amount of C18 and then dividing this with the amount of C16 present in the composition/reference Table 3 refers to the ratio of C16, C18 and C22 in one version of the test composition of the present invention, compared to a commercially available reference composition (supplied by AAK Sweden to the global aquaculture industry) and the market reference (100%
REAR).
The present invention provides a super optimized ratio between the critical fatty acids.
An optimized ratio of C16, C18 and C22 provides the foundation for a structure building functionality. The method applied for this measurement is IUPAC 2.304.
Example 4 ¨ Separation of the liquid fat phase from feed pellets i.e. oil leakage The extent of oil leakage from a feed pellets was accelerated by placing pellets onto absorption papers/filter paper, store these for a short time period at an elevated temperature, and then determine the amount of oil which had been released.
Method description:
g of feed pellets are carefully weighed and placed in the center of the filter paper dish.
Samples of pellets are tested in three replicates. The Petri dishes are stored in a heat cabin at 40 C. After 24 hours the pellets are carefully removed from the filter paper and the filter papers are once again weighed carefully. Leakage is then calculated based upon the increase in weight of the filter paper.
Table 4 ¨ Separation of the liquid fat phase from feed pellets i.e. oil leakage performed on industry scale produced pellets Storage of pellets on filter paper in 40 C during 24h Sample Oil leakage/g pellets Reference composition 0.0235 Test composition 0.0196 Table 4 shows the results from storage tests of industry scale produced fish feed pellet based on the fat composition of the present invention (test composition) and a commercially available market reference supplied by AAK Sweden to the global aquaculture industry (reference composition). The test clearly indicates that the test composition, used in the same recipe and with the same processing parameters, has an improved functionality to prevent oil leakage from the pellets during storage under harsh conditions. The test composition reduces the oil leakage by more than 15%.
Overall conclusion Results from above described examples demonstrates that the fat composition of the present invention function as an oil-binding ingredient and demonstrates its ability to fulfill the demands on functionality and properties, e.g. building structure and strong networks with the other ingredients in the pellet, performance during production of pellet, prevention of fat leakage and production problems, prevent disruption of the feed stream, and storage conditions.
The results from lab scale evaluations are very well correlated to the performance of an oil-binding ingredient in full scale (factory production of pellets).
Claims (24)
1. A fat composition suitable as an oil binding ingredient for use in an animal feed composition, wherein said fat composition comprises:
a. 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, b. 50-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and c. 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16
a. 10-35 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22, b. 50-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and c. 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16
2. The fat composition of any preceding claim, wherein the fat composition is fully hydrogenated.
3. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fat composition comprises 10-30% by weight, such as 10-28 % by weight, such as 12-28 % by weight, such as 15-23 % by weight, such as 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22.
4. The fat composition according to any preceding claims, wherein the fat composition comprises 60-80% by weight, such as 60-76 % by weight, such as 50-73 % by weight, such as 50-70 % by weight, such as 55-68 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18.
5. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fat composition comprises 1-20 % by weight, such as 1-17 % by weight, such as 1-15 % by weight, such as 1-11 % by weight, such as 5-11 % by weight, such as 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
6. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fat composition comprises 10-30 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 60-80 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 1-20 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
7. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fat composition comprises 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18 and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16.
8. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the C22 fatty acid is in the form of behenic acid.
9. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the C18 fatty acid is in the form of stearic acid.
10. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the C16 fatty acid is in the form of palmitic acid.
11. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fatty acids is derived from a vegetable oil or fat, such as oil or fat from sunflower, karuka, camelina, carinata, olive, corn, safflower, kokum, sesame, rice bran, shea, cocoa, illipe, sal, mango, evening primrose, borage, flaxseed/linseed, canola, rapeseed, high-erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, ground nut, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
12. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fatty acids is derived from oil or fat from carinata, karuka, canola, rapeseed, high-erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, palm, palm kernel and/or soybean.
13. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein the fatty acids are derived from oil or fat from canola, rapeseed, high erucic rapeseed, cotton seed, carinata and/or soybean.
14. The fat composition according to any preceding claim, wherein said fat composition does not contain fatty acids derived from palm oil or palm kernel oil.
15. The fat composition of any preceding claim, wherein said fat composition is an oil binding ingredient.
16. An animal feed composition comprising a total lipid content of from 10 to 60 wt%, wherein said total lipid content comprises a. at least 40 % by weight of a liquid oil, and b. 0.01 to 3 % by weight of the fat composition of claims 1-15.
17. The animal feed composition according to claim 16, wherein said total lipid content is distributed within the animal feed composition.
18. The animal feed composition of claims 16-17, wherein the total lipid content comprises at least 50 % by weight and preferably at least 60 % by weight of a liquid oil.
19. The animal feed composition of claims 16-18, wherein said total lipid content comprises 0.01 to 2 % by weight, such as 0.01 to 1 % by weight such as 0.01 to 0.5 %
by weight of the fat composition of claims 1-15.
by weight of the fat composition of claims 1-15.
20. The animal feed composition of claims 16-19, wherein the animal feed composition is an aquafeed composition, preferably a fish feed composition.
21. The animal feed composition according to claims 16-20, wherein the composition is in form of a pellet.
22. Use of the fat composition of claims 1-15 as an ingredient in an animal feed composition, preferably in an aquaculture feed composition.
23. Use of a fat composition comprising 18-22 % by weight of total fatty acids being C22 and 55-68 % by weight of total fatty acids being C18, and 7-11 % by weight of total fatty acids being C16 in the manufacture of an animal feed composition.
24. Use of the animal feed composition according to claims 16-21 for feeding an animal, preferably a fish.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE2050338 | 2020-03-27 | ||
| SE2050338-9 | 2020-03-27 | ||
| PCT/SE2021/050250 WO2021194408A1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-23 | Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3169278A1 true CA3169278A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
Family
ID=77890728
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3169278A Pending CA3169278A1 (en) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-03-23 | Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4125415A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2021244086A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3169278A1 (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2022002025A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK202200722A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2021194408A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO178714B (en) * | 1993-09-06 | 1996-02-12 | Nutreco Aquaculture Res Centre | Feed and process for the preparation of feeds containing low melting lipids, especially for aquatic organisms |
| SE9400584D0 (en) * | 1994-02-21 | 1994-02-21 | Ewos Aqua Ab | fish feed |
| GB2324701B (en) * | 1997-05-01 | 2001-05-16 | Ewos Ltd | Method for preparing high oil content fish feed pellets |
| NO321757B1 (en) * | 2002-10-07 | 2006-07-03 | Trouw Internat Bv | A feed block |
| EP1610624B1 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2008-08-20 | Biomar Group A/S | Fish feed pellets and method for making said pellets |
| EP1825762A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-29 | Nutreco Nederland B.V. | Coated animal feed with active compounds |
| GB201117037D0 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2011-11-16 | Danisco | Composition |
| WO2020007965A1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-01-09 | Cargill, Incorporated | Animal feed composition |
-
2021
- 2021-03-23 CA CA3169278A patent/CA3169278A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-23 AU AU2021244086A patent/AU2021244086A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-23 EP EP21776791.2A patent/EP4125415A4/en active Pending
- 2021-03-23 WO PCT/SE2021/050250 patent/WO2021194408A1/en active Application Filing
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2022
- 2022-07-27 CL CL2022002025A patent/CL2022002025A1/en unknown
- 2022-07-28 DK DKPA202200722A patent/DK202200722A1/en unknown
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| DK202200722A1 (en) | 2022-08-02 |
| EP4125415A1 (en) | 2023-02-08 |
| WO2021194408A1 (en) | 2021-09-30 |
| EP4125415A4 (en) | 2024-01-17 |
| AU2021244086A1 (en) | 2022-08-18 |
| CL2022002025A1 (en) | 2023-04-10 |
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