CA3163376C - Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof - Google Patents
Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3163376C CA3163376C CA3163376A CA3163376A CA3163376C CA 3163376 C CA3163376 C CA 3163376C CA 3163376 A CA3163376 A CA 3163376A CA 3163376 A CA3163376 A CA 3163376A CA 3163376 C CA3163376 C CA 3163376C
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- Prior art keywords
- steel sheet
- rolled steel
- cold rolled
- heat treated
- temperature
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- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 96
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001955 cumulated effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 Aluminum Nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001484259 Lacuna Species 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000979 retarding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0463—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0473—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/002—Bainite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Abstract
A heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements 0.09% = Carbon = 0.15 %,1.8% = Manganese = 2.5%, 0.2 % = Silicon = 0.7 %, 0.01% = Aluminum = 0.1%, 0 % = Phosphorus = 0.09 %, 0 % = Sulfur = 0.09 %, 0 % = Nitrogen = 0.09%, 0 % = Niobium = 0.1%, 0 % = Titanium = 0.1%, 0 % = Chromium = 1%, 0 % = Molybdenum = 1%, 0 % = Vanadium = 0.1%, 0 % = Calcium = 0.005%, 0 % = Boron = 0.01%, 0 % = Cerium = 0.1%, 0 % = Magnesium ? 0.05%, 0 % = Zirconium ? 0.05% the remainder composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, the microstructure of said steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 65 to 85% Tempered Martensite, 0% to 5% Residual Austenite and a cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite between 15 and 35%.
Description
HEAT TREATED COLD ROLLED STEEL SHEET AND A METHOD OF
MANUFACTURING THEREOF
The present invention relates to cold rolled steel sheet with high strength and high formability having tensile strength of 950 MPa or more and a hole expansion ratio of more than 56% which is suitable for use as a steel sheet for vehicles.
Automotive parts are required to satisfy two inconsistent necessities, viz.
ease of forming and strength but in recent years a third requirement of improvement in fuel consumption is also bestowed upon automobiles in view of global environment concerns. Thus, now automotive parts must be made of material having high formability in order that to fit in the criteria of ease of fit in the intricate automobile assembly and at same time have to improve strength for vehicle crashworthiness and durability while reducing weight of vehicle to improve fuel efficiency.
Therefore, intense Research and development endeavors are put in to reduce the amount of material utilized in car by increasing the strength of material.
Conversely, an increase in strength of steel sheets decreases formability, and thus development of materials having both high strength and high formability is necessitated.
Earlier research and developments in the field of high strength and high formability steel sheets have resulted in several methods for producing high strength and high formability steel sheets, some of which are enumerated herein for conclusive appreciation of the present invention:
JP2012111978 is a patent application having a composition C: 0.05-0.3%, Si: 0.01-3.0%, Mn:0.5-3%, Al: 0.01-0.1%, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities and having a component composition consisting of, ferrite and tempered martensite as a main component of the high-strength cold rolled steel sheet but such steel is not able to reach more than 50% of hole expansion ratio.
MANUFACTURING THEREOF
The present invention relates to cold rolled steel sheet with high strength and high formability having tensile strength of 950 MPa or more and a hole expansion ratio of more than 56% which is suitable for use as a steel sheet for vehicles.
Automotive parts are required to satisfy two inconsistent necessities, viz.
ease of forming and strength but in recent years a third requirement of improvement in fuel consumption is also bestowed upon automobiles in view of global environment concerns. Thus, now automotive parts must be made of material having high formability in order that to fit in the criteria of ease of fit in the intricate automobile assembly and at same time have to improve strength for vehicle crashworthiness and durability while reducing weight of vehicle to improve fuel efficiency.
Therefore, intense Research and development endeavors are put in to reduce the amount of material utilized in car by increasing the strength of material.
Conversely, an increase in strength of steel sheets decreases formability, and thus development of materials having both high strength and high formability is necessitated.
Earlier research and developments in the field of high strength and high formability steel sheets have resulted in several methods for producing high strength and high formability steel sheets, some of which are enumerated herein for conclusive appreciation of the present invention:
JP2012111978 is a patent application having a composition C: 0.05-0.3%, Si: 0.01-3.0%, Mn:0.5-3%, Al: 0.01-0.1%, and the balance Fe and incidental impurities and having a component composition consisting of, ferrite and tempered martensite as a main component of the high-strength cold rolled steel sheet but such steel is not able to reach more than 50% of hole expansion ratio.
2 EP2971209 is patent that relates to a high strength hot dip galvanised complex phase steel strip having improved formability to be used in the automotive industry having an mandatory elemental composition C: 0.13 - 0.19 %, Mn :1.70 - 2.50 % Si: 0- 0.15 %, Al: 0.40 - 1.00 %, Cr: 0.05 - 0.25 %, Nb : 0.01 - 0.05 %,P : 0- 0.10 %, Ca: 0-0.004%, S: 0- 0.05 %, N : 0- 0.007 % the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein 0.40 % < Al + Si < 1.05 %
and Mn + Cr > 1.90 %, and having a complex phase microstructure, in volume percent, comprising 8-12 % retained austenite, 20 - 50 % bainite, less than 10 %
martensite, the remainder being ferrite but the granted patent is unable to reach the tensile strength beyond 900MPa.
The known prior art related to the manufacture of high strength and high formability steel sheets is inflicted by one or the other lacuna: hence there lies a need for a cold rolled steel sheet having high strength and high formability and a method of manufacturing the same.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve these problems by making available cold-rolled steel sheets that simultaneously have:
- an ultimate tensile strength greater than or equal to 950 MPa and preferably above 980 MPa, or even above 1000 MPa, - a total elongation greater than or equal to 8%.
- a hole expansion ratio of 56% or more and preferably 57% or more.
According to one aspect the present invention relates to a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
0.09% 5 Carbon _5 0.15 %
1.8% 5 Manganese 5 2.5%
0.2 % 5 Silicon 5 0.7 %
0.01% 5 Aluminum 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Phosphorus 5 0.09 %
0 % 5 Sulfur 5 0.09 %.
0 % 5 Nitrogen 5 0.09%
0% 5 Niobium 5 0.1%
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
and Mn + Cr > 1.90 %, and having a complex phase microstructure, in volume percent, comprising 8-12 % retained austenite, 20 - 50 % bainite, less than 10 %
martensite, the remainder being ferrite but the granted patent is unable to reach the tensile strength beyond 900MPa.
The known prior art related to the manufacture of high strength and high formability steel sheets is inflicted by one or the other lacuna: hence there lies a need for a cold rolled steel sheet having high strength and high formability and a method of manufacturing the same.
The purpose of the present invention is to solve these problems by making available cold-rolled steel sheets that simultaneously have:
- an ultimate tensile strength greater than or equal to 950 MPa and preferably above 980 MPa, or even above 1000 MPa, - a total elongation greater than or equal to 8%.
- a hole expansion ratio of 56% or more and preferably 57% or more.
According to one aspect the present invention relates to a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
0.09% 5 Carbon _5 0.15 %
1.8% 5 Manganese 5 2.5%
0.2 % 5 Silicon 5 0.7 %
0.01% 5 Aluminum 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Phosphorus 5 0.09 %
0 % 5 Sulfur 5 0.09 %.
0 % 5 Nitrogen 5 0.09%
0% 5 Niobium 5 0.1%
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
3 0% 5 Titanium 50.1%
0% 5 Chromium 5 1%
0 % 5 Molybdenum 5 1%
0% 5 Vanadium 50.1%
0 % 5 Calcium 5 0.005%
0 % 5 Boron 5 0.01%
0 % 5 Cerium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Magnesium ...- 0.05%
0 % 5 Zirconium -- 0.05%
the remainder of the composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities , a microstructure of said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 65 to 85% Tempered Martensite, 0% to 5%
Residual Austenite and a cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite between and 35%,wherein said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet has an 15 ultimate tensile strength of at least 950 MPa, a total elongation of at least 8%
and a hole expansion ratio greater than 55%, wherein while the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation are measured in accordance with ISO
6892 standard and the hole expansion ratio is measured in accordance with IS016630:2009 standard.
In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheet according to the invention may have a yield strength value greater than or above 750 MPa.
Preferably, such steel can also have a good suitability for forming, in particular for rolling with good weldability and coatability.
Another object of the present invention is also to make available a method for the manufacturing of these sheets that is compatible with conventional industrial applications while being robust towards manufacturing parameters shifts.
According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of production of heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising the following successive steps:
-providing a semi-finished steel product with a composition of the type described herein;
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3a - reheating said semi-finished product to a temperature between 1000 C
and 1250 C;
- rolling said semi-finished product in a temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +100 C wherein a hot rolling finishing temperature is above Ac3 to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
- cooling the hot rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of at least 30 C/s to a coiling temperature which is below 600 C; and coiling said cooled hot rolled steel sheet to obtain a coiled hot rolled sheet;
- cooling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet to room temperature;
- optionally performing a first scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- optionally annealing the coiled hot rolled steel sheet between 400 C
and 750 C;
- optionally performing a second scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- cold rolling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet with a reduction rate between 35 and 90% to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet;
- annealing said cold rolled steel sheet in two-step heating process wherein:
o a first step starts from heating the cold rolled steel sheet to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C, with a heating rate HR1 of at least 10 C/s, and o a second step starts from heating further the cold rolled steel sheet from HT1 to an annealing temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C, with a heating rate HR2 of at least 1 C/s , HR2 being lower than HR1, - then perform annealing at an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range during 5 to 1000 seconds, - then cooling the cold rolled steel sheet in a three-step cooling process wherein:
o a first step starts from cooling the steel sheet from the annealing temperature to a temperature CT1 between 675 C and 725 C, with a cooling rate CR1 of at most 10 C/s , Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3b o a second step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s, o a third step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 200 C/s, - heating said cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and tempering said cold rolled steel sheet during 100s to 1000 seconds, - cooling the cold rolled steel sheet to room temperature range to obtain a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
Carbon is present in the steel between 0.09% and 0.15%. Carbon is an element necessary for increasing the strength of a steel sheet by producing a low-temperature transformation phase such as martensite. A content less than 0.09% would not allow securing adequate amount of martensite, thereby decreasing strength as well as ductility. On the other hand, at a carbon content exceeding 0.15%, a weld zone and a heat-affected zone are significantly hardened, and thus the mechanical properties of the weld zone are impaired. The preferred limit for Carbon is between 0.1%
and 0.14%, more preferably 0.1% and 0.13%.
Manganese content of the steel of present invention is between 1.8% and 2.5%.
Manganese is an element that imparts strength by solid solution strengthening.
An amount of at least about 1.8 % by weight of manganese has been found in order to provide the strength and hardenability of the steel sheet. Thus, a higher percentage of Manganese such as 1.9% to 2.4% is preferred and more preferred limit is between 2.0% and 2.3%. But when manganese is more than 2.5%, this produces adverse effects such as slowing down the transformation of austenite to martensite during the cooling after annealing, leading to a reduction of strength. Moreover, a manganese content above 2.5% would also reduce the weldability of the present steel.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3c Silicon is an essential element for the steel of present invention, Silicon is present between 0.2% and 0.7%. Silicon is added to the steel of present invention to impart strength by solid solution strengthening. Silicon plays a part in the formation of the microstructure by preventing the precipitation of carbides and by promoting the formation of martensite. But whenever the silicon content is more than 0.7%, surface properties and weldability of steel is deteriorated, therefore the Silicon content is preferred between 0.3% and 0.7% and more preferably between 0.4% and 0.6%.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
0% 5 Chromium 5 1%
0 % 5 Molybdenum 5 1%
0% 5 Vanadium 50.1%
0 % 5 Calcium 5 0.005%
0 % 5 Boron 5 0.01%
0 % 5 Cerium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Magnesium ...- 0.05%
0 % 5 Zirconium -- 0.05%
the remainder of the composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities , a microstructure of said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 65 to 85% Tempered Martensite, 0% to 5%
Residual Austenite and a cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite between and 35%,wherein said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet has an 15 ultimate tensile strength of at least 950 MPa, a total elongation of at least 8%
and a hole expansion ratio greater than 55%, wherein while the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation are measured in accordance with ISO
6892 standard and the hole expansion ratio is measured in accordance with IS016630:2009 standard.
In a preferred embodiment, the steel sheet according to the invention may have a yield strength value greater than or above 750 MPa.
Preferably, such steel can also have a good suitability for forming, in particular for rolling with good weldability and coatability.
Another object of the present invention is also to make available a method for the manufacturing of these sheets that is compatible with conventional industrial applications while being robust towards manufacturing parameters shifts.
According to another aspect, the invention relates to a method of production of heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising the following successive steps:
-providing a semi-finished steel product with a composition of the type described herein;
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3a - reheating said semi-finished product to a temperature between 1000 C
and 1250 C;
- rolling said semi-finished product in a temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +100 C wherein a hot rolling finishing temperature is above Ac3 to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
- cooling the hot rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of at least 30 C/s to a coiling temperature which is below 600 C; and coiling said cooled hot rolled steel sheet to obtain a coiled hot rolled sheet;
- cooling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet to room temperature;
- optionally performing a first scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- optionally annealing the coiled hot rolled steel sheet between 400 C
and 750 C;
- optionally performing a second scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- cold rolling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet with a reduction rate between 35 and 90% to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet;
- annealing said cold rolled steel sheet in two-step heating process wherein:
o a first step starts from heating the cold rolled steel sheet to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C, with a heating rate HR1 of at least 10 C/s, and o a second step starts from heating further the cold rolled steel sheet from HT1 to an annealing temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C, with a heating rate HR2 of at least 1 C/s , HR2 being lower than HR1, - then perform annealing at an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range during 5 to 1000 seconds, - then cooling the cold rolled steel sheet in a three-step cooling process wherein:
o a first step starts from cooling the steel sheet from the annealing temperature to a temperature CT1 between 675 C and 725 C, with a cooling rate CR1 of at most 10 C/s , Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3b o a second step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s, o a third step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 200 C/s, - heating said cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and tempering said cold rolled steel sheet during 100s to 1000 seconds, - cooling the cold rolled steel sheet to room temperature range to obtain a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
Carbon is present in the steel between 0.09% and 0.15%. Carbon is an element necessary for increasing the strength of a steel sheet by producing a low-temperature transformation phase such as martensite. A content less than 0.09% would not allow securing adequate amount of martensite, thereby decreasing strength as well as ductility. On the other hand, at a carbon content exceeding 0.15%, a weld zone and a heat-affected zone are significantly hardened, and thus the mechanical properties of the weld zone are impaired. The preferred limit for Carbon is between 0.1%
and 0.14%, more preferably 0.1% and 0.13%.
Manganese content of the steel of present invention is between 1.8% and 2.5%.
Manganese is an element that imparts strength by solid solution strengthening.
An amount of at least about 1.8 % by weight of manganese has been found in order to provide the strength and hardenability of the steel sheet. Thus, a higher percentage of Manganese such as 1.9% to 2.4% is preferred and more preferred limit is between 2.0% and 2.3%. But when manganese is more than 2.5%, this produces adverse effects such as slowing down the transformation of austenite to martensite during the cooling after annealing, leading to a reduction of strength. Moreover, a manganese content above 2.5% would also reduce the weldability of the present steel.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 3c Silicon is an essential element for the steel of present invention, Silicon is present between 0.2% and 0.7%. Silicon is added to the steel of present invention to impart strength by solid solution strengthening. Silicon plays a part in the formation of the microstructure by preventing the precipitation of carbides and by promoting the formation of martensite. But whenever the silicon content is more than 0.7%, surface properties and weldability of steel is deteriorated, therefore the Silicon content is preferred between 0.3% and 0.7% and more preferably between 0.4% and 0.6%.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
4 Aluminum content of the present invention is between 0.01% and 0.1%.
Aluminum is added to de-oxidise the steel of present invention. Aluminum is an alphageneous element and also retarding the formation of carbides. This can increase the formability and ductility of steel. In order to obtain such an effect, Aluminum content is required at 0.01% or more. However, when the Aluminum content exceeds 0.1%, Ac3 point increases beyond acceptable, austenite single phase is very difficult to achieve industrially hence hot rolling in complete austenite region cannot be performed. Therefore, Aluminum content must not be more than 0.1%. The preferable limit for the presence of Aluminum is between 0.01% and io 0.08% and more preferably 0.01% and 0.05%.
Phosphorus content of the steel of present invention is limited to 0.09%.
Phosphorus is an element which hardens in solid solution and also interferes with formation of carbides. Therefore a small amount of phosphorus, of at least 0.002%
can be advantageous, but phosphorus has its adverse effects also, such as a is reduction of the spot weldability and the hot ductility, particularly due to its tendency to segregation at the grain boundaries or co-segregation with manganese. For these reasons, its content is preferably limited a maximum of 0.02%.
Sulfur is not an essential element but may be contained as an impurity in steel. The sulfur content is preferably as low as possible, but is 0.09% or less and zo preferably at most 0.01%, from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
Further if higher sulfur is present in steel it combine to form sulfide especially with Mn and Ti and reduces their beneficial impact on the present invention.
Nitrogen is limited to 0.09% in order to avoid ageing of material, nitrogen forms the nitrides which impart strength to the steel of present invention by 25 precipitation strengthening with Vanadium and Niobium but whenever the presence of nitrogen is more than 0.09% it can form high amount of Aluminum Nitrides which are detrimental for the present invention hence the preferable upper limit for nitrogen is 0.01%.
Niobium is an optional element that can be added to the steel up to 0.1%, 30 preferably between 0.001% and 0.1%. It is suitable for forming carbonitrides to impart strength to the steel according to the invention by precipitation hardening.
Because niobium delays the recrystallization during the heating, the microstructure formed at the end of the holding temperature and as a consequence after the complete annealing is finer, this leads to the hardening of the product. But, when the niobium content is above 0.1% the amount of carbo-nitrides is not favorable for
Aluminum is added to de-oxidise the steel of present invention. Aluminum is an alphageneous element and also retarding the formation of carbides. This can increase the formability and ductility of steel. In order to obtain such an effect, Aluminum content is required at 0.01% or more. However, when the Aluminum content exceeds 0.1%, Ac3 point increases beyond acceptable, austenite single phase is very difficult to achieve industrially hence hot rolling in complete austenite region cannot be performed. Therefore, Aluminum content must not be more than 0.1%. The preferable limit for the presence of Aluminum is between 0.01% and io 0.08% and more preferably 0.01% and 0.05%.
Phosphorus content of the steel of present invention is limited to 0.09%.
Phosphorus is an element which hardens in solid solution and also interferes with formation of carbides. Therefore a small amount of phosphorus, of at least 0.002%
can be advantageous, but phosphorus has its adverse effects also, such as a is reduction of the spot weldability and the hot ductility, particularly due to its tendency to segregation at the grain boundaries or co-segregation with manganese. For these reasons, its content is preferably limited a maximum of 0.02%.
Sulfur is not an essential element but may be contained as an impurity in steel. The sulfur content is preferably as low as possible, but is 0.09% or less and zo preferably at most 0.01%, from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost.
Further if higher sulfur is present in steel it combine to form sulfide especially with Mn and Ti and reduces their beneficial impact on the present invention.
Nitrogen is limited to 0.09% in order to avoid ageing of material, nitrogen forms the nitrides which impart strength to the steel of present invention by 25 precipitation strengthening with Vanadium and Niobium but whenever the presence of nitrogen is more than 0.09% it can form high amount of Aluminum Nitrides which are detrimental for the present invention hence the preferable upper limit for nitrogen is 0.01%.
Niobium is an optional element that can be added to the steel up to 0.1%, 30 preferably between 0.001% and 0.1%. It is suitable for forming carbonitrides to impart strength to the steel according to the invention by precipitation hardening.
Because niobium delays the recrystallization during the heating, the microstructure formed at the end of the holding temperature and as a consequence after the complete annealing is finer, this leads to the hardening of the product. But, when the niobium content is above 0.1% the amount of carbo-nitrides is not favorable for
5 the present invention as large amount of carbo-nitrides tend to reduce the ductility of the steel.
Titanium is an optional element which may be added to the steel of the present invention up to 0.1%, preferably between 0.001% and 0.1%. As niobium, it is involved in carbo-nitrides so plays a role in hardening. But it is also involved to form TiN appearing during solidification of the cast product. The amount of Ti is so limited to 0.1% to avoid coarse TiN detrimental for hole expansion. In case the titanium content is below 0.001% it does not impart any effect on the steel of present invention.
Chromium content of the steel of present invention is between 0 ./c. and 1%.
Chromium is an optional element that provide strength and hardening to the steel, but when used above 1 /0 impairs surface finish of the steel.
Molybdenum is an optional element that constitutes between 0% and 1% of the zo Steel of present invention; Molybdenum increases the hardenability of the steel of present invention and influences the transformation of austenite to Ferrite and Bainite during cooling after annealing. However, the addition of Molybdenum excessively increases the cost of the addition of alloy elements, so that for economic reasons its content is limited to 1%.
Vanadium is an optional element which may be added to the steel of the present invention up to 0.1%, preferably between 0.001% and 0.01%. As niobium, it is involved in carbo-nitrides so plays a role in hardening. But it is also involved to form VN appearing during solidification of the cast product. The amount of V
is so limited to 0.1% to avoid coarse VN detrimental for hole expansion. In case the vanadium content is below 0.001% it does not impart any effect on the steel of present invention.
Titanium is an optional element which may be added to the steel of the present invention up to 0.1%, preferably between 0.001% and 0.1%. As niobium, it is involved in carbo-nitrides so plays a role in hardening. But it is also involved to form TiN appearing during solidification of the cast product. The amount of Ti is so limited to 0.1% to avoid coarse TiN detrimental for hole expansion. In case the titanium content is below 0.001% it does not impart any effect on the steel of present invention.
Chromium content of the steel of present invention is between 0 ./c. and 1%.
Chromium is an optional element that provide strength and hardening to the steel, but when used above 1 /0 impairs surface finish of the steel.
Molybdenum is an optional element that constitutes between 0% and 1% of the zo Steel of present invention; Molybdenum increases the hardenability of the steel of present invention and influences the transformation of austenite to Ferrite and Bainite during cooling after annealing. However, the addition of Molybdenum excessively increases the cost of the addition of alloy elements, so that for economic reasons its content is limited to 1%.
Vanadium is an optional element which may be added to the steel of the present invention up to 0.1%, preferably between 0.001% and 0.01%. As niobium, it is involved in carbo-nitrides so plays a role in hardening. But it is also involved to form VN appearing during solidification of the cast product. The amount of V
is so limited to 0.1% to avoid coarse VN detrimental for hole expansion. In case the vanadium content is below 0.001% it does not impart any effect on the steel of present invention.
6 Calcium is an optional element which may be added to the steel of present invention up to 0.005%, preferably between 0.001% and 0.005%. Calcium is added to steel of present invention as an optional element especially during the inclusion treatment. Calcium contributes towards the refining of the steel by arresting the .. detrimental sulphur content in globularizing it.
Other elements such as cerium, boron, magnesium or zirconium can be added individually or in combination in the following proportions: Ce <0.1%, B
<
0.01%, Mg <0.05% and Zr <0.05%. Up to the maximum content levels indicated, these elements make it possible to refine the grain during solidification.
Present invention does not intend to add Copper and Nickel but these elements may be present as residuals up to 0.1% either severaly or cumulatively.
The remainder of the composition of the steel consists of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from processing.
The microstructure of the steel sheet according to the invention comprises in area fractions 65% to 85% of Tempered Martensite, 0% and 5% of residual austenite and cumulative amount of bainite and ferrite between 15% and 35%.
Tempered martensite constitutes the matrix phase for the steel of present invention Tempered Martensite constitutes between 65% and 85% of the microstructure by zo area fraction. Tempered martensite is formed from the martensite which forms during the second step of cooling after annealing and particularly below Ms temperature and more particularly between Ms-50 C and 20 C. Such martensite is then tempered during the holding at a tempering temperature Temper between 150 C and 400 C. The martensite of the present invention imparts ductility and strength to such steel. Preferably, the content of martensite is between 65%
and 80% and more preferably between 68% and 78%.
Bainite and Ferrite are cumulatively present in the steel between 15% and 35%. In a preferred embodiment, the range for cumulated amount of ferrite and bainite is between 20% and 35% and more preferably between 22% and 32%.
Other elements such as cerium, boron, magnesium or zirconium can be added individually or in combination in the following proportions: Ce <0.1%, B
<
0.01%, Mg <0.05% and Zr <0.05%. Up to the maximum content levels indicated, these elements make it possible to refine the grain during solidification.
Present invention does not intend to add Copper and Nickel but these elements may be present as residuals up to 0.1% either severaly or cumulatively.
The remainder of the composition of the steel consists of iron and inevitable impurities resulting from processing.
The microstructure of the steel sheet according to the invention comprises in area fractions 65% to 85% of Tempered Martensite, 0% and 5% of residual austenite and cumulative amount of bainite and ferrite between 15% and 35%.
Tempered martensite constitutes the matrix phase for the steel of present invention Tempered Martensite constitutes between 65% and 85% of the microstructure by zo area fraction. Tempered martensite is formed from the martensite which forms during the second step of cooling after annealing and particularly below Ms temperature and more particularly between Ms-50 C and 20 C. Such martensite is then tempered during the holding at a tempering temperature Temper between 150 C and 400 C. The martensite of the present invention imparts ductility and strength to such steel. Preferably, the content of martensite is between 65%
and 80% and more preferably between 68% and 78%.
Bainite and Ferrite are cumulatively present in the steel between 15% and 35%. In a preferred embodiment, the range for cumulated amount of ferrite and bainite is between 20% and 35% and more preferably between 22% and 32%.
7 Ferrite constituent improves the properties of the steel of the present invention, in particular regarding elongation and hole expansion ratio as ferrite is a soft and intrinsically ductile constituent. This ferrite is mainly formed during the first step of cooling after annealing. In a preferred embodiment, ferrite can be present at least in an amount of 15%.
Bainite can impart strength to the steel but when present in a large amount it may adversely impact the hole expansion ratio and elongation of the steel.
Bainite forms during the reheating before tempering. In a preferred embodiment, the bainite content is kept between 0% and 10%more preferably below 8% and even 3.0 more preferably below 5%.
Residual Austenite is an optional phase that can be present between 0% and 5%
in the steel, but is preferably not present.
In a preferred embodiment the steel sheet according to the invention may be obtained by any appropriate method. It is however preferred to use the process according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, which comprises the following successive steps:
Such process includes providing a semi-finished product of steel with a zo chemical composition according to the invention. The semi-finished product can be casted either into ingots or continuously in form of thin slabs or thin strips, i.e. with a thickness ranging from approximately 220mm for slabs up to several tens of millimeters for thin strip, for example.
For the purpose of simplification of the present invention, a slab will be considered as a semi-finished product. A slab having the above-described chemical composition is manufactured by continuous casting wherein the slab preferably underwent a direct soft reduction during casting to ensure the elimination of central segregation and porosity reduction. The slab provided by continuous casting process can be used directly at a high temperature after the continuous casting or may be first cooled to room temperature and then reheated for hot rolling.
Bainite can impart strength to the steel but when present in a large amount it may adversely impact the hole expansion ratio and elongation of the steel.
Bainite forms during the reheating before tempering. In a preferred embodiment, the bainite content is kept between 0% and 10%more preferably below 8% and even 3.0 more preferably below 5%.
Residual Austenite is an optional phase that can be present between 0% and 5%
in the steel, but is preferably not present.
In a preferred embodiment the steel sheet according to the invention may be obtained by any appropriate method. It is however preferred to use the process according to the preferred embodiments of the invention, which comprises the following successive steps:
Such process includes providing a semi-finished product of steel with a zo chemical composition according to the invention. The semi-finished product can be casted either into ingots or continuously in form of thin slabs or thin strips, i.e. with a thickness ranging from approximately 220mm for slabs up to several tens of millimeters for thin strip, for example.
For the purpose of simplification of the present invention, a slab will be considered as a semi-finished product. A slab having the above-described chemical composition is manufactured by continuous casting wherein the slab preferably underwent a direct soft reduction during casting to ensure the elimination of central segregation and porosity reduction. The slab provided by continuous casting process can be used directly at a high temperature after the continuous casting or may be first cooled to room temperature and then reheated for hot rolling.
8 The temperature of the slab which is subjected to hot rolling is at least 1000 C, preferably above 1100 C and must be below 1250 C. In case the temperature of the slab is lower than 1000 C, excessive load is imposed on a rolling mill, and further, the temperature of the steel may decrease to a ferrite .. transformation temperature during finishing rolling, whereby the steel will be rolled in a state in which transformed ferrite contained in the structure. Further, the temperature must not be above 1250 C as there would be a risk of formation of rough ferrite grains resulting in coarse ferrite grain which decreases the capacity of these grains to re-crystallize during hot rolling. The larger the initial ferrite grain size, the less easily it re-crystallizes, which means that reheat temperatures above 1250 C must be avoided because they are industrially expensive and unfavorable in terms of the recrystallization of ferrite.
The temperature of the slab is preferably sufficiently high so that hot rolling can be completed entirely in the austenitic range, the finishing hot rolling temperature remaining above Ac3 and preferably above Ac3 + 50 C. It is necessary that the final rolling be performed above Ac3, because below this temperature the steel sheet exhibits a significant drop in rollability. A
final rolling temperature is preferably above Ac3 +50 C to have a structure that is favorable to recrystallization and rolling.
The sheet obtained in this manner is then cooled down at a cooling rate of at least 30 Cis to the coiling temperature which is below 600 C. Preferably, the cooling rate will be less than or equal to 65 C/s and above 35 C/s. The coiling temperature is preferably of at least 350 C to avoid the transformation of austenite into ferrite and pearlite and to contribute in forming an homogenous bainite and martensite microstructure.
The coiled hot rolled steel sheet may be cooled down to room temperature before subjecting it to an optional hot band annealing or may be send to an optional hot band annealing directly.
Hot rolled steel sheet may be subjected to an optional pickling to remove the scale formed during the hot rolling, if needed. The hot rolled sheet is then subjected to an optional hot band annealing at a temperature between 400 C and 750 C, preferably during 1 to 96 hours.
The temperature of the slab is preferably sufficiently high so that hot rolling can be completed entirely in the austenitic range, the finishing hot rolling temperature remaining above Ac3 and preferably above Ac3 + 50 C. It is necessary that the final rolling be performed above Ac3, because below this temperature the steel sheet exhibits a significant drop in rollability. A
final rolling temperature is preferably above Ac3 +50 C to have a structure that is favorable to recrystallization and rolling.
The sheet obtained in this manner is then cooled down at a cooling rate of at least 30 Cis to the coiling temperature which is below 600 C. Preferably, the cooling rate will be less than or equal to 65 C/s and above 35 C/s. The coiling temperature is preferably of at least 350 C to avoid the transformation of austenite into ferrite and pearlite and to contribute in forming an homogenous bainite and martensite microstructure.
The coiled hot rolled steel sheet may be cooled down to room temperature before subjecting it to an optional hot band annealing or may be send to an optional hot band annealing directly.
Hot rolled steel sheet may be subjected to an optional pickling to remove the scale formed during the hot rolling, if needed. The hot rolled sheet is then subjected to an optional hot band annealing at a temperature between 400 C and 750 C, preferably during 1 to 96 hours.
9 Thereafter, pickling of this hot rolled steel sheet may be performed if necessary to remove the scale.
The hot rolled steel sheets are then cold rolled with a thickness reduction between 35 to 90%. The cold rolled steel sheet is then subjected to annealing to impart the steel of present invention with targeted microstructure and mechanical properties.
To anneal the cold rolled steel sheet, the cold rolled steel sheet is heated in a two-step heating process, in step one the cold rolled sheets is heated to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C at a heating rate HR1 of at least10 C/s. Then, in step two, the cold rolled sheet is heated from HT1 to an annealing temperature between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C at a heating rate HR2 of at least1 C/s and preferably at least 2.0 C/sHR1 is always higher than HR2.
The preferred HR1 is at least 15 C/s and the preferred HT1 temperature range is between 600 C and 630 C. The preferred range for annealing temperature is between Ac3 +10 C and Ac3 +150 C and more preferably between Ac3 +20 C
and Ac3 +100 C.
Then the cold rolled steel sheet is held at the annealing temperature during at least 5s and not more than 1000s. The temperature and time are selected to zo ensure 100% re-crystallization i.e. to obtain a percentage of 100%
austenite at the end of the annealing.
The sheet is then cooled in a three-step cooling process. In step one, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from the annealing temperature to a temperature between 675 C and 725 C at a cooling rate CR1 of 10 Cis or less. Then, in step two, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C
at a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s. Then, in step three, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C at a cooling rate CR3 which is at least 200 C/s.
In a preferred embodiment, the cooling rate CR1 is 5 C/s or less and CT1 is preferably between 685 C and 720 C and more preferably 685 C and 700 C.
The preferred range for CR2 is at least 40 C/s and the preferred range for CT2 is between 450 C and 525 C and more preferably between 460 C and 510 C. The preferred range for CR 3 is at least 300 C/s and more preferably at least 400 C/s.
Preferred limit for CT3 is between Ms-80 C and 20 C and more preferably between Ms-100 C and 20 C.
5 Then the cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s, or better of at least 20 C/s and to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and held at tempering temperature during at least 100 s but not more than 1000 s.
to obtain tempered martensite, conferring the steel of present invention with good mechanical properties. The preferred tempering temperature range is between io 320 C and 360 C and more preferably is 330 C and 350 C.
The cold rolled steel sheet is then cooled to room temperature, preferably at a cooling rate of 200 C/s or less.
An optional skin pass operation with a reduction rate below 1% may be performed at that stage or an optional tension leveling operation.
The heat treated cold rolled sheet may then be optionally coated by electrodeposition or vacuum coating or any other suitable process.
An optional post batch annealing, preferably done at 170 to 210 C during 12h to 30h can be done optionally after annealing on uncoated product or after coating on coated product in order to reduce hardness gradient between phases and ensure degasing for coated products.
EXAMPLES
The following tests and examples presented herein are non-restricting in nature and must be considered for purposes of illustration only, and will display the advantageous features of the present invention and expound the significance of the parameters chosen by inventors after extensive experiments and further establish the properties that can be achieved by the steel according to the invention.
Samples of the steel sheets according to the invention and to some comparative grades were prepared with the compositions gathered in table 1 and the processing parameters gathered in table 2. The corresponding microstructures of those steel sheets were gathered in table 3 and the properties in table 4.
Table 1 depicts the steels with the compositions expressed in percentages by weight.
Table 1 : composition of the trials Samples C Mn Si Al P S N Nb Ti Cr Mo B
A
0.116 2.150 0.482 0.031 0.020 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.017 0.036 0.002 0.003 B
0.117 2.120 0.495 0.033 0.02 0.022 0.002 0.011 0.015 0.040 0.002 0.004 C
0.114 2.180 0.458 0.032 0.017 0.019 0.002 0.018 0.025 0.033 0.002 0.003 Table 2 gathers the annealing process parameters implemented on steels of Table 1.
Table 2 also shows Ac3 and Martensite transformation Ms temperatures of the 1.0 steel samples. The calculation of Ac3 and Ms is done by using following formulas:
Ac3(Andrews) = 910 - 203[C]2 - 15.2[Ni] + 44.7 [Si] + 104[V] + 31.5[Mo] +
13.1[W]
- 30[Mn] - 11 [Cr] - 20[Cu]+ 700[P] + 400[A/] + 120 [As] + 400 [Ti]
Ms(Barbier) = 545 - 601.2 * (1 - EXP(-0.868 [C])) - 34.4[Mn] - 13,7[Si] -9.2[Cr]
- 17.3 [Ni] - 15.4[Mo] + 10.8[V] + 4.7[Co] - 1.4[A/] - 16.3 [Cu] - 361 [Nb]
- 2.44[Ti] - 3448[B]
Further, the samples were heated to a temperature between 1000 C and 1250 C and then subjected to hot rolling with finish temperature 890 C and thereafter were coiled at a temperature below 600 C. The hot rolled coils were then processed as claimed and cold rolled with a thickness reduction between 35 to 90%.
Table 2 : process parameters of the trials Table 2a ANNEALING and COOLING
Trial Steel HR1 HT1 HR2 Annealing Annealing CT1 CR1 CT2 CR2 CT3 CR3 ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) T ( C) time (s) ( C) ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) 11 A 22 610 2.à 870 112 688 2.1 462 64 20 587 12 B 18 600 2.6 870 130 691 t8 507 44 20 559 R1 A 23 590 3.5 870 102 702 2.1 487 66 20 677 R2 A 19 640 2.1 870 137 679 1.8 440 55 20 457 R3 C 18 610 2.4 875 137 660 2.1 460 46 20 478 R4 B 18 600 2.6 870 130 680 1.9 505 43 20 556 underlined values: not according to the invention.
Table 2b TEMPERING
Trial Heating Tempering Tempering Ms Ac3( C) rate for temp( C) time(s) ( C) ternpering ( C/s) Table 3 gathers the results of test conducted in accordance of standards on different microscopes such as Scanning Electron Microscope for determining microstructural composition of both the inventive steel and reference trials.
Table 3 : microstructures of the trials Steel Tempered Ferrite + Residual Sample Martensite Bainite Austenite 11 74.9 25.1 0 12 72.4 27.6 0 R1 88.4 11.6 0 R2 63.3 36.7 0 R3 56.8 43.2 0 R4 63.4 36.6 0 underlined values: not according to the invention.
Table 4 gathers the mechanical properties of both the inventive steel and reference steel. The tensile strength, yield strength and total elongation test are conducted in accordance with ISO 6892 standards, whereas to estimate hole expansion, a test called hole expansion is applied according the standard IS016630:2009. In this test, sample is subjected to punching to form a hole of lOmm (=Di) and deformed. After deformation, the hole diameter Df was measured and the hole expansion ratio (HER) is calculated using the under formula:
HE R /0= 100*(Df-Di)/Di Table 4 : mechanical properties of the trials Tensile Yield Hole Total Elongation Sample Strength (in Strength Expansion (in 0/0) Steels MPa) (in MPa) Ratio(in %) Ii 1030 852 8.2 57 1006 822 9.4 74 1136 994 6.2 63 945 739 9.9 56 894 678 13.0 54 937 735 11.1 55 underlined values: not according to the invention.
The examples show that the steel sheets according to the invention are the only one to show all the targeted properties thanks to their specific composition and microstructures.
The hot rolled steel sheets are then cold rolled with a thickness reduction between 35 to 90%. The cold rolled steel sheet is then subjected to annealing to impart the steel of present invention with targeted microstructure and mechanical properties.
To anneal the cold rolled steel sheet, the cold rolled steel sheet is heated in a two-step heating process, in step one the cold rolled sheets is heated to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C at a heating rate HR1 of at least10 C/s. Then, in step two, the cold rolled sheet is heated from HT1 to an annealing temperature between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C at a heating rate HR2 of at least1 C/s and preferably at least 2.0 C/sHR1 is always higher than HR2.
The preferred HR1 is at least 15 C/s and the preferred HT1 temperature range is between 600 C and 630 C. The preferred range for annealing temperature is between Ac3 +10 C and Ac3 +150 C and more preferably between Ac3 +20 C
and Ac3 +100 C.
Then the cold rolled steel sheet is held at the annealing temperature during at least 5s and not more than 1000s. The temperature and time are selected to zo ensure 100% re-crystallization i.e. to obtain a percentage of 100%
austenite at the end of the annealing.
The sheet is then cooled in a three-step cooling process. In step one, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from the annealing temperature to a temperature between 675 C and 725 C at a cooling rate CR1 of 10 Cis or less. Then, in step two, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C
at a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s. Then, in step three, the cold rolled sheet is cooled from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C at a cooling rate CR3 which is at least 200 C/s.
In a preferred embodiment, the cooling rate CR1 is 5 C/s or less and CT1 is preferably between 685 C and 720 C and more preferably 685 C and 700 C.
The preferred range for CR2 is at least 40 C/s and the preferred range for CT2 is between 450 C and 525 C and more preferably between 460 C and 510 C. The preferred range for CR 3 is at least 300 C/s and more preferably at least 400 C/s.
Preferred limit for CT3 is between Ms-80 C and 20 C and more preferably between Ms-100 C and 20 C.
5 Then the cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s, or better of at least 20 C/s and to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and held at tempering temperature during at least 100 s but not more than 1000 s.
to obtain tempered martensite, conferring the steel of present invention with good mechanical properties. The preferred tempering temperature range is between io 320 C and 360 C and more preferably is 330 C and 350 C.
The cold rolled steel sheet is then cooled to room temperature, preferably at a cooling rate of 200 C/s or less.
An optional skin pass operation with a reduction rate below 1% may be performed at that stage or an optional tension leveling operation.
The heat treated cold rolled sheet may then be optionally coated by electrodeposition or vacuum coating or any other suitable process.
An optional post batch annealing, preferably done at 170 to 210 C during 12h to 30h can be done optionally after annealing on uncoated product or after coating on coated product in order to reduce hardness gradient between phases and ensure degasing for coated products.
EXAMPLES
The following tests and examples presented herein are non-restricting in nature and must be considered for purposes of illustration only, and will display the advantageous features of the present invention and expound the significance of the parameters chosen by inventors after extensive experiments and further establish the properties that can be achieved by the steel according to the invention.
Samples of the steel sheets according to the invention and to some comparative grades were prepared with the compositions gathered in table 1 and the processing parameters gathered in table 2. The corresponding microstructures of those steel sheets were gathered in table 3 and the properties in table 4.
Table 1 depicts the steels with the compositions expressed in percentages by weight.
Table 1 : composition of the trials Samples C Mn Si Al P S N Nb Ti Cr Mo B
A
0.116 2.150 0.482 0.031 0.020 0.011 0.002 0.011 0.017 0.036 0.002 0.003 B
0.117 2.120 0.495 0.033 0.02 0.022 0.002 0.011 0.015 0.040 0.002 0.004 C
0.114 2.180 0.458 0.032 0.017 0.019 0.002 0.018 0.025 0.033 0.002 0.003 Table 2 gathers the annealing process parameters implemented on steels of Table 1.
Table 2 also shows Ac3 and Martensite transformation Ms temperatures of the 1.0 steel samples. The calculation of Ac3 and Ms is done by using following formulas:
Ac3(Andrews) = 910 - 203[C]2 - 15.2[Ni] + 44.7 [Si] + 104[V] + 31.5[Mo] +
13.1[W]
- 30[Mn] - 11 [Cr] - 20[Cu]+ 700[P] + 400[A/] + 120 [As] + 400 [Ti]
Ms(Barbier) = 545 - 601.2 * (1 - EXP(-0.868 [C])) - 34.4[Mn] - 13,7[Si] -9.2[Cr]
- 17.3 [Ni] - 15.4[Mo] + 10.8[V] + 4.7[Co] - 1.4[A/] - 16.3 [Cu] - 361 [Nb]
- 2.44[Ti] - 3448[B]
Further, the samples were heated to a temperature between 1000 C and 1250 C and then subjected to hot rolling with finish temperature 890 C and thereafter were coiled at a temperature below 600 C. The hot rolled coils were then processed as claimed and cold rolled with a thickness reduction between 35 to 90%.
Table 2 : process parameters of the trials Table 2a ANNEALING and COOLING
Trial Steel HR1 HT1 HR2 Annealing Annealing CT1 CR1 CT2 CR2 CT3 CR3 ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) T ( C) time (s) ( C) ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) ( C) ( C/s) 11 A 22 610 2.à 870 112 688 2.1 462 64 20 587 12 B 18 600 2.6 870 130 691 t8 507 44 20 559 R1 A 23 590 3.5 870 102 702 2.1 487 66 20 677 R2 A 19 640 2.1 870 137 679 1.8 440 55 20 457 R3 C 18 610 2.4 875 137 660 2.1 460 46 20 478 R4 B 18 600 2.6 870 130 680 1.9 505 43 20 556 underlined values: not according to the invention.
Table 2b TEMPERING
Trial Heating Tempering Tempering Ms Ac3( C) rate for temp( C) time(s) ( C) ternpering ( C/s) Table 3 gathers the results of test conducted in accordance of standards on different microscopes such as Scanning Electron Microscope for determining microstructural composition of both the inventive steel and reference trials.
Table 3 : microstructures of the trials Steel Tempered Ferrite + Residual Sample Martensite Bainite Austenite 11 74.9 25.1 0 12 72.4 27.6 0 R1 88.4 11.6 0 R2 63.3 36.7 0 R3 56.8 43.2 0 R4 63.4 36.6 0 underlined values: not according to the invention.
Table 4 gathers the mechanical properties of both the inventive steel and reference steel. The tensile strength, yield strength and total elongation test are conducted in accordance with ISO 6892 standards, whereas to estimate hole expansion, a test called hole expansion is applied according the standard IS016630:2009. In this test, sample is subjected to punching to form a hole of lOmm (=Di) and deformed. After deformation, the hole diameter Df was measured and the hole expansion ratio (HER) is calculated using the under formula:
HE R /0= 100*(Df-Di)/Di Table 4 : mechanical properties of the trials Tensile Yield Hole Total Elongation Sample Strength (in Strength Expansion (in 0/0) Steels MPa) (in MPa) Ratio(in %) Ii 1030 852 8.2 57 1006 822 9.4 74 1136 994 6.2 63 945 739 9.9 56 894 678 13.0 54 937 735 11.1 55 underlined values: not according to the invention.
The examples show that the steel sheets according to the invention are the only one to show all the targeted properties thanks to their specific composition and microstructures.
Claims (17)
1. A heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet having a composition comprising of the following elements, expressed in percentage by weight:
0.09% 5 Carbon 5 0.15 %
1.8% 5 Manganese 5 2.5%
0.2 % 5 Silicon 5 0.7 %
0.01% 5 Aluminum 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Phosphorus 5 0.09 %
0 % 5 Sulfur 5 0.09 %.
0 % 5 Nitrogen 5 0.09%
0 % 5 Niobium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Titanium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Chromium 5 1%
0 % 5 Molybdenum 5 1%
0 % Vanadium 0.1%
0 % 5 Calcium 5 0.005%
0 % 5 Boron 5 0.01%
0 % 5 Cerium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Magnesium -.5, 0.05%
0 % 5 Zirconium 5 0.05%
the remainder of the composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities , a microstructure of said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 65 to 85% Tempered Martensite, 0% to 5%
Residual Austenite and a cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite between 15 and 35%,wherein said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 950 MPa, a total elongation of at least 8%
and a hole expansion ratio greater than 55%, wherein while the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation are measured in accordance with ISO 6892 standard and the hole expansion ratio is measured in accordance with IS016630:2009 standard.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
0.09% 5 Carbon 5 0.15 %
1.8% 5 Manganese 5 2.5%
0.2 % 5 Silicon 5 0.7 %
0.01% 5 Aluminum 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Phosphorus 5 0.09 %
0 % 5 Sulfur 5 0.09 %.
0 % 5 Nitrogen 5 0.09%
0 % 5 Niobium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Titanium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Chromium 5 1%
0 % 5 Molybdenum 5 1%
0 % Vanadium 0.1%
0 % 5 Calcium 5 0.005%
0 % 5 Boron 5 0.01%
0 % 5 Cerium 5 0.1%
0 % 5 Magnesium -.5, 0.05%
0 % 5 Zirconium 5 0.05%
the remainder of the composition being composed of iron and unavoidable impurities , a microstructure of said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising in area fraction, 65 to 85% Tempered Martensite, 0% to 5%
Residual Austenite and a cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite between 15 and 35%,wherein said heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 950 MPa, a total elongation of at least 8%
and a hole expansion ratio greater than 55%, wherein while the ultimate tensile strength and the total elongation are measured in accordance with ISO 6892 standard and the hole expansion ratio is measured in accordance with IS016630:2009 standard.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
2. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the composition includes 0.3% to 0.7% of Silicon.
3. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims and 2, wherein the composition includes 0.01% to 0.08% of Aluminum.
4. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the composition includes 1.9% to 2.4% of Manganese.
5. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the composition includes 0.1 % to 0.13% of Carbon.
6. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein, cumulated amounts of Silicon and Aluminum are between 0.3% and 0.8%.
7. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, the cumulative presence of Ferrite and Bainite is between 22% and 35% and wherein the Ferrite is at least 15% of total area fraction of the heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet.
8. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a carbon content of the Residual Austenite is between 0.7% and 0.9%.
9. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the cold rolled steel sheet comprises in area fraction, 65 to 80%
Tempered Martensite .
Tempered Martensite .
10. The heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the cold rolled steel sheet comprises in area fraction between 0%
and 10% of Bainite.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
and 10% of Bainite.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
11.A method of production of heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet comprising the following successive steps:
- providing a semi-finished steel product with a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
- reheating said semi-finished product to a temperature between 1000 C and 1250 C;
- rolling said semi-finished product in a temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +100 C wherein a hot rolling finishing temperature is above Ac3 to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
- cooling the hot rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of at least 30 C/s to a coiling temperature which is below 600 C; and coiling said cooled hot rolled steel sheet to obtain a coiled hot rolled sheet;
- cooling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet to room temperature;
- optionally performing a first scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- optionally annealing the coiled hot rolled steel sheet between 400 C
and 750 C;
- optionally performing a second scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- cold rolling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet with a reduction rate between 35 and 90% to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet;
- annealing said cold rolled steel sheet in two-step heating process wherein:
o a first step starts from heating the cold rolled steel sheet to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C, with a heating rate HR1 of at least 10 C/s, and o a second step starts from heating further the cold rolled steel sheet from HT1 to an annealing temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C, with a heating rate HR2 of at least 1 C/s , HR2 being lower than HR1, Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 - then perform annealing at an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range during 5 to 1000 seconds, - then cooling the cold rolled steel sheet in a three-step cooling process wherein :
o a first step starts from cooling the steel sheet from the annealing temperature to a temperature CT1 between 675 C
and 725 C, with a cooling rate CR1 of at most 10 C/s , o a second step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s , o a third step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 200 C/s , - heating said cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and tempering said cold rolled steel sheet during 100s to 1000 seconds, - cooling the cold rolled steel sheet to room temperature range to obtain a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet.
- providing a semi-finished steel product with a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6;
- reheating said semi-finished product to a temperature between 1000 C and 1250 C;
- rolling said semi-finished product in a temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +100 C wherein a hot rolling finishing temperature is above Ac3 to obtain a hot rolled steel sheet;
- cooling the hot rolled steel sheet at a cooling rate of at least 30 C/s to a coiling temperature which is below 600 C; and coiling said cooled hot rolled steel sheet to obtain a coiled hot rolled sheet;
- cooling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet to room temperature;
- optionally performing a first scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- optionally annealing the coiled hot rolled steel sheet between 400 C
and 750 C;
- optionally performing a second scale removal process on said coiled hot rolled steel sheet;
- cold rolling said coiled hot rolled steel sheet with a reduction rate between 35 and 90% to obtain a cold rolled steel sheet;
- annealing said cold rolled steel sheet in two-step heating process wherein:
o a first step starts from heating the cold rolled steel sheet to a temperature HT1 between 600 C and 650 C, with a heating rate HR1 of at least 10 C/s, and o a second step starts from heating further the cold rolled steel sheet from HT1 to an annealing temperature range between Ac3 and Ac3 +200 C, with a heating rate HR2 of at least 1 C/s , HR2 being lower than HR1, Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 - then perform annealing at an annealing temperature in the annealing temperature range during 5 to 1000 seconds, - then cooling the cold rolled steel sheet in a three-step cooling process wherein :
o a first step starts from cooling the steel sheet from the annealing temperature to a temperature CT1 between 675 C
and 725 C, with a cooling rate CR1 of at most 10 C/s , o a second step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT1 to CT2 between 450 C and 550 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 30 C/s , o a third step starts from cooling further the steel sheet from CT2 to CT3 between Ms-50 C and 20 C, with a cooling rate CR2 of at least 200 C/s , - heating said cold rolled steel sheet at a heating rate of at least 10 C/s to a tempering temperature between 300 C and 380 C and tempering said cold rolled steel sheet during 100s to 1000 seconds, - cooling the cold rolled steel sheet to room temperature range to obtain a heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet.
12.A method according to claim 11, wherein the coiling temperature is between 350 C and 600 C.
13.A method according to claim 11 or claim 12, wherein the HT1 temperature is between 600 C and 630 C with a HR1 heating rate of at least 15 C/s.
14.A method according to any one of claims 11 to 13, wherein the annealing temperature range is between Ac3+10 C and Ac3 +150 C.
15.A method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the tempering temperature is between 320 C and 360 C.
16. Use of the heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to any one of claims 1 to 12 or the heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet produced by the Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25 method of any one of claims 13 to 15, for the manufacture of structural or safety parts of a vehicle.
17. Vehicle comprising a part obtained using the heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet according to claims 1 to 12 or the heat treated and cold rolled steel sheet produced according to the method of any one of claims 13 to 15.
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
Date Recue/Date Received 2023-09-25
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2019/060741 WO2021116740A1 (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2019-12-13 | Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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| CA3163376A1 CA3163376A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| CA3163376C true CA3163376C (en) | 2024-02-27 |
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| CA3163313A Active CA3163313C (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-12-10 | Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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| CA3163313A Active CA3163313C (en) | 2019-12-13 | 2020-12-10 | Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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| EP (2) | EP4073279A1 (en) |
| JP (3) | JP2023506477A (en) |
| KR (2) | KR20220095239A (en) |
| CN (2) | CN114761583B (en) |
| CA (2) | CA3163376C (en) |
| MX (2) | MX2022007053A (en) |
| WO (2) | WO2021116740A1 (en) |
| ZA (2) | ZA202205608B (en) |
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| CA3163376C (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2024-02-27 | Arcelormittal | Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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| CN101460647B (en) * | 2006-07-14 | 2015-05-20 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | High-strength steel sheets and processes for production of the same |
| JP5402007B2 (en) * | 2008-02-08 | 2014-01-29 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in workability and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5434960B2 (en) * | 2010-05-31 | 2014-03-05 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet excellent in bendability and weldability and method for producing the same |
| JP5374479B2 (en) | 2010-11-19 | 2013-12-25 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Manufacturing method of high strength cold-rolled steel sheet with small strength variation |
| CN108456832B (en) * | 2012-02-27 | 2021-02-02 | 株式会社神户制钢所 | Ultra-high strength cold rolled steel sheet having excellent bending workability and method for manufacturing same |
| JP6047037B2 (en) * | 2012-03-29 | 2016-12-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Manufacturing method of high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet with excellent steel plate shape |
| JP6291289B2 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2018-03-14 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in steel sheet shape and shape freezing property and method for producing the same |
| ES2625754T3 (en) | 2013-03-11 | 2017-07-20 | Tata Steel Ijmuiden Bv | High-strength hot-dip galvanized complex phase steel strip |
| JP5821911B2 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-11-24 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | High yield ratio high strength cold-rolled steel sheet and method for producing the same |
| JP2015200012A (en) * | 2014-03-31 | 2015-11-12 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet, high-strength galvanized steel sheet, and high-strength alloy galvanized steel sheet having excellent ductility, stretch-flangeability, and weldability |
| KR101913530B1 (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2018-10-30 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | High-strength galvanized steel sheets and methods for manufacturing the same |
| WO2016113788A1 (en) * | 2015-01-15 | 2016-07-21 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and production method thereof |
| JP6459611B2 (en) * | 2015-02-23 | 2019-01-30 | 新日鐵住金株式会社 | Precipitation-strengthened composite cold-rolled steel sheet with excellent stretch flangeability and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP2016194136A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-17 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | High strength high ductility steel sheet excellent in production stability, manufacturing method thereof and cold rolled original sheet used for manufacturing high strength high ductility steel sheet |
| KR101736620B1 (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2017-05-17 | 주식회사 포스코 | Ultra-high strength steel sheet having excellent phosphatability and hole expansibility, and method for manufacturing the same |
| BR112018012681A2 (en) * | 2016-03-25 | 2018-12-04 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | high strength steel sheet and high strength galvanized steel sheet |
| WO2017203315A1 (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2017-11-30 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled and annealed steel sheet, method of production thereof and use of such steel to produce vehicle parts |
| EP3498876B1 (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2020-11-25 | JFE Steel Corporation | Cold-rolled high-strength steel sheet, and production method therefor |
| KR102186204B1 (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2020-12-03 | 제이에프이 스틸 가부시키가이샤 | Thin steel plate and its manufacturing method |
| WO2018115936A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Arcelormittal | Tempered and coated steel sheet having excellent formability and a method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2018115933A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Arcelormittal | High-strength cold rolled steel sheet having high formability and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| WO2018115935A1 (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2018-06-28 | Arcelormittal | Tempered and coated steel sheet having excellent formability and a method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2019092482A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled heat treated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| WO2019092481A1 (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2019-05-16 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| WO2019122965A1 (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-06-27 | Arcelormittal | Cold rolled and coated steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
| JP7056631B2 (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2022-04-19 | Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 | High-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet and its manufacturing method |
| WO2020162561A1 (en) * | 2019-02-06 | 2020-08-13 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | Hot-dip zinc-coated steel sheet and method for manufacturing same |
| CA3163376C (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2024-02-27 | Arcelormittal | Heat treated cold rolled steel sheet and a method of manufacturing thereof |
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2019
- 2019-12-13 CA CA3163376A patent/CA3163376C/en active Active
- 2019-12-13 US US17/783,442 patent/US20230031338A1/en active Pending
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- 2019-12-13 EP EP19832441.0A patent/EP4073279A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2019-12-13 MX MX2022007053A patent/MX2022007053A/en unknown
- 2019-12-13 CN CN201980102822.1A patent/CN114761583B/en active Active
- 2019-12-13 JP JP2022535558A patent/JP2023506477A/en active Pending
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2020
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| EP4073280A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
| KR20220095240A (en) | 2022-07-06 |
| CN114761584B (en) | 2024-09-24 |
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| WO2021116976A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| BR112022010401A2 (en) | 2022-08-23 |
| US20230036084A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
| ZA202205608B (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| CA3163376A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| JP2023506477A (en) | 2023-02-16 |
| CN114761584A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
| CN114761583A (en) | 2022-07-15 |
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| WO2021116740A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| EP4073279A1 (en) | 2022-10-19 |
| JP2024138480A (en) | 2024-10-08 |
| CA3163313C (en) | 2024-04-23 |
| US20230031338A1 (en) | 2023-02-02 |
| ZA202205649B (en) | 2023-01-25 |
| CA3163313A1 (en) | 2021-06-17 |
| KR20220095239A (en) | 2022-07-06 |
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