CA3151429A1 - Cladding attachment and method of installing a cladding system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a cladding attachment comprising a bracket and at least one separating pad made of polypropylene. The separating pad is configured to be connectable to the bracket to form a single unit via snap fit process. The separating pad can be fastened to building steel stud or concrete wall substrates to limits cold transfer heat loss within the building envelope to increase the building's R-value. A
method of installing a cladding system to a structure of a wall system is also provided.

Description

CLADDING ATTACHMENT AND
METHOD OF INSTALLING A CLADDING SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
[001] The disclosure relates in general to building systems, and more particularly, to a cladding attachment and a method of installing a cladding system to a wall.
BACKGROUND

[002] There are evolving energy efficiency and insulation standards for modern buildings. For example, buildings throughout the North America are required to meet the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2016, which appears to be the current building code. The requirements include a minimum level of insulation, a continuous insulation and a maximum overall U-Value. The U-Value, which is a measure of thermal transmittance expressed as W/m2.K indicates a building's level of thermal insulation in relation to the percentage of energy that passes through it. The U-Value generally depends on the thermal resistance of each element that makes up the surface of a building. In order to meet these requirements, a cladding system is usually provided for a building enclosure.
The cladding system typically comprises metal panels that are attached to an exterior structure of the building enclosure, such as wall substrates including steel studs or concrete studs, via a plurality of clips. The clips usually comprise polyethylene materials to provide a thermal break between the exterior structure and the cladding system to reduce the thermal transfer therebetween. One problem associated with such clips is that they comprise multiple individual parts that are required to be assembled before their installation to the building wall system. Additionally, the clips can also comprise metal clips, which have a load-bearing capacity for supporting the gravity loading of the cladding system.

[003] It is desirable to provide a cladding attachment, which may be assembled and installed quickly. It is also desirable to provide a cladding attachment that may provide a good thermal insulation for the building and may also have a sufficient structural strength.
It is also desirable to provide a method of installing a cladding system to a structure of a wall system.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 SUMMARY

[004] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a cladding attachment for mounting a cladding system to a structure of a wall system. The cladding attachment comprises a bracket comprising a base section comprising a first end and a second end, the base section extending between the first end and the second end and the first end and the second end defining a span therebetween; a first mounting section extending from the first end of the base section in a first direction and having a first mounting surface; and a second mounting section extending from the second end of the base section in a second direction opposite to the first direction and having a second mounting surface. The cladding attachment further comprises a separating pad for interposing between the bracket and at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system to separate the bracket from the at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system.
The separating pad may comprise an attaching component engageable with at least one of the first and second mounting sections via a snap-fit. The separating pad may be attached to the at least one of the first and second mounting section to form a single unit.

[005] The attaching component may further comprise a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs, and each extending from opposite ends of the separating pad.
The pair of cantilevered snapping tabs and a rear side of the separating pad define a snap-in area to receive respective lateral edges of the first and second mounting sections.

[006] The attaching component may comprise a protruding peg extending from a rear side of the separating pad. The protruding peg is configured to snap into a positioning hole defined on the first and/or second mounting sections.

[007] The separating pad may be made of thermoplastic polymer. The thermoplastic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polypropylene copolymer (PPC) and flame-retardant polypropylene.

[008] The separating pad may be symmetrical such that it may be attachable to both the first and second mounting sections.

[009] The first and second mounting sections each may comprise a tail section projecting at an angle relative to the first and second mounting surfaces respectively.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0010] Each of the first and second mounting sections and the separating pad may define at least one fastening hole for receiving a fastener therethrough to secure the cladding attachment to the cladding system and the structure of the wall system.

[0011] The bracket may further comprise at least one stiffening structural means disposed at a joint of the base section and one of the first and second mounting sections to provide a further structural strength to the bracket.

[0012] The bracket may be made of a sheet metal and the first and second mounting sections from the base section may be formed by a bend in the sheet metal.

[0013] The sheet metal may be one of galvanized steel and stainless steel.

[0014] In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a cladding attachment for attaching a cladding system to a structure of a wall system. The cladding attachment comprises a bracket having a Z-shaped profile and comprising a base section, a first mounting section and a second mounting section substantially parallel to the first mounting section. The first mounting section extends perpendicularly from a first end of the base section in a first direction and defines a first mounting surface. The second mounting section extends perpendicularly from a second end of the base section in a second direction opposite to the first direction and defines a second mounting surface. The cladding attachment further comprises a separating pad comprising an attaching component for engaging with at least one of the first and second mounting sections via a snap-fit to attach the separating pad to the at least one of the first and second mounting section to form a single unit. The separating pad is interposed between the bracket and at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system to separate the bracket from the at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system.

[0015] The separating pad may be made of thermoplastic polymer comprising polypropylene.

[0016] The first and second mounting sections each may comprise a tail section projecting at an angle relative to the first and second mounting surfaces respectively.

[0017] The bracket may further comprise at least one stiffening structural means disposed at a joint of the base section and one of the first and second mounting sections to provide a further structural strength of the bracket.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0018] Each of the first and second mounting sections and the separating pad may comprise at least one fastening hole for receiving a fastener therethrough to secure the cladding attachment to the cladding system or the structure of the wall system.

[0019] In a further aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of installing a cladding system on a structure of a wall system. The method comprises engaging an attaching component of a separating pad with a first mounting section of a bracket to attach the separating pad to the first mounting section to form a plurality of cladding attachments;
fastening the plurality of cladding attachments to the structure of the wall system in a spaced array through the first mounting section, so as to interpose the separating pad between the first mounting section and the structure of the wall system; and fastening the cladding system to the second mounting section of the plurality of cladding attachments.

[0020] The plurality of cladding attachments may be formed by engaging a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs of the separating pad with respective lateral edges of the first mounting section.

[0021] The plurality of cladding attachments may be formed by engaging a protruding peg of the separating pad with a positioning hole of the first mounting section.

[0022] The method may further comprises engaging the attaching component of the separating pad with the second mounting section to form the plurality of cladding attachments.

[0023] The method may further comprises interposing the separating pad of the plurality cladding attachment between the second mounting section and a rail of the cladding system.

[0024] The method of may further comprises installing a thermally insulating layer in a space formed between the first and second mounting sections.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments that are interposed between steel studs of a wall system and horizontal rails supporting a cladding system according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a cladding attachment of FIG. 1 comprising a bracket, and a separating pad.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0027] FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an assembled cladding attachment with the separating pad attached to the bracket as shown in FIG. 2.

[0028] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the bracket as shown in FIG. 2.

[0029] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the separating pad as shown in FIG. 2.

[0030] FIG. 6 is another perspective view of the separating pad as shown in FIG. 5

[0031] FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments that are interposed between steel studs of a wall system and vertical rails supporting a cladding system according to a second embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments that are interposed between concrete studs of a wall system and horizontal rails supporting a cladding system according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments that are interposed between concrete studs of a wall system and vertical rails supporting a cladding system according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 10 is a loading chart of allowable vertical and horizontal loads for brackets of various sizes attached to the steel studs of the cladding system of FIG. 1.

[0035] FIG.11 is a loading chart of allowable vertical and horizontal loads for brackets of various sizes attached to concrete studs of the cladding system of FIG.8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The description, which follows, and the embodiments described therein, are provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples of particular embodiments of principles and aspects of the present disclosure. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the disclosure.

[0037] One of the embodiments of the present disclosure provides a cladding attachment 60 for mounting a cladding system 50 to a structure of a wall system 10. The cladding attachment 60 comprises a bracket 70 and a separating pad 80 interposed between the bracket 70 and the structure of the wall system 10 to insulate the cladding system 50 from the structure of the wall system 10. The structure of the wall system 10 may be stud substrates. The stud substrates may be made of a variety of materials Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 generally known in the industry, including but not limited to concrete, steel, aluminum, wood, plastic, alloys or a composite thereof. The stud substrates can be rigidly fixed to the wall plate 11 and to the ceiling plate (not shown) by any known means. The wall plate 11 may communicate with a structure foundation (not shown) that provides a vertical support for the wall system 10. In an alternative, the wall plate 11 may be supported by a floor portion (not shown) when the structure has more than one level.

[0038] As shown in FIG. 1, in one embodiment, a wall system 10 is commonly formed of a plurality of vertical steel studs 12. The plurality of the steel studs 12 are spaced apart one another extending between a wall plate 11 at a lower end portion 12a and a ceiling plate (not shown) at an upper end portion 12b. In this embodiment, the steel studs 12 is 18-Gauge metal studs.

[0039] Each of the steel studs 12 has an interior facing edge portion 12d and an opposing exterior facing edge portion 12c. The exterior facing edge portion 12c of the steel studs 12 are configured to support an exterior wall sheathing 20.

[0040] The exterior wall sheathing 20 is attached to the exterior facing edge portion 12c of the steel studs 12 by any means known in the art. The exterior wall sheathing 20 may be plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), or the like. There is a layer of air and vapour barrier membrane 30 on the exterior surface of the exterior wall sheathing 20.
Further, a layer of insulation 40 is placed between the air and vapour barrier membrane 30 and the cladding system 50.

[0041] In one embodiment, the layer of insulation 40 is thermally resistant, non-flammable and is non-combustible. The layer of insulation 40 can be formed of mineral wool, mineral fiber, rock wool, stone wool, slag wool, or the like. The layer of insulation 40 can also be fiberglass insulation, fiberglass batting or a thermally isolating panel. The layer of insulation 40 provides a thermal barrier that can prevent thermal conductivity and provide an additional protection from moisture penetration to minimize occurrences of condensation and moisture within the wall system/ assembly 10. Thickness (interior surface to exterior surface) of the insulation 40 may be varied to adjust for the span of the brackets 70 of the cladding attachments 60. Common thicknesses may be 2", 4", 6", 8"
and 10".

[0042] As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of cladding attachments 60 are attached to the steel studs 12. Each of them is interposed between one exterior facing edge portion 12c Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 of the steel studs 12 and one of a plurality of horizontal rails 52 that are spaced apart on the cladding system 50. In this embodiment, the cladding attachment 60 comprises a separating pad 70 disposed between the bracket 70 and the steel studs 12 to form a thermal break therebetween.

[0043] In particular, the bracket 70 of the cladding attachment 60 comprises a base section 72, a first mounting section 76 and a second mounting section 74. In one embodiment, the base section 72 is planar. As shown in FIGs. 2 and 3, the base section 72 and the first and second sections 74, 76 generally define a Z-shaped profile.

[0044] In one embodiment, the base section 72 is rectilinear and has a first end 72a and a second end 72b. A span is defined between the first end 72a and the second end 72b. The span can range from 1.5" to 6" to accommodate different thicknesses of the insulation 40.

[0045] Referring to FIGs. 2 and 4, the first mounting section 76 extends substantially perpendicularly from the first end 72a of the base section 72 in a first direction X and has a first mounting surface 76a. The first mounting section 76 has a first lateral edge 76c, a second lateral edge 76d and a length L1 defined therebetween. There are fastener holes 71 defined in the first mounting section 76 to receive fasteners (not shown) for attaching the bracket 70 to the steel studs 12. In addition, there is a positioning hole 73 provided to engage with the separating pad 80 fastener holes 71. In one embodiment, the positioning hole 73 can be provided in between two adjacent fastener holes 71. The number of fastener holes and the positioning hole can be readily determined in accordance with specifications of a particular building project.

[0046] The first mounting section 76 further comprises a tail section 78 projecting at an angle with respect to the first mounting surface 76a. Preferably, the tail section 78 projects at about 45 degree inwardly towards a plane defined by a second mounting surface 74a of the second mounting section 74 as shown in FIG. 2. The length of L3 of the tail section 78 is shorter than that of L1 of the first mounting section 76 so as to facilitate the assembly of the separating pad 80. The tail section 78 projecting from the first mounting section 76 may also provide additional strength or stiffness for the bracket 70.

[0047] Referring to FIGs. 2 and 3, the second mounting section 74 extends substantially perpendicularly from the second end 72b of the base section 72 in a second direction Y opposite to the first direction X and has a second mounting surface 74a, such Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 that the first mounting section 76 is substantially parallel to the second mounting section 74.

[0048] The second mounting section 74 has a first lateral edge 74c, a second lateral edge 74d and a length L2 defined therebetween. A fastening hole 71 is provided in the second mounting section 74 to receive fasteners (not shown) to secure the horizontal rail 52 to the second mounting section 74. The second mounting section 74 further comprises the tail section 78 projecting at an angle with respect to the second mounting surface 74a.
Preferably, the tail section 78 projects at about a 45 degree inwardly in a direction towards a plane define by the first mounting surface 76a as shown in FIG. 2. The length of L4 of the tail section 78 may be shorter than that of L2 of the second mounting section 74 to facilitate the assembly of the separating pad 80. The tail section 78 projecting from the second mounting section 74 may also provide additional strength or stiffness for the bracket 70.

[0049] As shown in FIG. 3, the bracket 70 further comprises two stiffening structural means 75 disposed at a joint of the base section 72 and the first mounting section 76 to reinforce the bracket 70. The stiffening structural means may be, but not limited to, stiffening beads, darts, gussets, embossed ribs, or the like. Alternatively, referring to FIG.
4, the stiffening structural means 75 may also be disposed at an intersection of the second mounting section 74 and the base section 72 to connect the second mounting section 74 with the base section 72 so as to add extra strength and stability to the bracket 70. By increasing the strength of the bracket 70, this may allow for a reduced number of the cladding attachments 60 to be used for the cladding system 60.

[0050] The bracket 70 of the cladding attachment 60 may be formed out of galvanized steel sheet or stainless steel. The galvanized steel sheet is designed for rust and corrosion resistance. As an example, but not limiting, ASTM A653 G90 can be one of the non-limiting options. ASTM A653 G90 refers to the galvanized steel sheet, the material grade is G90 (according to ASTM A653 standard), thickness 3.2 mm. ASTM A653 G90 not only has a good corrosion resistance but also a good adhesion and ductility of the coating, so that it can exert a good processing performance.

[0051] The bracket 70 may also be made of galvanized steel sheet. The extensions of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 from the base section 72 may be formed by a bend in the steel sheet. For example, the first and second sections 74 and 76 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 may be manufactured by a precision sheet bending with a specially designed punch and die. Both V-bending method or edge bending/wipe bending method may be used to produce, for example, a Z-profile bracket 70. The bracket 70 may be made using any method known in the art.

[0052] The stiffening structural means 75 disposed at the joint of the base section 72 and the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 may also be formed by a punch and die configuration. For example, as shown in FIG. 3, the stiffening beads can be formed by the punch and die configuration during pressing. As a result, the stiffening beads can strengthen the structure of the finished bracket 70 to contribute to a higher load capacity.

[0053] Without being limited to any theory, due to the additional strengthening features, for example, the angled tail portion 78 and the stiffening structural means 75, the bracket 70 may have a higher load capacity. Thus, for a same load condition, fewer number of cladding attachments 60 may be required when compared to other clips available in the market. This may lead to less thermal bridging between the installed cladding system and the adjacent structures.

[0054] As shown in FIGs. 1 and 5, the separating pad 80 is interposed between the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70 and the steel studs 12. According to this embodiment, the separating pad 80 is interposed between the first mounting section 76 and the exterior wall sheathing 20 with the air and vapour barrier membrane 30 that is attached directly to the steel studs 12. The separating pads 80 may thus thermally isolate the exterior cladding system 50 from the exterior structure of the wall system 10.

[0055] As known in the art, thermal conductivity refers to the ability of a given material to conduct/transfer heat. Depending on the different common materials, the rate of thermal conductivity varies. For example, materials with a high thermal resistance include fiberglass (0.04 w/(m k)), polyamide (0.25 W/(m k)) and plastics (0.65-0.80 W/(m k)).
Materials with a low thermal resistance include galvanized steel (25 W/(m k)), stainless steel (16 W/(m k)), carbon steel (43 W/(m k)), aluminum (200 W/(m k)) and copper (401 W/(m k)). Fiberglass is known to have a low thermal conductivity so that temperature outside the building is not easily transferred to the interior. The use of materials such as fiberglass therefore may improve the thermal efficiency of the wall system when used as a thermal break.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0056] In one embodiment, the separating pad 80 of the present disclosure may be made of polypropylene. Polypropylene is an economical material that offers a unique combination of outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. It also demonstrates good resistance to corrosion, organic solvents, degreasing agents, and electrolytic attack. It has a very good compressive strength and dose not crack easily. Further, it has a low moisture-absorption rate.

[0057] The separating pad 80 of the cladding attachment may be formed of polypropylene impact copolymer, such as Pro-fax SB78 manufactured by LyondellBasell.

[0058] Referring to FIGs. 5 and 6, each of the separating pads 80 is generally rectilinear in a peripheral configuration having a front side 80a, a rear side 80b, a top portion 80c, a bottom portion 80d, a first lateral side 80e, and a second lateral side 80f.
The separating pad 80 further comprises a plurality of interior ribs 84 that are arrayed in a spaced fashion within the separating pad 80. The interior ribs 84 may be designed for a maximum compressive strength. The interior ribs 84 further define a plurality of spaces 85 between the interior ribs 84. The plurality of the interior ribs 84 and spaces 80 within the separating pad 80 can contribute to decreased contacting surfaces of the separating pad 80 that touch the connected exterior structure of the wall system. This decreased contacting surface of the separating pad 80 may reduce thermal bridging at a point of contact, which is believed to be a particular area of the building envelope that can potentially contribute to heat loss. Further, the plurality of the interior ribs 84 and spaces 85 within the separating pad may contribute to less material required for manufacturing and lower final weight of the separating pads 80.

[0059] Referring to FIG. 5, fastener holes 81 (two shown in this embodiment) are provided within the separating pad 80 and are formed by the interior ribs 84.
The separating pad 80 further has an attaching component disposed on the rear side 80b (refer to FIG. 6).
The attaching component may be flexible and/or resilient so as to be engageable with the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 via a snap-fit process. Through the snap fit process, the separating pad 80 may be temporarily attached and secured to at least one of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 to form a single unit.

[0060] In one embodiment, the attaching component may comprise a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs 82 disposed on the rear side 80b. The pair of cantilevered snapping tabs 82 extend from the top portion 80c and the bottom portion 80d of the rear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 side 80b and define a snap-in area 82a to receive respective top and bottom edges 74c, 74d, 76c and 76c of the first or second mounting sections 74 and 76. Referring to FIGs.
2, 3 and 6, through the cantilevered snapping tabs 82, the separating pad 80 interlocks with the first and second lateral edges 76c and 76d of the first mounting section 76. The .. side-to-side, and top-to-bottom dimensions of the separating pad 80 correspond with the dimensions of the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70 so that the fastener holes 71 provided in the mounting section 76 align with the fastener holes 81 provided in the separating pad 80. The aligned fastener holes 71 and 81 may therefore be ready to use without any additional assembly.

[0061] The cantilevered snapping tabs 82 of the separating pad 80 can provide a means for the separating pad 80 to be temporarily attached to the bracket 70 to form a single unit before being shipped to an installation site.

[0062] As discussed above, when the separating pad 80 is attached to the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70 and the bracket 70 is further attached to the steel .. studs 12 of the wall system 10, the separating pad 80 can function as a thermal break between the bracket 70 and the steel studs 12 of the wall system. This is particularly the case, since both the steel studs 12 and the bracket 70 are of a low thermal resistance while the separating pad 80 is of a high thermal resistance. Therefore, the separating pad 80 may reduce the amount of heat/cold transferring between the bracket 70 and the steel studs 12.

[0063] As shown in FIG. 5, the separating pad 80 is substantially symmetrical overall and thus, it is suitable for being engaged with either one of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76. The symmetrical design of the separating pad 80 may allow the separating pad 80 to work with either of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76.
The separating pad 80 can thus be installed on one or both of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 without any design changes or extra modifications.

[0064] Further referring to FIG. 6, the separating pad 80 may comprise a protruding peg 83 on the rear side 80b extending away from the rear side 80b. The protruding peg 83 may be received in a positioning hole 73 as provided in the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70. When the cantilevered snapping tabs 82 of the separating pad 80 interlock with the first and second lateral edges 76c and 76d of the first mounting section 76, the protruding peg 83 is received in the positioning hole 73 to restrict any translational motion Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 of the separating pad 80. Together with the restriction of the rotational motion exerted by the cantilevered snapping tabs 82 and the first and second lateral edges 76c and 76d, the separating pad 80 may be further affixed to the first mounting section 76.

[0065] Alternatively, instead of a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs 82, the protruding peg 83 of the separating pad 80 may also function primarily as the attaching component to secure the separating pad 80 to the first or second mounting sections 74 and 76. For instance, the protruding peg 83 may comprise a rib or similar structures that can interact with the position hole 83 via a snap-fit. The protruding peg 83 may be configured to snap into the positioning hole 73 provided in the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70.
When the protruding peg 83 is received in the positioning hole 83, the separating pad 80 is also temporarily secured to the first mounting section 76 by the interaction of the positioning hole 73 and the protruding peg 83 so that the fastener holes 71 in the first mounting section 76 align with the fastener holes 81 in the separating pad 80.
Therefore, the protruding peg 83 of the separating pad 80 may also provide a means for attaching the separating pad 80 to the bracket 70 to form a single unit. Assembling work on site may then be reduced or avoided.

[0066] In one embodiment, the separating pad 80 is made of polypropylene in flame-retardant formulation. The separating pad 80 and the single unit of the cladding attachment 60 as a whole is non-combustible, with or without being fully encapsulated in a mineral wool insulation.

[0067] Therefore, in one embodiment, by including the interior ribs 84 within the separating pad 80, the separating pad 80 may have a structural design to maximize compressive strength and to reduce the contacting surface with the exterior structure of the wall system. The material of the separating pad 80 can create a thermal break separating the bracket 70 from the connected exterior structure of the wall system. The special structural design and the material of polypropylene of the separating pad can therefore allow a continuous insulation.

[0068] When in use, the cladding attachment may be used to attach a cladding system to or on an exterior structure of a wall system. Before an on-site installation of the cladding attachment to the support exterior structure, components of the cladding attachment may be assembled to form the cladding attachment as a single unit in advance.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 The single unit of the cladding attachment can have aligned fastener holes of the bracket and the separating pad so that the cladding attachments are ready for use.

[0069] In one embodiment, the pre-assembly process includes engaging the attaching component of the separating pad 80 with the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70 to attach the separating pad 80 to the first mounting section 76 to form a single unit of the cladding attachment 60. This single unit of the cladding attachment 60 comprises the bracket 70 and the separating pad 80 that is secured to the bracket 70 via the interaction of the first mounting section 76 and the separating pad 80. By attaching the separating pad 80 to the first mounting section 76, the fastener holes 71 of the first mounting section 76 and the fastener holes 81 of the separating pad 80 are therefore aligned to receive fasteners.

[0070] In one embodiment, the interconnection of the first mounting section 76 and the separating pad 80 may be fulfilled by a snap fit of the pair of cantilevered snapping tabs 82 of the separating pad 80 with lateral edges 76c and 76d of the first mounting section 76. By doing so, the separating pad 80 is therefore secured to the first mounting section 76.

[0071] Alternatively, the interconnection of the first mounting section 76 and the separating pad 80 may be fulfilled by engaging the protruding peg 83 of the separating pad 80 with the positioning hole 73 of the first mounting section 76. The first mounting section 76 and the separating pad 80 thus forms the single unit of the cladding attachment 60.

[0072] Repeats of the above step can form a plurality of the cladding attachments as required by a specific project.

[0073] The plurality of cladding attachments 60 are then fastened to the exterior surface of the structure of the wall system according to the project specification. The plurality of cladding attachments 60 are fastened to structures such as the steel studs 12 and the concrete studs 12' by fasteners penetrating through the fastener holes 71 of the first mounting section 76 and the fastener holes 81 of the separating pad 80.

[0074] After having fastened to the structure, the separating pad 80 is interposed between the first mounting section 76 and the steel studs 12 or the concrete studs 12'.
Therefore, a thermal break can be formed between the bracket 70 and the steel studs 12 or the concrete studs 12' to limit or reduce the thermal transfer.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0075] The cladding system 50 is then fastened to the second mounting section 74 of the plurality of cladding attachments 60 by fasteners through the fastening hole 71 in the second mounting section 74.

[0076] The cladding system 50 may be attached directly or indirectly to the second mounting section 74 of the plurality of cladding attachments 60. For example, a plurality of horizontal rails 52 may be fastened to the second mounting section 74 of the plurality of cladding attachments 60. The cladding system 50 may then be attached to the plurality of horizontal rails 52.

[0077] In one embodiment, a layer of insulation 40 may be installed in the space formed between the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 to further increase the thermal insulation of the entire building. An exterior wall sheathing 20 with an air and vapour barrier membrane 30 may also be sandwiched between the exterior facing edge portion 12c of the steel studs 12 and the plurality of separating pads 80.

[0078] Alternatively, a second separating pad 80 may be attached to the second mounting section 74 to form the single unit of the cladding attachment 60.
Further, after the cladding system 50 is attached to the cladding attachments, the second separating pad 80 may be interposed between the second mounting surface 74a of the second mounting section 74 and the rails 52 or the cladding system 50 as shown in FIG.1.

[0079] The present disclosure provides a cladding attachment that may be applicable to any building structures such as, but not limited to, gills, steel stud assembly, wood stud assembly or wall assembly. The choice of the fasteners should depend on the actual use conditions. A non-limiting example of such fasteners is self-drilling screws.

[0080] Referring to FIGs. 7-9, various different applications of the cladding attachments are shown. FIG. 7 shows a wall system 10 with a partial insulation layer and a partial cladding system where a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments 60 are interposed between steel studs 12 of the wall system 10 and vertical rails 52 supporting the cladding system 50.

[0081] FIG. 8 shows a wall system 10 with a partial insulation layer and a partial cladding system where a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments 60 are interposed between concrete studs 12' of the wall system 10 and horizontal rails 52 supporting the cladding system 50.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0082] FIG. 9 shows a wall system 10 with a partial insulation layer and a partial cladding system where a plurality of spacedly arrayed cladding attachments 60 are interposed between concrete studs 12' of the wall system 10 and vertical rails supporting the cladding system 50.

[0083] Referring to FIGs. 1 and 7-9, each of the cladding attachments 60 has one separating pad 80 attached to the first mounting section 76 and further interposed between the first mounting section 76 of the bracket 70 and either the steel stud 12 or the concrete studs12'. This is referred to in this disclosure as a "single separating pad"
configuration.

[0084] In order to further increase the efficiency of insulation of the wall system, it is also contemplated by the present disclosure that more than one separating pad 80 may be used. Both of the first and second mounting sections 74 and 76 have an attached separating pad 80 to further isolating the steel studs 12 or the concrete studs 12'. This is referred to in this disclosure as "double separating pads" configuration.

[0085] As above mentioned, the ASHRAE 90.1 Standard is a commonly referenced standard in building codes for energy efficient design of most buildings outside of Part 9, except low-rise residential buildings. Currently both the Vancouver Building-Bylaw and British Columbia Building Code reference the ASHRAE 90.1 - 2016 Standard.

[0086] The ASHRAE 90.1-2016 standard prescriptive U values for mass and steel frame walls are summarized in Table 1 below.
Table 1 ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Prescriptive Assembly Maximum U Values (WitmA2 K) Mass Walls Steel Frame Climate Zone Nonresidential , Residential Nonresidential Residential 0 3.30 0.86 0.70 0.70, 1 3.30 0.86 0.70 0.70 2 0.86 0.70 0.48 0.36, 3 030 0.59 0.44 0.36 4 0.59 0.51 0.36 0.36 5 0.51 0.45 0.31 0.31 6 0.45 0.40 0.28 0.28 7 0.40 0.40 0.28 0.24 8 0.27 0.27_ 0.21 0.21

[0087] An extensive thermal modelling evaluation was done to confirm that the cladding attachments disclosed herein meet the requirements of ASHRAE 90.1-2016 in Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 terms of effective U- and R-values of the cladding. The R-value is a commonly used term in the building industrial for thermal resistance. The higher the R-value, the better the performance of the building.

[0088] The following thermal performance data is presented in terms of the U-values.

[0089] Thermal Performance Data_ the Effective U Values (W/m2 K)

[0090] A modelling was based on 152mm (6") steel studs with no cavity insulation in the "single separating pad" configuration. The U values are shown in the Table 2 below:
Table 2 Uninsulated Steel Stud - Effective U Values (WinnA2 K) (Single Pad) Spacing (in) Clip Size (In) Horizontal Vertical 2 3 4 5 6 16 16 0.64 0.49 0.40 0.36 0.34 16 24 , 0.58 0,46 0.39 0.33 0.29 16 32 037 0,44 0.36 0.31 0.27 16 48 . 0.55 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.24 24 16 0.58 0.46 0.39 0.33 0.29 24 , 24 , 0.57 0.43 0.36 0.30 0.26 24 32 0.55 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.25 24 36 0.54 0.40 0.33 0.28 0.24 24 48 0.52 0.39 0.32 32 16 0.57 0,44 0.36 0.31 0.27 32 24 0.55 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.25 32 32 0.53 0.40 0.33 0.28 0.24

[0091] A comparison of the modelled U-Values shown in the Table 2 and the maximum U-Values allowed for in the ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Climate Zones shown in Table 1 shows that the cladding attachment can be used in this configuration to meet up to Climate Zone 7.

[0092] A modelling was based on 152mm (6") steel studs with no cavity insulation in .. the "double separating pad" configuration. The U values are shown in Table 3 below:

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 Table 3 Uninsulated Steel Stud - Effective U Values (W/rnA2 K) (Double Pad) , Spacing (in) Clip Size (In) Horizontal Vertical 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 16 16 0.50 0.42 0.37 0.32 0.29 16 24 0.49 0.39 0.32 0.29 0.26 16 _ 32 0.47 0.37 0.31 , 0.27 0.24 16 48 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.26 0.22 24 16 0.48 0.39 0.32 . 0.29 0.26 24 , 24 , 0.46 , 0.37 0.31 0.26 0.23 24 32 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.22 24 36 0.44 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.21 24 48 0.43 0.34 ' 0.28 32 16 0.47 0.37 0.31 0.27 0.24 32 , 24 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.25 0.22 32 32 0.44 0.35 0.29 0.24 0.21 -

[0093] A comparison of the modelled U-Values shown in the Table 3 and the maximum U-Values allowed for in the ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Climate Zones shown in Table 1 shows that the cladding attachment can be used in this configuration to meet all Climate Zones (0-8).

[0094] A modelling was based on 203mm (8") cast in place concrete in the "single separating pad" configuration. The U values are shown in Table 4 below:
Table 4 Cast in Place - Effective U Values (W/m"2 K) (Single Pad) Spacing (in) Clip Size (In) i Horizontal_ Vertical 2 , 3 4 5 6 16 , 16 0.77 0.59 0.49 0.42 0.37 16 24 0.71 0.53 0.43 0.37 0.32 16 , 32 0.68 0.50 0.40 0.34 0.29 .
16 48 0.64 0.46 0.37 0.31 0.27 ' _____________________________________________________________ 24 16 0.71 033 0.43 0.37 0.32 24 24 0.66 0.49 0.39 0.33 0.28 _ 24 32 0.64 0.47 0.37 0.31 0.27 24 36 0.63 0.45 0.36 0.30 0.26 24 48 0.62 32 16 0.68 0.50 0.40 0.34 0.29 32 24 0.64 0.47 0.37 0.31 0.27 32 32 0.63 0.45 0.36 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[0095] A comparison of the modelled U-Values shown in the Table 4 and the maximum U-Values allowed for in the ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Climate Zones shown in Table 1 shows that the cladding attachment can be used in this configuration to meet all Climate Zones (0-8).

[0096] A modelling was based on 203mm (8") cast in place concrete in the "double separating pad" configuration. The U values shown in Table 5 below:
Table 5 Cast in Place - Effective U Values (W/mA2 K) (Double Pad) Spacing (in) Clip Size (In) Horizontal Vertical 2.5 , 3.5 4.5 I 5.5 6.5 -, 16 16 0.60 0,47 0.40 0.35 0.31 16 24 0.56 0,43 0.36 0.31 0.27 16 32 0.54 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.26 _ _ 16 48 0.51 0.39 0.32 0.27 0.24 ' ___________ 24 16 0.56 0.43 0.36 0.31 0,27 24 24 0,53 0.40 0,33 0.29 0,25 24 , 32 0.52 0.39 0.32 0.27 0.24 ..
24 36 0.50 0.38 0.31 0.26 0.23 24 48 0.50 32 16 0.53 0.41 0.34 0.29 0.26 32 24 0.52 0,39 0.32 0,27 0.24 32 32 0.50 0,38 0.31 IIIIIIIIIIIII

[0097] A comparison of the modelled U-Values shown in the Table 5 and the maximum U-Values allowed for in the ASHRAE 90.1-2016 Climate Zones shown in Table 1 shows that the cladding attachment can be used in this configuration to meet all Climate Zones (0-8).

[0098] In light of the above comparisons, in accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, the cladding attachments fastened to the steel studs or the concrete studs, either in the" single separating pad" configuration or in the "double separating pad"
configuration, exhibited a good thermal performance.

[0099] The following thermal performance data is presented in terms of the R-values.

[00100] Thermal Performance Data_ the Effective R Values (heft2*FIBTU) Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

[00101] A modelling was based on 152mm (6") steel studs with no cavity insulation in the "single separating pad" configuration. The R values are shown in the Table 6 below.
Table 6 f-.1 i,i I hsulated Steel Stud Effective R Values (hr=ft*2=F/I3TU) (Single Pad) , Spacing (in) Clip Size lit) Horizontal Vertical , 2 3 4 5 6 iu .11.µ 8.9 11.1, 14.2 . .. 15.8 1U.i 16 24 9.8 12 3 14.6 17.2 11; f., 16 j:: , 10.0 , 1.. L'J õ 15.8 , 18.3 21,U _ 26 48 10.3 13.8 16.7 19.6 23.7 -- - . -24 16 9.6 12.3 14.6 17.2 1 - -21 24 10.0 1._ 2 1`._; F' 18.9 21A
21 . 32 , 10.3 13.:-', 1,, i _ 19,.6 21 36 10.6 14.1 : I 2 .11,1.3 233 . 14 1E li...9 14.4 11.1 -32 iti i.[..,.o ii .3 15s 16.3 21.0 i _, ._ 21 .1'.= 3 13 E ....., : 1..f.) 22.7 , u 32 14.2 .11.2 .. 20.3 2..1.1

[00102] A modelling was based on 152mm (6") steel studs with no cavity insulation in the "double separating pad" configuration. The R values are shown in Table 7 below:
Table 7 Unirl , 'Red Steel Stud - Effective R Values (1-irsft^2=1/ BTU I Du L ble Pad) '... . In?, (in) Clip Size (In) )4orizi)T, ,I Vertical ? 5 3,5 IS , S. 6.5 It, lo 11 =; 13.5 15.3 17.7 19.6 16 24 11.6 14.6 17.7 19.6 21.8 .
16 32 12.1 15.3 18.3 21.0 23.7 16 ' 48 12 6 ' LC 9 18.9 ' 21.8 ' 25.R --24 ' 16 11 :1 L 11 19.6 21 8 24 24 12 3 15.3 18 3 21.8 24. '1 _ -24 32 11.6 15,8 18 9 22.7 25.8 24 36 , 12.9 , 16.2 7.'-, 6 23.7 27.O
24 46 13.1 16.7 32 1$ 12.1 15.3 18.3 21.0 23.7 - , 3'.! 21 12.6 15.8 1? 9 2'2 7 25.8 32 32 12.9 16.2 l'? '., ' :,t'--, 27.0

[00103] A comparison of the modelled R-Values shown in the Table 6 and 7 shows that the R values in the "double separating pad" configuration of the cladding attachments attached to the steel studs are generally higher than that in the "single separating pad"

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 configuration. In other words, the "double separating pad" configuration of the cladding attachments has a better the thermal performance than that in "the "single separating pad"
configuration.

[00104] A modelling was based on 203mm (8") cast in place concrete in the "single separating pad" configuration. The R values are shown in Table 8 below:
Table 8 d.A il pidu2 . Lit, ...,21:i. v,:liue- ikFilt,2*F;(L3 i Li ;I:.'L.IH,;_1,.
..:.p. ':i'i iri1 C ip&212 alri) itt0riZOitUl vurti,L1 _ 2 3 4 S 6 16 li_i /.4 9.6 11 L. U.S 1S.3 1E, 24 8 :L) 10.1 112 1S.3 1.1.1 16 32 8 1 11.4 14.2 16.7 19.6 16 1E-] 8.9 12.3 1S. 3 18.3 21.EY
11 IL 8:.:1 1u./
2.1 21 8 17 11.L 14.b 1/.2 2D.3 21 32 8.9 12.1 1S. 3 18.3 21.1) 11 36 g ",..:, 12 L. 1L.8 18.9 21 E

32 16 8 1 11.4 14.2 16.1 1 L.
32 24 8.9 12.1 1L....3 18.3 21.1.) 32 32 9 Lil 12.6 1S 8

[00105] A modelling was based on 203mm (8") cast in place concrete in the "double separating pad" configuration. The R values shown in Table 9 below:

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 Table 9 Cast in Place - Effective R Values (hr.feritiBTU) (Double Pad) Spacing (in) Clip Size (in) .1114:nizon1,1 'õtertIcal 2.5 4.5 6.5 16 12.1 1+5 2 18.3 1 24 10.1 13.2 16 3 21.0 10 1t. J.I 21.0 23 16 10.1 13.2 18.3 21.0 24 24 10.? 14.2 1.1.2 14.6 22.1 24 32 10.9 11.6 21.0 24 36 11.4 14, 18.3 21.8 24,1 24 48 11.1 32 18 10.7 118 16.7 21 32 24 , 10.9 11.1., 17.7 21J 23.1 18,3 32 32 11,3 3.1.9

[00106] A comparison of the modelled R-Values shown in the Tables 8 and 9 shows that the R values for the "double separating pad" configuration of the cladding attachments 5 attached to the concrete studs are generally higher than that in the "single separating pad"
configuration. In other words, the "double separating pad" configuration of the cladding attachments has a better the thermal performance than that in "the "single separating pad"
configuration.

[00107] Structural Performance Data _ Loading Charts 10 [00108] The cladding attachments as disclosed herein are designed to support both vertical loads generated by the cladding system's self weight and lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. A summary of allowable vertical and horizontal loads for different sizes of the brackets of the cladding attachments as disclosed herein are found in FIGs. 10 and 11.
[00109] FIG. 10 shows the load chart for different sizes of the brackets of the cladding attachments when the cladding attachments are used in the same way as shown in FIG.
1. FIG. 11 shows the load chart for different sizes of the brackets when the cladding attachments are used in the same way as shown in FIG. 8. It should be understood that the vertical and horizontal spacings of the cladding attachments and the number of the fasteners are pre-determined in accordance with design specifications.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09 [00110] It can be seen from FIGs. 10 and 11 that, for a bracket of a fixed size, the allowable vertical dead load and the horizontal wind/earthquake load vary depending on the different exterior structures to which the cladding attachments are attached.
[00111] When attached to the same exterior structure of the wall system, the cladding attachments with larger brackets generally have lower allowable vertical dead loads under the same wind/seismic load condition. Similarly, under the same vertical dead load, the cladding attachments with larger brackets generally have lower allowable horizontal wind/seismic loads.
[00112] While the principles of the invention have been shown and described in connection with specific embodiments, it is to be understood that such embodiments are by way of example and are not limiting. As is evident from the foregoing description, certain aspects of the present invention are not limited by the particular details of the invention illustrated in the drawings. Other modifications and applications, or equivalents, will occur to those skilled in the art. The terms "having", "comprising" and "including"
and similar terms as used in the foregoing specification are used in the sense of "optional" or "may include" and not as "required". Many changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications of the present construction will, however, become apparent to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and attached drawings. All such changes, modifications, variations and other uses and applications which do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention are deemed to be covered by the invention which is limited only by the claims that follow. The scope of the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless specifically so stated, but rather one or more.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-03-09

Claims (21)

What is claimed is:

1. A cladding attachment for mounting a cladding system to a structure of a wall system, the cladding attachment comprising:
a bracket comprising:
a base section comprising a first end and a second end, the base section extending between the first end and the second end and the first end and the second end defining a span therebetween;
a first mounting section extending from the first end of the base section in a first direction and having a first mounting surface; and a second mounting section extending from the second end of the base section in a second direction opposite to the first direction and having a second mounting surface; and a separating pad for interposing between the bracket and at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system to separate the bracket from the at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system;
wherein the separating pad comprises an attaching component engageable with at least one of the first and second mounting sections, whereby the separating pad is attached to the at least one of the first and second mounting surfaces to form a single unit.

2. The cladding attachment of claim 1, wherein the attaching component comprises a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs, each extending from opposite ends of the separating pad, the pair of cantilevered snapping tabs and a rear side of the separating pad defining a snap-in area to receive respective lateral edges of the first and second mounting sections.

3. The cladding attachment of claim 1, wherein the attaching component further comprises a protruding peg extending from a rear side of the separating pad, the protruding peg configured to snap into a positioning hole defined on the first and/or second mounting sections.

4. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the separating pad is made of thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of polypropylene (PP), polypropylene copolymer (PPC) and flame-retardant polypropylene.

5. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the separating pad is symmetrical and is configured to be attachable to both the first and second mounting sections.

6. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the first and second mounting sections each comprises a tail section projecting at an angle relative to the first and second mounting surfaces respectively.

7. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-6, wherein each of the first and second mounting sections and the separating pad comprises at least one fastening hole for receiving a fastener therethrough to secure the cladding attachment to the cladding system and the structure of the wall system.

8. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the bracket further comprises at least one stiffening structural means disposed at a joint of the base section and one of the first and second mounting sections to provide a further structural strength to the bracket.

9. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the bracket is made of a sheet metal and the first and second mounting sections from the base section are each formed by a bend in the sheet metal.

10. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the sheet metal is galvanized steel or stainless steel.

11. A cladding attachment for attaching a cladding system to a structure of a wall system, the cladding attachment comprising:
a bracket having a Z-shaped profile and comprising a base section, a first mounting section and a second mounting section substantially parallel to the first mounting section; the first mounting section extending perpendicularly from a first end of the base section in a first direction and defining a first mounting surface;
the second mounting section extending perpendicularly from a second end of the base section in a second direction opposite to the first direction and defining a second mounting surface; and a separating pad comprising an attaching component for engaging with at least one of the first and second mounting sections to attach the separating pad to the at least one of the first and second mounting section to form a single unit; the separating pad being interposed between the bracket and at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system to separate the bracket from the at least one of the cladding system and the structure of the wall system.

12. The cladding attachment of claim 11, wherein the separating pad is made of thermoplastic polymer comprising polypropylene.

13. The cladding attachment of claim 11 or 12, wherein the first and second mounting sections each comprises a tail section projecting at an angle relative to the first and second mounting surfaces respectively.

14. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 11-13, wherein the bracket further comprises at least one stiffening structural means disposed at a joint of the base section and one of the first and second mounting sections to provide a further structural strength of the bracket.

15. The cladding attachment of any one of claims 11-14, wherein each of the first and second mounting sections and the separating pad comprises at least one fastening hole for receiving a fastener therethrough to secure the cladding attachment to the cladding system or the structure of the wall system.

16. A method of installing a cladding system on a structure of a wall system, the method comprising:
engaging an attaching component of a separating pad with a first mounting section of a bracket to attach the separating pad to the first mounting section to form a plurality of cladding attachments;
fastening the plurality of cladding attachments to the structure of the wall system in a spaced array through the first mounting section, so as to interpose the separating pad between the first mounting section and the structure of the wall system; and fastening the cladding system to a second mounting section of the plurality of cladding attachments.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the plurality of cladding attachments is formed by engaging a pair of cantilevered snapping tabs of the separating pad with respective lateral edges of the first mounting section.

18. The method of claim 16 or 17, wherein the plurality of cladding attachments is formed by engaging a protruding peg of the separating pad with a positioning hole of the first mounting section.

19. The method of any one of claims 16-18, further comprising engaging the attaching component of the separating pad with the second mounting section to form the plurality of cladding attachments.

20. The method of any one of claims 16-19, further comprising interposing the separating pad of the plurality cladding attachment between the second mounting section and a rail of the cladding system.

21. The method of any one of claims 16-20, further comprising installing a thermal insulating layer in a space formed between the first and second mounting sections.