CA3142977A1 - Hybrid solar high-efficiency thermodynamic device and hydrogen-oxygen pair producing a plurality of energies - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a power generation system comprising a solar energy collection means and electricity generation means, characterized in that the electricity generator comprises an absorber (5) receiving solar energy for heating a thermodynamic device, said absorber (5) being arranged in an optional heating zone by a burner (8).

Description

HIGH EFFICIENCY SOLAR AND HYBRID THERMODYNAMIC DEVICE
HYDROGEN-OXYGEN COUPLE PRODUCING A PLURALITY OF ENERGY
Field of the invention The present invention relates to the field of the production solar power from a concentrator system ensuring the heating of a heat transfer fluid at temperatures high, up to 5000 see more than 700 C, in an element of heat collection having an absorber placed at the hearth of the hub or series of hubs.
In general, an energy conversion device solar is intended to provide useful power by transforming the energy of the captured solar radiation. It includes for this purpose an absorber, i.e. a physical element whose function of converting solar electromagnetic energy incident into another form of usable useful energy (for example of electrical energy in the case of a module photovoltaic or thermoelectric module, energy thermal in the case of a solar water heater, etc.). However, the useful power delivered by the device depends on several factors, including absorber conversion efficiency, area of the absorber allocated to capture the radiation solar (or capture surface) and the power of the solar radiation incident on the absorber. The effectiveness of the conversion dependent on the technology used to achieve the absorber, for a given technology, the useful power is therefore regulated by the surface allocated to capture and the power radiation.
In particular, when the surface allocated to capturing the solar radiation is reduced, for example to limit the cost of the absorber, it is usual to concentrate the power of the solar radiation on the absorber by means of a concentrator solar (for example a Cassegrain system, a mirror parabolic, a standard or linear Fresnel lens, a set of lenses, etc.). The solar concentrator is a optical system that focuses solar radiation onto a plane focal length and the absorber's capture surface, which is flat, is merged with the focal plane of the concentrator. The focus radiation on the capture surface of the absorber allows thus to compensate for its small size.
However, a solar energy conversion device based on solar concentrator is sensitive to the angle of incidence of the solar radiation, all the more so as the surface of uptake of the absorber is reduced. Indeed, there exists always an angle of incidence of solar radiation, defined by relative to the optical axis of the solar concentrator, beyond which focusing is no longer performed on the absorber itself.
In addition, the incidence of the sun varies throughout the day, this is why solar conversion systems with concentration are motorized (eg using a tracker) to follow the progression of the sun in the sky, in order to guarantee normal incidence of solar radiation. This type of system however, requires very precise sun tracking, a slight angular offset (eg 0.1) with respect to the sun directly translating to a significant drop in device performance.
State of the art We know in the state of the art the patent application international W02013142911 describing a receiver-chamber of hybrid combustion to capture thermal energy from a source solar and a fuel source, the receiver-chamber of hybrid combustion comprising: an operable chamber as a combustion zone for the production of thermal energy by a combustion process using the fuel source;
the chamber having an opening through which the solar concentrate can be received; and a fluid seal system associated with the opening, the fluid seal system being able to

2 operate to establish a fluid seal to restrict the flow of fluid through the opening during the combustion process.
We also know patent US5884481 describing a set of heat engine heater for transferring heat to the working fluid inside said heating assembly at from solar energy and the combustion gases produced by the combustion of a fuel, said heating assembly including:
= a dwelling, forming a chamber, = a plurality of heating tubes inside said chamber, for containing the working fluid, in which said heating tubes are positioned around an axis central and said heating tubes form a surface substantially opaque to incident solar radiation, = said housing having an opening for inserting said heating tubes, = a fuel combustion chamber, for mixing and burn air and fuel to produce combustion gases combustion in said housing, = an air supply means for supplying air to said fuel combustion chamber, = fuel supply means for supplying fuel fuel to said fuel combustion chamber, = means for circulating combustion gases to make circulating said combustion gases through said tubes heating, and sealing means for preventing said combustion gases to escape from said housing through said opening.
Disadvantages of the prior art The disadvantage of the solutions of the prior art is that in the absence of sun or cloud cover, the level of energy production decreases considerably and no longer allows

3 WO 2020/24988

4 to supply the expected energy. These facilities require this makes the association with other facilities or access to a independent electrical network to compensate for power outages random production specific to solar power plants.
Moreover, in the solution described in the patent application W02006027438, significant losses occur in the primary and secondary working fluid circuits.
Solution provided by the invention In order to remedy these drawbacks, the present invention relates to a system for producing energy by a means of collection of solar energy and means of production of electricity characterized in that the electricity generator comprises an absorber receiving solar energy to heat a flash gas, said absorber being disposed in an area optional heating by a burner.
Advantageously, the system according to the invention has all or part of the following characteristics:
- It further comprises hydrolysis means.
- the means of electricity production are arranged to receive thermal energy resulting from the recombination of hydrolysis products in the absence of energy solar.
- the gas in the thermodynamic device is placed at the focus of a concentrator.
- it further comprises means for feeding of the means of electrical production by an energy source reversibly additional.
Description of the invention Thermodynamic device of the free piston type, the whole operating either with concentrated solar energy or with solar fuel (outside the sun), or even biogas or any other conventional heat source. THT hot spring and cold -253 . Variable speed th HP and THT/TBT module.
Cloudy passage detection = preheating. Electric production by a linear alternator ENR (New Renewable Energies) have become essential, but solar energy is unquestionably the source of ENR (New Renewable Energy) the most adequacy with global energy needs and in response to climate issues. The present invention relates to the field of the transformation of solar energy into electricity with yields of up to 60%, i.e. 10 times more than PV (Photovoltaic) technology conventional.
Current ENR solutions such as PV or CSP
(Concentrating Solar Power Plant) do not make it possible to answer suitably meet the present and future energy needs of the fact of their very low real yields of barely 6 to 20%, of their high price, of their implementation using means complex and costly requiring specialists, pollution they generate during their manufacture, need to make abundant use of the earth's limited resources, the impossibility of recycling their constituents, their mono-production of electricity alone. The devices known thermodynamics require heavy maintenance and have a limited lifespan On the other hand, these processes require a means of storage at molten salt base or expensive electrochemical batteries and pollutants whose capacities are particularly limited and their reduced and decreasing lifespan.
The present invention overcomes these problems by offering an extremely intelligent solution, efficient, durable and environmentally friendly transformation of solar energy using a process extremely simple, efficient and particularly innovative to

5 very low cost and very high performance whose storage is done by means of solar fuel in a closed circuit with a lifetime reaching 40 years. In addition, the device can easily be achieved with a carbon footprint close to zero.
Detailed description of the invention A thermally insulated vacuum chamber closed by a porthole transparent to solar radiation, receives the energy solar energy concentrated on an absorber, which will convert solar energy into high temperature thermal energy that can be 1200 C to transfer it into the working fluid at the within the thermodynamic device, the fluid being hydrogen.
The vacuum chamber can be insulated either by a set of vacuum walls (dewar style), or by high insulation appropriate temperature. Heat losses being taken advantage of to produce heat for various applications related to the device (cryogenic production) or for applications external (cooking, sterilization, hot air, etc.).
Apart from solar irradiance, the thermodynamic process is supplied with heat via a burner receiving solar fuel (h2/02) which produces a powerful exothermic reaction transmitted to the absorber. Solar fuel is ideally in liquid cryogenic form, becoming gaseous after passed through an exchanger, for reasons of the density of volumetric storage, and its very low temperature allows correlatively increase the efficiency of the device thermodynamics. The burner accepts any other gas mixture appropriate (biogas, methane, oil, etc.), and the entire absorber suitable heat source.
The combustion residue of solar fuel is water vapour, which can be recycled indefinitely in a process by closed circuit. The heat produced by the steam can

6 ideally be recovered via an exchanger, as well as all the thermal losses of the invention which allow to power a number of thermal processes such as cooking, sterilization, production of drinking water by distillation, or to supply a thermodynamic device allowing the production of cold in a whole range of temperatures including cryogenic whose immediate application is the liquefaction of solar fuel.
The interest of liquefaction is to obtain a storage volume at least double compression processes such as in tanks at 700 bars, the density then being 42kg of h2/m3 and 71 kg h2/m3 in cryogenic form. The other advantage is that storage in liquefied form avoids the risks explosion related to pressure vessels.
This liquefaction being carried out with the thermal losses coming from the vacuum enclosure/absorber via of a module for example of the Stirling type, there is therefore no additional cost and this makes it possible to liquefy the solar fuel almost free.
The solar fuel being composed of h2 and o2, the device can be continuously recharged with working gas h2 from the device thermodynamics to compensate for the losses caused in particular by the phenomenon of gaseous diffusion. These losses prohibit usually the use of h2 and require to use a rare and expensive, non-renewable gas, such as helium whose performance is lower.
This solar fuel can be partly produced in the enclosure thanks to to concentrated solar radiation causing high temperature on the absorber onto which a thin stream is sent of water decomposing into h2 and o2 under the effect of the intense heat. A device is then added to allow the separation of the two gaseous compounds.

7 On the other hand, any thermodynamic device works with a hot source and a cold source, the terminal output being a function of the temperature difference, the more this differential is high and the final yield is important.
The best known thermodynamic machines, of the type Stirling, make it possible to obtain yields of the order of 40%
with a hot temperature of 800 C, and a cold temperature related to the ambient temperature, i.e. around 25°C.
The invention makes it possible to obtain working temperatures well more important, with a hot temperature of about 1200 C, and a cold temperature being that of liquid hydrogen, i.e. minus 253 C, thus making it possible to achieve yields above 60%.
The hot temperature is obtained from the absorber which receives the heat from the concentrated solar flux or the flame from solar fuel, which reaches 2800 C at the hottest point, or another source of heat (biogas, methane, petroleumõ).
The choice of an absorber made of suitable materials makes it possible to work in a temperature class of 1200 C in particular with certain materials or ceramics. This absorber transmits this high temperature to the working fluid which is hydrogen for its special properties. The absorber is designed to receive both concentrated solar radiation and a flame or allow the production of solar fuel at high temperature by thermolysis of water on the absorber.
The thermodynamic device consists of a piston process free being coaxial in a cylinder, the whole being in a closed cavity filled with h2 at high pressure, for example 150 or 200 bars, H2 being the working fluid. The first plunger called displacer is located in the immediate vicinity of the absorber.
When the gas heats up its volume increases and displaces the displacer piston, this volumetric change acting on the

8 second piston called work, which will move in proportion to the first.
The working gas looping between the two pistons from the outside of the coaxial cylinder, an imbalance is created rapid which moves the working gas in a cooled exchanger ideally by the liquid h2 circuit or any heat transfer fluid at low temperature, the sudden volume change causing a strong imbalance which recalls the displacement piston to its initial position, and the cycle begins again. In the circuit external between the two pistons is a device called regenerator whose thermal inertia makes it possible to carry out a heat transfer as it contributes to the improvement energy of overall performance.
Under ideal conditions of pressure, temperature, stroke, frequency, and other physical parameters, the phenomenon is self interview. As soon as one of the parameters varies, the power available to the working piston varies, this causing a linear alternator, output power varies proportional to the amplitude of the stroke.
The best rate of energy production, i.e. efficiency, occurs when the device resonates, involving that the whole is granted, and therefore all the parameters perfectly optimized and controlled. The power of the whole varying with the thermal power received, this varies in depending in particular on the solar irradiance. Known machines are equipped with mechanical springs and are adjusted so as to generate a resonance at a pre-determined frequency, which is fixed to produce an alternating current of a certain frequency adapted to electrical networks such as 50 or 60Hz.
As a result, the yield is limited because the parameters operating conditions such as resonance cannot be adjusted, involving in particular an adjustment of the stroke of the pistons.

9 Unlike known machines, the device according to the invention makes it possible to maintain this resonance by acting continuously on the stroke of the pistons. For this the electronics of the alternator generates a force against electromotive, called FCEM, which makes it possible to vary the power of the alternator and therefore to act on the race of the pistons while producing a spring effect maintaining the resonance. This back emf can be located on both pistons if necessary to obtain a very fine regulation and therefore the better efficiency, each piston then being fitted with a stator, being the static part of the electromagnetic circuit, and a linear rotor or moving part of the circuit electromagnetic.
To prevent wear and ensure a long service life of the device, the pistons move and are centered by a air cushion, which is h2, called h2 cushion. This cushion of h2 is generated by grooves located on the periphery pistons, these generating micro vortices within the cavities thus created, which result in overpressures local and thus prevent the pistons from touching the walls of the cylinder and therefore to avoid any friction thus not causing no wear thus being able to make a unit hermetically sealed like refrigeration compressors, with a lifespan of around 40 years.
Object of the invention The present invention relates to a production system of energy comprising means for collecting solar energy and means for producing electricity characterized in that the electricity generator comprises an absorber receiving solar energy to heat a thermodynamic device, said absorber being disposed in a heating zone optional by a burner.

Advantageously, the system comprises a vacuum chamber featuring internal/external thermal insulation and anti-reflective window.
It also concerns the use of h2 cryogenic cold at about minus 253 degrees and a heat source at about 1200 C with a yield of 60%
It implements according to a variant of the race pistons variable under resonance by counter-electromotive force and electronic regulation.
It provides for poly-energy production (electricity, cold, hot, solar fuel (trade name), drinking water, sterilization UHT, steam, etc. unlike single electrical energy sources (PV, CSP,...) To reduce the wear of the pistons/cylinders a cushion is used air/or hydrogen.
Heat loss recovery operates a cryogenic cold generator and operates a vacuum pump.
The system according to a variant further comprises means hydrolysis for the generation of a hydrogen-oxygen couple (solar fuel commercial name) by solar concentration h2o on hot surface The compensation of h2 losses is ensured by gaseous diffusion by taking a fraction of solar fuel (trade name) and re-injection into the thermodynamic module Detailed description of a non-limiting example of the invention The present invention will be better understood on reading the detailed description of a non-limiting example of the invention which follows, referring to the attached drawings where:
- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first realization of the invention - Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a second example of realization.

Schematic description of the invention Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a first example of achievement The installation comprises for example a concentration system diagrammatically illustrated in the example described by a plane sensor (1) forming a diffraction grating of the type Fresnel sensor returning solar radiation to a hemispherical concentrator (2) mounted on a structure orientable to concentrate the radiation on a point located level of capture equipment formed by an enclosure (3) vacuum opening with a transparent window at the concentrated solar radiation (4).
The vacuum enclosure (3) defines an absorbent cavity limiting losses by diffusion in the air. The window (4) is covered with an anti-reflection coating in the spectrum adequate to avoid more than 30% optical/thermal losses.
General thermal insulation can be obtained, for example, with aerogels, expanded perlite, or even certain carbon/graphite forms with excellent insulating properties and a low cost since being abundant materials and recycled. It can also be a set of speakers under vacuum type dewar.
The enclosure (3) contains an absorber (5) made of a material adapted such as a ceramic. The surface of the absorber (5) has micro-cavities made during molding, to approach the characteristics of a black body.
The enclosure (3) has several interfaces with ducts (6 to 9):
- A duct (6) for the adjustable hot air outlet in temperature for heating, cooking, and all metallurgy or industrial chemistry operations. This conduit (6) allows controlled transfer to additional equipment for the use of hot air, and also reduces the pressure inside the enclosure (3) and to evacuate the combustion products.
- a duct (7) for injecting a mist of water which will be subjected to a temperature which can reach 2,500 C, causing its spontaneous chemical dissociation into its two elements, H2 and 0 by cracking or thermolysis of water making it possible to obtain hydrogen and oxygen, by dissociating by heat the atoms composing the water molecule H20. This thermochemical reaction starting at high temperature (between 850 C and 900 C) to become complete around 2500 C.
- a conduit (7) for extracting a jet of molecules of different masses then separated by means of a suitable device for obtaining two separate streams hydrogen and oxygen.
- a conduit (8) for supplying a burner Previously stored HHO. This burner makes it possible to bring a contribution energy to generate a flame at approximately 2,800 C allowing operate the system at night or in overcast conditions.
The absorber device is modular, thus allowing the use of external heat when, for example, the HHO tank is found to be empty or other fuels such than biogas or any other source.
A cloud detection system (10) and complete pre-heating installation.
Description of a second exemplary embodiment Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a second example of achievement.
It includes, as in the previous example, an enclosure with controlled atmosphere (3) opening with a transparent window to solar radiation (4) and containing an absorber (5). This absorber (5) produces high temperature for thermolysis of water introduced into the enclosure (3) by misting. He is also thermally coupled to a power transformer

(10). This power transformer (10) consists of a thermodynamic device of the FPSE or other type, in cogeneration associated with a Stirling liquefaction device (or other) making it possible to liquefy the gases produced (H2/02,) by view of their storage, then a Stirling refrigeration appliance (or other) for the production of cold working in cogeneration with the inevitable losses of the liquefier.
A storage tank for H2 and possibly liquefied 02 provides an energy carrier during the night or unfavorable weather conditions, with a view to reinjection via a burner. The separation of the gaseous components obtained by the thermolysis is ensured by a cell separating the gases from thermolysis, and which can be either a vortex supersonic, HT electrolysis, proton membrane, etc.
The absorber (5) is produced by way of example, for example in ceramic or any suitable material.
In the example illustrated by FIG. 2, the absorber (5) is thermally coupled to an electricity generator (10) consisting of an isolated containment enclosure (11) thermally inside which is positioned a high pressure cylinder (12) coaxial. This high pressure cylinder (12) is also thermally insulated.
Inside this high pressure cylinder (12) moves a high-pressure piston (13) which provides cyclic compression of a gas actuating a second stage comprising a low-pressure (14).
Air or water exchangers (15, 16) surround the enclosures containment (11) and electrical coils (17).
The general composition in the form of cylinders nested together in the others allows the optimization of surfaces and volumes, while minimizing load losses. On the other hand, this type layout allows manufacturing but also assembly easy. Seals between piston/cylinder rings can be made by grooves generating micro vortices.

A possible additional stage of greater dimension could use with more conventional materials such as aluminium, PTFE, steels, cast iron, etc.
The device benefits from continuous feedback adjustable via the electric generator which advantageously replaces the mechanical spring or the connecting rod by the back emf (counter electromotive force). So, by doing vary the electrical parameters we have a stroke adjustable making it possible to operate in continuous resonance.
Furthermore, the electromagnetic servoing of the pistons allows an easier start by acting on them and initiating the boot process.
This type of motor is reversible to produce cold, or the heat. This configuration is possible using the linear electric generator as motor via electronics control.
The invention has suitable sensors and computers allowing to detect in advance a cloudy passage and to anticipate the operation of the heat source additional (hho or other) before the decrease in power solar.

Claims (4)

Claims 1) Energy production system comprising a means of collection of solar energy and means of production of electricity comprising an absorber (5) receiving the energy solar to heat a thermodynamic device, said absorber (5) being arranged in an optional heating zone by a burner (8) characterized in that the surface of said the absorber (5) has microcavities. 2) Energy production system comprising a means of collection of solar energy and means of production electricity according to Claim 1, characterized in that that it comprises a vacuum enclosure having an insulation internal/external thermal and anti-reflective window. 3) Energy production system comprising a means of collection of solar energy and means of production electricity according to Claim 1, characterized in that said absorber (5) is thermally coupled to a generator of electricity (10) consisting of a containment enclosure (11) thermally insulated inside which is positioned a coaxial high-pressure cylinder (12), a piston high pressure (13) moving in said high cylinder pressure (12) to ensure the cyclic compression of a gas actuating a second stage comprising a low-pressure piston (14). 4) Energy production system comprising a means of collection of solar energy and means of production electricity according to Claim 1, characterized in that the enclosure (3) surrounding said absorber (5) has several interfaces with conduits (6 to 9):
- A duct (6) for the hot air outlet adjustable in temperature - a conduit for the injection of a water mist - a conduit to extract a jet of mass molecules different then separated via a suitable device for obtaining two separate streams hydrogen and oxygen - a conduit for supplying an HHO burner previously stored.