CA3141957C - Open pen detection and shut down system - Google Patents
Open pen detection and shut down system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA3141957C CA3141957C CA3141957A CA3141957A CA3141957C CA 3141957 C CA3141957 C CA 3141957C CA 3141957 A CA3141957 A CA 3141957A CA 3141957 A CA3141957 A CA 3141957A CA 3141957 C CA3141957 C CA 3141957C
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- CA
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- Prior art keywords
- neutral
- conductor
- pen
- voltage difference
- earth
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
- H02H3/32—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors
- H02H3/33—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers
- H02H3/338—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors using summation current transformers also responsive to wiring error, e.g. loss of neutral, break
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
- H02H5/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection
- H02H5/105—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection responsive to deterioration or interruption of earth connection
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Testing Of Short-Circuits, Discontinuities, Leakage, Or Incorrect Line Connections (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
Abstract
This invention is a unique way of electronically measuring an open PEN situation in a multi-phase system without reference to mother earth. If the floating voltage becomes dangerous, the device disconnects the circuit, avoiding a potentially dangerous situation to develop.
Description
OPEN PEN DETECTION AND SHUT DOWN SYSTEM
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application relates to an open pen detection an shut down system.
BACKGROUND
Electrical safety is of paramount importance, and there are various components that are used to ensure electrical safety in any electrical installation. Examples of safety components that are used to ensure safety are circuit breakers, fuses and residual current devices.
Circuit Breakers (MCBs) and fuses react to overload currents and are designed to protect the wiring from faults caused by overloading a circuit. This could occur through a short-circuit or simply by powering too many devices on the circuit.
Residual Current Devices (RCDs) are life-saving devices designed to shut off the supply if a live wire connects to earth, which can prevent a fatal electric shock if a live wire is touched, can provide some protection against electrical fires and will usually trigger if a cable is severed. In the United States and Canada, RCDs are referred to as Ground Fault Interrupters (GFIs). An RCD and a GFI is the same device.
Note: In the United States and Canada, 'earth' is referred to as 'ground'.
In the United Kingdom, like many other countries, the local grid has three alternating current (AC) phases plus a neutral connection, which is earthed at the local sub-station.
This neutral connection is known as a Protective Earth and Neutral (PEN) conductor. At the customer site, the Protective Earth (PE) and Neutral (N) cables are split out from each other. This earthing system is referred to as TN-C-S system. It is also referred to as Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) in the United Kingdom.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
TECHNICAL FIELD
This application relates to an open pen detection an shut down system.
BACKGROUND
Electrical safety is of paramount importance, and there are various components that are used to ensure electrical safety in any electrical installation. Examples of safety components that are used to ensure safety are circuit breakers, fuses and residual current devices.
Circuit Breakers (MCBs) and fuses react to overload currents and are designed to protect the wiring from faults caused by overloading a circuit. This could occur through a short-circuit or simply by powering too many devices on the circuit.
Residual Current Devices (RCDs) are life-saving devices designed to shut off the supply if a live wire connects to earth, which can prevent a fatal electric shock if a live wire is touched, can provide some protection against electrical fires and will usually trigger if a cable is severed. In the United States and Canada, RCDs are referred to as Ground Fault Interrupters (GFIs). An RCD and a GFI is the same device.
Note: In the United States and Canada, 'earth' is referred to as 'ground'.
In the United Kingdom, like many other countries, the local grid has three alternating current (AC) phases plus a neutral connection, which is earthed at the local sub-station.
This neutral connection is known as a Protective Earth and Neutral (PEN) conductor. At the customer site, the Protective Earth (PE) and Neutral (N) cables are split out from each other. This earthing system is referred to as TN-C-S system. It is also referred to as Protective Multiple Earthing (PME) in the United Kingdom.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
2 This system works well so long as the PEN conductor is working. If the PEN
conductor is broken on the supply side, there is no longer a reference voltage for the three phases. If the load between phases is unbalanced (which it invariably is because there will be different loads on each phase), the voltage difference between phases can become substantial, with potentially fatal consequences. This scenario is called an 'Open PEN'.
The most common symptoms of an open PEN would be undervoltage, causing 'brown outs' on a circuit with equipment unable to cope with the low voltage; or overvoltage, which can damage electrical and electronic equipment, risks causing fires and electrocution.
MCBs and RCDs cannot identify an open PEN scenario and so a different form of protection is required. This is usually provided by additional electrical earthing when power if brought into a building.
The recently released 18th Edition of the IET Electrical Regulations (BS7671) has put measures in place to try and deal with this situation. The measures available are to measure the voltage level on the neutral in the premises to earth (mother earth) via an electrical electrode as a reference point, converting the electrical installation to a TT
Network by disconnecting the existing PEN and creating a separate PEN
conductor, or fitting an isolation transformer.
Depending on the application, these options are not always possible. A good example of this would be installing electric vehicle charging points on an upper level of a multi-storey car park. Reliably earthing the supply before it is fed into the charging points may not be .. possible, whilst isolating transformers are big, bulky and expensive and there may not be a suitable space to install them.
SUMMARY
The invention is a unique way of electronically measuring an open PEN
situation in a multi-phase system without reference to mother earth. If the floating voltage becomes dangerous, the device disconnects the circuit, avoiding a potentially fatal situation to Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
conductor is broken on the supply side, there is no longer a reference voltage for the three phases. If the load between phases is unbalanced (which it invariably is because there will be different loads on each phase), the voltage difference between phases can become substantial, with potentially fatal consequences. This scenario is called an 'Open PEN'.
The most common symptoms of an open PEN would be undervoltage, causing 'brown outs' on a circuit with equipment unable to cope with the low voltage; or overvoltage, which can damage electrical and electronic equipment, risks causing fires and electrocution.
MCBs and RCDs cannot identify an open PEN scenario and so a different form of protection is required. This is usually provided by additional electrical earthing when power if brought into a building.
The recently released 18th Edition of the IET Electrical Regulations (BS7671) has put measures in place to try and deal with this situation. The measures available are to measure the voltage level on the neutral in the premises to earth (mother earth) via an electrical electrode as a reference point, converting the electrical installation to a TT
Network by disconnecting the existing PEN and creating a separate PEN
conductor, or fitting an isolation transformer.
Depending on the application, these options are not always possible. A good example of this would be installing electric vehicle charging points on an upper level of a multi-storey car park. Reliably earthing the supply before it is fed into the charging points may not be .. possible, whilst isolating transformers are big, bulky and expensive and there may not be a suitable space to install them.
SUMMARY
The invention is a unique way of electronically measuring an open PEN
situation in a multi-phase system without reference to mother earth. If the floating voltage becomes dangerous, the device disconnects the circuit, avoiding a potentially fatal situation to Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
3 develop. This system has been implemented electronically without the need for transformers.
This invention is different to the system devised by Gabrielsson, Flat and Berman (patent number US2018224488 (Al) ¨ 2018-08-09) that uses transformers to measure RCD
and ground connections.
Kawamura (patent US2019086464 (Al) ¨ 2019-03-21) has devised a system to detect ground faults for DC applications. This is typically used for battery systems and is not suitable for AC grid connections.
This invention shall enable a three-phase power supply to be protected from an open PEN
fault without the need for additional earth electrodes or isolation transformers.
This invention shall protect every circuit from any upstream open PEN faults.
This invention is as defined in the independent claims.
The invention is more compact, lighter and significantly cheaper than isolation transformers.
The invention is easier to install than either isolation transformers or earth electrodes.
The invention may also allow remote monitoring and reporting of open PEN
faults.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described by the way of example and reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an example of a typical TN-C-S earthing system layout with a conventional earth electrode;
Figure 2 shows an example of a TN-C-S earthing system using the Open PEN
device.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
This invention is different to the system devised by Gabrielsson, Flat and Berman (patent number US2018224488 (Al) ¨ 2018-08-09) that uses transformers to measure RCD
and ground connections.
Kawamura (patent US2019086464 (Al) ¨ 2019-03-21) has devised a system to detect ground faults for DC applications. This is typically used for battery systems and is not suitable for AC grid connections.
This invention shall enable a three-phase power supply to be protected from an open PEN
fault without the need for additional earth electrodes or isolation transformers.
This invention shall protect every circuit from any upstream open PEN faults.
This invention is as defined in the independent claims.
The invention is more compact, lighter and significantly cheaper than isolation transformers.
The invention is easier to install than either isolation transformers or earth electrodes.
The invention may also allow remote monitoring and reporting of open PEN
faults.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will now be described by the way of example and reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 shows an example of a typical TN-C-S earthing system layout with a conventional earth electrode;
Figure 2 shows an example of a TN-C-S earthing system using the Open PEN
device.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
4 DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Figure 1 does not describe the invention itself but explains how a conventional electrical system may be configured in countries like the United Kingdom that implement TN-C-S
power distribution. It is used to illustrate the difference between a conventional system and the Open Pen device.
In Figure 1, the dotted box on the left-hand side of the drawing (point 1) shows the output components of a distribution sub-station. The three phase power lines (3, 4 and 5) are tied together in a star, or Wye configuration (point 6). The centre point of the star is the neutral conductor (point 7). This is tied to mother earth using an electrical electrode (point 8). Because this neutral cable has been tied to earth, it is referred to as the Protective Earth/Neutral (PEN) conductor (9).
The dotted box on the right-hand side of the drawing (point 2) shows the power cables as they enter a customer site. The PEN conductor is split at this point ( 10) and is tied to earth using one or more electrical electrodes (11). A separate earth conductor is created at this point (12).
The entire power cable, incorporating the three live conductors (3, 4 and 5), the neutral (9) and the newly created earth conductor ( 12) are then fed into a distribution panel (13) for distributing through the customer site.
Figure 2 shows the same system using the Open PEN device at the customer site.
Here, a connection is made into each of the three live conductors (21, 22 and 23) and tied together in a star (Wye) configuration (24) creating a virtual neutral (25).
The voltage difference between the virtual neutral and the PEN connector is measured using a conventional voltage sensing relay (26). If the voltage difference is greater than a predetermined safety limit, the voltage sensing relay closes it contacts. This energises a three phase five pole shunt trip (27), opening the contacts and thereby disconnecting the power conductors from the customer site.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24 In addition to the voltage sensing relay disconnecting the shunt trip, the output from the relay can also be used to trigger an alarm signal. This signal could be used to activate a beacon or read by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computer system in order to provide remote monitoring of an Open PEN condition.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
Figure 1 does not describe the invention itself but explains how a conventional electrical system may be configured in countries like the United Kingdom that implement TN-C-S
power distribution. It is used to illustrate the difference between a conventional system and the Open Pen device.
In Figure 1, the dotted box on the left-hand side of the drawing (point 1) shows the output components of a distribution sub-station. The three phase power lines (3, 4 and 5) are tied together in a star, or Wye configuration (point 6). The centre point of the star is the neutral conductor (point 7). This is tied to mother earth using an electrical electrode (point 8). Because this neutral cable has been tied to earth, it is referred to as the Protective Earth/Neutral (PEN) conductor (9).
The dotted box on the right-hand side of the drawing (point 2) shows the power cables as they enter a customer site. The PEN conductor is split at this point ( 10) and is tied to earth using one or more electrical electrodes (11). A separate earth conductor is created at this point (12).
The entire power cable, incorporating the three live conductors (3, 4 and 5), the neutral (9) and the newly created earth conductor ( 12) are then fed into a distribution panel (13) for distributing through the customer site.
Figure 2 shows the same system using the Open PEN device at the customer site.
Here, a connection is made into each of the three live conductors (21, 22 and 23) and tied together in a star (Wye) configuration (24) creating a virtual neutral (25).
The voltage difference between the virtual neutral and the PEN connector is measured using a conventional voltage sensing relay (26). If the voltage difference is greater than a predetermined safety limit, the voltage sensing relay closes it contacts. This energises a three phase five pole shunt trip (27), opening the contacts and thereby disconnecting the power conductors from the customer site.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24 In addition to the voltage sensing relay disconnecting the shunt trip, the output from the relay can also be used to trigger an alarm signal. This signal could be used to activate a beacon or read by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computer system in order to provide remote monitoring of an Open PEN condition.
Date Recue/Date Received 2021-09-24
Claims (13)
1. A customer site entry device for creating a Virtual Neutral from a three-phase power source and measuring a voltage difference between the Virtual Neutral and a Protective Earth and Neutral (PEN) conductor, wherein the PEN conductor is a customer site conductor based on a Protective Multiple Earthing system, wherein an elevated voltage difference between the virtual neutral and the PEN
conductor indicates that the PEN conductor is broken, and wherein the measured voltage difference is without reference to real ground.
conductor indicates that the PEN conductor is broken, and wherein the measured voltage difference is without reference to real ground.
2. The device of claim 1, further comprising a switching system to disconnect the three-phase power source, including the Protective Earth and Neutral conductor, in the event of the voltage difference exceeding a safe limit.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the safe limit is a predetermined limit.
4. The device of claim 2 or 3, wherein disconnecting the Protective Earth and Neutral conductor is performed by disconnecting separate Neutral and Earth conductors split from the Protective Earth and Neutral conductor.
5. The device of any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the switching system is a five-pole shunt trip, wherein three of the poles are for three respective phases of the three-phase power source, one of the poles is for disconnecting Neutral, and one of the poles is for disconnecting Earth.
6. The device of any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising an output to trigger an alarm signal when the voltage difference exceeds the safe limit, to provide warning of an open-circuit Protective Earth and Neutral conductor, wherein the alarm signal activates a beacon or is read by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or computer system.
7. The device of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the Virtual Neutral is created by the device connecting to each of three live conductors of the three-phase power source, and tying the live conductors but not the PEN conductor together in a star configuration.
8. The device of claim 7, wherein the Virtual Neutral is at a centre point of the star configuration.
9. The device of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising a voltage sensing relay for measuring the voltage difference.
10. The device of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein at the customer site the Protective Earth and Neutral conductor splits into separate earth and neutral conductors.
11. The device of any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the measured voltage difference is dependent on the PEN conductor being broken on a supply side and on existence of a phase-to-phase voltage difference.
12. The device of any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the device is an isolating transformer-free device.
13. The device of any one of claims 1 to 12, configured to isolate a customer site distribution panel from the three-phase power source when the PEN conductor is broken.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB1904068.2A GB2578339B (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2019-03-25 | Open PEN detection and shut down system |
| GB1904068.2 | 2019-03-25 | ||
| PCT/GB2020/050474 WO2020193942A1 (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2020-02-27 | Open pen detection and shut down system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3141957A1 CA3141957A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
| CA3141957C true CA3141957C (en) | 2022-06-14 |
Family
ID=66381440
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3141957A Active CA3141957C (en) | 2019-03-25 | 2020-02-27 | Open pen detection and shut down system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2020247540B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3141957C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2578339B (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ781198A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2020193942A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2601154B (en) * | 2020-11-19 | 2023-06-07 | Indra Renewable Tech Ltd | Electric vehicle supply equipment |
| GB2603191B (en) * | 2021-02-01 | 2023-05-24 | Yunex Ltd | Open-neutral electrical fault isolator |
| CN114966474A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-08-30 | 华为数字能源技术有限公司 | Fault detection method and device for three-phase power distribution system |
| GB2606005B (en) * | 2021-04-22 | 2024-09-04 | Schneider Electric Ltd | Detecting an open pen conductor |
| IT202200008606A1 (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2023-10-29 | Porsche Ag | VIRTUAL NEUTRAL POINT GENERATION DEVICE |
| GB202209385D0 (en) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-08-10 | Shell Int Research | Electrical protection system |
| GB2620410A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2024-01-10 | Greentec International Ltd | Voltage-based disconnection of electric vehicle supply equipment |
| GB2626322A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2024-07-24 | Greentec International Ltd | Electric meter with detection system |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2117196A (en) * | 1982-03-03 | 1983-10-05 | Ronald Charles Adey | Detecting faults in a multi phase AC supply |
| DE4339241C2 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1995-09-07 | Schleicher Relais | Circuit arrangement for monitoring and detecting the failure of the neutral conductor or a phase conductor of a three-phase network |
| DE19831769C1 (en) * | 1998-07-15 | 1999-10-07 | Kopp Heinrich Ag | Arrangement for monitoring a current network, esp. a three-phase current network with earth and neutral lines |
| FR2998726B1 (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2016-01-01 | Schneider Electric Ind Sas | NEUTRAL RUPTURE DETECTOR IN A THREE-PHASE ELECTRICAL SYSTEM |
| US9335363B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2016-05-10 | Eaton Corporation | Missing or broken neutral monitoring circuit for split phase electrical distribution configurations |
| US9577423B2 (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2017-02-21 | Eaton Corporation | Power system including a load panel protecting a facility from a broken or missing neutral of a split phase electrical distribution configuration |
| DE102013016710B4 (en) * | 2013-07-05 | 2020-08-20 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Device and method for detecting a break in the neutral conductor |
| DE102015207456B3 (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-09-22 | Bender Gmbh & Co. Kg | Insulation monitoring device with voltage monitoring and underlying method |
| EP3465867B1 (en) | 2016-06-06 | 2023-05-24 | Webasto Charging Systems, Inc. | Transformer for measuring a common mode current and method of determining a common mode current |
| EP3373403B1 (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2020-06-10 | Heinrich Kopp GmbH | Differential current protection and operation method for detecting a voltage on the pen conductor |
| JP6698599B2 (en) | 2017-09-21 | 2020-05-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | Ground fault detector |
-
2019
- 2019-03-25 GB GB1904068.2A patent/GB2578339B/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-02-27 NZ NZ781198A patent/NZ781198A/en unknown
- 2020-02-27 CA CA3141957A patent/CA3141957C/en active Active
- 2020-02-27 AU AU2020247540A patent/AU2020247540B2/en active Active
- 2020-02-27 WO PCT/GB2020/050474 patent/WO2020193942A1/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2578339A (en) | 2020-05-06 |
| GB201904068D0 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
| CA3141957A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
| AU2020247540B2 (en) | 2021-11-25 |
| NZ781198A (en) | 2021-12-24 |
| AU2020247540A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 |
| WO2020193942A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
| GB2578339B (en) | 2020-12-30 |
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| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20210924 |
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| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20210924 |