CA3119867A1

CA3119867A1 - Trusted hardware network interconnection device and resources, and integrated multi-level or cross-domain network security management appliance, platform and system

Info

Publication number: CA3119867A1
Application number: CA3119867A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Bruno Couillard; Bradley Clare Ritchie; James Ross Goodman; Jean-Pierre FISET
Original assignee: Couillard Bruno; Fiset Jean Pierre; Goodman James Ross; Crypto4a Technologies Inc
Current assignee: Crypto4a Technologies Inc
Priority date: 2018-11-29
Filing date: 2019-11-15
Publication date: 2020-06-04
Also published as: EP3888286A4; EP3888286A1; WO2020107098A1

Abstract

Described are various embodiments of a hardware security module, hardwired port interconnection matrix, and embedded communication channel resources operable on selected hardware port-specific data communicated via this matrix. Also described are various embodiments of an integrated multi-level or cross-domain network security appliance and system.

Description

TRUSTED HARDWARE NETWORK INTERCONNECTION DEVICE AND
RESOURCES, AND INTEGRATED MULTI-LEVEL OR CROSS-DOMAIN
NETWORK SECURITY MANAGEMENT APPLIANCE, PLATFORM AND SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[001] The present disclosure relates to trusted network infrastructures, and, in particular, to a trusted hardware network interconnection device and resources, and integrated multi-level or cross-domain network security appliance and system.
BACKGROUND

[002] The provision, customization and management of secure network infrastructure is an ongoing challenge in the provision of secure, accurate and reliable network services and resources, for example, as there is an ongoing and increasing desire for such services and resources.

[003] As one example, hardware security modules (HSM) are known to provide a physical computing device that safeguards and manages digital keys for digital system authentication and cryptographic processing. For example, HSMs routinely form part of mission-critical infrastructures such as public key infrastructures or online banking applications. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card, or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server.

[004] In external device implementations, a hardware processor and storage device is provided within a tamper-resistant casing or the like so to minimize unauthorized access and hardware tampering, while also occasionally providing tamper evidence logging. An external input/output interface is provided via PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association), PC Card interface, Smart Card interface, USB port, or any other communication interface that may be design specific and that links to an internal memory used for storing private keys and like data in an associated key space, and a cryptographic engine for processing these keys for an intended purpose (authentication and/or authorization, encryption/decryption, etc.). A PCI or PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) interface can alternatively be provided to result in a similar implementation. Using this approach, various HSMs may be interconnected within a network architecture to provide various data security services, generally, in a one-to-one fashion (i.e. one HSM per network security function).

[005] In network implementations, a network attached HSM may take the form of a standard HSM communicatively linked to an appliance server (e.g. application layer interface) or the like that intermediates access to the HSM and can thus allow a same network attached HSM to interface with distinct services. For instance, HSM
access software executed on the appliance server can sort through various inbound requests .. received from distinct network-accessible sources and channels and manage processing of such requests by the HSM over a singular server-HSM channel. Ultimately, the HSM is executed in response to the appliance server and thus generally remains blind to the sorting and management functions of the appliance server.

[006] The SafeNet Luna SA / Network HSM (Gemalto, Belcamp, MD, e.g. see https://safenet. gem alto. com/data-encrypti on/hardware-se curity-m odul e s-hsm s/safenet-network-hsm/) provides one example of a network HSM in which multiple HSM
hardware storage partitions can be defined to secure corresponding cryptographic keys.
These keys are stored to service corresponding network applications via an onboard access software that provides the network linking services on the appliance, that executes programmed logic to interface with the partitioned key spaces on one side, and the various network applications on the other via corresponding secured network connections (i.e.
SSL).
Accordingly, a common HSM network interface can be used to concurrently service various network applications or clients over respective secure network connections thereto, while also providing partitioned storage solutions to store application-specific keys in distinct storage partitions.

[007] A few of the HSMs available in the market today have the ability to execute specially developed modules within the HSM's secure enclosure. Such ability is useful, for example, in cases where special algorithms or business logic has to be executed in a secured and controlled environment. For example, HSMs provided by Thales e-Security

8 (Plantation, FL, e.g. see http s ://www. thal es-e security . com/products-and-services/
products-and-services/hardware-security-modules) promote the ability to host critical applications within the HSM' s security boundary so to establish tamper-resistant business processes (i.e. executed within a generally anti-tamper running environment) in addition to protecting cryptographic operations.
[008] U. S . Patent Application publication No. 2013/0219164 describes Cloud-Based Hardware Security Modules in which a cloud-based HSM provides core security functions of a physically controlled HSM, such as a USB HSM, while allowing user access within the cloud and from a user device, including user devices without input ports capable of direct connection to the HSM. The HSMs can be connected to multi-HSM
appliances on the organization or user side of the cloud network, or on the cloud provider side of the cloud network. HSMs can facilitate multiple users, and multi-HSM appliances can facilitate multiple organizations.

[009] International Application publication No. WO 2016/099644 describes Systems and Methods for Using Extended Hardware Security Modules that possess additional security properties relative to conventional HSMs and methods for initializing, deploying, and managing such extended HSMs in a networked environment. An extended HSM is described to generally include additional hardware and software components that configure it to run sensitive client tasks on demand inside a cloud-hosted, anti-tamper HSM housing so as to ensure sensitive data is encrypted when stored or processed outside the housing.
By deploying virtualization technology inside the extended HSM, virtual HSMs may be implemented as virtual machines or more efficient light-weight operating system-level virtualized containers. As such, a single extended HSM host may run one or more virtualized extended HSM guests in respective virtualized spaces. Namely, a host HSM
may provide a virtual network interface functionality to a guest using its underlying hardware network interface to implement the provided network interface functionality.

[0010]
Furthermore, multi-level network architectures are commonly deployed, for instance, where disparate networking resources are required to establish particular network data paths across and particularly between network zones and/or interfaces in order to deliver a particular service or application. Physical separation between network resources is also commonplace in high security implementations, for example, where physically isolated network security zones may be required to secure back end resources for instance deployed in a high security zone from public and/or low security authorized user zones. In some high security installations, the establishment of physically isolated networking devices/appliances is in fact a requirement to satisfy security compliance standards beyond basic commercial networking standards, such as described in the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS 140-2) document published by the United States National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST), for example, and above.
Accordingly, a network security zoning architecture may be invoked to physically separate a high security zone in which a sensitive restricted-access database or application server is implemented, from a public access zone operated in accordance with reduced access security standards so to allow greater user access and operation.

[0011]
Generally, a multi-level network architecture, such as a network security zoning architecture, will take the form of a stack of distinct network-enabled devices, interconnected in accordance with a designated operational network design via a series of corresponding physical network interface controllers and cables, to relay data, commands and instructions over a set of established (secured) data channels. In doing so, reasonable security strength can be achieved by virtue of the respective physical segregation of the externally interconnected networking devices, though network tampering may nonetheless result from physical reconnection of the subject devices, unauthorized local access via external physical connection to one or more of the subject devices, introduction of an unauthorized hacking device, or again by unauthorized reallocation of software-defined ports and/or data channels on tampered or otherwise compromised devices, to name a few examples. It is therefore considered critical to also ensure the physical security of such architectures.

[0012]
Alternative solutions to physically segregated network devices may include the virtualization of certain network resources through software so as to combine multiple such resources on a same networking device or appliance. Accordingly, rather than to physically interconnect networking devices as above, a set of virtual network interface controllers may be configured in software to define appropriate virtual interfaces between the various network components virtualized on a same physical device. In the context of network security zoning, system designers may seek to at least partially collapse a given network zoning architecture into one or more virtualization zones (e.g. physically segregated zone-by-zone virtualization or physically aggregated zone virtualizations ¨ see for example, Network Segmentation in Virtualized Environments by vmware:
http s ://www.vmware.
com/content/dam/digitalmarketing/vmware/en/pdf/techpaper/netwo rk segmentation.pdf). Contrary to its physical implementation, a virtualized zoning architecture will interconnect virtualized servers via virtual switches, network interface controllers and the like to reduce required hardware. In doing so, the system becomes easier to implement and customize through software management applications, but also becomes more vulnerable to misconfigurations of, or tampering with, the virtualized system components, which may result in loss of zone isolations and/or data breaches

[0013]
This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art or forms part of the general common knowledge in the relevant art.
SUMMARY

[0014]
The following presents a simplified summary of the general inventive concept(s) described herein to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the disclosure. This summary is not an extensive overview of the disclosure. It is not intended to restrict key or critical elements of embodiments of the disclosure or to delineate their scope beyond that which is explicitly or implicitly described by the following description and claims.

[0015] A need exists for a trusted hardware network interconnection device and resources that overcomes some of the drawbacks of known techniques, or at least, provides a useful alternative thereto. Some aspects of this disclosure provide examples of such devices and related processes.

[0016] In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a trusted hardware network interconnection device and resources.

[0017] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a hardware security module, hardwired port interconnection matrix, and embedded communication channel resources operable on selected hardware port-specific data communicated via this matrix.

[0018] In accordance with one aspect, there is provided a hardware security module comprising: two or more hardware ports, each one of which operable to electronically receive given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon to initiate execution of an internal cryptographic process as a function thereof; two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces, each operatively linked to a corresponding hardware port via a corresponding hardware link, and storing respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable upon said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data corresponding thereto and being received via said corresponding hardware port; a cryptographic engine operable to execute said cryptographic process based on said secured port-specific cryptographic data retrieved from said segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces as a function of said given input port-specific cryptographic data; and a hardwired port interconnection matrix that operatively interconnects at least some of said hardware ports in accordance with predefined hardwired port-specific logic and invokes an embedded communication channel resource operable on selected hardware port-specific data communicated via said matrix.

[0019] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a hardware security module comprising: two or more hardware ports, each one of which operable to electronically receive given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon to initiate execution of an internal cryptographic process as a function thereof; two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces each operatively linked to a corresponding one of said hardware ports via a corresponding hardware link, and storing respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable as a function of said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data corresponding thereto; and a cryptographic engine operable to execute said cryptographic process based on said secured port-specific cryptographic data retrieved from said segregated hardware port-specific storage media as a function of said given input port-specific cryptographic data.

[0020] In one embodiment, each of said segregated hardware port-specific storage media comprise distinctly embedded storage media operatively hardwired to said corresponding one of said hardware ports.

[0021] In one embodiment, each of said segregated hardware port-specific storage media comprises distinct partitions of a common embedded storage media each operatively hardwired to said corresponding one of said hardware ports.

[0022] In one embodiment, the hardware security module further comprises an embedded processing system operable to execute said cryptographic engine.

[0023] In one embodiment, the embedded processing system comprises a dedicated processing core.

[0024] In one embodiment, the hardware ports, said segregated hardware port-specific storage media and said cryptographic engine are hardwired within a common integrated circuit architecture.

[0025] In one embodiment, the common integrated circuit architecture is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0026] In one embodiment, a same said cryptographic engine is commonly operable to execute a same said cryptographic process for each of said secured port-specific cryptographic data irrespective of hardware port-specificity.

[0027] In one embodiment, the cryptographic engine comprises distinct hardware port-specific cryptographic engines.

[0028] In one embodiment, each of said distinct hardware port-specific cryptographic engines is associated with a corresponding one of said segregated hardware-port specific storage spaces.

[0029] In one embodiment, the corresponding one of said segregated hardware-port specific storage spaces is exclusively accessible via a hardware link operatively defined through said associated one of said distinct hardware port-specific cryptographic engines.

[0030] In one embodiment, the hardware security module further comprises a hardwired port interconnection (i.e. trusted communication) matrix that operatively interconnects at least some of said hardware ports in accordance with predefined hardwired port-specific logic.

[0031] In one embodiment, the interconnection matrix is reconfigurable to redefine said hardwired port-specific logic.
to [0032]
In one embodiment, the port interconnection matrix is further configured to invoke one or more embedded communication channel resources operable on selected hardware port-specific data communicated via said matrix.
[0033] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise an inline channel encryption resource executed distinctly from said cryptographic engine.
[0034] In one embodiment, the cryptographic engine is operable to execute a control plane cryptographic process, whereas said inline channel encryption resource is operable to execute a communication plane cryptographic process subsequent to successful execution of said control plane cryptographic process.
[0035] In one embodiment, the control plane cryptographic process comprises a new session initiation process invoking a private key stored in said segregated port-specific storage space, whereas said communication plane cryptographic process comprises an in-session cryptographic process invoking a distinct session key.
[0036] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise at least one of an inline channel cryptographic resource, a data channel diode resource, a data channel filter resource, a data channel comparator resource, and a data channel sniffer resource.

[0037] In one embodiment, the module is a single-chip module.
[0038] In one embodiment, at least some said corresponding hardware link is implemented via common embedded hardware logic.
[0039] In one embodiment, the two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces comprise one or more externally integrated hardware storage resources.
[0040] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise a trusted metering function. In one such embodiment, the trusted metering function is operable to track transactions (data, events, requests) communicated on a given hardware channel and output cryptographically authenticated metering messages to accordingly.
[0041] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise a trusted flow control function. In one such embodiment, the trusted flow control function is operable to apply cryptographically authenticated flow control restrictions on transactions (data, events, requests) communicated on a given hardware channel.
[0042] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise a trusted function expander, wherein a data transaction relayed or triggered on a given input hardware channel is securely distributed and synchronized across multiple output hardware channels.
[0043] In one embodiment, the one or more communication channel resources comprise a trusted controllable event counter. In one such embodiment, the trusted controllable event counter is operable to apply cryptographically authenticated control over a designated event counting threshold thereof such that a trigger invoked upon reaching said threshold is securely adjustable. In one further such embodiment, the trusted controllable event counter is operatively associated with an onboard clock frequency signal to securely adjust output timing data associated therewith.
[0044] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a single-chip hardware security module comprising: two or more hardware ports, each one of which operable to electronically receive given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon to initiate execution of an internal cryptographic process as a function thereof;
two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage media spaces each operatively linked to a corresponding one of said hardware ports via a corresponding hardware link, and storing respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable as a function of said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data corresponding thereto; and a cryptographic engine operable to execute said cryptographic process based on said secured port-specific cryptographic data retrieved from said segregated hardware port-specific storage media as a function of said given input port-specific cryptographic data.
[0045] In one embodiment, each of said segregated hardware port-specific storage media comprise distinctly embedded storage media operatively hardwired to said corresponding one of said hardware ports.
[0046] In one embodiment, the single-chip hardware security module further comprises an embedded processing system operable to execute said cryptographic engine.
[0047] In one embodiment, the module is implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
[0048] In one embodiment, the single-chip hardware security module further comprises a hardwired port interconnection matrix that operatively interconnects at least some of said hardware ports in accordance with predefined hardwired port-specific logic.
[0049] In one embodiment, the interconnection matrix is (dynamically) reconfigurable to redefine said hardwired port-specific logic.
[0050] A
further or distinct need exists for an integrated multi-level network security appliance and system, that overcome some of the drawbacks of known techniques, or at least, provides a useful alternative thereto. Some aspects of this disclosure also provide examples of such systems and methods.

[0051] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a cross-domain network traffic management appliance comprising: an external hardware network domain port to interface with an external network corresponding with a first network security domain, and exchange domain-specific data therethrough; a cross-domain hardware port to interface with a second network security domain and exchange cross-domain data therethrough; one or more hardware-integrated processing engines; and a hardware-integrated interconnection matrix configured to define, in hardware, designated data communication paths to interconnect said processing engines; wherein said one or more hardware-integrated processing engines are operable to: process and validate ingress first domain data received from said first network security domain via said external hardware port for cross-domain egress via said cross-domain hardware port; and process cross-domain ingress data received via said cross-domain hardware port for dispatch to said first network security domain via said external hardware network port; wherein cross-domain egress and ingress data is internally encrypted and decrypted, respectively, in accordance with a .. designated destination-domain encryption process.
[0052] In one embodiment, the cross-domain egress and ingress data is respectively encrypted or decrypted by a hardware-integrated encryption engine.
[0053] In one embodiment, the hardware-integrated encryption engine is operatively associated with a plurality of hardware security module (HSM) ports distinctly addressable via said respective hardware paths of said interconnection matrix to respectively encrypt said cross-domain egress data and decrypt said cross-domain ingress data.
[0054] In one embodiment, respective hardware paths of said interconnection matrix physically segregates ingress and egress cross-domain data paths.
[0055] In one embodiment, the appliance further comprises a distinctly addressable hardware-integrated administrative engine operable to securely manage operation of said two or more hardware-integrated processing engines.
[0056] In one embodiment, the appliance further comprises an external hardware security network port distinctly addressable by one of said hardware-integrated processing engines to invoke an external validation process to be applied to said ingress domain-specific data prior to encryption for cross-domain egress.
[0057] In one embodiment, said hardware-integrated processing engines comprise a domain-specific protocol adapter operable to interface with said external network domain port, a cross-domain data validation engine operable to validate said ingress domain-specific data once processed by said protocol adapter, and a cross-domain access portal operable to interface with said cross-domain hardware port.
[0058] In one embodiment, said interconnection matrix defines a one-way hardware data path between said protocol adapter and said cross-domain access portal via said cross-domain data validation engine to process said ingress first domain data, and a distinct hardware data path between said cross-domain access portal and said protocol adapter to process said cross-domain ingress data.
[0059] In one embodiment, said cross-domain hardware port comprises an external cross-domain port to be operatively interfaced with a corresponding external cross-domain hardware port of a corresponding cross-domain network traffic management appliance operatively associated with said second network security domain.
[0060] In one embodiment, said cross-domain hardware port comprises an internal cross-domain port operatively interfacing with a corresponding internal cross-domain hardware port operatively associated with said second network security domain.
[0061] In one embodiment, said cross-domain hardware port is configured to operatively interface with a secure interconnection network operatively interconnecting respective cross-domain hardware ports associated with respective network security domains to securely transfer encrypted cross-domain data therebetween.
[0062] In one embodiment, said cross-domain hardware port is operable to interface with multiple distinct second network security domains and exchange distinct destination domain-specific data therewith.

[0063] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a cross-domain network traffic management system comprising: a plurality of hardware data path layers, each one of which corresponding with a designated network security domain and comprising: an external hardware network domain port to interface with an external network corresponding with a given network security domain, and exchange domain-specific data therethrough; a cross-domain hardware port to interface with distinct hardware data path layers corresponding with distinct network security domains and exchange cross-domain data therethrough; one or more hardware-integrated processing engines; and a hardware-integrated interconnection matrix configured to define, in hardware, designated data communication paths to interconnect said processing engines; wherein said hardware-integrated processing engines are operable to: process and validate ingress given domain data received from said given network security domain via said external hardware port for cross-domain egress via said cross-domain hardware port; and process cross-domain ingress data received via said cross-domain hardware port for dispatch to said given network security domain via said external hardware network port; wherein cross-domain egress and ingress data is internally encrypted and decrypted, respectively, in accordance with a respectively designated destination-domain encryption process.
[0064] In one embodiment, each said cross-domain hardware port operatively interfaces with a secure interconnection network to securely transfer encrypted cross-domain data thereon.
[0065] In accordance with another aspect, there is provided a multi-zone network traffic management system or appliance comprising: one or more hardware-integrated processing engines operable to implement one or more network security management processes associated with a respective network security zone; and a trusted hardware interconnection matrix having a plurality of hardware ports associated therewith and configured to define in hardware multiple data communication paths embedded therein exclusively interconnecting said network security zones via respective hardware paths thereof that integrally invoke, in hardware, said network security management processes;
wherein a given data transaction is routed in hardware via a designated hardware path of said interconnection matrix to operatively invoke a given network security management process, upon successful execution of which, said given data transaction is successfully relayed to a distinct zone via a distinct one of said hardware paths, such that said network security process is integrally invoked in hardware to process network transactions between said zones.
[0066] In one embodiment, said network security management processes comprise a transaction auditing process.
[0067] In one embodiment, said given network transaction is relayed, encrypted, to said distinct zone, and only successfully decrypted therein upon successful execution of said given network security management process.
to [0068]
In one embodiment, said security management process, upon successful execution thereof, releases a decryption key to successfully decrypt said relayed network transaction.
[0069] In one embodiment, said given network security management process, upon successful execution thereof, locally decrypts said given network transaction to be relayed to said distinct zone accordingly.
[0070] In one embodiment, said one or more network security management processes comprise a cryptographic process; and said one or more hardware-integrated processing engines comprise a cryptographic engine hardwired to interface with said hardware ports to execute each said cryptographic process.
[0071] Other aspects, features and/or advantages will become more apparent upon reading of the following non-restrictive description of specific embodiments thereof, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0072]
Several embodiments of the present disclosure will be provided, by way of examples only, with reference to the appended drawings, wherein:

[0073]
Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a hardware security module (HSM), in accordance with one embodiment;
[0074]
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a hardware security module (HSM), in accordance with another embodiment;
[0075] Figure 3A is a schematic diagram of a hardware security module (HSM), in accordance with yet another embodiment;
[0076]
Figure 3B is a schematic diagram of a hardware security module (HSM), in accordance with yet another embodiment;
[0077]
Figure 3C is a schematic diagram of a hardware security module (HSM), in 1() accordance with yet another embodiment;
[0078]
Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an integrated security processing system integrating a multi-level HSM interfacing via respective hardware connections with a series of associated processing engines, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0079]
Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a network security zoning architecture for a secure application invoking various network security zones, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0080]
Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a network security zoning architecture, such as that illustrated in the embodiment of Figure 5, deployed within the context of the secured integrated system or appliance illustrated in Figure 4;
[0081] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary multi-port distribution function for a secure application, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0082]
Figures 8A and 8B are schematic diagrams of a trusted metering and trusted flow control function, respectively, for a secure application, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0083]
Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of a trusted controllable frequency function for a secure application, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0084]
Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of an integrated multi-level network appliance, in accordance with one embodiment, having a trusted communication matrix or intelligent switch embedded therein, and optionally having one or more embedded channel resources accessible thereto;
[0085]
Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of an embedded hardware security module (HSM) operable as a trusted intelligent switch in the integrated multi-level network appliance of Figure 10, in which embedded HSM security resources are provided as an optional embedded channel resource, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0086]
Figure 12A is a schematic diagram of an embedded hardware security module (HSM) operable as a trusted intelligent switch in the integrated multi-level network appliance of Figure 10, in which embedded HSM security resources are provided as an optional embedded channel resource, and in which additional channel resources are also optionally provided, in accordance with another embodiment;
[0087]
Figure 12B is a schematic diagram of an embedded hardware security module (HSM) operable as a trusted intelligent switch, in accordance with yet another embodiment;
[0088]
Figure 12C is a schematic diagram of an embedded hardware security module (HSM) operable as a trusted intelligent switch, in accordance with yet another embodiment;
[0089] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the embedded HSM of Figure 12A
once integrated within the appliance of Figure 10 thereby acting both as an intelligent switch and as a multi-level HSM that interfaces via respective hardware connections with a series of associated appliance processing engines, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0090]
Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a network security zoning architecture for a secure application invoking various network security zones, in accordance with one embodiment;

[0091]
Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a network security zoning architecture, such as that illustrated in the embodiment of Figure 14, deployed within the context of the integrated appliance illustrated in Figure 13;
[0092]
Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a combined Entropy as a Service (EaaS) and Time Service system, as implemented within a single security processing appliance and in accordance with one embodiment, for providing accurate time-stamps and entropy data to client systems;
[0093]
Figure 17 is a schematic diagram of a Smart Data Diode, as implemented within a single security processing appliance and in accordance with another exemplary embodiment, for efficiently and securely isolating network traffic originating from outside a trusted network (the egress) from network traffic originating from inside the trusted network (the ingress);
[0094]
Figures 18 to 20 are schematic diagrams of exemplary embodiments of a Trusted Data Guard system executable within the context of a single security processing appliance, for separating an Egress traffic flow from an Ingress traffic flow, and for each implementing a series of inline validation and sanitizing functions;
[0095]
Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of a dual-layer Virtual Private Network (VPN) system executable within the context of a single security processing appliance, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0096] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of a trusted auditing system executable within the context of a single security processing appliance, in accordance with one embodiment;
[0097]
Figure 23 is a schematic representation of a Cross-Domain Solution (CDS) enforcement point based on one or more security processing appliances (SPAs) configured in a CDS mode of operation (SPA-CDS), in accordance with one embodiment;
[0098] Figure 24 is a schematic representation of three separate network interfaces of an illustrative SPA-CDS, in accordance with one embodiment; and [0099]
Figures 25A to 25C are schematic representations of a Universal Cyber Security Platform (UCSP) or SPA configured as an exemplary implementation of the SPA-CDS of Figures 23 and 24, in accordance with one embodiment.
[00100] Elements in the several figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, the dimensions of some of the elements in the figures may be emphasized relative to other elements for facilitating understanding of the various presently disclosed embodiments. Also, common, but well-understood elements that are useful or necessary in commercially feasible embodiments are often not depicted in order to facilitate a less obstructed view of these various embodiments of the 1() present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00101] Various implementations and aspects of the specification will be described with reference to details discussed below. The following description and drawings are illustrative of the specification and are not to be construed as limiting the specification.
Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of various implementations of the present specification. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to provide a concise discussion of implementations of the present specification.
[00102] Various apparatuses and processes will be described below to provide examples of implementations of the system disclosed herein. No implementation described below limits any claimed implementation and any claimed implementations may cover processes or apparatuses that differ from those described below. The claimed implementations are not limited to apparatuses or processes having all of the features of any one apparatus or process described below or to features common to multiple or all of the apparatuses or processes described below. It is possible that an apparatus or process described below is not an implementation of any claimed subject matter.
[00103] Furthermore, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the implementations described herein. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the relevant arts that the implementations described herein may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the implementations described herein.
[00104] In this specification, elements may be described as "configured to"
perform one or more functions or "configured for" such functions. In general, an element that is configured to perform or configured for performing a function is enabled to perform the function, or is suitable for performing the function, or is adapted to perform the function, or is operable to perform the function, or is otherwise capable of performing the function.
[00105] It is understood that for the purpose of this specification, language of "at least one of X, Y, and Z" and "one or more of X, Y and Z" may be construed as X
only, Y only, Z only, or any combination of two or more items X, Y, and Z (e.g., XYZ, XY, YZ, ZZ, and the like). Similar logic may be applied for two or more items in any occurrence of "at least one ..." and "one or more..." language.
[00106] The systems, devices and methods described herein provide, in accordance with different embodiments, different secure network hardware solutions, for instance, such as a trusted hardware network interconnection device (matrix), that can be utilized, alone or in combination with an integrated HSM, to provide various trusted network interconnection resources, services and/or solutions.
[00107] As noted above, the systems and methods described herein also provide, in accordance with different embodiments, different examples in which a hardware security module (HSM) is operable to concurrently service multiple applications and/or functions while minimizing system security risks that may otherwise be introduced when interfacing with a traditional HSM via an intermediary HSM access appliance, application layer or HSM access software.
[00108] For instance, in some embodiments, the HSM comprises a plurality of hardware ports, each one configured or reconfigurable to receive input (e.g. public data, public key, etc.) thereon to execute a designated cryptographic process within the HSM in servicing a particular computational process, application or function. In general, received input data will be port-specific in that only input cryptographic data specific to the port on which it is received can be successfully processed. To do so, each hardware port will generally have defined in association therewith a corresponding hardware link or channel (e.g. static and/or reconfigurable hardware link, channel and/or switch) to a segregated hardware storage media that stores secured port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable for processing as a function of received input data specific to that hardware port.
For example, distinct embedded storage resources may be provided with respective hardware data links to their corresponding port, as can distinct storage partitions and/or zones be defined within a same embedded memory storage resource and accessed via dedicated hardware logic or the like. Namely, distinct embedded storage spaces or resources may encompass a physically segregated, separated and/or defined hardware storage space on one or more hardware storage devices (i.e. memory board, chip, component, etc.) that is physically paired, allocated and/or associated with a given port-specific cryptographic process. Each storage space may be designated or adapted to store one or more cryptographic keys and/or like cryptographic data usable in invoking and/or executing a given port-specific process. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a dedicated memory space may define a secure key space for a given cryptographic process and/or encompass storage capacity for other types of cryptographic and/or other related data. An integrated cryptographic engine, executed by an embedded or hardware linked processor, can then be invoked to internally process the retrieved secured cryptographic data, for instance in conjunction with the input data, to produce an intended computation result.
[00109] Accordingly, the entire process can be relegated to the hardware space without invoking a software or application layer and thus, without opening the HSM to tampering opportunities that may otherwise present themselves in conventional HSMs, such as traditional network-attached HSMs. Conversely, the HSM embodiments described herein allow for a full, and in some embodiments a single-chip (i.e. static or reconfigurable (e.g.
FPGA)) hardware solution that can be used to concurrently service multiple applications and/or processes from within a same tamper-resistant environment. Accordingly, the solutions provided herein may allow for a significant increase in security protocol ratings while also significantly reducing, in some embodiments, the hardware footprint required to implement complex network security architectures that, in most cases, would require the co-location of multiple distinctly executed HSMs internetworked with various external devices in a complex cabled architecture. Further illustrative details, examples, advantages and features will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments.
.. [00110] With reference to Figure 1, and in accordance with one exemplary embodiment, a hardware security module (HSM), generally referred to using the numeral 100, will now be described. In the illustrated embodiment, the HSM 100 generally comprises a plurality of hardware ports 102 each operatively linked through hardware, e.g. direct hardware link or channel logic 108, to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key 1() space 104 (e.g. distinct embedded memory storage device, hardware memory storage partition and/or zone). Each storage resource 104 can be configured to store secured port-specific cryptographic data (e.g. private encryption/decryption key 112) that is only retrievable upon input of corresponding input cryptographic data from a corresponding port. In other ports, secured data may be further secured by virtue of hardware port specificity, whereby input data received on an incorrect hardware port will fail to access corresponding secured data linked to this incorrect port, and also fail to access secured data linked with any other port.
[00111] Upon successful input of external data via an appropriate hardware port 102, corresponding secured data (e.g. key 112) can be internally retrieved and processed by an integrated engine (i.e. cryptographic engine 110) to deliver a desired outcome.
[00112] To further enhance anti-tampering measures, in some embodiments, the HSM
100 may be enclosed within a tamper-proof or resistant box, container or shell 106.
[00113] As noted above, the provision of hardware-linked HSM ports and segregated storage resources enhances overall system integrity and resilience to external tampering, while also providing the added benefit of HSM multiplicity within a common tamper-resistant shell. In fact, certain embodiments may efficiently multiply HSM
resource allocations within a single chip implementation, e.g. with embedded memory(ies), processor(s) and hardware logic, while leveraging both the added security of distinctly segregated hardware-linked storage resource interfaces and the option to share internal hardware resources, such as a common integrated cryptographic engine 110 that may be invoked to concurrently or at least sequentially process secured data from multiple isolated key spaces 104. As will be described in further detail below, this integrated hardware implementation may further benefit the deployment of integrated secure system architectures, such as multi-level security system architectures and the like, all within the confines of a single hardware casing or shell, if not integrated onto a singular circuit board in some embodiments.
[00114] With reference to Figure 2, and in accordance with another embodiment, a HSM
200, much as described above with reference to Figure 1, will now be described. In this 1() embodiment, the HSM 200 again generally comprises a plurality of hardware ports 202 each operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 204, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data 212 can be stored and securely retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated engine 210.
[00115] In this embodiment, however, at least some of the hardware ports 202 can be linked through hardware to interface with distinct storage resources 204 and/or ports 202, and/or processes/data associated therewith, thereby defining a trusted communication (e.g.
hardwired port interconnection) matrix 214 that can be leveraged in more complex system implementations to benefit from the secured co-location of distinct resources on a same hardware implementation (e.g. same hardware chip) without exposing the HSM 200 to external or software-related tampering risks. In other words, port-specificity can be maintained to govern access to secured data in executing selected cryptographic processes, as described above with reference to Figure 1, but further enhanced by leveraging predefined hardware interconnections (i.e. data channels) between port-specific resources and/or data allocations. The trusted communication matrix 214 can be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays. Accordingly, certain port-specific processes invoked by input data received via a particular port interface may be configured to depend from upstream cryptographic processes executed in respect of cryptographic data received on another hardware port and used to retrieve distinctly stored and maintained private data.

Naturally, certain cryptographic processes may equally feed downstream processes executed in respect of a distinct port-specific data resource. Given the hardware implementation of the matrix 214, system security logic and complex data channeling can be hardwired into the HSM 200 and thus minimize external exposure to tampering. Given the above, it will be appreciated that while some ports 202 may be associated with corresponding storage resources 204 in a one-to-one fashion, other port interconnection scenarios may be invoked to logically associate a same port with distinct storage resources, as can distinct storage resources may be logically associated with a same hardware port.
Likewise, additional hardware port interfaces may be defined to execute certain channel interconnection configurations without necessarily forming a direct link with any particular storage resource, for example.
[00116] As will be described in greater detail below, such variability and customizability may allow for the deployment and execution of different trusted hardware network interconnection solutions, such as for example, in linearly channeling port-specific data transactions between hardware ports in one or more one-to-one hardware port interconnection configurations (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted hardware-segregated port-specific processing paths), in consolidation/merging/

multiplexing distinct data channels inbound via distinct hardware ports in a many-to-one configuration (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted data/transaction convergence processing paths), and/or in distributing and/or demultiplexing a single network source across multiple port-specific resources, services and/or data communication paths in parallel in a one-to-many configuration (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted data/transaction distribution/dissemination across multiple data channels from a trusted/reliable source).
[00117] In accordance with different illustrative embodiments, different non-limiting examples of single-chip hardware solutions may be considered. In some embodiments, a Xilinx's System on Chip (SoC) or Multi-Purpose SoC (1\SPSoC) product may be used, such as Zynq and Zynq UltraScale+TM respectively. The Zynq product line is known to contain 2 ARM processors, memory components and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) while the Zynq UltraScale+TM has 6 ARM processors, memory components and FPGA. In a first exemplary embodiment, the Zynq device may be used wherein one of the two ARM processors implements the cryptographic engine (CE) 201, a second ARM
processor handles all memory accesses and the FPGA implements the trusted communication matrix 214 between external communication ports and internal memory and cryptographic engine capability. In a second exemplary embodiment, the Zynq UltraScale+TM is used wherein 5 of the 6 ARM processors are used as independent CEs while the sixth processor is used for handling all memory accesses and the FPGA
implements the trusted communication matrix 214 between the external communication ports, internal memory and cryptographic engine capability. In a third exemplary embodiment, the Zynq UltraScale+TM is used where all of the 6 ARM processors are utilized as independent CEs managing their own memory space and the FPGA
implements the trusted communication matrix 214 between the external communication ports, internal memory and cryptographic engine capability. Other known and future technologies, hardware configurations and products may also be considered, as will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan, without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure.
[00118] With reference to Figure 3A, and in accordance with yet another embodiment, a HSM 300, much as described above with reference to Figures 1 and 2, will now be described. In this embodiment, the HSM 300 again generally comprises a plurality of hardware ports 302 each operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 304, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data 312 can be stored and securely retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated engine 310.
[00119] As with the embodiment of Figure 2, at least some of the hardware ports 302 can be linked through hardware to interface with distinct storage resources 304 and/or ports 302, and/or processes/data associated therewith, thereby again defining a trusted communication matrix 314. The 314 can again be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays.

[00120] In this embodiment, however, the matrix 314 may further invoke certain embedded channel resources 316 so to further enhance interconnection logic between ports and port-related processes, and thus allow for embedded security logic integration within the HSM' s integrated hardware architecture. These channel resources 316 may be integrated and invoked in a one-to-one fashion, for instance, with integrated port specificity in fully maximizing secure process isolation, or again provided as a shared resource (one-to-many and/or many-to-one) that may be invoked and implemented for different port-specific processes albeit without exposing any such processes to undue external tampering risks.
[00121] In the illustrated embodiment, different channel resources are schematically illustrated to include any one or more of a data channel diode 318 (i.e. to restrict data flows on a defined channel to a designated direction), data channel filter 320 (i.e.
to filter channel data, for example, to limit throughput data to a particular subset of retrieved data, or again to systematically reconfigure or replace designated data elements on a given channel data path), a channel comparator 322 (i.e. to invoke channel logic between channels based on a comparison of data being channeled thereon, for example, allowing process throughput only upon matching channel data), an inline encryption function 324 (e.g. to execute inline IPSEC or TLS protocol, for example, and/or to implement an inline VPN or like communication tunnel), or sniffer function (325).
[00122] For example, in some embodiments, an inline encryption function may be invoked to facilitate certain encrypted exchange with an end client or application that do not necessarily require access to the cryptographic engine and related higher security protocols. For instance, while critical private key management processes (e.g.
control plane processes such as user/client authentication/authorization, authenticated session initiation and configuration, private key generation and management, system management functions, etc.) may be strictly relegated to the cryptographic engine and defined secure key spaces, less critical processes (e.g. communication plane processes, such as authenticated data access transactions, updates, edits, etc.,) for instance executed on the basis of a symmetric and/or ephemeral (e.g. session) key used to expedite processing and communications, may be implemented via the inline channel encryption resource 324. In so doing, the HSM 300 may integrally combine enhanced control plane cryptographic services, as described above, with inline cryptographic services, all within a same hardware design and configuration.
This may, for example, readily allow for a singular hardware design, as described herein, to replace an otherwise common network (e.g. banking) architecture in which control plane functions and processes are traditionally relegated to a distinct network interfacing HSM, while session-based cryptographic functions are subsequently channeled through downstream network servers. The integrated configuration discussed herein may further, or alternatively, allow for the integrated execution of a virtual private network (VPN) or even nested VPNs to achieve a layered architecture within a single hardware design rather 1() than to invoke a distributed network architecture in which security protocols are otherwise run on a higher network (e.g. TCP/IP) layer, and thus, more vulnerable to physical or external tampering.
[00123] As noted above, a sniffer or like function may also, or alternatively be deployed as an integrated and/or customizable channel resource, for instance, to provide a silent non-bypassable logging or network/channel tapping function to gain visibility on network channel communications. For instance, such channel resources may be non-obstructively used to monitor channel communications and raise a flag or alert upon identifying suspicious or anomalous channel activity, if not shutting down outright communications on this channel until remedial action can be taken.
[00124] As noted above, a trusted comparator or like function may be included to merge or otherwise compare data streams on respective hardware channels to increase a security and/or reliability thereof. Likewise, and as also noted above, a demultiplexing or multi-port distribution function (e.g. trusted function expander) may be implemented to securely distribute a same data stream or transaction across multiple hardware port-specific channels. For example, different applications may require for identical data to be distributed in parallel between data channels while ensuring an accuracy and reliability of the data source. Accordingly, by having such data originate or result from a secure process internal to the hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM, as described herein, secure replication and parallel distribution of such data across multiple embedded hardware data channels can be reliably executed.

[00125] With reference to Figure 7, and in accordance with one embodiment, an exemplary multi-port distribution function, generally referred to using the numeral 700 will now be described. In this exemplary embodiment, an incoming event/data transaction/process 705 is received via an embedded hardware port-specific data channel of hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 707. Event 705 is split into a multiplicity of identical events 707, each comprising the exact same data content as the original event 705; wherein each event is processed by its own critical logic function 707.
Each critical logic function leverages the embedded hardware to realize a synchronization process 711, wherein the multiplicity of events/processes are all synchronized upon exiting hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 707 on their own embedded port-specific hardware data channels 715.
[00126] Examples of multi-channel data distribution applications may include, but are not limited to, the secure distribution of a synchronized network time stamp or clock (for example, in the management or maintenance of highly synchronized network resources), which trusted time can originate from a single trusted resident high precision timing device (e.g. see timing device 444 of Figure 4) based on resident and/or accessible high precision atomic clock cycles and/or applicable GPS time data, for example. Using the secure centralized hardware architecture of a particular network interconnection matrix as described herein, identical time stamps or like data packets/details (e.g.
headers, payload, flags, tags, etc.) may be securely, accurately and reliably distributed across multiple hardware (port-specific) data channels, in parallel at the same time (e.g.
reliable, monitored distribution time) and while minimizing possible data tampering/alterations between ports.
[00127] Following from the above-noted time distribution example, another application that may extend therefrom includes the provision of reliable distributed time smearing between multiple hardware-port specific resources, such as for example, across a large network of interconnected network resources each ultimately relying on a central reliable time source, such as that illustratively provided by the resident high precision timing device of the herein-described embodiments. In this particular example, UTC leap seconds can be progressively smeared over a designated time period prior to and/or after (e.g. 6, 12 or 24 hours before/after) a particular UTC leap second is to take effect, thereby effectively smearing the temporal impact of the leap second over such time period to avoid an instantaneous jump or gap, provided such smearing is equally applied to all related network devices. Using an embodiment of the secure network device/appliance described herein, effective time smearing can be securely, reliably and identically applied to a number of interconnected network resources provided such resources are configured to uniformly rely on the central time smearing functionality of the appliance. To do so, the hardware implemented multi-channel data distribution technique described above can be used to reliably source the internal clock cycles and/or UTC time credentials of the appliance to define accurate time and/or time smearing references (e.g. by temporarily reducing/increasing atomic clock cycle counts to accommodate for one or more leap seconds to be applied at a designated time) and uniformly distribute such time references in parallel across multiple hardware-port specific resources while minimizing tampering and/or mis-synchronization risks. Likewise, for example within the context of a multi-level network or appliance interfacing with distinct security zones/levels, synchronized time and/or smearing may be reliably and securely distributed across multiple zones simultaneously. In yet another example, the interconnection matrix may also or alternatively include one or more channel traffic metering and/or gating functions. For example, similar to the sniffer function described above, one or more hardware channels may include or be embedded with an inline resource to monitor and/or control a flow of data and/or transactions on this channel. For example, an active gating function may enforce a particular data/transaction gating schedule whereby certain data transactions invoking this hardware channel can only be executed at select times and/or intervals (e.g.
once every minute, every few seconds, every hour, every day, etc.). This may be applied, for example, given a particular service model that only authorizes a certain throughput of transactions given a particular payment model, or again for a certain service level. In other examples, scheduled gating functions may rather or also be applied to enhance security protocols, whereby transaction and gating schedule synchronization is required to successfully execute a particular transaction or process (e.g. data access or user authentication only permitted at designated times or intervals), and whereby unsynchronized access results in a block service/resource and/or flag to a system administrator.

[00128] Gating may also or alternatively include start/stop, duration, frequency, volume and/or duration metering thresholds, whereby accessed services are limited based on security thresholds (e.g. a sudden surge in activity raising security concerns), service model (e.g. payment model based on a number of transactions per unit time) and/or security access windows, to name a few examples.
[00129] With reference to Figures 8A, and in accordance with one embodiment, a trusted metering function, to be implemented within the hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM described above, and generally referred to using the numeral 800, will now be described. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 8A, a number of discrete .. incoming digital events, data, processes and/or service requests per unit time 806 may be tracked and/or monitored in a trusted fashion. As shown in Figure 8A, the flow of discrete data/events 806 entering and exiting hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 809 via embedded hardware data channels is channeled through a trusted flow meter function 811, which is operable to measure said flow (number per unit time) of incoming events travelling through hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 809. The measurement is sent to a secure counter function 815, which is operable to produce and record cryptographically authenticated status messages 817. Secure counter 815 cannot be tampered with and the resulting count status messages 817 are strongly authenticated by the counting function. In this embodiment, the flow of data/events/requests is not perturbed but only monitored. In contrast, Figure 8B shows an exemplary embodiment of a flow control function provided for data flow control. In this exemplary embodiment, a given number of events and/or amount of data flow and/or processed events in a given unit of time may be controlled and/or enforced inside a trusted security boundary provided by hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 809. A control interface 819 is used to modify or manage this functionality via a set of cryptographically authenticated control messages 818 listing a set of conditions under which some of events/data 806 are allowed through the security boundary and exit via a secure data channel to produce an exit data/event flow 821.
[00130] Likewise, inline metering of one or more hardware data channels may allow for .. the provision of certain service models (e.g. fee per transaction and/or per quantum of transactions), and/or various management applications (e.g. monitor when/how certain cryptographic keys, port-specific resources are used, etc.) [00131] With reference to Figure 9, and in accordance with one embodiment, a trusted controllable event counter, generally referred to using the numeral 900, will now be described. In this exemplary embodiment, the secure counting feature described above may be leveraged to alter and trigger an output response. As shown in Figure 9, an incoming event/data/process 905 is received via an embedded hardware data channel into hardware interconnection device and/or integrated HSM 907. Event/data/process 905 is channeled therefrom to a trusted counting logic function 909, which is operable to measure/count the flow or number of events/data/process 905 being received. This number and/or flow of received event/data/processes 905 may be compared via a comparator function 917 via threshold register 921. Upon said threshold being reached, a Trigger signal 927 may be outputted via a port specific hardware channel. The threshold register 921 may be modified via control interface 923, which is authenticated and verified via a set of cryptographically authenticated control messages 925.
[00132] The above described trusted controllable event counter may be used to trigger a one pulse-per-second (1PPS) output signal 927 by counting a stable clock frequency as the input signal 905 and allowing to modify the duration of the 1 PPS period by modifying the threshold register 921. An application that may extend therefrom, combined with the above-described multi-port distribution function, includes the provision of reliable distributed time smearing between multiple hardware-port specific resources, such as for example, across a large network of interconnected network resources each ultimately relying on a central reliable time source, such as that illustratively provided by the resident high precision timing device of the herein-described embodiments. In this particular example, UTC leap seconds can be progressively smeared over a designated time period prior to and/or after (e.g. 6, 12 or 24 hours before/after) a particular UTC
leap second is to take effect, thereby effectively smearing the temporal impact of the leap second over such time period to avoid an instantaneous jump or gap, provided such smearing is equally applied to all related network devices. Using an embodiment of the secure network device/appliance described herein, effective time smearing can be securely, reliably and identically applied to a number of interconnected network resources provided such resources are configured to uniformly rely on the central time smearing functionality of the appliance. To do so, the hardware implemented multi-channel data distribution technique described above can be used to reliably source the internal clock cycles and/or UTC time credentials of the appliance to define accurate time and/or time smearing references (e.g.
by temporarily reducing/increasing atomic clock cycle counts to accommodate for one or more leap seconds to be applied at a designated time) and uniformly distribute such time references in parallel across multiple hardware-port specific resources while minimizing tampering and/or mis-synchronization risks. Likewise, for example within the context of a multi-level network or appliance interfacing with distinct security zones/levels, synchronized time and/or smearing may be reliably and securely distributed across multiple zones simultaneously.
[00133] It will be appreciated that some or all, or again different channel resources may be integrated to provide different interconnection logic and functions between port-specific processes and thus enhance available internal process complexity and flexibility in providing a whole integrated solution, in some embodiments, embedded within a singular HSM chip implementation.
[00134] In this particular embodiment, the HSM 300 is further provided with optional external sensor monitors 326, for example, which may take the form of various sensors and/or monitors used to detect and report on system breaches or tampering. For example, sensors may include, but are not limited to, integrated sound sensors that may detect shell impacts or breaks; inclinometers or 3D accelerometers to detect displacement or physical reorientation of the shell; smoke, heat and/or water sensors to detect environmental issues and/or tampering (e.g. multiple temperature sensors can be used to detect tampering via differential internal temperature metering); proximity or motion sensors to detect presence of unauthorized personnel; location or geofencing sensors to detect unauthorized transport of the HSM beyond a designed security zone; and other such sensors as may be appreciated by the skilled artisan.

[00135] The HSM 300 may further include an administrator port 338, such as a local USB port or dedicated network port interface to allow for secured administrative access to the HSM 300 and allow for system maintenance and reconfiguration as may be required or desired from time to time. For example, where the HSM 300 is implemented as a reconfigurable chip (e.g. FPGA), certain hardware resources and/or logic may be re-allocated or reconfigured to address system or security protocol changes or improvements.
For example, the trusted communication matrix may be adjusted to reflect new port allocations or leverage new or existing channel resources to further enhance security protocols, introduce new security levels or system integrations, or again refine existing protocols with improved processes and functions.
[00136] In addition, HSM 300 may allow for software, firmware and/or FPGA
updates through a secured validation process. This validation process may, in some embodiments, only accept validated inputs by means of administrative port 338 and/or hardware ports 302 through a "chain of trust" process via digital signatures using quantum safe algorithms, such as hash-based signature algorithms.
[00137] As illustratively described above with reference to Figures 1 to 3A, in some embodiments, the HSM (100, 200, 300) may be configured to share a common cryptographic engine (110, 210, 310), that is an embedded resources executing one or more cryptographic processed predefined in firmware and secured within the confines of the HSM' s hardware architecture. Accordingly, respective secured cryptographic data (e.g.
private key data) can be respectively accessed and used by the common cryptographic engine from respective port-specific storage spaces (104, 204, 304) to render secure HSM
functions to respective port-specific masters (e.g. users, clients, applications, etc.) [00138] With reference to Figure 3B, an alternative HSM configuration 300' is rather designed to define a respective cryptographic engine 310' for each of the secured key spaces 304'. By replicating cryptographic resources, further hardware isolation (e.g.
distinct firmware resources and/or firmware executed on distinct embedded processor cores) can be achieved in thus further enhancing the HSM' s tamper resistance.

32 [00139] In yet another embodiment illustrated in Figure 3C, an alternative HSM

configuration 300" again replicates cryptographic resources 310" for each of the defined key spaces 304", but in this case, embeds these resources within the hardware design so to be invoked before access is granted to the respective port-specific key spaces. This may be particular useful in a context where, for example, storage resources used to define the respective key spaces are provided external to an otherwise embedded HSM chip.
In other words, HSM resources may leverage an external storage resource such as a co-located or integrated flash drive or hard drive to store private key or other secured cryptographic data for exclusive access via embedded port-specific cryptographic engines. The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other configurations may also be considered without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure.
[00140] Using different aspects of the above-described embodiments, complex system architectures may be deployed on a single chip, as noted above, or again on a same integrated board design, i.e. where an embedded multi-port HSM can be integrated with other system hardware on a same or interconnected circuit boards to deliver a complex (e.g.
multi-purpose, multi-level, multi-tiered, multi-user, etc.) cryptographic service and system as a whole, all in some embodiments, within a same tamper-resistant shell.
[00141] With reference to Figure 4, and in accordance with one embodiment, an integrated security processing system 400 will now be described, in which a single-chip HSM 401, much as described above with reference to Figure 3, is illustratively integrated to act as a multi-function HSM within the integrated system architecture of system 400. In this particular embodiment, the HSM 401 illustratively comprises a plurality of hardware ports 402 each operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 404, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data 412 can be stored and securely retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated engine 410. Again, hardware ports 402 can be linked through hardware to interface with distinct storage resources 404 and/or ports 402, and/or processes/data associated therewith, to define a port trusted communication matrix 414.
The port trusted communication matrix 414 can again be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware

33 logic or relays. Embedded channel resources 416 are also optionally provided to further enhance interconnection logic between ports and port-related processes.
[00142] Integrated with the HSM 401 are provided distinct processing resources that may be configured to execute various system processes that rely, at least in part, on the cryptographic outputs of the HSM 401, and/or contribute inputs to the HSM
401 to be processed in respect of one or more downstream processes. Generally, these processing resources 440 will include one or more processing engines and storage media encoding various machine executable tasks and instructions to be processed thereby, for example, via one or more accessible processors or the like. Accordingly, a secure data path may be internally routed from one processing engine 440 to the other via the integrated HSM 401, in some embodiments, either internally hardwired via internal cabling or direct circuit board interconnections, so to effectively execute multi-level or multi-function data security system integration within a wholly integrated system implementation.
[00143] Furthermore, given the integrated infrastructure of system 400, additional elements may be collocated or integrated with the above-described components to further enhance or extend processing resources and functionality. For example, a central storage device 442 may be included to provide additional secure/internal storage usable in the various processes invoked and implemented by the system 400.
[00144] Internal or external system sensors 426 may also be deployed, much as described above with reference to integrated sensor monitors 326 of Figure 3, so to effectively monitor for, and detect, any one or more of external/internal shell tampering;
unusual/unexpected system displacements, movements, or vibrations;
environmental disbursements such as water, fire, heat or smoke; uncharacteristically high system usages and/or unusual usage patterns; etc.
[00145] The system 400 may further include and benefit from a resident high precision timing device 444, for instance, in supporting processes where high precision timing may be critical.

34 [00146] Using the above-noted approach, systems that would otherwise require a stack of interconnected devices using a set of networking cables and software-defined network port allocations (and generally at best satisfying commercial software or hybrid security standards such as FIPS 140-2), can now be implemented within a single integrated hardware architecture, that is within a single tamper-resistant shell and optionally, within a single integrated circuit board architecture, reaching security medium assurance (Communication Security Establishment ¨ CSE Canada) security standards or CSfC

(Commercial Solutions for Classified ¨ U.S. National Security Agency) standards, and beyond.
[00147] With reference to Figure 5, a network security zoning architecture is shown (i.e.
for an ITSG-38 Compliant Application ¨see Information Technology Security Guidelines http s ://www. cse-cst.gc. ca/en/publication/itsg-38) in which a network path is progressively routed through various security zones. For example, a user can establish a communication link within a public zone (PZ, i.e. Internet) with a relaying party, which then seeks to establish a link to a public access zone (PAZ) that is deployed behind an external firewall (FWExT) and serviced by a first network attached HSM and proxy server to establish Transport Layer Security (TLS) Secure Tunneling with the relaying party. A
connection is then extended to a restricted zone (RZ) that is itself deployed behind a middle firewall (FWmm) and serviced by its own network attached HSM to link into an App Server to initiate a Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) Request validation and TLS Setup with a downstream database server (DB) deployed within a highly restricted zone (HRZ).
The DB server deployed within the HRZ is once again deployed behind its own internal firewall (FWINT) and serviced by its own network attached HSM to provide TLS
termination and SAML Signature. Generally, using conventional network security zoning equipment, each firewall, HSM, the proxy server, the App server and the database server will constitute a distinct device stacked within a hardware stack and interconnected via a set of network cables, at best reaching a FIPS 140-2 security standard rating (i.e. as defined by Federal Information Processing Standards from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for commercial cryptographic modules.

[00148] As illustrated in Figure 6, in accordance with one embodiment, the network security zoning architecture described above with reference to Figure 5 can, in some embodiments, be readily deployed using the integrated system hardware assembly generically described above with reference to figure 4. For instance, each integrated processing engine 440 may be configured to implement a different system firewall or server such that a low security network link 450 can be channeled into the integrated device 400 via a first external firewall 452 before invoking the integrated HSM 401 via a first hardware port thereof to invoke a first level security process therewith. Once successfully authenticated by the HSM 401, transaction data can be exchanged with a first processing engine 454 (e.g. proxy server of Figure 5), which can feed back into the HSM
401 via distinct hardware ports to traverse a second firewall 456 and ultimately invoke a second level security process in order to access a second processing engine 458 (e.g.
App Server of Figure 5). The HSM 401 is again leveraged to invoke a third level security process in order to access a third process engine 460 (e.g. database server of Figure 5).
Conversely, a trusted high security link 462 can provide a more direct access to a high security zone via distinct HSM hardware ports.
[00149] As demonstrated above, the integrated security processing system (appliance) 400 of Figures 4 and 6, can effectively improve security protocol ratings for a given system architecture while drastically reducing a required hardware rack footprint and associated host maintenance and security requirements. Namely, by integrating a significant portion if not the entire security processing system within a same tamper-resistant shell, optionally with associated tamper-monitoring sensors and/or devices, and further optionally within a same circuit board architecture, significant improvements in whole system security, reliance and maintenance can be realized. For example, noted improvements, features and/or advantages may include, but are not limited to, enhanced application security, out-of-the-box managed security service provider support, multi-tenant ready, higher than FIPS
assurance, true hardware-based process isolation, trusted boot applications, secured field updates, quantum resistant cryptography, physical and operation security, to name a few.
[00150] Furthermore, while the above provides one exemplary implementation of an integrated security processing appliance, various integrated system applications can be designed to leverage the features, functions and advantages of the above-described embodiments. For instance, an integrated device may be configured to provide a security processing appliance that delivers functionality such as, but not limited to, entropy as a service functionality, smart data diode functionality, trusted data guard functionality, protocol adapters, redundant sanitizing functions, trusted comparators, filter validation functions, dual layer VPNs, or the like.
[00151] With references to Figures 10 to 25C, and in accordance with some embodiments, systems and methods in which a multi-level network security management device can be utilized to securely control the passage of data/transactions from one network (security) zone, domain or level, to another while minimizing tampering opportunities and/or fraudulent use will now be described. For example, embodiments as described herein may be configured to securely relay data or transactions, in a common hardware infrastructure, from one network security zone to another, for instance, by securely channeling data access and/or traffic in hardware between distinct zone-specific hardware ports respectively interfacing with these zones. For example, in one embodiment, the network management hardware platform may comprise a trusted (intelligent) switch or connection matrix, generally implemented in hardware and having a set of designated or reconfigurable hardware ports/relays to interface with a corresponding set of distinct port-specific and/or zone-specific processing engines, processes and/or resources.
In some of the embodiments described below, each or at least some of the network zones, processes and/or resources are integrally defined within a common hardware appliance or platform, though other embodiments may rather encompass all or some externally addressable zones, processes and/or resources while maintaining internal hardware port specificity and integrity. In operation, the port-specific interconnection of the various internal and/or external resources with the centralized trusted switch, can define, in combination, a multi-level network architecture having secured data traffic or access management capabilities between such zones.
[00152] For example, in one such embodiment, a multi-zone architecture may comprise three distinct network zones having incremental data security ratings (e.g.
unclassified, confidential, secret, etc.). Each zone will interface with a trusted set of zone-specific resources, each interconnected in hardware to securely execute intra and inter-zone security and/or management processes via dedicated hardware interconnections that are specific to these zones, i.e. data traffic between zones is exclusively channeled through these hardware-integrated data communication paths. Likewise, security protocols to be applied between zones are integrally implemented by security resources integral or integrally coupled (e.g. hardwired) to these paths via designated circuitry, relays, integrated and/or inline processing resources, or the like.
[00153] To illustrate one exemplary implementation, an event that occurs in a first security zone (e.g. zone A) may trigger a data transaction with a higher level, e.g. zone B.
1() To execute this transaction, zone A must first interface with the trusted switch via a first designated hardware port thereof and zone-specific security resources applied thereto. As illustrated in some of the examples below, such zone-specific security resources may include one or more integrated processing engines and/or related hardware resources which, in some respects, may define its own network security zone (e.g. zone X) having its own zone-specific hardware ports (e.g. a network security enforcement and/or auditing zone or resources specifically defined in hardware to supervise transactions between zones A and B). Upon successful carriage of the zone-specific security protocol on the transaction data received via the zone A port, the data transaction may successfully carry through to zone B via distinct zone-specific hardware ports. Accordingly, zone X may act as a secure auditing or security enforcement resource between zones A and B, whereby data transactions to be implemented between these zones are necessarily transacted via zone X
and the corresponding zone-specific hardware ports associated therewith of the secure switch. In doing so, while either or both network zones A and B may be external to the traffic security management device, by exclusively channeling transactions between these zones through a centralized hardware switch and having hardware port-specific security management resources integrated therewith, network and traffic security breaches can be minimized.
[00154] Following from the above example, the intelligent switch and port-specific channel resources and/or zones may be extended to further network zone levels, for example, where a resulting transaction event in zone B invokes or forwards a transaction with a further zone C, for instance, which may involve distinct security measures that can be carried out by inline channel resources and/or a specifically addressable network security enforcement or auditing zone Y. As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, in some embodiments, some of the inter-zone security auditing and/or enforcement resources may be distinctly defined to interface exclusively with their dedicated zone(s), and/or be shared between auditing/enforcement levels through corresponding hardware links and/or relays depending on the level of security required.
[00155] In some embodiments, inter-zone security enforcement resources may channel inbound data through a data diode (i.e. one-way data flow) hardwired to the inbound level-specific hardware port. One or more security measures can then be applied to the inbound data for validation, such as authentication, filtering, logging, tapping, setting, etc., which is only released to the next level via a distinct level-specific hardware port upon successfully satisfying the applied security measures.
[00156] In one embodiment, the inter-zone security enforcement resources may outright block the data transaction until security measures have been successfully applied. For example, an inbound transaction may be processed by the enforcement resources and, if successful (e.g. validated, authenticated, etc.), safely relayed (e.g.
encrypted) to the next level to be processed thereby.
[00157] In other embodiments, the data transaction may rather proceed to the next level in an encrypted fashion, for example, whereby applied security measures are used to validate the transaction and then, and only then, release a decryption key or like measure to enable the next level to process the relayed transaction.
[00158] In the following examples, systems and methods are described, in accordance with different embodiments, in which a multi-level network architecture, or at least a part thereof, can be collapsed into a single integrated appliance thereby significantly reducing a physical footprint of a given architecture while also mitigating certain security risks and management challenges common to such network architectures, and that, without invoking, at least in part, common network virtualization solutions that inherently introduce their own security risks and disadvantages, as will be readily appreciated by the skilled artisan.

As will be detailed further below, while some examples illustrated herein contemplate the provision of a wholly integrated multi-level solution, such as in the provision of a fully integrated solution that can internally invoke and execute processes implemented in distinct security zones, other solutions as contemplated herein may also, or alternatively encompass a set of interconnected appliances, for example, where each appliance may nonetheless take advantage of available internal processing engine multiplicity, cryptographic resources and/or associated hardware data path customizability, to implement tiered or scaled inter or intra-level processes in the ultimate deployment of a larger scale network infrastructure. Accordingly, appliances or systems as described herein to enable the deployment of an internal multi-level architecture, should be understood to provide for the deployment of multiple distinct hardware segregated processing resources, interconnected by a deployable hardware interconnection matrix, to deliver, alone or in combination, different layered, sequential, parallel and/or nested network security services, resources and processes. Accordingly, each appliance may, in and of itself, deploy resources in distinct hardware-segregated network security zones or domains, as can they be combined to securely transact, alone or in combination, within and between such network security zones and/or domains.
[00159] In general, each integrated appliance will comprise a trusted intelligent switch or interconnection matrix as its hub that can effectively channel network resources and transactions between various network components to provide a desired outcome, all, in some embodiments, within the confines of a secured integrated hardware design and enclosure. Namely, in some embodiments, the operational components of the multi-level networking appliance can be characterized by a single circuit board design, or by an interconnected board design, operatively mounted within a singular tamper resistant shell, for example, that provides a limited number of external physical input/output interfaces, i.e. to limit potential exposure to intra-network interface tampering, reconfiguration and/or hacking. Accordingly, network component interconnections and data channel processing is relegated to the trusted intelligent switch, which, in some embodiments, can be deployed as an embedded chip interfacing with the various appliance components via defined chip hardware ports. Additional channel resources, such as data security resources, channel routing, auditing, encryption, processing and/or validation resources, or the like, may also be included in some embodiments, as will be further detailed below.
[00160] With reference to Figure 10, and in accordance with one embodiment, an integrated multi-level network appliance 1000 will now be described. The appliance generally comprises a trusted (intelligent) switch 1001, generally implemented in hardware and having a set of designated or reconfigurable hardware ports/relays 1002 to interface with a corresponding set of integrated processing engines 1040, which can be configured or dynamically reconfigured to implement various network system functions that, in combination, define a multi-level network architecture. Examples of integrated engines 1() 1040 may include, but are not limited to, web servers, applications servers, database servers, firewalls, email servers, specialized traffic filters, application compilers, network access portals, protocol adapters, channel filtering and/or auditing engines, appliance administration engines, or the like, implemented alone or in various combinations, to produce a desired outcome. Each processing engine 1040 may rely on its own isolated processor (i.e. processing core(s)) and/or memory storage device(s), or again rely on central or shared processing resources. For instance, the appliance 1000 may further comprise a central storage media 1042 that may be accessed via the trusted switch 1001 and optionally include one or more application or engine-specific storage resources, partitions and/or zones.
[00161] As noted above, integrated processing engines 1040 may also, or alternatively, encompass different intra or inter-zone auditing and/or security enforcement engines, for instance, invoked to ensure intra or inter-zone traffic and/or transactions adhere to internally defined and enforced security protocols. As will be described in further detail below, while such inter-zone auditing or management resources may encompass distinct integrated processing resources, such as that schematically illustrated by integrated processing engines 1040, these may also, or alternatively encompass or invoke centralized security processing resources, such as a multilevel hardware security module (HSM) and related resources, for example.

[00162] As described herein, the intelligent switch can define a trusted communication matrix 1014 that securely relays signals between the appliance's various components and network architecture levels in a trusted hardware implementation via its corresponding set of hardware ports/relays 1002 and embedded switch logic. In some embodiments, the switch 1001 thus effectively implements a trusted (intelligent) cross-bar or like switch that dictates multiport interconnections via distinctly defined communication channels, thus in some embodiments, defining a port interconnection or trusted communication matrix.
[00163] In some embodiments, the matrix 1014 may further invoke certain embedded channel resources 1016 so to further enhance interconnection logic between ports and port-related processes, and thus allow for embedded security logic integration within the switch's integrated hardware architecture. These channel resources 1016 may be integrated and invoked in a one-to-one fashion, for instance, with integrated port specificity in fully maximizing secure process isolation, or again provided as a shared resource that may be invoked and implemented for different port-specific processes albeit without exposing any such processes to undue external tampering risks.
[00164] In the illustrated embodiments described in greater detail below, different channel resources may include, but are not limited to, data security resources (e.g.
encryption/decryption, secured storage, or the like, later described within the context of an embedded hardware security module (HSM)), a data channel diode (i.e. to restrict data flows on a defined channel to a designated direction), a data channel filter (i.e. to filter channel data, for example, to limit throughput data to a particular subset of retrieved data, or again to systematically reconfigure or replace designated data elements on a given channel data path), a channel comparator (i.e. to invoke channel logic between channels based on a comparison of data being channeled thereon, for example, allowing process throughput only upon matching channel data), an inline encryption function (i.e. to execute inline IPSEC or TLS protocol, for example, and/or to implement an inline VPN
or like communication tunnel), or a sniffer function (i.e. silent non-bypassable logging), etc.
[00165] The variable and/or customizable nature of the interconnection matrix, in some embodiments, may also or alternatively allow for the deployment and execution of different trusted hardware network interconnection solutions, such as for example, in linearly channeling port-specific data transactions between hardware ports in one or more one-to-one hardware port interconnection configurations (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted hardware-segregated port-specific processing paths), in consolidation/merging/ multiplexing distinct data channels inbound via distinct hardware ports in a many-to-one configuration (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted data/transaction convergence processing paths), and/or in distributing and/or demultiplexing a single network source across multiple port-specific resources, services and/or data communication paths in parallel in a one-to-many configuration (e.g. to provide (cryptographically) secure/trusted data/transaction distribution/dissemination across multiple data channels from a trusted/reliable source).
[00166] It will be appreciated that some or all, or again different channel resources may be integrated to provide different interconnection logic and functions between port-specific processes and thus enhance available internal process complexity and flexibility in providing a whole integrated solution, in some embodiments, embedded within a singular intelligent switch chip implementation.
[00167] Internal or external system sensors 1026 may also be deployed, much as will be described in further detail with reference to integrated sensor monitors 1226 of Figure 12A, so to effectively monitor for, and detect, any one or more of external/internal shell tampering; unusual/unexpected system displacements, movements, or vibrations;
environmental disturbances such as water, fire, heat or smoke;
uncharacteristically high system usages and/or unusual usage patterns; etc. Data acquired via external system sensors 1026 may also partake in selected internal processes, for example in furnishing a random seed value for internal cryptographic or random number generation processes, for example.
The system 1000 may further include and benefit from a resident high precision timing device 1044, for instance, in supporting processes where high precision timing may be valuable or critical.
[00168] Using the above-noted approach, systems that would otherwise require a stack of interconnected devices using a set of networking cables and software-defined network port allocations (and generally at best satisfying commercial software or hybrid security standards such as FIPS 140-2), can now be implemented within a single integrated hardware architecture, that is within a single tamper-resistant or tamper-proof shell and optionally, within a single integrated circuit board architecture, reaching if not exceeding in some embodiments described for example further below with reference to Figures 13 to 21, NSA' s (U.S. National Security Agency) Commercial Solution for Classified (CSfC) and CSE' s (Canadian Communication Security Establishment) Medium Assurance security standards.
[00169] As noted above, in some embodiments, the integrated (intelligent) switch 1001 1() embeds a multi-zone or level hardware security module (HSM), i.e. a hardware and in some cases a single-chip HSM and intelligent switch implementation, operable to concurrently service one or more of the appliance's applications and/or functions, which would otherwise require access to an external HSM, thereby reducing overall system security and increasing tampering risks. Again, the multi-level HSM may equally apply to the provision of cryptographic services to hardware segregated resources in a same or distinct network security zone depending on the integral or distributive nature of the contemplated system at hand.
[00170] In some embodiments, the HSM invokes one or more of the switch's hardware ports, which can be configured or reconfigurable to receive input cryptographic data (e.g.
public data, public key, etc.) thereon to execute a designated cryptographic process within the HSM in servicing a particular computational process, application or function, i.e. a particular engine 1040 or transit between engines 1040. In general, received input data will be port-specific in that only input cryptographic data specific to the port on which it is received can be successfully processed. To do so, each hardware port will generally have defined in association therewith a corresponding hardware link or channel (e.g. static and/or reconfigurable hardware link, channel and/or switch) to a segregated hardware storage space or medium that stores secured port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable for processing as a function of received input data specific to that hardware port. For example, distinct embedded storage spaces or resources may be provided with respective hardware data links to their corresponding port, as can distinct storage partitions and/or zones be defined within a same embedded memory storage resource and accessed via dedicated hardware logic or the like. Namely, distinct embedded storage spaces or resources may encompass a physically segregated, separated and/or defined hardware storage space on one or more hardware storage devices (i.e.
memory board, chip, component, etc.) that is physically paired, allocated and/or associated with a given port-specific cryptographic and/or application process. For example, each storage space may be designated or adapted to store one or more cryptographic keys and/or like cryptographic data usable in invoking and/or executing a given port-specific process, as can other application/process-specific data be securely stored to implement functions for a 1() particular level of the multi-level appliance. Accordingly, in some embodiments, a dedicated memory space may define a secure key space for a given cryptographic process and/or encompass storage capacity for other types of cryptographic and/or other related data. An integrated cryptographic or related engine, executed by an embedded or hardware-linked processor, can then be invoked to internally process the retrieved secured cryptographic data, for instance in conjunction with the input data, to produce an intended computation result.
[00171] Accordingly, the entire process can be relegated to the hardware space without invoking a software or application layer and thus, without opening the HSM to tampering opportunities that may otherwise present themselves in conventional HSMs, such as traditional network-attached HSMs. Conversely, the HSM embodiments described herein allow for a full, and in some embodiments a single-chip (i.e. static or reconfigurable (e.g.
FPGA)) hardware solution that can be used to concurrently service multiple applications and/or processes from within a same tamper-resistant environment by virtue of the intelligent switch integration. Accordingly, the solutions provided herein may allow for a significant increase in security protocol ratings while also significantly reducing, in some embodiments, a hardware footprint required to implement complex network security architectures that, in most cases, would require the co-location of multiple distinctly executed HSMs internetworked with various external devices in a complex cabled architecture.

[00172] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the HSM may allow for software, firmware and/or FPGA updates through a secured validation process. This validation process may, in some embodiments, only accept validated inputs by means of one or more corresponding hardware port through a "chain of trust" process via digital signatures using quantum safe .. algorithms, such as hash-based signature algorithms.
[00173] In accordance with different illustrative embodiments, different non-limiting examples of single-chip hardware solutions may be considered. In some embodiments, a Xilinx' s System on Chip (SoC) or Multi-Processor SoC (1\,/iPSoC) product may be used, such as Zynq and Zynq UltraScale+TM respectively. The Zynq product line is known to contain 2 ARM processors, memory components and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) while the Zynq UltraScale+TM has 6 ARM processors, memory components and FPGA. In a first exemplary embodiment, the Zynq device may be used wherein one of the two ARM processors implements an integrated processing engine 140, a second ARM processor handles all memory accesses and the FPGA implements the trusted .. communication matrix 114 between external communication ports and internal memory and processing engine capability. In a second exemplary embodiment, the Zynq UltraScale+TM is used wherein 5 of the 6 ARM processors are used as independent processing engines while the sixth processor is used for handling all memory accesses and the FPGA implements the trusted communication matrix 114 between the external communication ports, internal memory and integrated engine capability. In a third exemplary embodiment, the Zynq UltraScale+TM is used where all of the 6 ARM
processors are utilized as independent integrated processing engines managing their own memory space and the FPGA implements the trusted communication matrix 1014 between the external communication ports, internal memory and cryptographic engine capability.
.. Other known and future technologies, hardware configurations and products may also be considered, as will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan, without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure. Further illustrative details, examples, advantages and features will be described below with reference to exemplary embodiments.
[00174] With reference to Figure 11, and in accordance with one exemplary embodiment that follows from the above description, a hardware security module (HSM) supported intelligent switch, generally referred to using the numeral 1101, will now be described. In the illustrated embodiment, the HSM-supported switch 1101 generally comprises a plurality of hardware ports 1102, at least some of which being operatively linked through hardware, e.g. direct hardware link or switch channel logic 1108, to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1104 (e.g.
distinct embedded memory storage device, hardware memory storage partition and/or zone). Each port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1104 can be configured to store secured port-specific cryptographic data (e.g. private encryption/decryption key 1112) that is only retrievable upon input of corresponding input cryptographic data from a corresponding port. In other words, secured data may be further secured by virtue of hardware port specificity, whereby input data received on an incorrect hardware port will fail to access corresponding secured data linked to this incorrect port, and also fail to access secured data linked with any other port. Upon successful input of external data via an appropriate hardware port 1102, corresponding secured data (e.g. key 1112) can be internally retrieved and processed by an integrated engine (i.e. cryptographic engine 1110) to deliver a desired outcome.
[00175] To further enhance anti-tampering measures, in some embodiments, the HSM-supported switch 1101 may be enclosed (e.g. along with other appliance components) within a tamper-resistant box, container or shell 1106.
[00176] As noted above, the provision of hardware-linked HSM ports and segregated storage resources enhances overall system integrity and resilience to external tampering, while also providing the added benefit of HSM multiplicity within a common multi-level network appliance and tamper-proof or resistant shell. In fact, certain embodiments may efficiently multiply HSM resource allocations within a single chip implementation, e.g.
with embedded memory(ies), processor(s) and hardware logic, while leveraging both the added security of distinctly segregated hardware-linked storage resource interfaces and the option to share internal hardware resources, such as a common integrated cryptographic engine 1110 that may be invoked to concurrently or at least sequentially process secured data from multiple isolated port-specific hardware storage resources and key spaces 1104.
As will be described in further detail below, this integrated hardware implementation may further benefit the deployment of integrated secure system architectures, such as multi-level security system architectures and the like, all within the confines of a single hardware casing or shell, if not integrated onto a singular circuit board in some embodiments.
[00177] As noted above, the embedded HSM-supported switch 1101 combines the benefits of an integrated HSM with that of the intelligent switch configuration.
Accordingly, in some embodiments, at least some of the hardware ports 1102 can be linked through hardware to interface with distinct storage resources 1104 and/or ports 1102, processes/data associated therewith, and/or link distinct appliance processing engines as described above, thereby defining a trusted communication matrix 1114 that can be 1() leveraged in more complex system implementations to benefit from the secured co-location of distinct resources on a same hardware implementation (e.g. same hardware chip) without exposing the device to external or software-related tampering risks. In other words, port-specificity can be maintained to govern access to secured data in executing selected cryptographic processes, and further enhanced by leveraging predefined hardware interconnections (i.e. data channels) between port-specific resources and/or data allocations.
[00178] The trusted communication matrix 1114 can be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays. Accordingly, certain port-specific HSM processes invoked by input data received via a particular port interface may be configured to depend from upstream cryptographic and/or network system processes executed in respect of cryptographic data received on another hardware port and used to retrieve distinctly stored and maintained private data. Naturally, certain cryptographic processes may equally feed downstream processes executed in respect of a distinct port-specific data resource. Given the hardware implementation of the matrix 1114, system security logic and complex data channeling can be hardwired into the HSM-supported switch 1101 and thus minimize external exposure to tampering. Given the above, it will be appreciated that while some ports 1102 may be associated with corresponding storage resources 1104 in a one-to-one fashion, other port interconnection scenarios may be invoked to logically associate a same port with distinct storage resources, as can distinct storage resources may be logically associated with a same hardware port. Likewise, additional hardware port interfaces may be defined to execute certain channel interconnection configurations without necessarily forming a direct link with any particular storage resource 1104, for example linking through to other appliance processing engines and/or resources.
[00179] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the HSM may allow for software, firmware and/or FPGA updates through a secured validation process. This validation process may, in some embodiments, only accept validated inputs by means of one or more corresponding hardware port through a "chain of trust" process via digital signatures using quantum safe algorithms, such as hash-based signature algorithms.
[00180] In accordance with one exemplary embodiment and similar to the single-chip hardware embodiments discussed in Figure 1, the presently described embodiments may be implemented using a Xilinx' s SoC or 1\,/iPSoC such as the Zynq product line wherein one of the two ARM processors implement the cryptographic engine 1110, a second ARM
processor handles all memory accesses and the FPGA implements the trusted communication matrix 1114 between ports 1102 and internal memory and cryptographic engine 1110. Other known and future technologies, hardware configurations and products may also be considered, as will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan, without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure.
[00181] With reference to Figure 12A, and in accordance with yet another embodiment, an HSM-supported switch 1201, much as described above with reference to Figure 11, will now be described. In this embodiment, the HSM-supported switch 1201 again generally comprises a plurality of hardware ports 1202 each operatively linked through a direct hardware link or switch channel logic 1208 to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1204, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data 1212 can be stored and securely retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated engine 1210.
[00182] As with the embodiment of Figure 11, at least some of the hardware ports 1202 can be linked through a direct hardware link or switch channel logic 1208 to interface with distinct storage resources 1204 and/or ports 1202, processes/data associated therewith, and/or accessible appliance processing engines and/or resources, thereby again defining a trusted communication matrix 1214. The matrix 1214 can again be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays.
[00183] In this embodiment, however, the matrix 1214 may further invoke certain embedded channel resources 1216 so to further enhance interconnection logic between ports and port-related processes, and thus allow for embedded security logic integration within the HSM's integrated hardware architecture. These channel resources 1216 may be integrated and invoked in a one-to-one fashion, for instance, with integrated port specificity in fully maximizing secure process isolation, or again provided as a shared resource that may be invoked and implemented for different port-specific processes albeit without exposing any such processes to undue external tampering risks.
[00184] In the illustrated embodiment, different channel resources are schematically illustrated to include any one or more of a data channel diode 1218 (i.e. to restrict data flows on a defined channel to a designated direction), data channel filter 1220 (i.e. to filter channel data, for example, to limit throughput data to a particular subset of retrieved data, or again to systematically reconfigure or replace designated data elements on a given channel data path), a channel comparator 1222 (i.e. to invoke channel logic between channels based on a comparison of data being channeled thereon, for example, allowing process throughput only upon matching channel data), an inline encryption function 1224 (e.g. to execute inline IPSEC or TLS protocol, for example, and/or to implement an inline VPN or like communication tunnel), or sniffer function (1225).
[00185] For example, in some embodiments, an inline encryption function may be invoked to facilitate certain encrypted exchange with an end or internal client, process or application, that do not necessarily require access to the cryptographic engine and related higher security protocols. For instance, while critical private key management processes (e.g. control plane processes such as user/client authentication/authorization, authenticated session initiation and configuration, private key generation and management, system management functions, etc.) may be strictly relegated to the cryptographic engine and defined secure key spaces, less critical processes (e.g. communication plane processes, such as authenticated data access transactions, updates, edits, etc.,) for instance executed on the basis of a symmetric and/or ephemeral (e.g. session) key used to expedite processing and communications, may be implemented via the inline channel encryption resource 1224.
In so doing, the HSM-supported switch 1201 may integrally combine enhanced control plane cryptographic services, as described above, with inline cryptographic services, all within a same hardware design and configuration. This may, for example, readily allow for a singular hardware design, as described herein, to replace an otherwise common network (e.g. banking) architecture in which control plane functions and processes are traditionally 1() relegated to a distinct network interfacing HSM, while session-based cryptographic functions are subsequently channeled through downstream network servers. The integrated configuration discussed herein may further, or alternatively, allow for the integrated execution of a virtual private network (VPN) or even nested VPNs to achieve a layered architecture within a single hardware design rather than to invoke a distributed network architecture in which security protocols are otherwise run on a higher network (e.g.
TCP/IP) layer, and thus, more vulnerable to physical or external tampering.
[00186] As noted above, a sniffer or like function may also, or alternatively be deployed as an integrated and/or customizable channel resource, for instance, to provide a silent non-bypassable logging or network/channel tapping function to gain visibility on network channel communications. For instance, such channel resources may be non-obstructively used to monitor channel communications and raise a flag or alert upon identifying suspicious or anomalous channel activity, if not shutting down outright communications on this channel until remedial action can be taken.
[00187] In this particular embodiment, the HSM-supported switch 1201 is further provided with optional external sensor monitors 1226, for example, which may take the form of various sensors and/or monitors used to detect and report on system breaches or tampering. For example, sensors may include, but are not limited to, integrated sound sensors that may detect shell impacts or breaks; inclinometers or 3D
accelerometers to detect displacement or physical reorientation of the shell; smoke, heat and/or water sensors to detect environmental issues and/or tampering (e.g. multiple temperature sensors can be used to detect tampering via differential internal temperature metering);
proximity or motion sensors to detect presence of unauthorized personnel; location or geofencing sensors to detect unauthorized transport of the HSM-supported switch, and overall appliance in general, beyond a designed security zone; and other such sensors as may be appreciated by the skilled artisan. As noted above, data outputs from these sensors may also partake in certain trusted internal processes, for example, as random seed values for downstream cryptographic or random value generation processes.
[00188] The HSM-supported switch 1201 may further include an administrator port 1228, such as a local (e.g. external appliance-based) USB port or dedicated network port interface to allow for secured administrative access to the switch 1201 and allow for system maintenance and reconfiguration as may be required or desired from time to time. For example, where the switch 1201 is implemented as a reconfigurable chip (e.g.
FPGA), certain hardware resources and/or logic may be re-allocated or reconfigured to address system or security protocol changes or improvements. For example, the trusted communication matrix 1214 may be adjusted to reflect new port allocations or leverage new or existing channel resources to further enhance security protocols, introduce new security levels or system integrations, or again refine existing protocols with improved processes and functions.
[00189] Again, in some embodiments, the HSM-supported switch 1201 may allow for software, firmware and/or FPGA updates through a secured validation process.
This validation process may, in some embodiments, only accept validated inputs by means of one or more corresponding hardware port (i.e. administrator port 1228) through a "chain of trust" process via digital signatures using quantum safe algorithms, such as hash-based signature algorithms.
[00190] As illustratively described above with reference to Figures 11 and 12A, in some embodiments, the HSM-supported switch (1101, 1201) may be configured to share a common cryptographic engine (1110, 1210), that is an embedded resource executing one or more cryptographic processes predefined in firmware and secured within the confines of the HSM's hardware architecture. Accordingly, respective secured cryptographic data (e.g. private key data or key space) can be respectively accessed and used by the common cryptographic engine from respective port-specific storage spaces (1104, 1204) to render secure HSM functions to respective port-specific masters (e.g. users, clients, processes, applications, etc.) [00191] In such embodiments, similarly to some embodiments discussed with respect to Figures 10 and 11, a single-chip implementation may use a Zynq device described above wherein one of the two ARM processors implements the common cryptographic engine 1210, a second ARM processor handles all memory accesses and the FPGA
implements the trusted communication matrix 1214 between external communication ports 1202 and 1() internal memory and cryptographic engine 1210.
[00192] With reference to Figure 12B, an alternative HSM-supported switch configuration 1201' is rather designed to define a respective cryptographic engine 1210' for each of the secured port-specific hardware storage resource and keys paces 1204'. By replicating cryptographic resources, further hardware isolation (e.g. distinct firmware resources and/or firmware executed on distinct embedded processor cores) can be achieved in thus further enhancing the HSM function's tamper resistance.
[00193] In this exemplary embodiment, a possible single-chip hardware implementation may consist of using the Zynq UltraScale+TM chip wherein 5 of the 6 ARM
processors are used as independent cryptographic engines 1210' while the sixth processor is used for handling all memory accesses and the FPGA implements the trusted communication matrix 1214 between the communication ports 1202, internal memory and cryptographic engines 1210'.
[00194] In yet another embodiment illustrated in Figure 12C, an alternative HSM-supported switch configuration 1201" again replicates cryptographic resources 1210" for each of the defined port specific hardware storage resources and key spaces 1204", but in this case, embeds these resources within the hardware design so to be invoked before access is granted to the respective port-specific key spaces. This may be particularly useful in a context where, for example, storage resources used to define the respective key spaces are provided external to an otherwise embedded HSM chip. In other words, HSM
resources may leverage an external storage resource such as a co-located or integrated flash drive or hard drive to store private key or other secured cryptographic data for exclusive access via embedded port-specific cryptographic engines. The person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other configurations may also be considered without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure. A possible exemplary implementation may consist of using, as discussed above, a Zynq UltraScale+TM chip but wherein all of the 6 ARM processors are used as independent cryptographic engines 1210"
managing their own port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1204" and the FPGA
implements the trusted communication matrix 1214 between the communication ports 1202, internal memory and cryptographic engine 1210. Other known and future technologies, hardware configurations and products may also be considered, as will be readily apparent to the skilled artisan, without departing from the general scope and nature of the present disclosure.
[00195] As noted above, using different aspects of the above-described embodiments, complex system architectures may be deployed on a single chip, or again on a same integrated board design, i.e. where an embedded multi-port HSM-supported switch can be integrated with other system hardware on a same or interconnected circuit boards to deliver a complex (e.g. multi-purpose, multi-level, multi-tiered, multi-user, multi-zone, etc.) network service and system as a whole, all in some embodiments, within a same tamper-resistant shell.
[00196] With reference to Figure 13, and in accordance with one embodiment, an integrated security processing system 1300 will now be described, in which a hardware-implemented HSM-supported switch 1301, much as described above with reference to Figures 12A to 12C, is illustratively integrated to act as a multi-function HSM within the integrated system architecture of system 1300. In this particular embodiment, the HSM-supported switch 1301 illustratively comprises a plurality of hardware ports 1302 each operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1304, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data 1312 can be stored and securely retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated engine 1310. Again, hardware ports 1302 can be linked through hardware to interface with distinct storage resources 1304 and/or ports 1302, and/or processes/data associated therewith, to define a trusted communication matrix 1314. The trusted communication matrix 1314 can again be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic or relays.
Embedded channel resources 1316 are also optionally provided to further enhance interconnection logic between ports and port-related processes.
[00197] Integrated with the HSM-supported switch 1301 are provided distinct processing resources 1320 that may be configured to execute various system processes that rely, at least in part, on the cryptographic outputs of the HSM-supported switch 1301, and/or contribute inputs to the HSM-supported switch 1301 to be processed in respect of one or more downstream processes. Generally, these processing resources 1320 will include one or more processing engines and storage media encoding various machine executable tasks and instructions to be processed thereby, for example, via one or more accessible processors or the like. Accordingly, a secure data path may be internally routed from one processing engine 1340 to the other via the integrated HSM-supported switch 1301, in some embodiments, either internally hardwired via internal cabling or direct circuit board interconnections, so to effectively execute multi-level or multi-function data security system integration within a wholly integrated system implementation.
[00198] Furthermore, given the integrated infrastructure of system 1300, additional elements may be collocated or integrated with the above-described components to further enhance or extend processing resources and functionality. For example, a central storage device 1342 may be included to provide additional secure/internal storage usable in the various processes invoked and implemented by the system 1300.
[00199] Internal or external system sensors 1326 may also be deployed, much as described above with reference to integrated sensor monitors 326 of Figure 12A
so to effectively monitor for, and detect, any one or more of external/internal shell tampering;
unusual/unexpected system displacements, movements, or vibrations;
environmental disbursements such as water, fire, heat or smoke; uncharacteristically high system usages and/or unusual usage patterns; etc.

[00200] The system 1300 may further include and benefit from a resident high precision timing device 1344, for instance, in supporting processes where high precision timing may be useful if not critical.
[00201] Using the above-noted approach, systems that would otherwise require a stack of interconnected devices using a set of networking cables and software-defined network port allocations (and generally at best satisfying commercial software or hybrid security standards such as FIPS 140-2), can now be implemented within a single integrated hardware architecture, that is within a single tamper-resistant shell and optionally, within a single integrated circuit board architecture, reaching security medium assurance (Communication Security Establishment ¨ CSE Canada) security standards or CSfC

(Commercial Solutions for Classified ¨ U.S. National Security Agency) standards, and beyond.
[00202] Similarly to the previously described exemplary embodiments, the HSM-supported switch 1301 may also allow for software, firmware and/or FPGA
updates through a secured validation process wherein, in some embodiments, validated inputs may be accepted by means of hardware ports 1302 (or other ports) only through a "chain of trust" process via digital signatures using quantum safe algorithms, such as hash-based signature algorithms.
[00203] With reference to Figure 14, a network security zoning architecture is shown (i.e. for an ITSG-38 Compliant Application ¨see Information Technology Security Guidelines https://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/en/publication/itsg-38) in which a network path is progressively routed through various security zones. For example, a user can establish a communication link within a public zone (PZ, i.e. Internet) with a relying party, which then seeks to establish a link to a public access zone (PAZ) that is deployed behind an external firewall (FWEXT) and serviced by a first network attached HSM and proxy server to establish Transport Layer Security (TLS) Secure Tunneling with the relying party. A
connection is then extended to a restricted zone (RZ) that is itself deployed behind a middle firewall (FWMID) and serviced by its own network attached HSM to link into an App Server to initiate a Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) Request validation and TLS Setup with a downstream database server (DB) deployed within a highly-restricted zone (HRZ). The DB server deployed within the HRZ is once again deployed behind its own internal firewall (FWINT) and serviced by its own network attached HSM to provide TLS termination and SAML Signature. Generally, using conventional network security zoning equipment, each firewall, HSM, the proxy server, the App server and the database server will constitute a distinct device stacked within a hardware stack and interconnected via a set of network cables, at best reaching a FIPS 140-2 security standard rating.
[00204] As illustrated in Figure 15, in accordance with one embodiment, the network security zoning architecture described above with reference to Figure 14 can, in some embodiments, be readily deployed using the integrated system hardware assembly generically described above with reference to figure 13. For instance, each integrated processing engine 1340 may be configured to implement a different system firewall or server such that a low security network link 1350 can be channeled into the integrated device 1300 via a first external firewall 1352 before invoking the integrated HSM resources of HSM-supported switch 1301 via a first hardware port thereof to invoke a first level security process therewith. Once successfully authenticated, transaction data can be exchanged with a first processing engine 1354 (e.g. proxy server of Figure 14), which can feed back into the HSM-supported switch 1301 via distinct hardware ports to traverse a second firewall 1356 and ultimately invoke a second level security process in order to access a second processing engine 1358 (e.g. App Server of Figure 14). The HSM-supported switch 1301 is again leveraged to invoke a third level security process in order to access a third process engine 1360 (e.g. database server of Figure 14).
Conversely, a trusted high security link 1362 can provide a more direct access to a high security zone via distinct HSM-supported hardware ports.
[00205] As demonstrated above, the integrated security processing system (appliance) 1300 of Figures 13 and 15 can effectively improve security protocol ratings for a given system architecture while drastically reducing a required hardware rack footprint and associated host maintenance and security requirements. Namely, by integrating a significant portion if not the entire security processing system within a same tamper-resistant shell, optionally with associated temper-monitoring sensors and/or devices, and further optionally within a same circuit board architecture, significant improvements in whole system security, reliance and maintenance can be realized. For example, noted improvements, features and/or advantages may include, but are not limited to, enhanced application security, out-of-the-box managed security service provider support, multi-tenant ready, higher than FIPS assurance, true hardware-based process isolation, trusted boot applications, secured field updates, quantum resistant cryptography, physical and operation security, to name a few.
[00206] Furthermore, given the integrated architecture of the security processing system described above, and in particular, the secured integrated network security zoning architecture, a multi-tier administrative access protocol may be deployed to provide selective remote or external administrative access to distinct zone resources and/or the HSM-supported switch and its embedded resources based on respective administrative access authorization profiles. Namely, the integrated nature of the herein-described embodiments may enable such distributed access authorization profiles to be formed and leveraged via a common administrative access interface and/or port, thereby avoiding the otherwise commonly required local administrative access to distinct network resources or again the provision of distinct administrative interfaces commonly available for each network resource and device in conventional physically isolated network stacks. For instance, one particular administrative access profile may provide authenticated access to certain network-user-related resources, whereas another may rather or additionally provide authenticated access to an application server and related resources, and whereas yet another may provide restricted access to administrative functions of the HSM-supported switch, for instance, to implement system security updates (cryptographic engine update, HSM
access protocol improvements, etc.), reconfigure and/or update respective data channel paths and/or resources, etc. It will be appreciated that certain authenticated administrative access profiles may allocate access privileges to one or more zones and/or system resources, while restricting other zones and/or resources to other profiles.
[00207] While the above provides one exemplary implementation of an integrated multi-level security processing appliance, various alternative integrated system applications can be designed to leverage the features, functions and advantages of the above-described embodiments. For example, this integrated appliance may also be envisioned as a part or to include a Universal Cybersecurity Platform (UCSP), wherein said platform integrates a variety of cybersecurity measures. Such a platform may comprise a single or multiple software tools/packages that allow to integrate multiple cybersecurity features such as key management, access to cryptographic algorithms, including quantum-safe cryptographic algorithms, zoning applications, patch management, secure boot, etc.
[00208] With this in mind, the integrated device itself may be configured to provide a security processing appliance or platform that delivers functionality such as, but not limited to, entropy as a service functionality, smart data diode functionality, trusted data guard 1() functionality, protocol adapters, redundant sanitizing functions, trusted comparators, filter validation functions, dual layer VPNs, or the like. Examples of such implementations will be provided below, in a non-restrictive manner.
[00209] With reference to Figure 16, and in accordance with one embodiment, a combined Entropy as a Service (EaaS) and Time Service system 1600 will now be described, in which a full EaaS and Time service system is implemented within a single integrated security processing appliance (SPA), platform or like device. In general, the security of cryptographic applications depends strongly on the secrecy of the cryptographic keys. These must be very difficult to guess and the strength of a given key is strongly dependent on a measure of randomness called the Shannon entropy, or just entropy in the present context. Usually, sources of true randomness can be provided by low-level, statistically random noise signals, such as thermal noise and other stochastic or quantum phenomena. The higher the entropy available to a computing system, the more random and secure the generated keys will be. Standard computer systems, especially IoT
devices, have difficulty producing good randomness. Using a EaaS system, these networked systems and devices can request high-entropy random data and fresh timestamps from the EaaS & Time Service server to increase the strength of locally generated encryption keys on boot.
Currently such a service would be provided over the Internet, which provides for security issues. Conversely, the illustrative embodiment of Figure 16 provides the advantage of a fully integrated EaaS & Time service system implemented within a single SPA
while also offering port-specific security features similar to those discussed in the previous embodiments.
[00210] As illustrated, system 1600 comprises an integrated EaaS and time service engine 1602, to which external port-specific connections are first made through integrated external firewall (FWEXT) engine 1638. The service engine 1602 is further operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 1604 by means of a trusted communication matrix 1614, in which secured port-specific cryptographic data can be stored and retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated cryptographic engine 1610, for example.
Accordingly, the integrated service engine 1602 can send back port-specific timestamps and entropy data to external systems and devices connected to the SPA 1600.
[00211] In the illustrated embodiment, a high precision timestamps (e.g. fully compatible with the NTP and PTP formats) are provided by an operatively linked resident high precision timing device 1644, such as an on-board atomic clock or similar.
Meanwhile, entropy data is provided by an integrated port-specific EaaS server engine 1606, deployed behind an integrated middle firewall (FWMID) engine 1640. The EaaS
server engine is itself operatively linked to a secured (distinct) hardware storage resource 1604 and integrated cryptographic engine 1610 by means of trusted communication matrix 1614.
[00212] In this example, the integrated EaaS server engine 1606 is operatively linked to an entropy source 1620, comprising one or more noise sources 1666 which provide the non-deterministic, entropy-providing activities. The one or more noise sources may illustratively comprise, but are not limited to, a quantum random number generator device (QRNG), random thermal noise measured from ring oscillators or diodes or similar, or like sources known in the art. As each individual noise source may be contaminated by a small amount of bias, the entropy collected from each source can be combined and processed by a given cryptographic engine 1611 (i.e. applying conditioning functions such as those described in the NIST 5P800-90 family of documents) to create higher quality entropy data. The cryptographic engine 1611 securely feeds the entropy data back via a data channel diode to the integrated EaaS server engine 1606.
[00213] To assess the quality of the entropy produced by the noise source, the data is also continuously transmitted via another data diode 1618 to an integrated health monitoring processing engine 1626 that does health monitoring of the noise source using a series of statistical tests, such as the NIST SP 800-90B tests, for example.
In the case where the entropy data fails one of these tests, the integrated processing engine 1626 can send a failure signal back to the integrated EaaS server engine 1606 to alert the system that the entropy data is compromised.
1() [00214] In the illustrated embodiment, in order to implement the health-monitoring function, an intervening channel resource comparator 1622 is interposed between health monitoring engine and noise source outputs. For example, where the health monitoring engine outputs the same noise value it received as input, the comparator will allow the signal to go through to the EaaS server engine 1606, otherwise, the comparator error output will flag the EaaS server engine 1606 as to the inadequate EaaS value(s).
[00215] As will be appreciated by the skilled artisan, the illustrated embodiment is compatible with open source EaaS programs such as Pollen and Pollinate used to transmit and fetch entropy data. As in previously described embodiments, the integrated system described herein is controlled via a unified configuration and management interface. This interface can also be used to efficiently manage both the central deployment of software patches and security updates.
[00216] Figure 17 provides a schematic representation a Smart Data Diode (SDD) 1700, in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. The SDD, as illustrated, can efficiently and securely isolate network traffic originating from outside a trusted network (the egress) from network traffic originating from inside the trusted network (the ingress). In contrast to the usual implementation of a data diode system, which provides a single unidirectional barrier between networks, the present embodiment integrates two physically separated unidirectional barriers within a single security processing appliance (SPA).
As designed, the smart data diode can process both the Egress and Ingress traffic while isolating each of them behind separate data diodes.
[00217] As shown in Figure 17, a low side (untrusted network) connection first goes through a low side firewall (FWLO) 1704 to an integrated Low Side Protocol Server (LSPS) 1706 while a High Side (trusted network) connection goes through a High Side Firewall (FWHI) 1730 to an integrated High Side Protocol Server (HSPS) 1728.
Each connection to and from the integrated Protocol Servers 1706 and 1728 are made via a trusted communication matrix 1714, as described above. The matrix can again be implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays. It will be appreciated that while the matrix 1714 is illustratively replicated throughout the SPA
schematic, a same central or hub matrix 1714 may be commonly implemented to effectively interconnect the illustrated components in hardware, as described above.
[00218] In the illustrated embodiment, communication between the HSPS and the LSPS
are physically separated between the Ingress and Egress. Each process transits via an integrated processor (Egress Processor 1726 and Ingress Processor 1724) coupled on both sides by a data diode. This ensures that the processing of the ingress traffic is restricted to Low Side to High Side communication (via diodes 1720 and 1722) while the egress traffic is restricted from the High Side to Low Side communication (via diodes 1716 and 1718).
These integrated components guarantee a physical separation in hardware of the Egress and Ingress traffic processing, all within the context of an integrated SPA.
This integration can also enable the use of a unified configuration and management interface, which can in part be used to efficiently manage both the central deployment of software patches and security updates.
[00219] Figures 18 to 20 schematically illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a Trusted Data Guard system executable within the context of a single SPA, as defined above. For example, as shown in Figure 18, a Trusted Guard physically separates an Egress traffic flow from an Ingress traffic flow, and for each implements a series of inline validation and sanitizing functions. The following description applies both for the Ingress traffic (going from the Low side to the High side) and the Egress traffic (going from the High side to the Low side).
[00220] The data is first processed by a Protocol Adapter (PA) which extracts information objects from the transmission protocols. These information objects can consist of a fixed format data object such as Military VMF (Variable Message Format), US MTF
(US Military Text Format), JSON, XML, 0TH Gold (Over The Horizon) or similar.
The PA also implements different communication protocols such as SFTP, HTTP/HTTPS, Raw UPD/TCP, serial protocols or similar. After extracting the necessary data, the PA sends the data to two independent implementations of a Sanitizing Function. These functions implement a sanitizing algorithm, which removes malicious data from the input.
The implementation of each function is independent, which means that they can be written in different programming languages (such as SWIFT, .Net C#, Java or similar), use different component libraries (such as Daffodil, Xerces, SAXON, libXML, Xalan, libXSLT
or similar) or even be executed on different operating systems (such as Linux, SELinux, OpenBSD, Windows or similar).
[00221] The two independent implementations must arrive at the exact same result. To do this, both Sanitizing Functions send their output to a Trusted Comparator Function (TCF), which compares the two streams of data. The streams may be of any length and if any portion of the streams fails to compare, the TCF completely discards the data. If both data streams are exactly the same, the TCF sends the data to a Filter Validation Function (FVF), which executes the final verification of the information objects format and re-format the objects into an appropriate native format. The treated data objects are finally sent to an outgoing Protocol Adapter, which again translates the information objects into the right transmission protocol before forwarding it.
.. [00222] Figure 19 shows in more detail the components of the Redundant Sanitizing Function (RSF) and the Filter Validation Function (FVF). In the case of the RSF, the information object is first processed by a DFDL (Data Format Description Language) parser to generate a XML formatted data object, which is read by a first validator function (Validator #1) to determine if the data is in proper form. The validated data object is then processed by a sanitizing function (Sanitizer) to remove malicious data and processed again by another validation function (Validator #2). Finally, the data object is sent to the Comparator Protocol Adapter (CPA) which finally transfers it to the TCF
function. In the case of the Filter Validation Function (FVF), the data object is first received from the TCF
function via a CPA, which forwards it to a validation function (Validator #2) before sending it to the DFDL Parser function.
[00223] Figure 20 shows one possible implementation of the system described in Figures 18 and 19 within the context of a SPA. The integrated embodiment of Figure 20 comprises an integrated (intelligent) switch (NGX) 2014, schematically shown here to encompass various channel resources as noted above, to interface between various integrated SPA components. As with previous embodiments, it will be appreciated that a same interconnecting hardware switch 2014 may be implemented within this design to implement the various functions illustrated herein, as can distinct hardware switches be cooperatively designed.
[00224] For both Ingress and Egress data flows, the NGX unit implements the TCF in hardware as a channel data comparator (comparators 2006 and 2012 for Egress and Ingress respectively). The channel data comparator implements logic between channels based on a comparison of data being channeled thereon, for example, allowing process throughput only upon matching channel data, thereby implementing the full functionality of the described TCF. For both the Egress and Ingress traffic, the incoming data objects from RSF
#1 and RSF #2 are funneled through a data channel diode to ensure that the data flow is restricted to data going from the RSF to the TCF. This is shown in Figure 20 for the Egress as the data objects coming from RSF #1 is sent via data diode 2004 while the objects coming from RSF #2 are funneled through data diode 2002, both connected to the channel data comparator 2006. Similarly, for the Ingress traffic, the data objects from the RSFs is sent via data diodes 2010 and 2008 to channel data comparator 2012. The NGX
unit also implements, for both Egress and Ingress, through the use of data diodes the functional connection between the PA and one of the two RSF. Figure 20 shows that the Egress traffic passes through data diode 2016 when going form the PA to the Egress RSF #1 and that the Ingress traffic goes through data diode 2018 when moving from the PA to the Ingress RSF
#1.
[00225] Figure 21 provides another exemplary implementation of an integrated security processing appliance as described herein, for the implementation of a Dual Layer Virtual Private Network (VPN) 2102. In this example, two connected VPNs and associated firewalls are integrated into a single hardware SPA. Network traffic from a local network is first routed through an internal firewall (FWINT) 2120 to an integrated processing resource linked to a third party or open source VPN referred here as the Inner VPN 2118.
This VPN is itself operatively linked to what is referred to as the Outer VPN, which consists of an inline channel encryption resource 2108. Each VPN (Outer and Inner) is operatively linked through hardware to a corresponding port-specific hardware storage resource and key space 2104 by means of trusted communication matrix 2114 in which secured port-specific cryptographic data can be stored and retrieved to execute one or more cryptographic processes via an integrated cryptographic engine 2110. The Outer VPN is itself connected to the outside network via an external firewall (FWEXT) 2106.
Each connection to and from each VPN is routed through a trusted communication matrix 2114, implemented as a set of static hardware relays and/or logic, and/or dynamically implemented via reconfigurable hardware logic and/or relays. A unified configuration and management interface can again also be used to efficiently manage both the central deployment of software patches and security updates, for example.
[00226] With reference to Figures 22, and in accordance with one embodiment, an example of a trusted auditing system executable within the context of a single SPA, as defined above, will now be described. In this exemplary embodiment, an incoming transaction event 2205 that must be audited is received by the HSM 2203 via a hardware port-specific channel and securely stored in an internal buffer 2209 or encrypted and sent off to be buffered elsewhere in the system. Logging process 2213 proceeds to audit the content of event 2205 and produces an external cryptographically authenticated audit log message 2217 via a secure logger function 2219. Upon completion of the audit log entry 2217, event 2205 will either be released from an internal buffer or the decryption key will be released to the system buffer 2209 to be processed by other segments of the system via secure transfer control 2223. While this example is illustrated in isolation in Figure 22, it can readily be applied as an inline or addressable channel resource through designated configuration of an associated interconnection matrix and/or appliance resources. For instance, a channel auditing function may be invoked and implemented by one of the SPA' s processing engines, or again wholly or in part relayed to an external resource via an appropriate hardware link and/or data port. This may, in part, depend on the complexity of the auditing process (e.g. basic cryptographic data logging via onboard cryptographic resources vs. more elaborate data channel filtering, validation, authentication and/or related processes) and resources required therefor. Likewise, while a single channeling auditing process and/or resource may be implemented within a given appliance, multiple distinct hardware segregated auditing resources may also or alternatively be deployed depending on the application at hand.
[00227] With reference now to Figure 23 and in accordance with one embodiment, a high-level schematic representation of a Cross-Domain Solution (CDS) enforcement point based on one or more SPAs configured in a CDS mode of operation (hereafter referred to as SPA-CDS) will now be described. As shown in Figure 23, a multiplicity of domains 2305 are each operationally connected to one of a corresponding multiplicity of SPA-CDS
2309. It will be appreciated that while a one-to-one architecture is illustrated herein to address multiple network security domains (zones), multiple zones may alternatively be wholly integrated within a single SPA (e.g. where greater processing density, resources, multiplicity and/or volumes are made available within a particular SPA
embodiment), as can security processes involved in the processing of a same domain (zone) be split or distributed across multiple SPAs.
[00228] In the illustrated embodiment, each SPA-CDS is further operationally connected to one another via a secure interface to a cross-domain network, illustratively referred to herein as "Elevator network" 2313. Elevator network 2313 is an interconnect point that allows the SPA-CDS devices, each dedicated in this example to its own specific corresponding security domain, to transfer encrypted data that can only be delivered to a specific destination security domain. In other words, network 2313 may act as an "elevator shaft" where domain-specific data, which is correspondingly encrypted for domain specificity, enters on a specific floor (i.e. security domain) and can either be elevated or lowered to another specific destination floor and only successfully decrypted (processed) thereon based on said domain specific encryption.
[00229] In some embodiments, each SPA-CDS may also interface to a third private network only visible to those SPA-CDS that are members of a given security domain. This is illustrated in Figure 24, where SPA-CDS 2405 provides three separate network interfaces: the security domain 2409, the filtering function network 2411 and the elevator network 2413. Filtering function network 2411, in this example, is host to one or more servers performing a variety of filtering processes. Each one of the filter processes available for a given security domain is specifically defined to perform the necessary information filtering required for information being transferred between specific security domains.
Note that a SPA-CDS only enforces the requirement that all data being transferred from one domain to another has to pass through a filtering step, by ensuring the data must pass through the filtering process. The skilled artisan will understand that the actual specifics of what the filtering process does may be outside of the scope of SPA-CDS, as can other embodiments encompass internal filtering applications and/or engines as the case may be.
[00230] With reference to Figures 25A to 25C, different examples of a Universal Cyber Security Platform (UCSP) using the above-described SPA-CDS will now be described. In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 25A, each SPA-CDS 2505 appliance comprises four independent processing engines (PE - herein labelled as WPE, SPE, EPE and NPE) interconnected using described multiport HSM 2509, as illustratively described above. In this example, upon a SPA-CDS 2505 being turned on, HSM 2509 boots itself from code that is kept secure via active-tamper security mechanisms and a secure boot procedure.
Once securely running, HSM 2509 proceeds to securely boot each of the UCSP
processing engines with specific application capabilities. The UCSP then transitions to an operational state that performs the functionality it has been programmed to enforce. The UCSP
augments the HSM' s active tamper security capabilities with additional platform-level tamper detection mechanisms to ensure that the entire appliance is fully tamper resistant.

[00231] In some embodiments, each of the PEs may be implemented using single board computers based on IntelTM server-class processors running a security-hardened operating system and related application code. The specific application performed by the various PEs may be defined by the overall use-case enforced by the UCSP.
[00232] In some embodiments, the HSM combines the trusted communication matrix with a quantum-ready component that provides generic cryptographic functions, which it enhances via a quantum-ready security framework built using post-Quantum cryptographic algorithms for things such as secure firmware and configuration updates.
[00233] In some embodiments, the HSM' s trusted communication matrix strictly enforces communication flows and types between the PEs deployed in the UCSP.
The types of communication flows may be bi-directional, uni-directional, filtered, encrypted, decrypted or similar. Furthermore, flows of communication between any two PE
may also be completely blocked if the overall use case requires it.
[00234] With particular reference to Figure 25A, the SPA-CDS 2505 provides a Cross Domain Security solution based on a UCSP that implements a specific trusted communication matrix configuration and set of processing engine (PE) functions. As illustrated in Figure 25A, information is first transferred from a source element in security domain 2511 to the SPA-CDS interface attached to that security domain. Within the SPA-CDS, the information is received using Protocol Adaptor (PA) function 2513, which is responsible to provide an appropriate protocol hand-off for the information.
Protocol Adaptor 2513 runs on one of the multiple SPA-CDS processing engines (WPE in Figure 25A). Once protocol adaptor 2513 has extracted a complete or partial unit of information deemed sufficient to be filtered and transferred to another domain, it pushes the unit of information onto Data Orchestrator (DO) 2515, which resides on a second independent processing engine of the SPA-CDS (SPE in Figure 25A). This transfer is performed via One-Way Channel (OWC) 2517 enforced by the trusted communication matrix using, for example, a data diode or similar. Once a unit of information is received by Data Orchestrator 2515, it is operable to determine the appropriate filter or set of filter function(s) that may need be applied to that specific type of information.
Data Orchestrator 2515 proceeds to orchestrate the appropriate filtering steps using one or more filtering systems deployed on network of filtering functions 2519. Data Orchestrator 2515 may implement said one or more filtering function based on a wide range of criteria. For example and without limitation, a filtering function may be applied based on the content of the data being transferred; based on the meta-data of the data being transferred (e.g.
headers or tags with information about the data); based on a time window (e.g.
from an initial time and data to an end time and date); based on metering of data transactions (e.g.
apply filter only for the first 1000 units of information received, for example). Accordingly, Data Orchestrator 2515, in some embodiments, may take the form of a cross-domain data validation engine, for example, operable to validate and thus approve (refuse) or seek approval for the data transaction to proceed to the next domain.
[00235] Upon having completed the necessary application of filters to the specific unit of information, Data Orchestrator 2515 then obtains the approval (or refusal) for furtherance of the given unit of information onto another destination security domain. This transition requires that Data Orchestrator 2515 transfers the specific unit of information to cross-portal (Elevator) Access Portal (EAP) 2523. EAP 2523 resides on a third independent processing engine (EPE) and is operationally connected to Elevator Network 2524. As before, the transfer between Data Orchestrator 2515 and EAP 2523 is performed via the trusted communication matrix. However, in this case, the trusted communication matrix enforces an encryption (ENC) transform 2525 that encrypts the specific unit of information for a given destination security domain using a specific cryptographic key assigned for that security domain. The encrypted data then gets delivered to EAP 2523 of the egress security domain which transfers it to the ingress EAP 2523 of the destination security domain. Upon receiving an encrypted unit of information from a source security domain, the ingress EPA
2523 pushes the encrypted unit of information to its local PA 2513. The transfer between EAP 2523 and PA 2513 is enforced by the ingress SPA-CDS HSM' s trusted communication matrix. In this case however, the trusted communication matrix enforces a decryption (DEC) transform 2527 on the data. Upon receiving a decrypted unit of information from its local EAP 2523, the ingress SPA-CDS' s PA 2513 for the destination security domain re-assembles the various units of information into a complete information package and transfers it off to a destination customer using the appropriate communication protocol.
[00236] The SPA-CDS may also provide an Enterprise Administrative (EA) function 2531 dedicated to the overall maintenance of the functions offered by each of the deployed SPA-CDS devices and residing on a fourth independent processing engine (NPE).
One of these functions is the distribution of appropriate keying material of each ENC
2525 and DEC 2527 transforms specific to the corresponding security domain(s) of the destination/source SPA-CDS devices, as illustrated in Figure 25B. For example, if a SPA-CDS deployed as the CDS access point for security domain 1 is to only be allowed to 1() transfer information to security domain 2 and security domain 3, then the function of that SPA-CDS would be pre-loaded with two specific transfer keys {K1-2, Kl-3}. Similarly, if that same SPA-CDS is allowed to receive data from security domains {2, 3, 4}, then the DEC 2527 function would be pre-loaded with three specific transfer keys {K2-1, K3-1, K4-1}.
[00237] The EA 2531 capability also provides an overarching maintenance function for all of the sub-components of the offered solution. In this way, when PA 2513, DO 2515, EAP 2523, or even EA 2531 require software updates, these functions are orchestrated by EA 2531, as illustrated in Figure 25C. During a maintenance update, all of the various network accesses are disabled to allow the enterprise maintenance capability.
This capability can be further extended to provide the maintenance and enterprise level management of the filtering functions dedicated to each deployed security domains. The types of communication protocols that can be handled by the SPA-CDS is dependent on the type of specific protocol adapters that are deployed on a given device. In general and without limitation, these can be both stream or packetized protocols.
[00238] The skilled artisan will understand that, in some embodiments, a different number of independent processing engines may be used from the four described above.
[00239] While the present disclosure describes various embodiments for illustrative purposes, such description is not intended to be limited to such embodiments.
On the contrary, the applicant's teachings described and illustrated herein encompass various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents, without departing from the embodiments, the general scope of which is defined in the appended claims. Except to the extent necessary or inherent in the processes themselves, no particular order to steps or stages of methods or processes described in this disclosure is intended or implied. In many cases the order of process steps may be varied without changing the purpose, effect, or import of the methods described.
[00240] Information as herein shown and described in detail is fully capable of attaining the above-described object of the present disclosure, the presently preferred embodiment of the present disclosure, and is, thus, representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure fully encompasses other embodiments which may become apparent to those skilled in the art, and is to be limited, accordingly, by nothing other than the appended claims, wherein any reference to an element being made in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one" unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more." All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the above-described preferred embodiment and additional embodiments as regarded by those of ordinary skill in the art are hereby expressly incorporated by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims. Moreover, no requirement exists for a system or method to address each and every problem sought to be resolved by the present disclosure, for such to be encompassed by the present claims. Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. However, that various changes and modifications in form, material, work-piece, and fabrication material detail may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, as set forth in the appended claims, as may be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art, are also encompassed by the disclosure.

Claims

PCT/CA2019/051638What is claimed is:

1. A hardware security module comprising:
two or more hardware ports, each one of which operable to electronically receive given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon to initiate execution of an internal cryptographic process as a function thereof;
two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces, each physically isolated in hardware from any other of said hardware port-specific storage spaces, operatively linked to a corresponding hardware port via a corresponding hardware link, and storing respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable upon said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data corresponding thereto and being received via said corresponding hardware port such that said respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data is inaccessible in hardware upon said given input hardware port-specific data being received via a distinct hardware port; and a cryptographic engine operable to execute said cryptographic process based on said secured port-specific cryptographic data retrieved from said segregated hardware port-.. specific storage spaces as a function of said given input port-specific cryptographic data.

2. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein the hardware security module further comprises a hardwired port interconnection matrix that operatively interconnects at least some of said hardware ports in accordance with predefined hardwired port-specific logic, wherein said interconnection matrix is reconfigurable to redefine said hardwired port-specific logic.

3. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein at least one said hardware link invokes an embedded communication channel resource operable on selected hardware .. port-specific data communicated therethrough, wherein said communication channel resource comprises at least one of an inline channel cryptographic resource, a data channel diode resource, a data channel filter resource, a data channel comparator resource, a trusted metering function, a trusted flow control function, a trusted function expander, a trusted controllable event counter, or a data channel sniffer resource.

4. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein at least one said hardware link invokes a trusted metering function operable on hardware port-specific data communicated therethrough, wherein said trusted metering function is operable to track transactions communicated on a given hardware channel and output cryptographically authenticated metering messages accordingly.

5. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein at least one said hardware link invokes a trusted flow control function, wherein said trusted flow control function applies cryptographically authenticated flow control restrictions on transactions communicated on a given hardware channel.

6. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein at least one said hardware link invokes a trusted function expander, wherein a data transaction relayed or triggered on a given input hardware channel is securely distributed and synchronized across multiple output hardware channels.

7. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein at least one said hardware link invokes a trusted controllable event counter.

8. The hardware security module of claim 7, wherein said trusted controllable event counter applies cryptographically authenticated control over a designated event counting threshold thereof such that a trigger invoked upon reaching said threshold is securely adjustable.

9. The hardware security module of claim 8, wherein said trusted controllable event counter is operatively associated with an onboard clock frequency signal to securely adjust output timing data associated therewith.

10. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein a given segregated hardware port-specific storage space is exclusively accessible in hardware, independent of said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data, via said corresponding hardware link.

11. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein each said segregated hardware port-specific storage space is physically isolated in hardware from any other said segregated hardware port-specific storage space.

12. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein said cryptographic engine comprises distinct hardware port-specific cryptographic engines or a same said cryptographic engine that is commonly operable to execute a same said cryptographic process for each of said secured port-specific cryptographic data irrespective of hardware port-specificity.

13. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein each of said segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces comprises distinct partitions of a common embedded storage media each operatively hardwired to said corresponding one of said hardware ports.

14. The hardware security module of claim 1, wherein each said segregated hardware port-specific storage space comprises distinctly embedded storage media operatively hardwired to said corresponding one of said hardware ports.

15. A hardware security module comprising:
two or more hardware ports, each one of which operable to electronically receive given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon to initiate execution of an internal cryptographic process as a function thereof;
two or more segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces, each operatively linked to a corresponding hardware port via a corresponding hardware link, and storing respective secured hardware port-specific cryptographic data thereon exclusively retrievable upon said given input hardware port-specific cryptographic data corresponding thereto and being received via said corresponding hardware port;
a cryptographic engine operable to execute said cryptographic process based on said secured port-specific cryptographic data retrieved from said segregated hardware port-specific storage spaces as a function of said given input port-specific cryptographic data;
and a hardwired port interconnection matrix that operatively interconnects at least some of said hardware ports in accordance with predefined hardwired port-specific logic and invokes an embedded communication channel resource operable on selected hardware port-specific data communicated via said matrix.

16. The hardware security module of claim 15, wherein said communication channel resource comprises a trusted metering function that tracks transactions communicated on a given hardware channel and outputs cryptographically authenticated metering messages accordingly.

17. The hardware security module of claim 16, wherein said transactions comprise at least one of data transactions, event transactions or request transactions.

18. The hardware security module of claim 15, wherein said communication channel resource comprises a trusted flow control function that applies cryptographically authenticated flow control restrictions on transactions communicated on a given hardware channel.

19. The hardware security module of claim 15, wherein said communication channel resource comprises a trusted function expander, wherein a data transaction relayed or triggered on a given input hardware channel is securely distributed and synchronized across multiple output hardware channels.

20. The hardware security module of claim 15, wherein said communication channel resource comprises a trusted controllable event counter that applies cryptographically authenticated control over a designated event counting threshold thereof such that a trigger invoked upon reaching said threshold is securely adjustable.

21. A cross-domain network traffic management appliance comprising:
an external hardware network domain port to interface with an external network corresponding with a first network security domain, and exchange domain-specific data therethrough;
a cross-domain hardware port to interface with a second network security domain and exchange cross-domain data therethrough;
one or more hardware-integrated processing engines; and a hardware-integrated interconnection matrix configured to define, in hardware, designated data communication paths to interconnect said processing engines;
wherein said one or more hardware-integrated processing engines are operable to:
process and validate ingress first domain data received from said first network security domain via said external hardware port for cross-domain egress via said cross-domain hardware port; and process cross-domain ingress data received via said cross-domain hardware port for dispatch to said first network security domain via said external hardware network port;
wherein cross-domain egress and ingress data is internally encrypted and decrypted, respectively, in accordance with a designated destination-domain encryption process.

22. The appliance of claim 21, wherein said cross-domain egress and ingress data is respectively encrypted or decrypted by a hardware-integrated encryption engine.

23. The appliance of claim 22, wherein said hardware-integrated encryption engine is operatively associated with a plurality of hardware security module (HSM) ports distinctly addressable via said respective hardware paths of said interconnection matrix to respectively encrypt said cross-domain egress data and decrypt said cross-domain ingress data.

24. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein said respective hardware paths of said interconnection matrix physically segregates ingress and egress cross-domain data paths.

25. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 24, further comprises a distinctly addressable hardware-integrated administrative engine operable to securely manage operation of said two or more hardware-integrated processing engines.

26. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 25, further comprising an external hardware security network port distinctly addressable by one of said hardware-integrated processing engines to invoke an external validation process to be applied to said ingress domain-specific data prior to encryption for cross-domain egress.

27. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 26, wherein said hardware-integrated processing engines comprise a domain-specific protocol adapter operable to interface with said external network domain port, a cross-domain data validation engine operable to validate said ingress domain-specific data once processed by said protocol adapter, and a cross-domain access portal operable to interface with said cross-domain hardware port.

28. The appliance of claim 27, wherein said interconnection matrix defines a one-way hardware data path between said protocol adapter and said cross-domain access portal via said cross-domain data validation engine to process said ingress first domain data, and a distinct hardware data path between said cross-domain access portal and said protocol adapter to process said cross-domain ingress data.

29. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein said cross-domain hardware port comprises an external cross-domain port to be operatively interfaced with a corresponding external cross-domain hardware port of a corresponding cross-domain network traffic management appliance operatively associated with said second network security domain.

30. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 28, wherein said cross-domain hardware port comprises an internal cross-domain port operatively interfacing with a corresponding internal cross-domain hardware port operatively associated with said second network security domain.

31. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 30, wherein said cross-domain hardware port is configured to operatively interface with a secure interconnection network operatively interconnecting respective cross-domain hardware ports associated with respective network security domains to securely transfer encrypted cross-domain data therebetween.

32. The appliance of any one of claims 21 to 31, wherein said cross-domain hardware port is operable to interface with multiple distinct second network security domains and exchange distinct destination domain-specific data therewith.

33. A cross-domain network traffic management system comprising:
a plurality of hardware data path layers, each one of which corresponding with a designated network security domain and comprising:
an external hardware network domain port to interface with an external network corresponding with a given network security domain, and exchange domain-specific data therethrough;
a cross-domain hardware port to interface with distinct hardware data path layers corresponding with distinct network security domains and exchange cross-domain data therethrough;
one or more hardware-integrated processing engines; and a hardware-integrated interconnection matrix configured to define, in hardware, designated data communication paths to interconnect said processing engines;
wherein said hardware-integrated processing engines are operable to:

process and validate ingress given domain data received from said given network security domain via said external hardware port for cross-domain egress via said cross-domain hardware port; and process cross-domain ingress data received via said cross-domain hardware port for dispatch to said given network security domain via said external hardware network port;
wherein cross-domain egress and ingress data is internally encrypted and decrypted, respectively, in accordance with a respectively designated destination-domain encryption process.

34. The system of claim 33, wherein each said cross-domain hardware port operatively interfaces with a secure interconnection network to securely transfer encrypted cross-domain data thereon.

35. A multi-zone network traffic management system or appliance comprising:
one or more hardware-integrated processing engines operable to implement one or more network security management processes associated with a respective network security zone; and a trusted hardware interconnection matrix having a plurality of hardware ports .. associated therewith and configured to define in hardware multiple data communication paths embedded therein exclusively interconnecting said network security zones via respective hardware paths thereof that integrally invoke, in hardware, said network security management processes;
wherein a given data transaction is routed in hardware via a designated hardware path of said interconnection matrix to operatively invoke a given network security management process, upon successful execution of which, said given data transaction is successfully relayed to a distinct zone via a distinct one of said hardware paths, such that said network security process is integrally invoked in hardware to process network transactions between said zones.

36. The system of claim 35, wherein said network security management processes comprise a transaction auditing process.

37. The system of claim 35 or claim 36, wherein said given network transaction is relayed, encrypted, to said distinct zone, and only successfully decrypted therein upon successful execution of said given network security management process.

38. The system of claim 37, wherein said security management process, upon successful execution thereof, releases a decryption key to successfully decrypt said relayed network transaction.

39. The system of claim 35 or claim 36, wherein said given network security management process, upon successful execution thereof, locally decrypts said given network transaction to be relayed to said distinct zone accordingly.

40. The system of claim 35, wherein said one or more network security management processes comprise a cryptographic process; and said one or more hardware-integrated processing engines comprise a cryptographic engine hardwired to interface with said hardware ports to execute each said cryptographic process.