CA3112223C

CA3112223C - Mechanical speed converter-controlled wind and hydrokinetic turbines

Info

Publication number: CA3112223C
Application number: CA3112223A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Kyung Soo Han
Original assignee: Differential Dynamics Corp
Current assignee: Differential Dynamics Corp
Priority date: 2018-12-27
Filing date: 2019-12-23
Publication date: 2023-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 2039-12-23
Also published as: AU2024202456A1; EP3853504A1; AU2019416124A1; CA3112223A1; EP3853504A4; BR112021012702A2; MX2021003494A; WO2020139863A1

Abstract

A wind or water flow (hydrokinetic) turbine for harnessing a predetermined minimum or baseload value of renewable electric energy from the wind or water flow energy received at a harnessing module comprises the harnessing module, a controlling module, and a generating module. Harnessed input power is provided to a power-balanced three variable mechanical gear control system when a control power of power versus load graph is crossed by an output power line graph to achieve an electrical advantage at a generator output. The three variable mechanical motion control system or "motionics" comprises a control assembly of first and second spur/helical/bevel/miter/ring gear assemblies or transgear assemblies with an adjustment in between to eliminate variations from constant rotational speed input. Constant electric power at constant frequency are delivered to a variable load.

Description

MECHANICAL SPEED CONVERTER-CONTROLLED WIND AND HYDROKINETIC
TURBINES
[001] This application claims the right of priority to and is a continuation-in-part of U. S. Patent Application Ser. No. 16/233,365 filed December 27, 2018, which issued as U. S.
Patent No.
10,947,956 on March 16, 2021; is a continuation-in-part of U. S. Patent Application Ser. No.
16/691,145 filed December 11, 2019, which issued as U. S. Patent No.
10,941,749 on March 9, 2021; and is a continuation-in-part of U. S. Patent Application Ser. No.
16/701,741 filed December 3, 2019, which issued as U. S. Patent No. 10,815,968 on October 27, 2020.
TECHNICAL FIELD

[002] The technical field of the invention relates to providing a method and apparatus for controlling the harnessing of renewable wind flow and water flow and solar energy to a constant power value and constant frequency with a renewable energy turbine (referred to herein as a combined renewable energy harnessing module and generator) of various types: a wind turbine or a marine hydrokinetic (MHK) river turbine or a tidal turbine or an ocean wave turbine or an ocean current turbine or a solar panel, and, more particularly, to the field of speed converter controlled wind and hydrokinetic turbines, wind flow or water flow renewable energy turbines which utilize a variable rotational speed to constant rotational speed converter herein called a dual spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transfer mechanical rotational speed converter to maintain a constant rotational speed to drive an output electricity generator to output electricity within a predetelinined electrical frequency range.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[003] A wind flow or water flow renewable energy turbine may output a constant rotational speed component and a variable rotational speed component for generating a constant alternating current frequency electricity within a predetermined frequency range that may comprise three components: a combined renewable energy harnessing module and electricity generator, a variable rotational speed to constant rotational speed converter and an output electricity generator. A
typical combined renewable energy harnessing module and electricity generator comprises a wind or water propeller which turns a shaft of the electricity generator or a water flow or a wave renewable energy turbine which captures wind flow or water flow energy that likewise turns the shaft of an output electricity generator or a solar panel. Three known wind flow or water flow Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 turbines are shown in Figures 5A-5C of US 2020-0191120, which issued as U. S.
Patent No.
10/815,968 on October 27, 2020, entitled "Concentric Wing Turbines" of the same inventor. A
problem with known turbines is their inefficiency in obtaining a constant electric frequency such as 60 Hz (US), 50 Hz (European) or 400 Hz (aircraft) and their reliance on periods of variable wind flow and water flow. For example, water flows over a dam and there may be a drought requiring the turbines to shut down, or there may not be sufficient wind to turn a propeller-driven turbine. For example, in a conventional wind flow turbine, an electrical power converter is used to produce a constant frequency electrical alternating current when the wind is blowing sufficiently. This power converter converts alternating current of variable frequency to direct current and then back to constant frequency alternating current electricity.
This power conversion is very inefficient and, also, the electronics of the known power converter are known to fail.
10041 Hydroelectric and wind energy are two major sources of so-called renewable energy. In the U.S.A. in 2016 (EIA), 33.0% or one-third of all electric energy is produced by steam generation using coal. A third source of renewable energy comes from the sun (only 1.0%).
A first renewable energy source comes from water (hydro amounts to 6.0% according to the E1A).
Water flows at variable speed and so does wind; (ocean waves vary with the strength of winds over the ocean).
The sun is only bright enough during daytime hours for conversion to electrical energy by known solar panels. An advantage of water flow over wind flow is the mass/density of water over wind, inertia or power that may be generated by the flow of water compared with the flow of wind (wind amounts to 6.0% of generated electricity) where wind flow must be harnessed by large diameter wind-driven propellers or rotor blades. Also, for example, river water typically flows at all hours of the day and night at a relatively constant rate of flow.
10051 Natural gas provides, in the same year, about 34.0% of U. S. electric energy, and nuclear energy now provides about 20.0%, for example, via steam turbine generation.
Petroleum, such as oil, is used to produce only about 1% of U. S. electric energy. Coal, natural gas, biomass (2.0%) and petroleum are carbon-based and when burned produce emissions which can be costly to mitigate or, if not mitigated, can be dangerous or at least increase the so-called carbon footprint in the earth's atmosphere. Non-renewable carbon-based systems can cause undesirable emissions.
The supply of coal, gas and petroleum is also limited. Nuclear energy generation, unless handled with extreme care, is dangerous, and the spent nuclear fuel becomes a hazard to the world.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 [006] Consequently, the hope of electrical energy generation for the future is in so-called renewables which include, but are not limited to, the air (wind flow power), the sun (solar power) and water (hydroelectric and marine hydrokinetic, (MHK), renewable energy via river flow or tidal and ocean wave and ocean current water turbine) sources. The Grand Coulee dam, Hoover dam and the Tennessee Valley Authority are exemplary of projects started in the early 20th century in the United States for generating hydroelectric power, but these require large dams to build potential energy for turning electric turbine generators. Large hydroelectric generators in such dams on rivers in the United States are now being replaced with more efficient and larger capacity generators. But the number and utility of dam-based hydroelectric power is limited, and the dams block migrating fish and commercial river traffic on navigable rivers. The dams back up a river to form a lake which can take away valuable land resources that could be used to grow food or permit animals to feed. On the other hand, the created lakes provide water control and recreational use for boating, fishing and the like. Nevertheless, there remains a need for wind flow and water flow driven electricity generators and control that may save the cost of building a dam, permit the marine hydrokinetic (MHK) generation of electricity and use the high inertia of water flow (for example, compared with wind flow of low inertia) of a river or tidal estuary flow of ocean currents and tides to produce constant power in comparison with wind flow. And, notwithstanding the variable nature of renewable sources of energy, there is a need for a stand-alone control system or distributed generation for assuring constant power at constant frequency, voltage and current without needing grid connections so as to be a dependable source for small villages, for example, in developing nations of Africa and other continents and to conform to world standards.
[007] While hydroelectric energy amounts to the next greatest renewable source at about 6.0%, it is believed that more can be done to efficiently utilize the rivers, ocean waves and tides and ocean currents in the United States and in developing nations, for example, in Africa than by hindering the flow of water commerce by the construction of dams.
[008] Other renewable sources include geothermal and solar energy. While these are "clean"
sources, to date, their growth has been unimpressive. Only wind energy is supported by the Department of Energy, and wind energy is forecast to grow from 4.7% in 2015 to 20% of all US
energy in approximately 20 years. Recently, offshore wind turbines have been considered for use off the Eastern Shore of the United States mounted on platforms for generating power for the mainland coastal states.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 10091 A mechanical meshed gear gearbox used in renewable energy systems is known to have a failure rate of approximately 5%. Electronics used in a wind turbine have the highest potential failure rate of 26%. Control units generally exhibit a failure rate of 11%.
Sensors exhibit approximately a 10% failure rate. The failure rate of a variable frequency converter or variable power converter (conventional wind turbines) may be on the order of 26%
failure rate (electronics) according to an ongoing consortium's study of drive train dynamics at the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland. According to published information, the mean time between failures of a 1.5 megawatt wind turbine, for example, may be only two years on average (but the real failure rate is an industrial secret); and the replacement cost may be over $50,000 (for example, $50,000 to $100,000 US) per variable frequency to constant power converter. A
failure rate of the variable speed generator of a known turbine is on the order of 4.5%.
Consequently, problems related to known wind, water (river, ocean wave and tidal) turbines and solar panels relate closely to the failure rate of gearboxes, generators, variable frequency converters or variable power converters and associated electronics and inefficiencies of operation.
100101 A solution to the identified problems is to provide a constant rotational velocity as an input to the constant rotational speed electric output generator so that an electricity output generator in turn can produce a constant alternating current frequency output and deliver a constant voltage and constant current (power) directly to an electric grid whose load may vary over time. Transmissions or speed converters, for example, have been developed or are under development by the following entities: IQWind, Fallbrook and Voith Wind (Voith Turbo) to provide a constant output from a variable input. US Patent No. 7,081,689, (the '689 patent) assigned to Voith Turbo of Germany is exemplary of an overall system control design providing three levels of generator control. Voith provides a so-called power split gear. A hydrodynamic Fottinger speed converter or transformer may be connected between a rotor and gear assembly and a synchronous generator may output power to a grid, for example, at 50 Hz (European).
[0011] A recent development in the art of gearboxes is a magnetic gear which relies on permanent magnets and avoids meshed gears. Magnetic gears, for example, developed by and available from Magnomatics, Sheffield, UK, have an air gap between sheath and shaft and so there is no meshing of gears in a gearbox. Alternating north and south poled permanent magnets may slip with a burst of water or wind energy with a magnetic gear that might break a meshed gear gearbox. A magnetic gear yields when a large burst of wind flow or water flow energy or a tidal or wave burst of water

4 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 energy turns a gearbox input while a meshed gear may break or cause considerable wear to a meshed gear of the gearbox.
[0012] Known marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbines such as run-of-the-river, tidal, and hydrokinetic river turbines have problems. There is the problem of having to convert a harnessed variable rotational speed to a constant alternating current frequency and so provide a dependable constant power output. On the other hand, there are many advantages for harnessing marine hydrokinetic (MHK) energy: the density (mass or inertia) of water is much greater than that of wind and the speed of flow of water is not as variable as wind flow speed especially when used for generating electric power in a relatively constant flowing river or steam which flows continuously in the same direction (such as the Mississippi River of the United States). Tides are reversible (high tide to low tide flowing toward the ocean and low tide to high tide flowing in from the ocean) and associated known turbines may be limited to generating power in one direction of water flow (during changing high to low tide or low to high tide) and generate maximum power at only low and high tides during a day. Resultant output power is sinusoidal in nature (water flowing in to a maximum and then reversing and flowing out to a maximum during a day/night high tide/low tide cycle).
[0013] A concept for improving turbines is use of a direct drive in which a rotor and a shaft drive a generator. Such a direct drive may be used to directly drive an electric power generator without using a gearbox, i.e. directly driving the electric power generator. The failure and efficiency problems of gearboxes may be eliminated by eliminating the gearbox and substituting direct drive.
One may increase the number of poles by fifty times, for example, use power converters or frequency converters and so result in reduced down time for gearbox repairs at the expense of increased cost due to the bigger generators. A speed converter to convert variable speed to constant speed is disclosed in U. S. Patent No. 8,388,481 of inventor Kyung Soo Han (also referred to as Key Han). The rotational speed converter is entirely mechanical and so scalable and improves upon the high failure rate, reliability and efficiency of known electrical/mechanical systems.
Speed converters under development are also frequency converters and are shown in this and other patent applications and patents of Kyung Soo Han and may be referred to as infinitely variable motion control devices (IVMC) and have named the principle "motionics" which may comprise rotational speed converter gear assemblies such that rotational speed may be changed to a constant speed for driving an electricity generator at this constant rotational speed so that the generator Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 produces a constant desired electrical frequency output. In North America, since the early 20th century whenever error in electric frequency exceeds a predetermined number of seconds within a predetermined period of time, a correction of frequency in Hz is applied.
Clock time error corrections may start and end, for example, on the hour or half hour to synchronize with the true time of day.
[0014] Traction drive infinitely variable transmissions are known produced by Torotrak and Fallbrook. The Fallbrook device may be described by U. S. Patent No.
8,133,149. A 2004 report, NREL/TP-500-36371, concluded that the Fallbrook device is not scalable.
Further speed converters are described by FIG.'s 10 and 11 of U. S. Patent No. 8,641,570 of Differential Dynamics Corp. (also known as DDMotion). The DDMotion speed converters are differentiated from those of Torotrak and Fallbrook by their gear drives (no toroids, pulleys or belts) and that they are scalable.
[0015] A turbine was produced by Hydrovolts, Inc. The apparatus may comprise a waterwheel and may comprise a gear and belt drive inside which may, because of the belt, be susceptible to slippage. At their web site, a 15 kW waterfall turbine is described for use at a waterfall such as at spillways or outflows in industrial plants. Hydrovolts also produces a 12 kW
zero-head canal turbine that allegedly can capture the energy in moving water. Reference may be made to U. S.
Published Patent Application 2010/0237626 of Hammer published September 23, 2010, which appears to comprise a waterwheel construction. Hydrovolts' rotating (hinged) blades may control some of the water flow speed, but it is urged that the exposed rotating blades may be susceptible to damage.
[0016] A hydrokinetic river turbine is known which may be attributed to Free Flow Power Corp.
and may have been lowered to the bottom of the Mississippi River or attached to a piling. It is believed that such a device may be very similar to a turbine engine of an airplane but below water level and the water, at velocity, drives a turbine propeller (blades). Due to lowering prices of natural gas, the project became economically unviable (according to their press release in 2012).
[0017] New Energy Corp, Inc. of Calgary, AB, Canada in collaboration with the present inventor and Differential Dynamics Corporation has recently announced a hydrokinetic river turbine that may operate at five kilowatts. This small river turbine may comprise a turbine on a floating platform in a river having an underwater harnessing module that may come in sizes from five kilowatts to one hundred kilowatts in the future. An installation of a five kilowatt EnviroGen plant Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 has been used by the First Nation communities on the Winnipeg River, requires no dams and may comprise a platform anchored in the river with an underwater harnessing module, for example, on the river bottom and the turbine may be located at another appropriate location. The plant may require no fuel, run twenty-four hours a day from river flow, and there may be no need for a large battery bank power back-up in dry spells. The underwater water renewable energy harnessing module may comprise propellers or waterwheels that appear to be vertical to face the river water flow of approximately two meters per second at some locations or over three meters per second at other locations on the river.
[0018] It is generally known in the art to utilize devices that look much like wind flow turbines to capture water energy. A tidal and/or river current turbine is known from FIG.
1 of U. S. Pub.
Patent App. 2009/0041584 (Verdant Power) published February 12, 2009. Verdant Power is now producing a fifth-generation propeller turbine that may be mounted on a triangular frame under water. The diagram provides the labels, showing direction of water flow "A"
(from right to left).
Note that the turbine rotates on a pole so that rotor blade 150 captures the water as it passes in any direction. Tocardo of the Netherlands produces a rotor blade that rotates to reverse direction for, for example, tidal flow capture. See Tocardo U. S. Published Patent App.
2019/031301A1.
[0019] A rotating ring device including a rotating ring is known which is available from Oceana Energy Company. FIG. 1 of U. S. Published Patent Application 2012/0211990 of August 23, 2012, of Oceana Energy allegedly comprises hydrofoils both external and internal to the rotating ring.
[0020] Perhaps the most like a wind flow turbine in appearance is the known tidal energy turbine of ScottishPower Renewables, a division of Iberdrola. According to press releases, this tidal device with its propeller (rotor blades) is capable of generating approximately 10 MW of power as an "array" perhaps of twelve or more such devices at less than 1 MW each.
[0021] Most maps of the United States show the major rivers which include the Ohio, the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Snake River and the Pecos and Brazos Rivers of Texas. As can be seen from such a map, there is a great potential to harness the water energy of these rivers in the United States and to power, for example, the entire area covered by the Mississippi River and its tributaries including the Missouri, the Platte and the Red Rivers. Using dams across these rivers to generate electricity would be costly and hinder river traffic and marine lives. It may be that Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 only Free Flow Power has developed a device for use on such a river as the Mississippi, (but Free Flow Power abandoned the Mississippi project in 2012).
[0022] Similarly, a map of the world shows the major rivers of the world, further highlighting the potential to harness water energy in rivers world-wide. (Predictable ocean tides cause water to flow upstream in ocean tributaries at low to high tide transitions and downstream in ocean tributaries at low tide and may be more widely used for electric power generation.) 100231 A typical hydroelectric power plant is mounted within a dam of a river.
A first step in harnessing water energy is to build the dam to create a pressure head that is proportional to the depth of the water backed up by the dam. The backed-up water is represented by a reservoir or lake. At the base of the dam, there may be intake gates which allow water that has been compressed by the head to flow at a predetermined flow rate through a penstock to a powerhouse which is one of many such powerhouses that may be constructed along the width of a large dam. One powerhouse may comprise a generator and a turbine which outputs electric power to long distance power lines. Once the water passes through the turbine, it is returned to the river downstream via a tailrace.
[0024] A variable torque generator (VTG) (called a VPG when varying power output) has been described in U. S. Patent No.'s 8,338,481; 8,485,933; and 8,702,552 as well as PCT/US2010/042519 published as W02011/011358 of Kyung Soo Han. The variable torque or variable overlap generator (VOG) has one of an axially moveable rotor and/or stator with respect to its stationary or moveable counterpart stator or rotor so as to vary the amount of overlap by the stator with respect to the rotor from a minimum when the stator is displaced from the rotor to a maximum value when the stator and rotor are proximate to or overlap one another. When used in a power generating module to regulate flow of power, the VTG is referred to as a variable power generator or VPG. When used in a torque generator and a power generator to regulate torque and flow of power, the generator is referred to as a variable torque and power generator or VT&PG.
Torque and/or power are at a maximum when there is a maximum rotor/stator overlap.
[0025] In particular, there is described in, for example, W02011/011358 or U.
S. Patent No.
8,338,481 (the U. S, '481 patent), the concept of measuring torque/rpm on an output shaft of a system such as a river/tidal/ocean wave/ocean current turbine (which may be referred to herein as a marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbine) for providing a constant output from a variable flow input.
The measured torque/rpm value may be compared with a torque/rpm value stored in a memory Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 and, if the measured torque/rpm is high in comparison, then, the moveable rotor or stator of a variable torque generator may be moved axially to a position more in keeping with the high measured torque/rpm value, i.e. such that the stator is moved away from the rotor axially under motor control through a feedback loop. When the measured torque/rpm is low in comparison with an expected value, the moveable rotor or stator may be moved axially toward one another to match a low value of torque/rpm so that the speed of the output shaft may increase with increasing wind flow or water flow and vice versa. This variable torque generator (VTG) process continues so as to maintain a relationship between speed of input (such as speed of wind flow or water flow (river/tide/ocean wave/ocean current) to match a desired rotational speed of output shaft and to maintain output shaft speed, for example, if used as an electric power generator, to produce, for example, more electricity (more current or amperes) of 60 Hz U. S. electric frequency or in Europe 50 Hz European frequency electric power.
100261 Differential Dynamics Corporation has also proposed a variable to constant speed generator including the concept of an infinitely variable torque generator, meaning that the one of the moveable rotor or the stator may be moved, for example, by a servo motor, not shown, to any position of proximity to or distance from one another or such that their respective magnetic flux fields are located far away from one another so as to not couple with one another, for example, to have an effect to cause a coupling of rotor and stator and a magnetic force field tending to cause the rotor to be stationary with the stator or move with the stator. The rotor and stator of the variable power generator are shown such that the rotor may be directly coupled to the shaft. When the stator parts are moved away from rotor, a minimum input torque results.
The operation of a control may be as follows via measuring a torque value stored in memory proximate to the maximum torque that a given rotor shaft may receive (a maximum allowable torque value), the stator parts may be moved by a motor to be in removed torque position or a position in between maximum and minimum torque positions whereby a close-to-maximum torque position may be achieved in relation to the measured torque and the maximum allowable torque (or rotational speed in rpm) value or value stored in memory.
[0027] Most of today's water/electric conversion is directed to hydroelectric dams, tidal influences and small rivers or canals. According to www.mecometer.com, the potential for development of electricity for large rivers is on the order of over one million megawatts in the USA alone. Also, the capacity for generating electricity using rivers in China is 1.1 million megawatts and that of Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the entire world over five million megawatts. So, river and tidal water turbines are not only economically viable, they represent viable renewable energy sources for powering the world without hydrocarbons, high cost and with low maintenance.
100281 A marine hydrokinetic (MHK) harnessing module may comprise concentric wings, waterwheels, paddle wheels and the like for harnessing renewable kinetic energy from the typically constant flow of water. A concentric wing harnessing module is described in US
2020-0191120, of the same inventor which is demonstrative of a concentric wing or blade of a helicopter or plane used for vertical take-off and horizontal flight. This concentric wing harnessing module may have a set of concentric blades which rotate in the same directions (or two sets of harnessing modules rotating in opposite directions) from a centrally geared shaft at equal speed and create greater torque than other forms of harnessing modules such as waterwheels. Concentric wings, which may be attached to a shaft which is in-line with the flow of water (for example, using a weathervane for correcting the direction of water flow), may be the most efficient harnessing module without counter-active forces.
10028-11 Further, inventor Kyung Soo Han has filed and published U. S.
Published Pat. App.
2018/195582 (the '582 published application) on July 12, 2018, which shows a first version of a renewable energy harnessing module in Figure 1 for a marine hydrokinetic river turbine that harnesses river flow energy that is regulated by a hatch. The hatch of the harnessing module outputs variable rotational speed by the turning of a waterwheel to turn a generating module for generating variable electric frequency output. The waterwheel and generating module together make a combined harnessing module and electricity generator. Figure 6 shows a waterwheel 103 which receives sufficient water flow to turn shafts and gears 615, 620 and 621. Gear 615 is a connecting gear meshing with an unnumbered carrier disc of a left transgear spur or helical gear assembly 613 to an unnumbered carrier disc of a right transgear spur or helical gear assembly 614.
A connecting gear 817 is also shown in Figure 8B and Figure 9B connecting unnumbered carrier discs of a so-called dual spur or helical transgear mechanical rotational speed converter having an unnumbered left transgear and a right transgear 814. The hydrokinetic river turbine or a comparable wind turbine may provide output rotational speed to a first and second spur or helical gear assembly of Figure 9B and of Figure 10 via an input shaft with a right sun gear 815 of shaft 812 of a left transgear spur or helical gear assembly 930 and a left sun gear 816 of an unnumbered right transgear spur or helical gear assembly. Connecting gear 817 (Figures 8B, 9B) and 3.(3i Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 connecting gear 1017 (Figure 10) and 1135 (Figure 11) each connect four unnumbered carrier discs of first and second carrier gears of the first and second spur or helical gear assemblies, but no adjustment assembly is provided for changing the output ratio of a minimum constant input to control motor power component from a 1 to 1 ratio given, for example, by X rpm to -X rpm to another ratio, the only output ratio provided for in the '582 published application. Two further U.
S. Published Pat. App. No.'s 2018/038340 and 2012/299,301 February 8, 2018, and November 29, 2012, may repeat in part the teachings of U. S. Published Pat. App.
2018/195582. In particular, U. S. Published Pat. App. No. 2018/038340 also shows similar Figure 4 (showing output of X
rotational speed given input X + A rpm, Figure 10(B) and 10(C) (connecting gear 1035) of first and second connected spur or helical transgear gear assemblies 400.
[0029] Consequently, there remains a need in the art to provide applications of a combined renewable energy harnessing module (harnessing wind flow or water flow energy) and electricity generator dependent on the variable flow of, for example, a river or tidal estuary to turn a propeller of the harnessing module (or capture sunlight from a solar panel) and its shaft turn an electricity generator at variable frequency, a control module comprising a mechanical speed converter and an electric power generating module to provide a constant value of power at constant electric frequency within a predetermined range of electrical frequencies to a variable load. A renewable energy generating module including a variable speed to constant speed converter assembly such as wind, river or ocean current and tidal devices, that is, a wind turbine or a marine hydrokinetic river or tidal turbine electric power turbine among other possible applications such as solar cells for generating electric power at constant alternating current frequency and voltage for an electric power grid may be used, for example, by a small community, (for example, in developing countries) or in a small industrial plant. Several MH1( turbines may be placed serially or in parallel and power the entire Mississippi river basin. A river turbine may be designed to comprise a hydrokinetic river turbine that may, for example, comprise a specially designed combined renewable energy harnessing and generating module, a control rotational speed converter module and a constant frequency output electricity generator for controlling the output power generated to a constant minimum power and electric frequency level, for example, fifty kW
and at constant frequency such as 50 or 60 Hz or 400 Hz, for example, for 60 Hz (US) within a predetermined range.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 SUMMARY
[0029-1] Certain exemplary embodiments provide a system comprising an energy harnessing module, an output electricity generator, and a control gear assembly comprising first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies s a speed converter for controlling a variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module such that an output of the control gear assembly provides a predetermined minimum constant rotational speed output from the variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module, the control gear assembly outputting the predetermined minimum constant value of rotational speed to the connected output electricity generator connected to the control gear assembly, the connected output electricity generator outputting a predetermined minimum constant value of electricity, a first variable of first, second and third variables of the control gear assembly comprising an input variable, the second variable of the control gear assembly comprising a control variable and the third variable of the control gear assembly comprising an output variable of each of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies, wherein the connected energy harnessing module comprises a combined generating module, the energy harnessing module designed to harness renewable mechanical energy from a variable flow of wind or water, the energy harnessing module requiring sufficient wind flow or a depth and speed of water flow to turn one of a first input shaft or sleeve of the energy harnessing module and the combined generating module at the variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module while the connected output electricity generator outputs a predetermined minimum constant value of electric energy at constant frequency for delivery to a load, wherein each of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assemblies comprises a second input shaft connected to the first input shaft or sleeve of the energy harnessing module for receiving harnessed mechanical rotational speed energy from the first input shaft or sleeve of the energy harnessing module, the first input shaft or sleeve from the energy harnessing module connecting to the second input shaft of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assembly, the first input shaft or sleeve of the energy harnessing module for receiving the variable rotational speed input from one of a variable wind and water flow energy received by the energy harnessing module, the variable rotational speed input optionally being received at the second input shaft of Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the second spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assembly, each of the transgear assemblies delivering a predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component to the output gear of the control gear assembly for driving the connected output electricity generator, wherein the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly comprises a first input gear, the first input gear of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being integral with or connected to the second input shaft of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, the first input gear of the first spur or helical, bevel of miter and ring gear transgear assembly for receiving the harnessed mechanical rotational speed energy from the first input shaft or sleeve of the energy harnessing module, and a control shaft of the first spur or helical gear, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly for receiving a control rotational speed of a shaft of a control motor, an output gear and an output shaft of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly for outputting the predetelinined minimum constant rotational speed to the connected output electricity generator for generating electricity at constant frequency, wherein the system comprises: an adjustment gear assembly comprising an adjustment gear, the adjustment gear meshed with an output gear of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly via an idle gear located between the output sun gear of each transgear assembly and the adjustment gear when the first and second transgear assemblies are spur or helical, or bevel or miter, transgear assemblies, and the adjustment gear directly meshed with an output gear of the first transgear assembly when the first and second transgear assemblies are ring gear transgear assemblies, and the adjustment gear also meshed with a control gear of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly , the adjustment gear for controlling the variable rotational speed input to the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly with respect to the output gear of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly by eliminating a variable rotational speed component from the variable rotational speed input to the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies resulting in the predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component at the output sun gear of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, a control carrier gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly including pins for the first spur or helical and bevel or miter gear transgear assembly, the pins for supporting at least first and second planetary gears meshing with the input gear connected to or integral with the input shaft of the first spur or helical Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 and bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies respectively, an output gear of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being connected to the connected output electricity generator, the first input gear of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being connected to a first control gear of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, the adjustment gear of the adjustment gear assembly connected between a second control gear of the second spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly and the output gear of the first spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring transgear assembly, and a voltage regulator connected to one of the combined generating module of the energy harnessing module and the connected output electricity generator driven by the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter gear and ring gear transgear assemblies, the voltage regulator for determining a control voltage of a control motor of the system, the control motor for providing a control rotational speed to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies, and wherein the adjustment gear determines a difference between the variable rotational speed input component and the predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies speed converters.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
100301 Referring to FIG.' s 10A, 10B and 10C, first and second transgear (to be defined herein) gear assemblies (spur gear or helical gear, bevel gear or miter gear and ring gear transgears) may be assembled in various configurations as a mechanical, rotational speed converter, for example, such that two spur or helical transgear gear assemblies, two bevel or miter transgear gear assemblies or two ring gear transgear gear assemblies may be mechanically connected together in series and include an adjustment gear assembly comprising an adjustment gear (of optionally variable diameter and width) and an optional idle gear which serially meshes with the right sun gear of the first transgear gear assembly and also connects to the carrier, control or first input gear of the second transgear gear assembly. The adjustment gear assembly automatically converts a variable rotational speed output from a renewable energy harnessing module for, for example, capturing wind and water renewable energy to provide a minimum value electric power (so long as output electric power exceeds control power) from an output electricity generator at constant frequency within a predetermined electrical frequency range. The mechanical rotational speed Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 converter may have an input variable rotational speed delivered to an input shaft of the first and second transgear gear assemblies connected by an adjustment gear, an output variable of a desired constant rotational speed delivered by an output gear to the output electricity generator, and a control variable for correcting the variable input rotational speed to the desired minimum constant rotational speed and may comprise a constant rotational speed control output by a control motor that is periodically maintained to rotate within a predetermined rotational speed, for example, by a voltage regulator. The control motor may control the conversion of variable renewable input energy (for example, river and tidal water energy harnessed by the renewable energy harnessing module) into a minimum constant electrical energy at constant electrical frequency which is corrected whenever the constant electrical frequency output deviates from the predetermined desired electrical frequency range or when no minimal input power exceeding the value of power required to run the control motor is reached by the renewable energy harnessing module. For example, a river may freeze, the tides may change direction, a wind farm may receive no wind flow and so on to shut down the operation of the mechanical rotational speed converter. A control motor may be regulated by a voltage regulator to provide a constant rotational speed output to the dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter for generating an electrical advantage at an output electricity generator of constant frequency (fifty Hertz European or sixty Hertz U.S. or 400 Hz aircraft), for example, at a desired minimum value of kilowatts of power for output to a power grid operating at a variable load. The so-constructed wind, river or tidal turbine comprising first and second transgear assemblies may be used in river or tidal estuary applications having a renewable energy harnessing module designed for a particular location such as one on the river or a tidal estuary sufficient to supply, for example, fifty kW of power to an electric grid (if possible) or for local distribution with variable load over time. A tidal estuary reverses water flow twice a day. Consequently, an associated MHK speed converter may be regulated to cease producing electric power at constant frequency at least twice a day with the change of tides when control motor power exceeds output electricity generator power. Other examples of required regulation may comprise conditions of extraordinary weather including freezing of rivers and heavy storms, drought, heavy grid load conditions causing blackouts and brown outs and other conditions. A
voltage regulator may be used in a control system to react to conditions such as low rotational speed generation by a propeller of a wind flow or river flow turbine.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 100311 Embodiments of control systems for renewable energy electric power generation to maintain constant electrical frequency in the presence of a variable electrical load may involve the combination of first and second gear assemblies called dual transgear mechanical gear assemblies (following an electronics analogy to a transistor) as a dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter. The dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter comprising first and second transgear assemblies connected by an adjustment gear or assembly may have a constant speed control motor requiring power from the grid or from generation by the generator of the renewable energy harnessing module and an adjustment gear assembly, the dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter for converting variable rotational speed input from wind flow or water flow respectively causing a propeller or a waterwheel to output constant electrical frequency at the minimum output of an output electricity generator above a predetermined value determined by its exceeding the electric power used by control motor power. A proper adjustment gear assembly, for example, for a first and second spur or helical gear mechanical rotational speed converter is, for example, from negative or positive zero to negative one half to negative or positive one or more times the variation in rotational speed of the input comprising a constant desired minimum speed plus the variation for maintaining an electrical advantage. (Use of one idle gear will change the polarity of the minimum output rotational speed to operate the output electricity generator.) The mathematical logic for an adjustment gear assembly may be based on a feedback and a feed forward control requirement where the feed forward may be from the renewable energy harnessing module indicating its variable value of harnessed renewable mechanical energy and a combined electricity generator evaluated at the output of the generator for feedback of variations in power load that may cause a deviation from a desired frequency such as US 60 Hz. Per FIG. 19, voltage regulator 1915 receives as feed forward the variable renewable electric energy from a renewable energy harnessing module and generating module 1905 and per FIG. 10, voltage regulator 2015 can receive the varying electric power demand on electric grid or load 2050 to regulate voltage operating control motor 2080 to control the variable output provided by harnessing and generating modules 2005-1, 2005-2 and 2005-3 to control motor control variable to properly operate first and second three variable transgear gear assemblies to maintain as constant an electrical frequency as possible at the output of generator 2040. The output of the second transgear three variable gear assembly should be at least a minimum constant X (+ or -) rotational speed component within a predetermined range of revolutions per minute (rpm) without the "delta"
variable speed A rpm of Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the Input #1 shown, for example, in Figure 9 (showing two connected spur or helical gear assemblies) where the renewable energy variable water flow or wind flow input is harnessed by a renewable energy harnessing module 1610 combined with a generating module (shown in FIG.
16A providing its variable rotational speed to speed converter assemblies such as those shown in FIG. 9) as input rotational speed X + A rpm (shown in FIG.'s 9, 11 and 12).
This delta or variation in rotational speed over and above, for example, a desired minimum constant rotational speed X
rpm should be eliminated from the desired minimum output constant rotational speed from a variable input rotational speed harnessed by a renewable energy harnessing module. The minimum constant rotational speed portion X rpm plus the variable "delta"
portion of the input rotational speed is periodically determined according to Key Han's principle to achieve an electrical advantage of output electric power over control electric power (for example, variable renewable energy or grid) power determined by the voltage regulator to properly operate the control motor. See FIG. 17 where control motor power for controlling output frequency (if any) is supplied by the grid versus FIG. 19 or 20 which show control power supplied by one or more renewable energy harnessing modules and generators. Each mechanical rotational speed converter assembly is unique for assigning functions to variables, determining rotational speeds, type of gear assembly, etc. Rivers very rarely stop flowing. On the other hand, wind turbines and tidal turbines frequently have propellers that require a minimum wind flow or water flow velocity to redirect themselves by wind, weather or water vanes into the direction of the wind flow or water flow (for example, tidal flow) and rotate so as to generate electricity for conversion to maintain as constant as possible electric frequency. As will be discussed herein, two spur or helical gear assemblies or two miter or bevel gear assemblies or two ring gear assemblies, each with an adjustment gear assembly may serve to provide a minimum constant rotational speed output to drive an output electricity generator from variable input rotational speed from, for example, wind flow (less dependable source of renewable energy) or water flow (river flow being more dependable than tidal flow which stops water flow twice a day with the changing of the tides) respectively rotating a propeller or a waterwheel of a renewable energy harnessing module.
[0032] Referring briefly to FIG.'s 16A through 16C, a water flow power renewable energy harnessing module may comprise a propeller or a water wheel which turns an input shaft to a generator comprising a rotor rotating about a stator or a stator rotating about a rotor. The harnessing module and generator module of the renewable energy harnessing module may be in Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the form of a propeller, a waterwheel, a paddle wheel, a concentric rotating wing harnessing module or other module designed to harness renewable energy while a generating module may generate electrical energy from the rotational speed of the propeller for use, for example, to power a control motor of a dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter and, more importantly, for providing converted rotational speed into electricity per one of FIG. 17 (grid-powered control motor) and FIG 20 (harnessing module and voltage regulator powered control motor. In one embodiment, the combined renewable energy harnessing module and electricity generator may also apply feed forward of voltage regulated power to one or both of an input motor and a control motor (an input motor and a control motor may be powered as part of the electricity grid) to a first and second transgear mechanical rotational speed converter as will be described herein. As discussed above, feedback from a variable grid or load which is supplied electric power by the speed converters helps a voltage regulator operate a control motor to maintain as constant an electrical frequency as possible to a variable grid or load.
100331 A first and second transgear mechanical rotational speed converter design generally known as connected first and second transgear gear assemblies is guided by the conceptual design of a transistor to have three variables and switch or amplify an electrical (mechanical) signal input. A
further principle discovered during development of a first and second transgear mechanical rotational speed converter comprising first and second transgear assemblies (spur or helical gear, miter or bevel gear and ring gear; see FIG.'s 9, 10A through 10C, 11, 13, 15B
and 15D) is an analogy between Pascal's Principle applicable to a closed hydraulic system having force = pressure multiplied by area where the control force is exceeded by the useable force to what may be referred to as Key Han's principle of rotary motion control or "motionics" (analogous to Pascal's principle of hydraulics), also in a closed (or torque balanced) electro/mechanical system or three variable control system, where mechanical renewable energy power in or electric power out yields the same equation: power = torque multiplied by variable rotational speed, for example, of a propeller of a harnessing module where a control motor power (to maintain a minimum constant electric frequency output) is exceeded by the output electric power utilized by a control motor as variable mechanical power is applied to a renewable energy harnessing module to achieve an electrical advantage at the output of an output electricity generator in conditions of a variable load of an electricity grid.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 [0034] The mechanical rotational speed converter comprising a controlled input or constant speed motor useful, for example, in wind and river/tidal/ocean wave/ocean current (MHK) turbines along with the use of spur or helical gear assemblies of sun gears, sets of planetary gears and carrier gears or discs referred to herein as transgear gear assemblies or dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converters having three variables (input, control and output) or simply first and second connected transgear speed converters may be controlled by a known direct current constant speed motor or an alternating current constant speed control motor. Hatch control of a waterwheel, a paddle wheel, a concentric wing rotating propeller module (harnessing module) or other known renewable energy harnessing module (water) may be needed in tidal estuaries for two directions of high, low and changing tide water flow. Similarly, a horizontal axis wind turbine or an ocean current turbine requires a wind or water vane to point a propeller in the direction of wind flow.
[0035] A hydrokinetic river turbine (river flow being relatively constant in one direction) or a tidal turbine (river flow changing with the tides) may comprise a combined harnessing module and electricity generator, first and second transgear speed converters and an output electricity generator. It is suggested herein to measure waterwheel rotational speeds and developed torque over a period of as short as twice a day (for tides) or as long as a month or more at a specific river location (for example, where the current is swift and the depth of the river is greater than, for example, one meter and twenty centimeters) with an output electricity generator variable electrical load (for example, fifty kilowatts baseline power output) in order to design a combined renewable energy harnessing module and electricity generator, first and second speed converters, output electricity generator closed system that may balance torque and variable rotational speed sufficient to turn the output electricity generator so as to produce a constant value of power at an electrical advantage, for example, fifty kilowatts at a desired constant electrical frequency within a predetermined range. As will be described herein, location on a given river having a narrow or wide width or greater depth than a rocky stream may impede the electric power output and so the system including the harnessing module must be carefully designed.
[0036] In river and tidal MHK turbines, a mechanical speed or frequency converter (the dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter) may be used for the purposes of adjusting the harnessed rotational speed of the input which may be slow or fast depending on the rate of river flow. The harnessed input power of wind flow or water flow should exceed the sum of an applied control power from a control motor and the generated output power. When the output power Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 exceeds the applied control power, there is an electrical advantage according to Key Han's principle.
100371 An embodiment of a mechanical transgear rotational speed converter comprising two speed converters connected by an adjustment gear has been constructed and samples are considered having three variables and different varieties of simpler and more complex forms constructed and tested. These dual transgear rotational speed converter varieties for converting variable rotational speed, for example, of a propeller of a harnessing module to constant rotational speed delivered by a shaft to drive an output electricity generator to provide constant electrical frequency generator output maintained within a predetermined electrical frequency range and voltage control all provide mechanical synchronization of variable input to constant output and efficient mechanical control of rotational speed to provide electrical frequency, for example, output rotational speed, for example, operating at a multiple of 50 Hz (European) or 60 Hz (US) or 400 Hz (aircraft) to generate constant voltage and constant power at constant alternating current frequency and the like in the presence of a variable load of an electrical grid and changing renewable energy harnessing module conditions.
100381 As the three-variable spur or helical gear assembly called a transgear gear assembly has developed over time, the two transgear assemblies may be reduced in complexity to a single mechanical assembly with few moving parts as samples have been constructed and simplified. On the other hand, in this application, it is suggested that two spur or helical gear, two bevel or miter gear, and two ring gear transgear gear assemblies (see Figures 9, 10A, 10B and 10C) be joined by an adjustment gear assembly including components c through g of the dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter embodiment of FIG.'s 9 and/or 11 and/or 12 and/or 22 or 23 to adjust the output rotational speed of the first transgear assembly to be the control for the second transgear assembly and eliminate the variation in input rotational speed to be only its constant speed component X. It is important to note that since a speed converter with, for example, a renewable energy harnessing module converts variable rotational speed to a minimum constant rotational speed and converts constant rotational speed to an output electricity generator so as to maintain as constant an electrical frequency as possible, the variable to constant rotational speed converters of Differential Dynamics may be called a mechanical frequency converter or a "rotary frequency converter" as is called in the industry to differentiate from an electronically controlled variable Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 power converter of a wind turbine or variable frequency converter (VFC) or variable frequency drive (VFD) which are less efficient and less power rated.
[0039] A control gear and electricity generating assembly for controlling variable rotational speed input such that an output of the control gear and electricity generating assembly provides a minimum constant rotational speed output from the variable rotational speed input so that the output electricity generator maintains constant electric frequency in the presence of a variable load, the control gear and electricity generating assembly for outputting a predetermined value of electric energy is disclosed herein. The control gear and electricity generating assembly comprises 1) a combined renewable energy harnessing module (outputs mechanical rotational speed or variable electric power at variable frequency when combined with a generator), first and second transgear rotational speed converters and an output electricity generator together designed to harness renewable energy from the flow of wind (less reliable) or water (or even solar panels per FIG. 21), the renewable energy harnessing module requiring sufficient wind flow to turn a large diameter propeller or a depth and speed of water flow to turn a paddle wheel or a small propeller (due to water's higher inertia), sufficient to capture a predetermined value of constant electric energy for delivery to a variable load; 2) a mechanical rotational speed converter comprising first and second spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear assemblies; and 3) an output electricity generator that generates constant electrical frequency responsive to the mechanical rotational speed converter even with a variable load. The control gear and electricity generating assembly comprises a first and a second transgear rotational speed converter, each transgear rotational speed converter comprising an input shaft for receiving harnessed mechanical energy from the combined renewable energy harnessing module outputting variable rotational speed and an electricity generator which generates variable electric power at different times of the day (during sun light, during high winds, when there is no drought condition or water flow insufficient to turn a waterwheel). For example, a solar panel can only generate a minimum amount of power for times of the day when the sun is shining or a hydrokinetic water turbine or tidal turbine only when there is water flow at a predetermined minimum velocity of water flow. The first and second transgear mechanical rotational speed converters comprise one of first and second spur or helical gear assemblies, first and second bevel or miter gear assemblies and first and second ring gear assemblies. An input shaft from the energy harnessing module to the associated electricity generator module may receive a variable rotational speed input from one of wind flow and water Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 flow energy; a renewable energy harnessing module of the control gear and associated output electricity generator outputs a variable rotational speed from its electricity generator in response to a feed forward value of variable power at variable frequency to a voltage regulator for regulating control motor output to the first and second speed converters and drives an output electricity generator so as to maintain a minimum constant electric power X that exceeds control power of the first and second speed converters. A constant rotational speed to an output electricity generator strives to output electricity at constant frequency which may be adjusted for varying load conditions by the control motor generating a control variable to adjust an adjustment gear assembly in response to the feed forward variable value of rotational speed and harnessed energy output of the renewable energy harnessing module.
[0040] The input shaft of the first transgear mechanical rotational speed converter and/or an input shaft of the second transgear mechanical rotational speed converter may have a left sun gear or a right sun gear for receiving an input and a right or left sun gear respectively for outputting a constant rotational speed to drive an output electricity generator at constant electrical frequency when Key Han's principle is applied to obtain an electrical advantage. The left sun gear or the right sun gear typically meshes with a pair of planetary gears such that each planetary gear typically has a width greater than that of an input shaft left sun gear, and a control carrier gear (see carrier gears 306-1 and 306-2 shaped as discs) and adjustment gear assembly (see FIG.' s 9, 10A-C, 11, 15B and 16B) for controlling the input with respect to the output by Key Han's principle by eliminating a variable rotational speed component from the variable input rotational speed to the combined renewable energy harnessing module and output electricity generator resulting in a minimum constant output rotational speed X of the first and second transgear speed converters so an output electricity generator may maintain a constant electricity frequency to a variable load via an adjustment gear assembly's operation. The control gear and electricity generating assembly having first and second spur or helical gear assemblies may comprise a pair of carrier gears of each of the first and second transgear spur or helical gear assemblies including pins for supporting at least first and second planetary gears meshing with the input sun gear and with each other for meshing with the output sun gear respectively. The first input sun gear of the first transgear assembly connects to a control carrier gear and an adjustment gear assembly connecting the first and second spur or helical transgear assemblies. The output sun gear of the second spur or helical gear assembly automatically produces a constant rotational output speed from the variable input Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 speed by eliminating the variable component of the input rotational speed according to Key Han's principle, the first and second transgear spur or helical gear assemblies forming a Control gear and electricity generating assembly. The adjustment gear assembly may be located between the first and second transgear assemblies and determines a difference between a variable input rotational speed and a desired minimum constant output rotational speed of the control gear and electricity generating assembly. As will be discussed herein with respect to the graph of FIG. 13, a control power line graph 1365 per Key Han's principle is crossed by an output electric power line graph 1375 such that, if the output rotational torque and power exceeds that of the control power line graph 1365 related to a graph of output power 1375, an electrical advantage is achieved at line crossing 1370 greater than a baseline or minimum value of electric output power as discussed above depending on different conditions such as daylight, tidal changes, ocean wave intensity and wind flow velocity (if any) and direction. It is also useful if the input power 1360 is as efficiently utilized as possible and may be brought closer vertically to the output power by improving a chain of mechanics between the renewable energy harnessing module and the output electricity generator.
[0041] referring to FIG. 16A, a renewable energy harnessing module and electricity generating module for harnessing one of wind flow and water flow energy may generate electricity at variable alternating current frequency simultaneously with providing variable rotational speed via one of a shaft and a sleeve To first and second transgear spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear assemblies. The energy harnessing module may comprise one of a permanent magnet rotor having a shaft rotating within a stator coil and a permanent magnet rotor having a sleeve external to a stator coil mounted to a shaft, the sleeve rotating about the stator coil shaft. Figures 12, 22 and 23 are mechanically connected to the renewable energy harnessing module to provide rotational speed output to an output electricity generator of one of FIG.' s 16B and 16C.
100421 These and other embodiments will be described with respect to the drawings, a brief description of which follows.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0043] There follows below a brief description of the drawings comprising Figures 1 through 23.
The brief description of the drawings is followed by a Detailed Description.
[0044] Figure 1 is a depiction of the concept of a rotary frequency converter showing constant rotational speed motor 102 that may be driven by constant electrical frequency connected by a Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 constant rotational speed shaft for turning an alternating current generator 104 to output a desired electrical frequency at output 106 in Hertz such as 50 Hz (European) (X), 60 Hz (US) (Y) and 400 Hz (Z) (used, for example, to power equipment in airplanes and ships). A
certain constant electrical frequency motor 102 rotational speed X, Y or Z output 106 of motor 102 driving an alternating current generator 104 provides a certain constant alternating current frequency output (given no use of a renewable energy harnessing module which must react to changes in harnessed renewable mechanical energy such as tidal changes, sunlight changes, wind flow and water flow direction and wind flow or water flow speed changes, freezing rivers and drought (insufficient water flow)) or changes in electrical load. Per FIG. 1, the concept of a rotary frequency generator is that a certain constant control motor 102 speed plus an electricity generator 104 driven by a shaft and gears connecting them can maintain a certain minimum constant electric frequency at generator 104 output 106. Desirably a predetermined minimum mechanical power of a harnessing module, for example, per harnessing module 1610 of FIG. 16A exceeds power utilized by a control motor taken from the grid or produced by a renewable energy harnessing module which harnesses the predetermined minimum mechanical power and outputs constant electrical frequency at output electricity generator as will be discussed further herein.
100451 Figure 2 shows a number of different means for producing a constant mechanical rotational speed and a constant electrical frequency output. Figure 2 shows a comparison among dual transgear mechanical speed converters for wind flow or water flow (marine hydrokinetic MHK) turbines 210, 216, 220, 226, 230, certain electrical energy sources 200 comprising dams, coal, natural gas and nuclear, and known rotary frequency converters 202, the energy sources running hydroelectric dams, coal fueled turbines, natural gas fueled turbines and nuclear fueled turbines 200. Electrical energy sources 200 produce or harness variable energy 212 such that per 214 variable (renewable) energy + an energy converter may produce constant energy;
constant energy in turn plus a turbine can yield a constant turbine output speed 218; and a (turbine) plus a generator can equal a constant frequency electrical output 224 via electricity generator 230 to an output.
These electrical energy sources 200 may be combined with water or marine hydrokinetic turbines 210 to provide an electricity generator 230 outputting an output electric power which may or may not utilize renewable energy sources (except hydroelectric dams). Rotary frequency converter 202 and electricity generator 230 show the concept of a constant frequency turbine 224 or speed converter 226 combined with a rotary frequency converter 202 Drive an electricity generator 230 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 to achieve a constant minimum desired frequency electricity at the output of the electricity generator 230. The outputs of turbine 224, speed converter 226, and motor 202 are the constant rotational speed providers and the rotary frequency converter 202 converts constant rotational speed to constant frequency at electricity generator 230 which frequency will be seen to maintain close to constant frequency if an energy harnessing module such as a waterwheel harnesses enough water flow energy to turn a shaft between, for example, motor 102 of Figure 1 and output constant electricity frequency at generator 104 output 106, and electrical load of a grid does not change.
[0046] A known transistor may be defined as "a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical signal power. It is composed of semiconductor material usually with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit." The electronic transistor is analogous to the definition of a mechanical transgear rotational speed converter comprising spur or helical gears, bevel or miter gears or ring gears per Figures 5A-5C
discussed further herein Having three variables individually and in combination with a second speed converter. A transgear is defined as a mechanical device analogous to an electronic transistor that may be used to amplify rotational speed or switch rotary direction of motion (for example, clockwise to counter-clockwise). A transgear comprising different types of gear assemblies (shown in FIG.'s 3A, 3B
(spur or helical), FIG.'s 4A through 4C (spur or helical), FIG.'s 5A through 5C (FIG. 5A showing spur gear or helical gear assemblies) (FIG. 5B showing bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies) (FIG. 5C showing a ring gear transgear assembly) is respectively shown in the drawings. FIG. 5A
consists of gears usually with at least three mechanical gear connections to a source of rotational speed such as a motor 102 which may be a control motor to maintain constant frequency or a renewable energy harnessing module and three variables such as variable input rotational speed, a control variable to control the variable input rotational speed to a minimum constant rotational speed and an output variable of constant rotational speed in revolutions per minute which output of constant rotational speed is converted to constant frequency electricity by an electricity output generator.
[0047] The definition of a known transistor compares to a definition of the operation of a mechanical transgear rotational speed converter as a mechanical device that may increase or decrease rotational speed or switch rotary direction of motion. A transgear consists of at least three gears, a first gear for receiving an input rotational speed and direction, a second gear for receiving a control rotational speed and direction and a third gear for receiving an output rotational Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 speed and direction, the output third gear usually for connection , for example, to provide constant rotational speed to an output electricity generator for generating electrical power at constant frequency that may be easily derived from the output rotational speed of the first and second connected transgear rotational speed converters of the present invention.
[0048] Figures 3A and 3B show a perspective view and a cut view schematic respectively of a basic transgear spur or helical gear mechanical rotational speed converter transgear comprising three variables, for example, a left sun gear first variable 302 connected with or integral to an unnumbered shaft of FIG. 3B for variable rotational speed input from a source of rotational speed per FIG. 3B such as a renewable energy harnessing module, first and second carrier gears 306-1, 306-2 comprising a second variable for, for example, variable rotational speed input control, the carrier gears having pins for rotating first and second planetary gears 308-1, 308-2 which are meshed together and a third variable comprising the right sun gear 304, for, for example, controlling output rotational speed (to a constant). The first and second planetary gears 308-1, 308-2 are seen meshed together in perspective view Figure 3A. A planetary gear 308-2 may be seen meshing with right sun gear 304 in FIG. 3B as an output variable such as a minimum constant rotational output speed provided by the right sun gear 304. It will be demonstrated herein that first and second connected transgear assemblies by an adjustment assembly or adjustment gear may maintain a constant minimum rotational speed output to an output electricity generator to maintain a desired constant minimum electrical frequency even in the presence of a varying electrical load.
On the other hand, tidal changes, wind direction changes, sunsets and the like can shut down an output electricity generator from maintaining the desired constant minimum electrical frequency output.
[0049] Figures 4A through 4C show how input, output and control functions may be differently assigned to the three variables of a spur or helical gear assembly transgear shown in Figures 3A
and 3B. Referring to Figure 4A, the input variable rotational speed in a spur gear or helical gear transgear assembly may be assigned to carrier gear (or disc) 406-1; control assigned to left sleeve and sun gear 402-1; and output assigned to right sun gear 404-2. In FIG. 4B, the input variable may be assigned to right Sleeve and sun gear 404-2, the control variable may be assigned to left sleeve and sun gear 402-2, and the output variable to right sun gear 404-2.
Referring to Figure 4C, the input variable may be also assigned to right sun gear and sleeve 404-3;
the control variable may be assigned to carrier 406-3 and the output variable may be assigned to left sleeve and sun Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 gear 402-3, but notice that, between Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C, the functions of control and output are reversed, control from left sun gear 402-2 to carrier gears/discs 406-3 and output from carriers 406-2 to left sun gear/sleeve 402-3. Also, Fig. 4C may be reversed and assigned oppositely such that left sun gear 402-3 is assigned as the input variable and right sun gear 404-3 is assigned as the output variable while the control variable remains the same, assigned to carriers 406-3.
[0050] Fig. 5A through 5C show three different transgear mechanical gear assemblies, each having three variables, left sun gears 502-1, 502-2 integral with input shaft 501-1 respectively provide input to the spur/helical gear transgear assembly of FIG. 5A and the bevel/miter gear transgear assembly of FIG. 5B. Referring to FIG. 5C, the ring gear transgear assembly input ring gear 502-3 is integral with input shaft 503-1. Right sun gear, sleeve, sun gear 504-3 is an output variable gear ( FIG. 5C). Thus, sun gear 504-3 is an output gear of ring gear assembly (FIG. 5C). Carrier gears 506-1, 506-2 (FIG. 5A and 5B) and planetary gears 508-1a, 508-lb (FIG.
5A) are control gears for controlling variable input rotational speed. Referring to FIG. 5C, output right sun gear, sleeve, sun gear 504-3; ring gear 502-3 integral with input shaft 503-1 is the input variable; and carrier gear 506-3, planetary gears 508-3a, 508-3b are control gears shown as cross-hatched discs and pins for meshed planetary gears 508-3a, 508-3b seen in ring gear transgear assembly (Fig.
5C). Fig. 5A of a spur or helical gear assembly has already been introduced in Figures 3A and 3B
and Figures 4A through 4C. The function of input, control and output assignment to variables is shown and described in Figures 4A through 4C. Fig. 5B shows a bevel or miter gear assembly comprising input left sun gear 502-1, control carrier gear 506-2, control planetary gears 508-2a, 508-2b and output right sun gear 504-2. Fig. 5C shows an embodiment of a ring gear integral with input shaft 503-1 (internal gear 502-3). The ring gear transgear assembly of FIG. 5C comprises a ring gear 502-3 (integral or connected to an input shaft 503-1) as an input variable. Control carrier gear/disc 506-3 and planetary gears 508-3a and 508-3b comprise a control variable for controlling variable rotational input speed received at input shaft 503-1 and a right sun gear, sleeve, sun gear 504-3 surrounding input shaft 503-1 and meshed with planetary gears 508-3a, and 508-3b which are meshed with ear other comprise an output variable. Planetary gears shown in each transgear mechanical rotational speed converter are idle gears and are supported by pins in the transgear mechanical rotational speed converters of spur or helical mechanical speed converter Fig. 5A, bevel or miter gear transgear mechanical speed converter of Fig. 5B and ring gear transgear assembly Fig. 5C. An idle gear (or idler) may be defined as "a gear wheel that is inserted between Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 two or more other gear wheels". The purpose of an idle gear (idler) can be two-fold. Firstly, one idle gear insertion may change the direction of rotation of the output in relation to an input rotation direction. Secondly, an idle gear can assist to reduce the size of the input or output gears while maintaining the spacing of the input and output function shaft or gear assignments To the three variables. A ring gear assembly, per FIG. 5C, used, for example, for automotive transmissions has a ring gear integral with or connected to input shaft 503-1 and a control carrier gear 506-3 with unnumbered pins and planetary gears 508-3a, 508-3b that rotate around input shaft 501-3.
Planetary gears 508-3a and 508-3b mesh with output sun, sleeve, sun gear 504-3 and with input ring gear 502-3. A spur or helical transgear mechanical rotational speed converter per FIG. 5A has left sun gear 502-1 integral with input shaft 501-land right output sun gear 504-1, and at least a carrier gear assembly 506-1, and a set of planetary gears 508-la and 508-lb similarly rotate around input shaft 501-1. A bevel or miter gear assembly of FIG. 5B has a left sun gear 502-2 which is integral with or connected to input shaft 502-1 and an output right sun gear 504-2 which rotates around input shaft 502-1 as an output, but the planetary gears 508-2a, 508-2b which each comprise one gear are rotating in different orbits And are respectively meshed with input left sun gear 502-2 and output right sun gear 504-2. Instead of identifying idle gears as planetary gears, it would be simpler if we say transgear mechanical rotational speed converters have idle gears referred to herein as planetary gears.
100511 Figures 6A through 6C show various methods of modifying a mechanical input to output rotational speed ratio of a spur or helical transgear assembly of FIG. 6A by extending control carrier gears 606-2 in FIG. 6B, for example, by changing diameters of left sun gear 602-2 integral with input shaft 601-2 gears assigned to input functions in two of the three different spur or helical gear transgear gear assemblies of FIG.'s 6B and 6C shown. In Fig. 6A, the diameters of the left sun gear 602-1 and the left sun gear left of the sleeve to right sun gear 604-1 are the same and may be assigned input and output functions respectively. Fig.'s 6B and 6C show how input to output rotational speed to electrical frequency ratios may be changed by modifying the diameter of the input left sun gear 602-2 integral with input shaft 601-2. Fig. 6B shows an enlarged input left sun gear 602-2 (compared with left sun gear 602-1 of Fig. 6A) having a diameter larger than the output right sun gear of sun gear/sleeve/sun gear 604-2 and changing the input to output rotational speed ratio by relocating the pin 610-2a and supported planetary gear 608-2a.
Planetary gear 608-2b supported by pin 610-2a meshes with the right sun gear 604-2 and planetary gear 608-2a meshes Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 with the upper (first) planetary gear 608-2a. Planetary gear 608-2b and the pin 610-2b remain the same distance from input shaft 601-2 as input shaft 601-1 in Fig 6A. Fig. 6C
also shows that the diameter of the input left sun gear 602-3 integral with input shaft 601-3 is larger than the diameter of the output right sun gear/sleeve/sun gear 604-3. But the input to output rotational speed ratio may also be changed further by modifying the structure of the lower (second) planetary gear 608-3b supported by pin 610-3b that meshes with the upper (first) planetary gear 608-3a and the output right sun gear 604-3 per FIG. 6C. The planetary gear 608-3b known in the art as a split gear has two different diameters. A left side diameter of planetary gear 608-3b is smaller than a right-side diameter of planetary gear 608-3b, and the pin 610-3b is relocated so that planetary gear 608-3b can be meshed to the right sun gear 604-3. The smaller left side diameter of planetary gear 608-3b meshes with the upper planetary gear 608-3a. The larger right-side diameter of planetary gear 608-3b meshes with the right sun gear 604-3. The diameters of the right sun gear 604-1, 604-2 and 604-3 are kept the same in all three figures to clarify the comparisons. This discussion is important to an understanding of the varying diameters of one or more gears of an adjustment gear assembly 1060-3 of a ring gear assembly 1020-3 of FIG. 10C or a large diameter adjustment gear 1060-3 and a diameter of an output right sun gear 1050-3 meshing with an enlarged output sun gear of the first and second transgear ring gear assemblies with a planetary gear 1012-3a and 1012-3b between the output sun gear 1050-3a of the first transgear assembly 1020-3 and adjustment gear 1060-3.
100521 Figures 7A through 7C show various methods of modifying an input to output rotational speed ratio of a bevel or miter gear assembly, for example, by changing the diameters of the left gear 702-1 integral with input shaft 701-1 and output right sun gear 704-1 which surrounds input shaft 701-2 from having equal diameters in Fig. 7A (input left gear 702-1) to having different diameters in FIG.'s 7B and 7C where the integral input left gears 702-2, 702-3 with inputs shafts 701-2 and 701-3 have larger diameters than the output right sun gears 704-2, 704-3 which have the same diameters in Fig.'s 7B and 7C respectively. Fig's. 7B and 7C show a further way of changing input to output rotational speed ratio by changing the shape of planetary gears 708-2a and 708-3b of the assembly of Figs. 7B and 7C to being double tiered. Left gears 702-2 (input) and 702-3 have also been modified to accommodate the two-tiered shape of the planetary gears 708-2a, 708-2b, 708-3a, and 708-3b. The shape of control carrier gears 706-1, 706-2 and 706-3 is the same in all three figures but may have a vertical length to accommodate the differently shaped planetary gears and input left gears.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 [0053] Figures 8A through 8C show various methods of modifying an input to output rotational speed ratio of a ring gear transgear assembly, for example, by enlarging the diameters or shapes of the planetary gears 808-2a/b, 808-3a/b of Fig.'s 8B and 8C in comparison with the planetary gears 808-1a/b of Fig. 8A. The ring gear transgear assembly of Fig. 8C more specifically shows modifying the planetary gears 808-3a and 808-3b by structuring the planetary gears as unnumbered split gears to have different diameters (double-tiered gears) between left and right sides, the right side diameter meshing with output sun gear 802-3 being larger than the left side diameter which meshes with the control ring gear 804-3. The control ring gear internal diameters of ring gears 804-2, 804-3 are increased in Fig's 8B and 8C over the internal diameter of control ring gear 804-1 in Fig. 8A because the meshing diameters of planetary gears 808-2a/b of Fig. 8B
and split planetary gears 808-3a and 808-3b of Fig. 8C have been increased compared with the smaller diameters of planetary gears 808-1a/b of Fig. 8A. The diameters of the output sun gear 802-1, 802-2, 802-3 are kept the same in all three figures.
[0054] FIG. 8D shows a typical ring gear transgear assembly having an input shaft 810-4, a control ring gear 804-4 with an enlarged diameter surrounding input shaft 810-4, a meshed control carrier gear/disc 806-4, unnumbered pins supporting enlarged planetary gears 808-4a, 808-4b, and an output sun gear 802-4 surrounding input shaft 810-4 for outputting a minimum constant rotational speed. Rotational speed of the gears S (sun), R (ring), C (carrier) of a ring gear transgear assembly in rpm are calculated by including the respective diameters s, r, and c of the gears obtaining the formulae where carrier rotational speed C = (Ss + Rr) / (C + r) in rpm; output sun gear speed S =
[C (s + r) ¨ Rr] / s and control ring gear speed R = [C (s + r) ¨ Ss] / r in rpm. Planetary gears 804-4a and 804-4b are idle gears and do not impact input to output speed ratio directly; however, by changing the size of planetary gear diameter, the ring gear diameter will be varied accordingly and modify the input to output speed ratio indirectly.
[0055] Figure 9 shows a spur or helical gear first and second transgear mechanical rotational speed converter of first and second optionally connected spur or helical gear transgears by an optional input shaft extension 907 between input shaft 910 to first transgear 912 and input shaft 960 to second transgear 914 and equations for the first connected spur or helical gear transgear assembly 912 having three variables, namely, first rotational speed variable Input #1 910 (Input Shaft): Input #1 = X + A rpm to the first optionally connected transgear 912; second rotational speed variable Control #1 carrier 920: Control #1 = X/2 rpm; and third rotational speed variable Output #1 930 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 (unnumbered output sun gear) of first transgear assembly 912 connected to adjustment function 965: Output #1 = - A rpm (930) and for the second connected transgear spur or helical gear assembly 914 also having three variables, namely, optional second rotational speed Input #2 960 via the optional input extension shaft 907: Input #2 = X + A rpm to the input shaft 960 of spur/helical transgear #2 914; for the Control #2 950 (a carrier gear, pin and planetary gear assembly 950): Control #2 = A /2 rpm; for the Output sun gear #2 970 of transgear assembly 914:
Output #2 = -X rpm. The equations also include an equation for adjustment gear assembly 965, namely, Adjustment = - A rpm received at input to assembly 965 adjusted to A/2 rpm at output to carrier gear 950 of the second transgear assembly 914 according to a basic spur gear transgear assembly rule where C is a rotational speed of a carrier gear, L is a rotational speed of a left sun gear and R is a rotational speed of a right sun gear of either the first or the second connected spur or helical gear assembly 912, 914: C = (L + R) / 2 or L = 2C ¨R or R = 2C ¨ L
rpm. Let us assume that the input #1 910 to the first connected spur or helical gear transgear mechanical speed converter is Input #1 = X + A rpm where X is a minimum constant rotational input speed component X determined by measuring variable rotational speed of a waterwheel or propeller and renewable energy harnessing module of a hydrokinetic river turbine over time, for example, on a daily basis (a wind flow and direction of tidal water flow determined more frequently) and subtracting control power according to Key Han's principle as explained later herein and A rpm represents the variable change in rotational speed of shaft rotation from a minimum constant value X rpm of the first and second input shafts 910, 960 optionally connected by extension 907 (with to some increased value (for example, when wind flow or water flow rotational speed increases above a minimal constant value turning a harnessing module at a faster rotational speed, for example, due to weather patterns) and the left sun gear of the first optionally connected transgear spur or helical gear assembly 912 and left sun gear of the second optionally connected transgear spur or helical gear assembly 914, both assemblies being optionally connected to one another and both rotating at X + A rpm. The control #1 carrier 920 rotational speed of the first (left) spur gear transgear assembly is Control #1 = X/ 2 or half the determined minimum constant input rotational speed X rpm. The unnumbered right sun gear, sleeve, sun gear output rotational speed is output to an adjustment 965 based on the adjustment gear assembly 965 to be discussed later herein. The Output #1 930 or unnumbered output right sun gear output of the first spur gear transgear assembly 912 is calculated as Output #1 = 2 (X / 2) ¨ (X + A) = - A rpm (930) which is passed to the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 adjustment gear assembly 965. In other words, the first optionally connected transgear 912 via an optional input shaft extension 907 has adjusted the variable speed component at Output #1 930 and changed the direction of positive input #1 A to - A of Input #1. The adjustment gear assembly 940 may, for example, adjust the Output #1 by ¨ A to A / 2. In other words, it may change the negative variable speed - A which was output by the first optionally connected spur or helical mechanical rotational speed converter 912 to + A / 2 and pass + A /2 to the carrier 950 Control #2 of the second connected spur or helical gear transgear rotational speed converter 914. The input 960 to the second connected spur or helical transgear rotational speed converter, regardless of the optional extension 907, is necessarily equal to the input to the first connected spur or helical gear transgear rotational speed converter 912 in Figure 9 or Input #2 = X + A
(960). The output 970 of the second optionally connected spur or helical gear transgear rotational speed converter 914 is calculated as Output #2 = 2 (A / 2)¨ (X + A) = - X rpm. So what we have proven is that a constant rotational speed plus a variable rotational speed input 910, 960 of X + A rpm has been corrected, for example, due to the variable rotational speed provided by a waterwheel or propeller of a renewable energy harnessing module to be a constant rotational speed output of -X rpm (where it does not matter that the output is rotating in the opposite direction from the input). The constant rotational speed output of transgear #2 of -X rpm has no variable rotational speed component A
rpm and may be input to an output electricity generator (not shown). The output electricity generator may have an input shaft rotating at ¨ X rpm constant rotational speed and produce a constant electrical frequency output such as 50 Hz (European) or 60 Hz (US) or 400 Hz or any desirable output electrical frequency responsive to a varying rotational speed input by the renewable energy harnessing module so long as the characteristic daily behavior and weather conditions do not cause an inability to produce a rotational speed of X rpm such as tidal conditions, problems with wind speed and direction and sunset. Conditions at a wind farm may vary such that there may be no wind turbines generating any electricity when there is no wind and, when the wind is blowing constantly as during a storm, there may be a long duration of constant electric frequency, for example, at 60 Hz and high electric power output of the wind farm.
[0056] Figures 10A through 10C show three variations of a mechanical variable to constant rotational speed converter each having a different adjustment gear assembly 1060-1, 1060-2, 1060-3 connected between first and second transgear gear assemblies. Fig. 10A shows first and second connected spur or helical transgear mechanical rotational speed assemblies where first transgear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 #11020-1 comprises variable speed input X + A rpm 1010-1 (including a constant rotational speed component X) to input shaft 1010-1, control 1040-1 to carrier gears or discs assembly 1040-1 (cross-hatched in a similar manner throughout except planetary gears 1008-1a, 1008-1b), and a first output sun gear 1003-1 meshed with an unnumbered idle gear meshed to adjustment gear 1060-1, the adjustment gear 1060-1 providing a controlled input rotational speed to a control carrier gear 1045-1 of transgear #2 1030-1 which provides a minimum constant rotational output speed (-X) in rpm at output gear 1050-1 of the second connected transgear assembly #2 1030-1 in response to a variable rotational speed input (X + A) from a renewable energy harnessing module (shown, for example, in FIG. 16A). The input shaft 1010-1 integral with input sun gear 1015-1 may deliver input variable rotational speed (X + A) rpm to both integral left sun gears 1015-1, 1015-2 of transgear #11020-1 and transgear #2 1030-1. Control carrier gear 1040-1 controls the variable rotational speed input to transgear assembly #11020-1 and transgear assembly #2 1030-1. Rotational speed input X + A rpm at input shaft integral sun gear 1015-1 to input shaft 1010-1 and is output by integral input sun gear 1015-1 to be controlled by control carrier gear 1040-1. A
minimum constant output rotational speed (-X rpm) is provided to output sun gear 1050-1 of transgear #2 1030-1 having been transferred via a planetary gear 1008-la of control 1045-1. The output 1050-1 of -X is converted to the minimum output rotational speed -X rpm at output 1050-1 sun gear. The rotational speed output of the second transgear assembly 1030-1, transgear #2 is via output gear 1050-1 and is maintained to a predetermined constant electrical frequency range at an output electricity generator per FIG. 16A by control 1040-1 so long as there are no impediments such as tidal changes, lack of wind, sunset or other factors which may cause, for example, a steady river current to cause river flow energy to fall below the predetermined value (-X), for example, due to extraordinary drought conditions. Fig. 10B shows first and second connected bevel or miter transgear mechanical rotational speed converters transgear #1 1020-2 and transgear #2 1030-2 joined by adjustment gear 1060-2 having a greater width than adjustment gear 1060-1 but the same diameter due to the larger size of a bevel or miter transgear. Planetary gears 1008-2a, 1008-2b surround control carrier gear 1040-2. Output sun gear 1003-2 meshes with an idle gear which meshes with adjustment gear 1060-2. Transgear #11020-2 has a variable speed Input 1010-2 X +
A rpm (including a desired minimum constant rotational speed component X rpm), a carrier gear control 1040-2 surrounding input shaft 1010-2, and transgear #2 1030-2 provides a desired minimum constant rotational speed output 1050-2 at output gear 1050-2 as long as the output Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 rotational speed exceeds the predetermined minimum value of -X at output sun gear 1050-1.
Planetary gears 1008-2a, 1008-2b respectively surround control carrier gear 1040-2. Control carrier gear 1045-2 and 1045-3 mesh respectively with adjustment gears 1060-2 and 1060-3. As in Fig. 10A, the input 1010-2 shaft is connected to both first and second bevel/miter gear assemblies 1020-2 and 1030-2. Fig. 10C shows first and second ring gear transgear assemblies:
transgear #11020-3 and transgear #2 1030-3. Ring transgear assembly #1 has a variable input rotational speed (X + A rpm) at Input 1010-3 (input shaft) (including a minimum constant rotational speed component X) to integral input sun gear 1017-1 and a control of first ring gear 1040-3a (control carrier gear 1040-3b for the second ring gear assembly) whose output to adjustment 1060-3 is received at output sun gear or output 1050-3. The same minimum constant plus variable rotational speed Input 1010-3 X + A rpm is provided to both ring gear transgear assemblies 1020-3 and 1030-3 by a common input shaft 1010-3. A desired minimum constant output rotational speed -X is provided at Output 1050-3 sun gear with the input variation in input rotational speed eliminated by control 1040-3 unless there is detected a lesser value, for example, due to a drought condition of a river or stream. Planetary gears 1011-3a and 1011-3b form part of input carrier 1012-1 and planetary gears 1012-3a, 1012-3a form part of input carrier gear 1045-3b.
Output sun gear 1003-3a meshes directly with adjustment gear 1060-3 (no idle gear between). The purpose of any adjustment gear assembly is to automatically make the "A"
(variation from a desired constant rotational speed X) zero so that output is a minimum constant rotational speed X
(or -X) rpm depending on the circumstances such as tidal changes, weather changes including freezing rivers (or drought) and changes in wind flow direction or speed.
Notice that the adjustment gear 1060-3 has a large diameter and may mesh with a large diameter unnumbered output sun gear with no intervening idle gear. The right diameter of adjustment gear 1060-3 is less than the input left diameter. This is analogous to a split adjustment gear 1060-3 which is a feature of FIG. 10C. Refer again to Figure 9 for the exemplary calculations for an adjustment between output of the first spur gear assembly and control #2 assigned to carrier of the second, right spur gear assembly. This means, the output can generate 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 400 Hz or other desirable electrical frequency whether a shaft extension is used or not as long as the first and second transgear assemblies are connected by an adjustment gear. Also keep in mind that in an alternative embodiment that the predetermined output X rpm can vary from zero (no electrical advantage) to a designed maximum range depending on the harnessed power less the control power. If the Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 control rotational speeds vary accordingly: thus, the output can be varied from zero to the minimum predetermined rotational speed to a designed maximum rotational speed when a first and second transgear speed converter adjustment gear such as adjustment gear 1060-3 is used to connect the first and second assemblies together, for example, for infinitely variable transmissions (IVTs) and infinitely variable compressors (A/Cs and Refrigerators).
[0057] Figure 11 respectively provides a schematic diagram of a mechanical first and second spur or helical gear transgear speed converter and a key showing names of components "a" through "i"
labeled in Figure 11 as an example of one alternative adjustment gear "f"
1140. Figure 11 shows a variable rotational speed input X + A rpm provided at Input 1110 (input shaft) received at integral left sun gear #1 (input "a"), a Control 1120 comprising carrier gears cross-hatched except first and second meshed planetary gears (unnumbered) and output (-X) 1160 (right sun gear "i") as Output -X rpm at "i" right sun gear #2 (output) eliminating variable A rpm given an Adjustment 1140 comprising components "c", "d", "e", "f", "g" per the key for adjusting or removing variations in input rotational speed from variable input rotational speed (X + A rpm) 1110 by the first and second spur or helical transgear assemblies. (Component "c" is the same right sun gear as component "d"
which is the output gear of right sun gear #1 of the first spur/helical gear assembly of the first transgear gear assembly 1125 which meshes with idle gear component "e". Note that Figure 11 has a common shaft that connects the two spur gear transgear assemblies together so that left sun gear #1 labeled "a" shares the common input shaft 1110 with left sun gear #2 labeled "h".
[0058] The mathematics behind converting a variable rotational speed input comprising a minimum constant speed X rpm (1800 rpm) plus a variable rotational speed A rpm (varying from 0 rpm to 3600 rpm) to a desired minimum constant rotational speed output -X
(or a fraction or multiple of X) eliminates the variable speed portion A of the input at a rotational speed of X + A
rpm received from a renewable energy harnessing module per FIG.'s 16A, 16B and 16C of embodiments of harnessing modules and their use with generators. These calculations are made just for three selected speeds of variable rotational speed: 0 rpm, 1800 rpm and 3600 rpm input and do not take into consideration that the so-called minimum constant speed component X may not be met as well due to tidal, wind variations in flow and direction, rivers freezing, drought conditions and the like, but the output i is constant X (+ or -) which may be a minimum value that does not provide an electrical advantage due to the need for a control motor power to maintain the minimum constant value of X above a value that is non-zero. The variable mechanical rotational Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 speed inputs A rpm among 0 rpm. 1,800 rpm and 3,600 rpm with A have been automatically eliminated for all variable input speeds from 1,800 rpm to 3,600 rpm using the transgear rule: C ¨
(L + R) / 2 yields R = 2C ¨ L which yields c = 2b ¨ a and i = 2g ¨ h in rpm per the Key Han's principle following FIG. 11. If the rotational speed input varies, for example, between 800 and 1600 rpm, the control input will not vary if the output electric load is constant. If the output electric load varies by increasing then the control input will decrease and will have to input more control power to maintain a minimum constant electric frequency output and vice versa.
[0059] FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention which was constructed as a working prototype to show first and second spur or helical gear transgear assemblies 1280 and 1285 connected by adjustment gear 1270. An input shaft 1260 delivers mechanical rotational speed X + A rpm to each spur/helical transgear assembly 1280, 1285. Input shaft 1260 provides an equivalent input rotational speed to both input shaft 1290 of first transgear assembly 1280 and input shaft 1295 to second transgear assembly 1285.When an input of a minimum constant rotational speed X, where X, for example, may be a minimum constant 1,800 rpm, this value of X
as an input may produce output among -0 rpm, -900 rpm and -1800 rpm by changing the Control variable b (Figure 11) here an input control speed of X rpm as a control provided as a control mechanical rotational speed output of a control motor, not shown, of the first spur gear transgear assembly 1280 at any rotational speed between 0 rpm, 450 rpm and 900 rpm to vary the mechanical rotational speed of input shaft 1290, input 1291 and input shaft 1295, input 1292. As control rotational speed 1265 ("b") increases, output 1275 ("i") decreases. These are just three output speeds "i" in this example: -0, -900 and -1,800 rpm, but the variable output speed "i") may be infinitely variable (IV) between 0 and -1,800 rpm, for example, for infinitely variable transmissions (IVTs) and infinitely variable compressors if Key Han's principle, discussed later herein, is satisfied.
100601 Also, a variable input speed renewable energy harnessing module (varying in speed, for example, between 800 and 1,600 rpm) turns a shaft of a dual transgear gear assembly having a connecting adjustment gear 1270 in order to maintain a minimum constant rotational speed output;
otherwise, it has been demonstrated that a control motor input 1265 and output electric frequency 1275 per FIG. 12 will reduce to unacceptable values unless the control motor receives more power and an output electricity generator (not shown) will maintain its constant 60 Hz (US) frequency and not fall as low as 59.4 Hz or rise to as high as 60.6 Hz which are unacceptable levels. There Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 is provided in the embodiment of FIG. 12, a control motor (not shown) connected to the first and second connected spur/helical three variable speed converter assembly with an adjustment gear 1270 for providing an approximately constant rotational speed input as a Control motor input 1265 even with no electric load conditions. In this example, it is the renewable energy harnessing module (simulated by an input motor 1260) which must produce output power while a control motor 1265 produces less power when a generator output frequency deviates substantially from 60 Hz (US). The rotational output of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear speed converter is assumed to be connected to an output electricity generator which outputs an approximately constant 60 Hz (US), for example, with no load as the input speed varies from 800 to 1,600 rpm. If the control motor/generator speed is set to 1,200 rpm when the load 1450 is zero or no load, the electric output will be at a constant frequency of 60.0 Hz (US). We will later consider the situation when due to drops in harnessing of renewable energy or variable load conditions such as when a black-out or brown-out of electric power availability occurs in a discussion of FIG. 22.
[0061] Variable input from a renewable energy harnessing module and variable load may also cause a decrease or increase in control motor rotational speed output and an associated undesirable reduction or increase in 60 Hz (US) output electricity generator frequency.
For example, if grid load varies from 0 Watts to 60 Watts and further jumps to 120 Watts, generator input rotational speed reduces from a desirable 1200 rpm at no load down to 1191 rpm at maximum 120 Watts load. This drop in generator rpm results in a reduction of generator electric frequency from 60 Hz with no grid variable load to 59.3 Hz which is outside of limits for delivery of power in the United States. A variable input speed motor may replace a renewable energy harnessing module and may turn an input shaft of a first and second connected spur or helical, (bevel or miter or ring gear) speed converter of FIG. 12 as if the variable control speed motor were the output of a harnessing module such as the propeller of a wind turbine or the waterwheel of a water flow turbine; then, a variable rotational speed input from renewable power harnessed from water flow from 800 to 1,600 rpm varies with an output load between 0 and 120 watts. A first step is that the variable load increasing from 0 Watts to 120 Watts has an impact on the output electricity generator rotational speed which in a second step can cause the frequency of the output electricity generator to vary between 60 Hz at no load to and undesirable 59.3 Hz at a 120 watt load. Note that the output generator rotational speed is the same as that of a control motor providing a control speed input Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 (control input speed "b" of FIG. 11) that is likewise a constant 1,200 rpm at no load and the generator outputs electricity at 60 Hz frequency. The output is related to two variables: the input speed harnessed by a renewable energy harnessing module and the variation of system load of an electric grid (for example, during hot summer days when air conditioning is used by most power company customers). The control motor may adapt to either produce the minimum constant rotational speed to an expected 1,200 rpm or receive feedback from the grid that load has increased due to the heat.
[0062] An example of a variable input and variable load providing a constant output frequency of an electricity generator will now be discussed. When a control motor is used with rotational speed control, there results a constant electrical frequency output of an electricity generator even when there is varying input speed from motor and variable load. The control motor speed, for example, in no load conditions is 1,200 rpm and produces a constant 60 Hz frequency, but also with varying input speed and load, a control motor speed of 1,204 rpm may be corrected to 1,200 rpm as may a control motor speed of 1,208 rpm. Constant electric frequency can be produced if the control motor speed is adjusted back to 1,200 rpm (which converts electric frequency output of the output electricity generator back to, for example, 60.00 Hz (US) from an out-of-range value when both input rotational speed in rpm from a renewable energy harnessing module and a grid load in watts are variable.
[0062-1] FIG. 13 is a graphical depiction of load, for example, of a grid or to be supplied power by the present invention. The grid load may be between a no load condition and 1314 Watts. The alternative electric power axis in kW graphically depicts mechanical input power of water flow 1360. Output power 1375 is power captured by a renewable harnessing module as input power rises, for example, during a windstorm or a torrential rain causing high river currents and high generation of variable rotational speed energy per the dashed line input power 1960. As described earlier, a sample output power 1375 may be represented by a straight-line increase in grid load power from 0 Watts to 1314 Watts. At this same time, input power 1360 is approximately 1.5 kW.
Control power 1365 is also represented as a straight line and controls the value of output power 1375 to the predetermined minimum constant power value. When output power 1375 exceeds control power 1365, there is line crossing 1360 and an electrical advantage demonstrating that there is a net increase in output power 1375 over control power 1365 used to maintain output power 1375. This electrical advantage may be a net positive value of (X) or a little higher. What Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 causes no electrical advantage is when control power does not exceed output power, for example, during no winds, a drought condition, no sunshine, or a tidal change from high tide to low tide or when there is no tidal estuary water flow movement at all.
10062-21 FIG.'s 14, 15A, 15B, 15C and 15D first demonstrate Pascal's principle and then proceed to an analogy to Key Han's principle. Pascal's is a principle of hydraulics.
FIG. 14 and 15A show, using FIG. 14 as an example, that a small original force 1410 F1 is spread over a small area Ai and a compressor at force F1 yields a pressure Pi Fii Ai that is able to lift a car whose weight is spread over a larger area A2, so a small force can actually lift the weight of an automobile. FIG. 15B is a mechanical analogy to Pascal's principle of hydraulics. That is, a small rotational speed input to first and second connected transgear assemblies may be controlled via an adjustment gear 1525 to output a predetermined (by the crossing of the output power line 1375 over the control power line, there is an electrical advantage converted from a rotational speed advantage delivered to an output electricity generator so that constant electrical power may be generated at constant frequency at any grid load. A transgear, similarly to the three variables: force, pressure and area, has three variables: input rotational speed, control rotational speed and output rotational speed converted by output 1530 when input rotational speed exceeds control rotational speed such that an output electricity generator may deliver constant frequency and constant electrical power to a variable load. The graphs of three variables input power, control power, and output power: input power provided by a harnessing module or simulated by a motor running at variable speeds and producing input power of simulated renewable energy of between 0.5 and over 1.5 kW
related to the operation of the first and second connected transgear assemblies. The input power collected by a harnessing module will be greater than that output as output power by an electricity generator as output power.
Control power applied by a control motor is shown linearly increasing until there is a crossing of control power and output power. The line crossing occurs at approximately a load of 740 Watts.
From the respective level of input power on to the end of the graph, there is an electrical advantage whenever output power exceeds control power. A variable load value in Watts reaches a maximum of 1,314 Watts. At that level, there is an electrical advantage of output power in kW of approximately 1.133 kW versus control power of about 0.950 kW. This results in a mechanical relationship to a closed three variable hydraulic system and Pascal's principle. As the power rating of both closed systems increases, the hydraulic/electrical advantage increases.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 10062-31 FIG.'s 16A, 16B and 16C, introduced above, are examples of renewable hydrokinetic energy harnessing modules. Per FIG. 16A, harnessing module 1610 may have a propeller 1608-1 that turns a shaft 1615-1 to capture renewable water or wind energy, for example, in a clockwise direction. The shaft 1615-1 continues to a generating module 1620 where shaft 1615-1 becomes a permanent magnet rotor rotating inside a surrounding stator coil, the combination generating variable electric power at varying frequency. The cross-section to the right shows the stationary stator coil. FIG. 16B shows propeller 1615-1 attached to a sleeve 1612 turning a permanent magnet rotor while input shaft and attached stator coil remain stationary. This combination comprises a renewable energy harnessing module that produces variable rotational speed (X
+ A rpm) and also generates variable electric power at varying frequency. FIG. 16C is the reverse of FIG. 17B such that the stator coil (such as the stator coil of FIG. 16A) remains stationary while propeller 1602-2 is turned by water or air in a clockwise direction to produce variable rotational speed as wells as variable electric power at varying frequency.
100631 Figure 17 is a block schematic diagram of a complete harnessing module 1710 outputting variable rotational speed (X + A rpm) to a dual transgear speed converter 1720 comprising, for example, first and second connected spur or helical assemblies, first and second connected bevel or miter gear assemblies or ring gears comprising a renewable energy harnessing module 1710 of a constant rotational speed 1,800 rpm + a variable speed A rpm harnessed by the harnessing module 1710 by an even greater speed of wind, water or brightness of the sun. Input rotational speed, for example, to shaft 1615-1 and propeller 1608-2 is translated to a central shaft (crosshatched of the permanent magnet rotor) of the dual transgear speed converter 1720 comprising for example, first and second spur gear or helical gear assemblies. A control motor 1730 may provide a control input rotational speed of constant 1,800 rpm where the power to run control motor is taken from the grid while electricity generator 1740 delivers power to the grid. The adjustment between the two connected assemblies (transgears) may be the same 1 to ¨ 1/2 as Figure 9.
Because control motor power to power control motor 1730 is taken from the grid, there is no crossover point between input rotational speed captured by harnessing module 1710 and control motor 1730 input. Soon, we will discuss a situation where control motor power is taken from the harnessing module and then subtracted from the power used by the control motor. The output rotational speed is recovered by an output shaft to the electricity generator 1740 by gears meshed with the input to the electricity generator 1740.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 [0064] Figure 18 shows a block schematic diagram of a harnessing module and generator combination 1805 introduced in Figure 16A. This harnessing module and generator 1805 harnesses mechanical rotational speed for delivery to first and second connected transgear assembled connected by an adjustment gear. A voltage regulator 1815 is shown controlling control motor 1830. Voltage regulator 1815 may sample the output voltage of the generator portion of the module 1805 harnessed by harnessing module as variable electric energy and generator 1805 and also the variable electric energy output of electricity generator 1840 to balance the value of voltages delivered by both to the control motor 1830 whose rotational speed delivered to the first and second transgear assemblies 1820 according to feedforward rotational speed and variable electric output of the harnessing module and generator 1805 and the feedback value of the load of electricity generator 1840.
[0065] Figure 19 shows a block schematic drawing of a harnessing module and generator 1905 having a cable to voltage regulator 1915 and to input motor 1910. Most of the input electric power harnessed by the module 1905 is delivered to the input motor which delivers constant rotational speed to the first and second transgear assemblies 1920 while voltage regulator 1915 samples the variable voltage generated by the generator of harnessing module and generator 1905 for controlling the rotational speed output of control motor 1930. Notice that FIG. 19 may also show sampling grid voltage output from electricity generator 1940 under the assumption that grid load is constant. The voltage regulator takes a sample of variable output voltage from module 1905 and from electricity generator 1940 in order to balance the voltage input to control motor 1930.
Control motor voltage may come from either the module 1905 or the load 1940.
[0066] Figure 20 shows a schematic block diagram of the system of FIG. 19 with a couple of differences. Harnessing modules and generators 2005-1, 2005-2, 2005-3 may, for example, represent a number of renewable energy wind turbines of a wind farm. Some wind turbines may be receiving enough wind to turn their respective propellers while other propellers of other wind turbines may not be turning at all. The point is that several wind turbines working together to generate variable electricity at variable rotational speed can both harness rotational speed from the turning of at least one propeller at a predetermined rotational speed of one wind turbine. Also, variable electric power at variable frequency may be generated by the one propeller of the one wind turbine and may be output by an electric cable to turn input motor 2010 which provides a rotational speed to turn one of: a first and second connected transgear spur or helical gear assembly Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 having an adjustment gear, a first and second connected bevel or miter gear transgear assembly or a first and second connected transgear ring gear assembly 2020. Meanwhile, the cable carries an electric voltage to voltage regulator 2015 and a sample output voltage of electricity generator 2040 is also delivered to voltage regulator 2015 with the result that a variable voltage is delivered to operate control motor 2020 to develop a control motor voltage. Control motor 2030 outputs a control rotational speed to one of the types of dual connected transgear assemblies 2070 which outputs a control rotational speed to operate electricity generator 2040. The electricity output by electricity generator 2040 is provided to a grid so long as its value exceeds a minimum constant electric energy at a constant frequency. Note that the power operating the control motor 2030 is mostly received from at least one harnessing module and generator.
[0067] FIG. 21 is much like FIG. 20 but for its depiction of a plurality of solar panels of a solar panel farm. Three panels are shown: 2100-1, 2100-2 and 2100-3. Cable, input motor 2110, control motor 2130, voltage regulator 2115 and electricity generator 2140 operate in a similar manner to FIG. 20. The problem with solar panels is that they may only receive sunlight during daytime hours. There can be no generation of electric power at night. When a wind farm of FIG. 20 is combined with a plurality of solar panels, it is more likely that electricity generator 2140 will be able to deliver electric power at constant frequency because of the variable inputs received from wind farms and solar panels. Imagine, however, that hydrokinetic (river) turbines are located with a short distance from one another so that the cable electric transmission loss of power tying all three types of renewable energy harnessing modules together. Because river kinetic energy can typically be relied on except when there is a drought or the river freezes and cannot turn the harnessing module, a usable minimum value of electric power at constant frequency can be obtained following Key Han's principle of FIG.' s 15B and 15D are followed.
[0068] Figure 22 is a mechanical diagram of a first and second connected spur or helical transgear assembly 2280 and 2285 connected by an adjustment gear 2270. The first transgear assembly 2280 receives rotational speed from a harnessing module and variable electricity from a generator combination per FIG. 16A but has a control motor 2215 that is powered by a grid 2230. In a similar manner to FIG. 12, an input shaft 2260 delivers mechanical rotational speed (X + A rpm) to each spur/helical transgear assembly 1280, 1285. Input shaft 1260 provides an equivalent input rotational speed to both input shaft 1290 of first transgear assembly 1280 and input shaft 1295 to second transgear assembly 1295. Figure 22 shows a reverse of the mathematics of Figure 12 where Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 control power is taken from a normal electric grid suffering no blackouts or brownouts. Unlike the graph of FIG. 13, there is no crossing of a control power linear graph with that of output power because the control power is provided by a normal electric grid and not by a renewable energy harnessing module. When an input of a minimum constant rotational speed X, where X, for example, may be a minimum constant 1,800 rpm, this value of X rpm as an input rotational speed may produce output 2275 among -0 rpm, -900 rpm and -1800 rpm by changing the Control variable b (Figure 11) here an input control speed of X rpm from control motor 2215 as a control provided as a control mechanical rotational speed output of a control motor 2215 of the first spur gear transgear assembly 2280 at any rotational speed, for example, between 0 rpm, 450 rpm and 900 rpm to vary the mechanical rotational speed of input shafts 2290 and 2295 to the respective connected first and second transgear assemblies. As control rotational speed 2265 ("b") increases, output 2275 ("i") decreases. These are just three output speeds "i" in this example: -0, -900 and -1,800 rpm, but the variable output speed ("i") may be infinitely variable (IV) between 0 and -1,800 rpm, for example, for infinitely variable transmissions (IVTs) and infinitely variable compressors if Key Han's principle, discussed later herein, is satisfied.
100691 FIG 23. shows distributed generation of control motor power which is a useful alternative to FIG. 22. One takes control power from the harnessing module/generator 1620 for powering a control motor 2330 via a voltage regulator 2315. Distributed generation of control power is generated by the combined harnessing module and generator 1610, 1620 (FIG.
16A). The combined harnessing module and generator generates control power per control motor 2330 and voltage regulator 2315 to provide a constant voltage to operate control motor 2330 in place of grid power. The spur or helical speed converter of FIG. 23 is rotated at the variable rotational speed output of generator 1620 to output variable rotational speed for generating electricity at output shaft 2375 to electricity generator at constant frequency power output and is a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 22 and shows a mechanical schematic diagram which adds a battery 2345 and a voltage regulator 2315 between generator 2350 and the connection between the battery 2345 and the control motor 2330. FIG. 23 has the following similar components to FIG. 22: input 2360, first transgear assembly 2380 connected to second transgear assembly 2385, adjustment 2360 and output shaft to electricity generator 2375. The advantage of this FIG. 23 is that battery 2345 may supply power to the control motor 2330 and, if the battery 2345 starts to run low, generator 2350 may provide voltage via voltage regulator 2315 to control motor 2330 when the battery is low. An Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 example of an embodiment of FIG. 23 is the solar panel example FIG. 21 or an example involving a tidal estuary change from high to low tide or vice versa when the estuary is quiet and a hydrokinetic harnessing module propeller (not shown) cannot turn because there is no movement of water during a change of tides. The battery 2345 can provide the power to the control motor 2330 and when the tidal estuary is changing tides, the first and second connected spur or helical transgear assemblies 2380, 2385 may output rotational speed as usual via output 2375 to an electricity generator. Generator 2350 is not needed when battery 2345 is charged. Generator 2350 depletes electricity that could be output via output shaft 2375 to an electricity generator for the grid.
[0070] Drawings of the present invention should not be considered to be drawn to scale and the respective size of components or shapes may be varied to suit a particular application such as renewable energy harnessing modules for use in an ocean current, a tidal estuary, a large river, a small mountain stream, as a wind turbine, a solar panel or other renewable energy harnessing module. These applications of variations and technologies of novel renewable energy harnessing modules such water and air flow turbines and solar panels with respect to various embodiments will be further described in the detailed description of the drawings which follows.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0071] In the figures of the present embodiments of the invention comprising Figures 1 through 25, an effort has been made to follow a convention such that the first reference number for a drawing component such as DOC indicates a figure number as the first digit where the element first appears; for example, motor 102 first appears in FIG. 1 and the motor component is given by 102. Motor 102 appears as motor 202 in Figure 2 as a component of a rotary frequency converter 228.
[0072] The principles of application of the several discussed embodiments of a structure and method of constructing same for, for example, providing a green renewable energy alternative to the burning of fuel such as coal, oil, using nuclear energy or other less environmentally friendly energy sources have been discussed above in the Background. A renewable energy water or air flow turbine or solar panel may comprise a renewable energy harnessing module specially designed and located to automatically produce at least a predetermined value of harnessed renewable energy, if possible, to produce a constant amount of power to a load whether the source of renewable energy varies, for example, with the time of day or the weather or whether the load Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 may vary from a maximum predetermined load to a minimum. A controlling module may use a pair of spur/helical gear, bevel/miter gear and ring gear assemblies where, for example, the spur/helical gear assemblies comprise sun gears, carrier gears and planetary gears constructed as a three-variable control of variable rotational speed input from a harnessing module to constant rotational speed (a dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter) and an accompanying control motor or control assembly. The dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter may be used to convert rotational harnessing module speed variation to constant frequency, for example, for use in a river or tidal MHK turbine electric power generator or even with a plurality of solar panels. There may be an automatic adjustment between first and second identical or different gear assemblies of the speed converter so that a variable portion of an input to the first connected transgear gear assembly to the second connected transgear gear assembly by an adjustment gear may be automatically eliminated by adding an adjustment gear or gear assembly to eliminate the variable portion of the variable input to the first and second connected transgear gear assemblies. The present embodiments used in conjunction with known flow energy turbine systems may be enhanced by using many known control systems for improved operation such as pitch and yaw control in wind turbines which are adaptable for use as propeller-driven river turbine harnessing modules, control responsive to power grid statistics and requirements and remote or automatic control responsive to predicted and actual weather conditions (river velocity from weather forecasts, an anemometer, water flow velocity from a water flow velocity meter, torque control via a torque meter, barometric reading and direction (rising or falling) and the like). A three variable constant speed converter comprising two connected transgear assemblies may be of the spur or helical transgear gear, bevel or miter transgear gear or ring gear speed converter type and include a constant speed control motor for controlling the output rotational speed converted by an output electricity generator to a constant electrical output at a constant (constant frequency in Hertz) along in certain of the to-be described embodiments. Besides river and tidal water energy uses, applications of a dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter control may also be found in the fields of combustion or electric vehicles or boats or airplanes, pumps and compressors and with solar renewable energy. A voltage regulator and an input motor may be used to obtain a sample variable voltage value from a renewable energy harnessing module and generator for determining a voltage value for operating a control motor. The control motor then outputs an appropriate rotational speed output for operation of a first and second connected transgear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 assembly having an adjustment assembly. Most of the electric voltage generated by a combined harnessing module and generator is provided to an input motor which outputs a constant minimum rotational speed for input to the first and second connected transgear assemblies which output a controlled constant rotational speed to turn an output electricity generator at constant frequency under control of the control motor and voltage regulator and control motor. In conditions of no load or a constant load on the output electricity generator, there is no deviation in a constant minimum output voltage or electric frequency. However, when electric load on the output electricity generator varies, the minimum output voltage and electric frequency may vary requiring that a voltage and frequency sample also be fed to the voltage regulator for determining what voltage should be output by the voltage regulator to the control motor. These and other features of embodiments and aspects of a constant or variable energy flow input, constant or variable output system and method may come to mind from reading the below detailed description of the drawings, and any claimed invention should be only deemed limited by the scope of the claims to follow.
Moreover, the Abstract should not be considered limiting.
[0073] Figure 1 is a depiction of the concept of a rotational speed to electrical frequency converter (a rotary frequency converter showing constant rotational speed motor 102 that may be driven by constant electrical frequency connected by a constant rotational speed shaft for turning an alternating current generator 104 to output a desired electrical frequency in Hz at output 106 in Hertz such as 50 Hz (European) (X), 60 Hz (US) (Y) and 400 Hz (Z) (used, for example, to power equipment in airplanes and ships); (see Table 1 below). A certain constant speed and constant electrical frequency motor 102 having a constant rotational speed output speed shaft drives an alternating current generator 104 to provide a certain constant alternating current frequency at its output 106. Table 1 below shows that a constant speed motor 102 output at X
rpm constant rotational speed drives an input shaft of an electricity generator 104 at the same input rotational speed as motor 102. Given the same rotational speed input to the generator 104, motor speed X
may deliver, for example, 50 Hz (European) constant frequency electricity output. If the motor 102 is a one kilowatt motor, the output 106 of a generator 106 should be one kilowatt output and operate a variable load (not shown) between 0 and one kilowatt (not considering efficiencies for simplicity). Thus, the concept of a rotary frequency converter (see Table 2) is that a certain constant rotational speed motor 102 outputs a constant rotational speed X plus a generator 104 yields a certain constant electrical frequency at the output 106 where X rpm yields 50 Hz, Y rpm Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 yields 60 Hz and Z rpm constant rotational speed yields 400 Hz at the output 106 of generator 104.
Thus, per Table 1 and Table 2, Figure 1 is a depiction of the concept of a rotary frequency converter showing constant rotational speed motor 102 that may be driven by constant electrical frequency connected by a constant rotational speed shaft for turning an alternating current generator 104 to output a desired electrical frequency at output 106 in Heitz in X, Y or Z
output 106 of motor 102 driving an alternating current generator 104 provides a certain constant alternating current frequency output (given no use of a renewable energy harnessing module which must react to changes in harnessed renewable mechanical energy such as tidal changes, sunlight changes, wind flow and water flow direction and wind flow or water flow speed changes, freezing rivers and drought (insufficient water flow)) or changes in electrical load.
The concept of a rotary frequency generator per FIG. 1 is that a certain constant control motor 102 speed plus an electricity generator 104 driven by a shaft and gears connecting them can maintain a certain minimum constant electric frequency at generator 104 output 106. Desirably a predetermined minimum mechanical power of a harnessing module, for example, per harnessing module 1610 of FIG. 16A
exceeds power utilized by a control motor taken from the grid or produced by a renewable energy harnessing module which harnesses the predetermined minimum mechanical power and outputs constant electrical frequency at output electricity generator as will be discussed further herein.
Table 1 Constant Frequency Output Motor 102 Generator 104 Output 106 X rpm X rpm 50 Hz Y rpm Y rpm 60 Hz Z rpm Z rpm 400 Hz Table 2 Concept of a Rotary Frequency Converter Certain Concept Motor Speed + Generator = Certain Constant Frequency 100741 Figure 2 shows a comparison among constant rotational speed converters for wind flow or water flow (marine hydrokinetic or Mill() turbines 210, 216, 220, 226, 230 according to the present invention and known rotary frequency converters from hydroelectric dams, coal fueled Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 turbines, natural gas or oil fueled turbines and nuclear fueled turbines 200, 212, 214, 218, 224, 230 which do not utilize renewable energy sources (except hydroelectric power plants with dams) and rotary frequency converters 202, 230. First considering conventional renewable energy hydroelectric dams, non-renewable coal-fueled turbines, natural gas and oil fueled turbines and man-made nuclear fueled turbines 200, these all produce non-renewable and man-produced energy from fuel or, in the case of dams, harness energy from renewable water energy.
Non-renewable and nuclear energy are less desirable than renewable sources and have an impact on the environment. Dams, coal, natural gas and oil and nuclear energy harness or produce variable energy which may be used to generate electricity. Per equation 214, variable energy output 212 plus an energy converter may produce constant energy output. Per equation 218, constant energy input to a turbine may yield a constant turbine rotational speed. Per equation 224, the turbine plus an electricity generator may yield a constant electrical frequency output. The outputs of turbine 224, rotational speed converters 226, and motor 202 are the constant rotational speed providers to electricity generator 230. Thus, figure 2 shows a number of different means for producing a constant mechanical rotational speed and a constant electrical frequency output. Examples of constant mechanical rotational speed providers comprise a motor, a dam turbine, a steam turbine and a speed converter used in box 226 to convert constant rotational speed to constant frequency electricity. Figure 2 shows a comparison among dual transgear mechanical speed converters for wind flow or water flow (marine hydrokinetic MHK) turbines 210, 216, 220, 226, 230 and certain known electrical energy sources 200 comprising water, coal, natural gas and nuclear, and known rotary frequency converters 202 used in hydroelectric dams, coal fueled turbines, natural gas fueled turbines and nuclear fueled turbines 200. Electrical energy sources 200 produce or harness variable energy 212 such that per 214 variable (renewable) energy + an energy converter may produce constant energy; constant energy in turn plus a turbine can yield a constant turbine output speed 218; and a (turbine) plus a generator can equal a constant frequency electrical output 224 via electricity generator 230 to an output. These electrical energy sources 200 may be combined with water or marine hydrokinetic turbines 210 to provide an electricity generator 230 outputting an output electric power which may or may not utilize renewable energy sources (except hydroelectric dams). Rotary frequency converter 202 and electricity generator 230 show the concept of a constant frequency turbine 224 or speed converter 226 combined with a rotary frequency converter 202 drive an electricity generator 230 to achieve a constant minimum desired Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 frequency electricity at the output of the electricity generator 230. The outputs of turbine 224, speed converter 226, and motor 202 are the constant rotational speed providers and the rotary frequency converter 202 converts constant rotational speed to constant frequency at electricity generator 230 which will be seen to maintain close to constant frequency if an energy harnessing module such as a waterwheel harnesses enough water flow energy to turn a shaft between, for example, motor 102 of Figure 1 and output constant electricity frequency at generator 104 output 106 and electrical load of a grid does not change.
[0075] According to the present invention, comprising a renewable energy wind flow or water (MHK) flow turbine 210, an object is to harness variable speed from these renewable sources ¨ air and water 216. Wind turbines and water (or MHK) turbines 210 use renewable energy water flow at variable speed to harness variable energy in the sense that the water flow rate may vary, for example, during conditions of drought or changing tides or adverse heavy rain conditions. It is desirable to harness variable air or water flow speed 216. Wind typically flows in varying directions, and a wind vane is typically attached to an opposite end of a horizontal axis wind propeller to cause the wind propeller to face the flow of wind and harness variable wind speed from any horizontal direction of wind flow. The same is true of a renewable wind energy turbine or a water energy turbine. A water vane may turn the renewable water flow, for example, during a change of tides or a wind vane may turn a wind flow turbine in any horizontal direction. In an ocean, there may be waves which cause water flow to be vertical or up and down. Renewable energy water flow turbines may harness up and down motion of an ocean wave.
Per equation 220, a variable input rotational speed of a harnessing module for harnessing a renewable energy source such as wind flow renewable energy or water flow renewable energy) plus a speed converter (converting variable rotational speed to constant rotational speed) yields a constant output rotational speed. According to equation 226 as translated to a rotary electric frequency converter, such as the electricity generator 104 of Figure 1, means that an electricity generator receives a constant rotational speed from a variable to constant speed converter that when applied to an electricity generator 230 yields a constant electrical frequency output. An emphasis of the present invention is to describe a mechanical speed converter called a dual transgear mechanical rotational speed converter having a control motor to control the rotational speed of a shaft of the control motor and using that speed converter 226 to generate electricity by turning a shaft of the electricity Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 generator 230 to generate a constant desired electric frequency such as 60 Hz (US) (and a constant desirable renewable power output).
[0076] Figure 3A and Figure 3B respectively show a perspective view of a spur or helical transgear gear assembly and a cut view schematic of a spur or helical transgear gear assembly. Each of FIG.'s 3A and 3B show three variables similar to three variables of a transistor, for example, a left sun gear first input variable 302 connected or integral to an unnumbered shaft of FIG. 3B for variable rotational speed input from a source of rotational speed per FIG. 3B
such as a renewable energy harnessing module. First and second carrier gears 306-1, 306-2 unnumbered pins, and first and second planetary gears 308-1, 308-2 comprise a second control variable for, for example, variable rotational speed input control. The carrier gears have pins so that the carrier gears 306-1, 306-2 may hold the unnumbered pins to allow first and second planetary gears 308-1, 308-2 to rotate. Planetary gear 306-1 meshes with left sun gear 302 and planetary gear 308-2 meshes with output right sun gear 304, the third output variable. FIG. 3A shows that planetary gears 308-1 and 308-2 are also meshed together. A third variable is an output variable comprising the right sun gear 304, for, for example, outputting rotational speed (under control variable 2, for example, to a constant). The first and second planetary gears 308-1, 308-2 are seen meshed together in perspective view Figure 3A. A planetary gear 308-2 may be seen meshing with right sun gear 304 in FIG. 3B as an output variable such as a minimum constant rotational output speed provided by the right sun gear 304. It will be demonstrated herein that first and second connected transgear assemblies by an adjustment assembly or adjustment gear may maintain a constant minimum rotational speed output to an output electricity generator to maintain a desired constant minimum electrical frequency even in the presence of a varying electrical load. On the other hand, tidal changes, wind direction changes, sunsets and the like can shut down an output electricity generator from maintaining the desired constant minimum electrical frequency output.
[0077] Figure 3B particularly describes the first and second carrier gears and pins which are also sometimes called carrier discs. As seen in FIG. 3A, the carrier discs are separate discs which each surround an input shaft having input integral to an input shaft gear 302. The control carrier gears, pins and planetary gears act together to control an input variable rotational speed to a constant rotational speed value in rpm.
[0078] Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show three variations of assignments of an input variable, a control variable and an output variable. In FIG.'s 4A, 4B and 4C, an input shaft integral with a sun gear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 is not used as was shown in FIG.' s 3A and 3B. In the variation of the assignment of three variables to components of FIG. 4A, the input variable is assigned to the carrier discs, pins, an unnumbered gear and planetary gears. The unnumbered gear may be seen surrounding and meshing with the input right sun gear 404-2 and with the unnumbered pin above and below and part of the carrier input 406-1. The unnumbered gear is also seen in FIG. 's 4B and 4C.
[0079] Figures 4A through 4C show specifically how input, output and control functions may be differently assigned to the three variables shown in Figures 3A and 3B. In Figures 4A-4C, the central shaft is not attached to any gears as shown in Figure 3B and functions as a physical support shaft. The shaft is surrounded by unnumbered bearings and has no impact on the assignment of functions to variables. Referring to Figure 4A and as described above, the input function may be assigned to carrier discs, pins, planetary gears and shown as carrier gears (or discs) input 406-1.
The control function is assigned to left sun gear control 402-1. The output function is assigned to right sun gear output 404-1. If the left sun gear control 402-1, for example, does not rotate or rotates at 0 rpm (torque balanced 0 rpm is not a neutral which is freewheeling) and the carrier gears, planetary gears, unnumbered gear, and pins as an input variable may rotate, for example, one rotation clockwise, then the output right sun gear 404-1 assigned as output rotates two revolutions clockwise. Referring to Figure 4B, the input may be assigned to right sun gear 404-2 and may revolve one revolution clockwise. The left sun gear 402-2 is assigned the control function and does not rotate, then the output assigned to the carrier gears, planetary gears, unnumbered gear and pins 406-2 rotates one half revolution clockwise. Referring to Figure 4C, the input may be assigned to right sun gear 404-3 but notice that, between Fig. 4B and Fig. 4C, the functions of control and output are reversed, control from left sun gear 402-2 to carrier 406-3 and output from carriers 406-2 to left sun gear/sleeve 402-3. In Fig. 4C, the control 406-3 (carrier gears, planetary gears, unnumbered gear and pins) does not rotate and when the input right sun gear 404-3 rotates one revolution clockwise, the output left sun gear 402-3 rotates one revolution counterclockwise.
Also, Fig. 4C may be reversed horizontally and assigned oppositely such that left sun gear 402-3 is assigned as the input and right sun gear 404-3 is assigned as output while the control remains the same, assigned to carriers, planetary gears, unnumbered gear, and pin 406-3. Note that while the input is, for example, 1 rpm CW in all figures 4A, 4B and 4C, the output varies from (when the control is freewheeling) 2 rpm CW (FIG. 4A, input to carrier), 1/2 rpm CW
(FIG. 4B, input to right sun gear), and 1 rpm CCW (FIG. 4C, input to right sun gear).

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 100801 Fig.'s 5A through 5C show three different transgear assemblies each having left and right sun gears (except the ring gear Transgear which has a ring gear 502-3 in place of a left sun gear), planetary (or idle) gears, and carrier gears (or discs). Each of FIG. 5A
through FIG. 5C have respective input shafts 501-1, 502-1 and 503-1 for receiving rotational speed outputs of renewable energy harnessing modules; (see harnessing module 1610 of FIG. 16A as an example). Fig. 5A of a spur or helical gear transgear assembly has already been introduced in Figures 3A and 3B and Figures 4A through 4C. The planetary gears 508-la and 508-lb, 508-02a and 508-02b, and 508-03a and 508-03b of Fig.'s 5A through 5C are planetary gears supported by the carrier gears (or discs) 506-1, 506-2, and 506-3. The upper planetary gear 508-la of Fig. 5A is meshed to left sun gear 502-1 and receives an input rotational speed via input shaft 501-1. The lower planetary gear 508-lb is meshed to the upper planetary gear 508-la and to the output right sun gear 504-1 which is free to rotate about input shaft 501-1 integral with or attached to left sun gear 502-1. Fig. 5B
shows a bevel or a miter gear transgear assembly comprising left sun gear 502-2 which is integral with or attached to input shaft 502-1, control carrier gear 506-2 and output right sun gear 504-2.
The left sun gear 502-2 is attached to input shaft 502-1 and meshes with planetary gears 508-2a and 508-2b that in turn mesh with output right sun gear 504-2. The control carrier gear 506-2 (is attached to unnumbered carrier shafts) and the output right sun gear 504-2 are free to rotate about the input shaft 502-1 which is integral to or connected to left sun gear 502-2 (which rotates with the input shaft 502-1). Planetary gears 508-2a and 508-2b rotate about the (unnumbered) shaft of control carrier gear 506-2. The bevel or miter gear transgear assembly may have different functions assigned to its three gears as in the example of a spur or helical transgear gear assembly.
Any of the input left sun gear 502-2, control carrier gear 506-2 and output right sun gear 504-2 may be assigned input, control and output functions. This example shows more typical assignment of input, control and output assignments. When utilized in a dual transgear variable to constant rotational speed converter, the bevel or miter gear assembly of FIG. 5B uses the left or right sun gears as input or output variables respectively and the carrier gear is assigned as control variable.
There are two planetary gears 508-2a and 508-2b shown. The top planetary gear 508-2a surrounds the top control carrier gear shaft (unnumbered) and the bottom planetary gear 508-2b surrounds the bottom carrier shaft (unnumbered). Fig. 5C shows a ring gear transgear assembly comprising a ring gear (internal gear) 502-3 integral with or attached to input shaft 503-1, control carrier gear 506-3 and output sun gear 504-3. Planetary gears 508-3a and 508-3b shown in each transgear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 assembly are gears that mesh with the input ring gear 502-3 and the output sun gear 504-3 and are supported by pins in the control carrier gears (or discs) 506-3. Any of the ring gear 502-3, carrier gear/disc 506-3 and sun gear 504-3 may be assigned input, control and output functions. When two ring gear assemblies per Fig. 5C are joined by an adjustment gear assembly, for example, the input is assigned to the input shaft 503-1 and integral ring gear 502-3, the control is assigned to carrier gears or discs 506-3 with pins supporting the planetary gears 508-3a and 508-3b and the output is assigned to output sun gear 504-3. The shaft 503-1 extends to the second ring gear assembly in a dual ring gear assembly; (see FIG. 10C). Planetary gears 508-3a and 508-3b are shown supported by carrier pins of carrier gear or discs 506-3 and mesh with the ring gear 502-3 and the sun gear 504-3 which surrounds the shaft 503-1 and is free to rotate about the shaft as is carrier gear or discs 506-3 free to rotate about the shaft 503-1 via bearings.
As introduced above, a planetary gear may be introduced into a mechanical system for the purpose of changing the direction of rotation of an output gear such as sun gear 504-3. A planetary gear may be of varying size or shape (such as a single or double-layered planetary gear or split gear) but is not commonly intended to have an impact on the speed changes of input to output rotational speed except, in a ring gear assembly, when the planetary gear size is changed, the interior ring gear diameter size changes respectively and the input to output speed ratio changes.
[0081] Figures 6A through 6C show various methods of modifying an input to output ratio, for example, by changing diameters of gears assigned to input and output functions in two of the three different spurs or helical gear transgear assemblies of Fig.'s 6B and 6C. In Fig. 6A, the diameters of the input left sun gear 602-1 integral with or attached to input shaft 601-1 and the output right sun gear 604-1 are the same and may be assigned input and output functions respectively. In FIG.
6B, the diameter of the left sun gear is larger than the meshed diameter of the right sun gear. Fig.'s 6B and 6C show how input to output ratios may be changed by modifying the diameters of the input left sun gears and, for example, while keeping the diameter of the output right sun gear unchanged, either by relocating the upper pins 610-2a and 610-3a or doubling a single planetary gear to double-layered or split planetary gear 608-3b (Fig. 6C) to have two diameters, one for meshing with the upper planetary gear 608-3a and one for meshing with the output right sun gear 604-3 that is smaller than the input left sun gear 602-3. In FIG. 6C, the diameter of the left sun gear is larger than the diameter of the meshed right sun gear 604-3 and planetary gear 608-3b is a split planetary gear. Fig. 6B shows the planetary gear 608-2a meshing to the input left sun gear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 602-2 and lower planetary gear 608-2b. Fig. 6C also shows that the diameter of the input left sun gear 602-3 is larger than the output right sun gear 604-3 as in Fig. 6B and also the carrier gears or discs are extended beyond the carrier gears of FIG. 6B. But the input to output ratio may also be changed by doubling the structure of the lower planetary gear 608-3b with two different diameters that one meshes with the upper planetary gear 608-3a and the other with the output right sun gear 604-3. Right sun gear 604-3 is free to rotate around the shaft 603-1 connected to or integral with left sun gear 602-3. A left side diameter of the planetary gear 608-3b meshing with the upper planetary gear 608-3a may be smaller than a right-side diameter that meshes with the output right sun gear 604-3. The smaller left side diameter of split gear 608-3b meshes with the upper planetary gear 608-3a which is the same diameter as other planetary gear 608-la or same diameter as planetary gear 608-2a. The larger right side diameter of split gear 608-3b meshes with the output right sun gear 604-3. The output right sun gear diameter is the same in all three figures for comparison purposes; however, the changing of the diameter of the output sun gear of each right sun gear 604-1, 604-2, 604-3 of each gear assembly will also modify the input to output ratio and, as will be discussed further herein will also impact the structure of an adjustment gear assembly (see, for example, FIG.'s 11A and 11B when two spur or helical gear assemblies are connected together by the adjustment gear assembly.
[0082] Figures 7A through 7C show various methods of modifying an input to output ratio of a bevel or miter gear transgear assembly, for example, by changing the diameters of the input left and output right sun gears in FIG. 7A from having equal diameters in Fig. 7A
(702-1 and 704-1) to having different diameters in Fig.'s 7B and 7C where the input left sun gears 702-2, 702-3 have larger diameters than the output right sun gears 704-2, 704-3 in Fig.'s 7B and 7C respectively. In FIG. 7B, the left gear 702-2 is larger than the right sun gear 704-2. Fig. 7C
shows a further way of changing input to output ratio by changing the shape of the planetary gears 708-3a, 708-3b of the assembly of Fig. 7B compared to the notched extended shape of planetary gears 708-3a and 708-3b with a slightly smaller diameter left input gear 702-3. In Fig 7B, the input left sun gear 702-2 is meshing the larger double-tiered planetary gears 708-2a and 708-2b, and output right sun gear 704-2 is meshing the smaller left gear also meshing the planetary gears 708-2a and 708-2b.
In Fig. 7C, the planetary gears 708-3a/b are double-tiered, but both gears have the same pitch diameter. Also, input left gear 702-3 is larger in diameter than output right sun gear 704-3. See, for example, planetary gears 708-3 having two tiers/layers to mesh with left gear 702-3 and smaller Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 output right sun gear 704-3. Carrier gears 706-2, 706-3 and right sun gear 704-2, 704-3 are free to rotate about the input shaft integral with or connected to input left sun gears 702-2, 702-3. The right sun gear diameter is the same for all three figures of a bevel or miter gear transgear assembly for comparison purposes.
[0083] Figures 8A through 8C show various methods of modifying an input to output ratio of a ring gear transgear assembly, for example, by enlarging the diameters of the planetary gears 808-2a, 808-2b of Fig. 8B in comparison with the planetary gears 808-la and 808-lb of Fig. 8A
respectively. In FIG. 8A planetary gear 808-la is meshed with ring gear 804-1 and with sun gear 804-1. Notice that the ring gear assembly shaft 810-1, 810-2, and 810-3 in all embodiments of Fig.'s 8A through 8C are connected to or integral with the carrier gear/disc 806-1, 806-2 and 806-3. Carrier gears (or discs) 806-1, 806-2 and 806-3 may be assigned as input.
In all of Fig.'s 8A, 8B and 8C, the ring gears 804-1, 804-2 and 804-3 and sun gears 802-1, 802-2 and 802-3 are free to rotate about the shafts 810-1, 810-2 and 810-3 integral with the carrier gears or discs 806-1, 806-2 and 806-3. Consequently, in Fig. 8A the carrier gear 806-1 may be assigned input. The ring gear 804-1 may be assigned as control. The sun gear 802-1 (also, 802-2 and 802-3) may be assigned as output. In Fig. 8B, the ring gear assembly comprises a ring gear 804-2 that may cause a modified input to output ratio by enlarging the ring gear inner diameter @itch diameter) by increasing the planetary gear 808-2a and 808-2b diameters and carrier gear sizes. In FIG. 8B, ring gear 804-2 diameter is enlarged by increasing the diameters of planetary gears 808-2a and 808-2b.
The ring gear assembly of Fig. 8C has been modified by further enlarging the ring gear diameter of ring gear 804-3 in the same way as in Figure 8B but the planetary gears 808-3a and 808-3b are double-tiered or split gears 808-3a and 3b with different diameters, making them planetary gears of different diameters (doubled gears) between left and right sides of the planetary gears with the right side diameter meshing with the output sun gear 802-3 larger than the left side diameter. In FIG. 8C, ring gear 804-3 internal diameter is enlarged by double tiering the planetary gears 808-3a and 808-3b. The right-side large diameter of a split planetary gear meshes with output sun gear 802-3 and the left side diameter which meshes with the control ring gear 804-3. The right sun gear diameter for output sun gears 802-1, 802-2 and 802-3 is the same in all three figures for comparison purposes.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 100841 FIG. 8D shows a typical ring gear transgear assembly similar to the one shown in FIG.'s 8A and 8B. An input shaft 810-4 has an integral control set of input carrier gears having a control ring gear 804-4 which meshes on top and bottom with planetary gears 804-4a and 804-4b of the input carrier gears including unnumbered pins and planetary gears 804-4a and 804-4b which mesh with output sun gear 802-4. Carrier gears or discs 806-4 include planetary gears 804-4a and 804-4b which mesh with an output sun gear 802-04. A Table 3 shows a calculation of ring gear transgear speed including nomenclature used in speed calculation. Variables of speed of the output sun gear used in equations of Table 3 include S: output sun gear speed in rpm, R: control ring gear speed in rpm and C: input carrier gear in RPM and diameter of the gears s, r, and c with formulae for calculating speed of each of the three gears where carrier gear or disc speed C = (Ss + Rr) / (C
+ r); sun gear speed may be S = [C(s + r) ¨ Rr] / s; and ring gear speed R =
[C (s + r) ¨ Ss] / r.
Planetary gears are idle gears and do not impact speed directly except the ring gear is enlarged to accommodate larger planetary gears. If three diameters and two speeds are known, the third speed can be calculated.
Table 3 Calculation of Ring Gear Transgear speed Nomenclature of Ring Gear Planetary Gear Assembly S: Sun Gear Speed, rpm R: Ring Gear Speed, rpm C: Carrier Gear Speed, rpm s: Sun Gear Diameter r: Ring Gear Diameter c: Carrier Gear Diameter Formula for Calculating Speed in rpm C = (Ss+Rr) / (C+r) S = [C(s+r)-Rr] / s R = [C(s+r)-Ss] / r 100851 Figure 9 shows a spur or helical gear rotational speed converter assembly of two identical basic spur or helical gear rotational speed converter assemblies to show the algorithm and calculations for the input to the first Transgear assembly through the output of the second Transgear assembly including a calculation for adjustment 940 which may be an assembly of gears according to a basic spur gear Transgear assembly rule where C is a rotational speed of carrier Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 gear, L is a speed of left sun gear and R is a speed of right sun gear: C =(L
+ R) / 2; L = 2C ¨ R
and R = 2C ¨ L. See Table 4 below for a calculation of the basic spur gear transgear rule. Let us assume that the input 910 to the first spur gear Transgear assembly is Input #1 = X + A where X
is a constant value and A represents the variable change in speed of rotation of the shaft and left sun gear of the first assembly. The carrier 920 speed of the first spur gear Transgear assembly is Control #1 = X / 2 or half the constant input rotational speed. The right sun gear sleeve output taken at right sun gear is output and an input to an adjustment gear assembly 940. The Output #1 or output of the first spur gear Transgear assembly is calculated as Output #1 = R = 2C ¨ L = 2 (X
/ 2) ¨ (X + A) = - A which is passed to the Adjustment gear assembly 940. The adjustment gear 940 must adjust the Output #1 from ¨ A to A / 2. In other words, it must change the negative variable speed A which was output by the first spur gear Transgear assembly to + A / 2 and pass A
/ 2 to the carrier 950 Control #2 of the second spur gear Transgear assembly.
The input 960 to the second spur gear Transgear assembly is equal to the input to the first spur gear Transgear assembly or Input #2 = X + A. The output 970 of the second spur gear Transgear assembly is calculated as Output #2 = R = 2C ¨ L = 2 (A / 2) ¨ (X + A) = - X. So what we have proven is that a constant speed plus a variable speed has been remedied to be a constant rotational speed output. The constant rotational speed output may be input to a generator (not shown) having a shaft rotating at ¨ X constant speed and produce a constant electrical frequency output such as 50 Hz (European) or 60 Hz (US).
Table 4 Basic Spur Gear Transgear Rule C: Carrier Gear rpm L: Left Sun Gear rpm R: Right Sun Gear rpm C = (L+R)/2 L= 2C¨ R
R = 2C - L
100861 Figures 10A through 10C show three variations of a mechanical variable speed input to constant rotational speed output converter to produce constant frequency at an output electricity generator fed the constant rotational speed output of the speed converter each type of speed converter having an adjustment gear assembly 1060-1, 1060-2, 1060-3 between first and second Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 gear assemblies of each of the embodiments of Fig.'s 10A using spur or helical gears, 10B using bevel or miter gears and 10C using ring gears, all connected by an adjustment gear. Fig. 10A
shows first and second spur or helical transgear gear assemblies 1020-1 and 1020-2 where first transgear assembly #11020-1 comprises variable speed input (X + A) 1010-1 to an input shaft, control 1040-la of carrier gears, and an unlabeled output to adjustment gear 1060-1 as input to transgear #2 1030-1 which provides constant rotational output speed at output sun gear 1050-1.
Fig. 10B shows first and second bevel or miter transgear gear assemblies transgear #1 1020-2 and transgear #2 1030-2 joined by adjustment 1060-2. Transgear #1 has a variable speed (X + A) Input 1010-2 input shaft integral with or connected to input gear 1016-1, a carrier gear control 1040-2 and transgear #2 1030-2 provides a constant rotational speed output sun gear 1050-2. Fig. 10C
shows first and second ring gear transgear assemblies: transgear #1 1020-3 and transgear #2 1030-3. Ring transgear #1 has a variable input rotational speed (X + A) at Input 1010-3 connected to or integral with integral input sun gear 1017-1 and a control of ring gear 1040-3 whose output from adjustment gear 1060-3 is received at unlabeled second, right ring gear of the adjustment gear 1060-3. A constant output rotational speed is provided at Output sun gear 1050-3. Referring briefly to Table 5, the purpose of having an adjustment gear assembly 1060-1, 1060-2, 1060-3 is eliminating the variable rotational speed A from the input 1110 at a, X + A, so that the output 1160 "i", Output i = 2g ¨ h = -X, is constant or -X. The calculation shows the output rotational speed being ¨X but being the opposite rotational direction from the input rotational speed X is not an issue; what is important is that the variation in rotational speed input A is automatically eliminated by an adjustment gear assembly 1060-1, 1060-2 1060-3, which may comprise adjusting diameter of unnumbered output gears of transgear gear assembly #1 and unnumbered input carrier gears of Transgear gear assembly #2 (see, for example, FIG. 11 and associated K FIG. 11 and associated key respectively provide a schematic diagram of a mechanical dual connected basic spur gear transgear speed converter with adjustment gears "c" through "g" and a key showing names/descriptions of components "a" through "i" labeled in Figure 11. Figure 11 shows variable rotational speed input (X + A) rpm provided at Input 1110 input shaft, a Control 1120 carrier gear (both for a first spur or helical, three variable transgear gear assembly 1125 and sun gear 1160 as Output of transgear gear assembly #2 1135 given an adjustment gear assembly 1140 "c" through "g" for removing variations in input rotational speed from input 1110 input shaft. Note that in Figure 11 a common shaft 1110 connects the two spur gear Transgear assemblies together so that Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 left sun gear of left Transgear #1 labeled "a" shares the common input shaft 1110 with left sun gear of right Transgear #2 labeled "h". hi FIG.' s 12, 22 and 23, the two assemblies are connected by the adjustment gear, not by an extended shaft.
10086-11 FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention which was constructed as a working prototype to show first and second spur/helical transgear assemblies 1280 and 1285 connected by adjustment gear 1270. An input shaft 1260 delivers mechanical rotational speed X
+ A rpm to each spur/helical transgear assembly 1270, 1285. Input shaft 1260 provides an equivalent input rotational speed to both input shaft 1290 of first transgear assembly 1280 and input shaft 1295 to second transgear assemble 1285. When an input of a minimum constant rotational speed X, where X, for example, may be a minimum constant 1,800 rpm, this value of X
as an input may produce output among -0 rpm, -900 rpm and -1800 rpm by changing the Control variable b (Figure 11) here an input control speed of X rpm as a control provided as a control mechanical rotational speed output of a control motor, not shown, of the first spur gear transgear assembly 1260 at any rotational speed between 0 rpm, 450 rpm and 900 rpm to vary the mechanical rotational speed of input shafts 1290 and 1295. As control rotational speed 1265 ("b") increases, output 1275 ("i") decreases. These are just three output speeds "i" in this example: -0, -900 and -1,800 rpm, but the variable output speed "i" may be infinitely variable (IV) between 0 and -1,800 rpm, for example, for infinitely variable transmissions (IVTs) and infinitely variable compressors if Key Han's principle, discussed later herein, is satisfied.
10086-21 Also, a variable input speed renewable energy harnessing module (varying in speed, for example, between 800 and 1,600 rpm) turns a shaft of a dual transgear gear assembly having a connecting adjustment gear 1270 in order to maintain a minimum constant rotational speed output;
otherwise, it has been demonstrated that a control motor input 1265 and output electric frequency 1275 per FIG. 12 will reduce to unacceptable values unless the control motor receives more power and an output electricity generator (not shown) will maintain its constant 60 Hz (US) frequency and not fall as low as 59.4 Hz or rise to as high as 60.6 Hz which are unacceptable levels. There is provided in the embodiment of FIG. 12, a control motor (not shown) connected to the first and second connected spur/helical three variable speed converter assembly with an adjustment gear 1270 for providing an approximately constant rotational speed input as a Control motor input 1265 even with no electric load conditions. In this example, it is the renewable energy harnessing module (simulated by an input motor 1260) which must produce output power while a control Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 motor 1265 produces less power when a generator output frequency deviates substantially from 60 Hz (US). The rotational output of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear speed converter is assumed to be connected to an output electricity generator which outputs an approximately constant 60 Hz (US), for example, with no load as the input speed varies from 800 to 1,600 rpm. If the control motor/generator speed is set to 1,200 rpm when the load 1450 is zero or no load, the electric output will be at a constant frequency of 60.0 Hz (US). We will later consider the situation when due to drops in harnessing of renewable energy or variable load conditions such as when a black-out or brown-out of electric power availability occurs in a discussion of FIG. 22.
[0086-3] Variable input from a renewable energy harnessing module and variable load may also cause a decrease or increase in control motor rotational speed output and an associated undesirable reduction or increase in 60 Hz (US) output electricity generator frequency.
For example, if grid load varies from 0 Watts to 60 Watts and further jumps to 120 Watts, generator input rotational speed reduces from a desirable 1200 rpm at no load down to 1191 rpm at maximum 120 Watts load. This drop in generator rpm results in a reduction of generator electric frequency from 60 Hz with no grid variable load to 59.3 Hz which is outside of limits for delivery of power in the United States. A variable input speed motor may replace a renewable energy harnessing module and may turn an input shaft of a first and second connected spur or helical, (bevel or miter or ring gear) speed converter of FIG. 12 as if the variable control speed motor were the output of a harnessing module such as the propeller of a wind turbine or the waterwheel of a water flow turbine; then, a variable rotational speed input from renewable power harnessed from water flow from 800 to 1,600 rpm varies with an output load between 0 and 120 watts. A first step is that the variable load increasing from 0 Watts to 120 Watts has an impact on the output electricity generator rotational speed which in a second step can cause the frequency of the output electricity generator to vary between 60 Hz at no load to and undesirable 59.3 Hz at a 120 watt load. Note that the output generator rotational speed is the same as that of a control motor providing a control speed input (control input speed "b" of FIG. 11) that is likewise a constant 1,200 rpm at no load and the generator outputs electricity at 60 Hz frequency. The output is related to two variables: the input speed harnessed by a renewable energy harnessing module and the variation of system load of an electric grid (for example, during hot summer days when air conditioning is used by most power company customers). The control motor may adapt to either produce the minimum constant Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 rotational speed to an expected 1,200 rpm or receive feedback from the grid that load has increased due to the heat.
100871 Table 5 below shows the mathematics behind converting a variable rotational speed input comprising a constant speed X plus a variable rotational speed A to a constant speed output so as to eliminate the variable speed portion A of the input X + A. Description table shows formulae for components: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h and i. The Variable Input is between 1,800 and 3,600 rpm. The Constant Output "i" is -1,800 rpm which is -X from the input at a of X + A.
The speed variation A from, for example, a constant X = 1,800 rpm has been eliminated. There are shown just three examples of variable input rotational speed 1225, but the constant output speed may be constant ¨
X (-1,800 rpm) through the input from 1,800 rpm to 3,600 rpm.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 o a) Table 5 ir x a) Conversion of Variable Input Speed X + A rpm to Constant Output Rotational Speed ¨ X rpm .0 c a) c) Letters from a) Description Variable Input = 1,800 to 3600 rpm a) Key Figure 11 x a) O a Input=X+ A
1,800 = 1,800 + 0 2,700 = 1,800 + 900 3,600 = 1,800 +
1,800 cp z ci) a b Control = X/2 1,800/2=900 1,800/2=900 1,800/2=900 1..) c) IQ
Y c c = 2b-a = 2(X/2)-(X+A)= -A 2(900) ¨
1,800 = -0 2b-a = 2(900) ¨ 2,700 = -900 2(900) ¨ 3,600 =
cT:"
Iv d " " -d A Ientified Op _J., e e = c 0 900 1,800 f f = e -0 -900 -1,800 g g = -(1/2)f -(1/2)(-0) =0 -(1/2)(-900) = 450 -(1/2)(-1,800) = 900 a, NJ "-A" Adjusted to "A/2"
h Input = X+A 1,800 + 0 1,800 + 900 1,800 + 1,800 i Output i = 2g-h 2(0) ¨
(1,800+0) = 2(450)-(1,800+900)= 2(900)-(1,800+1800)=
=2[-2/2e] ¨ (X+A) = -X -1,800 - 0 -1,800 - 0 -1,800- 0 "-N' Estimated (A = -0) Constant Output 100881 Table 6 below shows a reverse of the mathematics of Table 5 above where an input of a constant rotational speed X (where X, for example, may be a constant 1,800 rpm) may be output as a variable output rotational speed anywhere between 0 rpm and -1,800 rpm by changing the Control variable "b" of the first spur/helical gear Transgear assembly between 0 and 900 rpm.
These are just three examples of speed but the variable output speed may be infinitely variable between -Orpm and to a maximum -1800 rpm.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 o n) Table 6 '6 x a) Conversion of Constant Input Speed X rpm to Infinitely Variable Output Speed 0¨ -X rpm .0 c a) c) Letters from a) Description Constant Input Speed = 1,800 rpm CD Key Figure 11 x CD
CI a Input = X 1,800 rpm 1,800 rpm 1,800 rpm a) z a) a b Control 0 rpm 450 rpm 900 rpm 1..) o IQ
Y c = d c = 2b-a 2(0) ¨ 1,800 = -1,800 2(450) ¨ 1,800 = -900 2(900) ¨ 1,800 = - 0 IQ
Op e e = -c 1,800 f f = -e -1,800 g g = -(1/2)f -(1/2)(-1,800) = 900 -(1/2)(-900) = 450 -(1/2)(-0) = 0 a) 4=. h Input = X 1,800 rpm 1,800 rpm 1,800 rpm i Output i = 2g-h 2(900)¨ (1,800) = -0 2(450)-1,800)= -900 2(0)-(1,800)= -1,800 10088-11 FIG. 13 is a graphical depiction of load, for example, of a grid to be supplied power by the present invention. The grid load may be between a no load condition and 1314 Watts. The alternative electric power axis graphically depicts mechanical power captured by a renewable harnessing module as input power rising, for example, during a windstorm or a torrential rain causing high river currents and high generation of variable rotational speed energy per the dotted line input power 1960. As described earlier, a sample output power may be represented by a straight-line increase in power from 0 Watts to 1314 Watts. At this same time, input power is approximately 1.5 kW. Control power is also represented as a straight line and controls the value of output power to the predetermined minimum constant power value. When output power exceeds control power, there is an electrical advantage demonstrating that there is a net increase in output power 1975 over control power used to maintain output power. This electrical advantage may be a net positive value of (X) or a little higher. What causes no electrical advantage is when control power does not exceed output power, for example, during no winds, a drought condition, no sunshine, or a tidal change from high tide to low tide or when there is no tidal estuary movement at all.
[0089] Table 7 below assumes that a variable speed input motor (varying in speed, for example, between 800 and 1,600 rpm) turns a shaft of a dual connected transgear gear assembly having a connecting adjustment gear assembly (to be discussed with respect to FIG. 12).
There is also provided a control motor connected to the dual connected transgear mechanical speed converter assembly for providing variable rotational speed input as a control motor. The dual connected transgear mechanical speed converter is assumed to be connected to an electricity generator which outputs a constant electric frequency when the grid load is none or zero load.
This experiment shows that when the input rotational speed is variable, for example, between 800 and 1,600 rpm, and the load is zero, regardless of the input rotational speed, if the control motor speed is 1,200 rpm, the generator attached to the motor is rotating at 1,200 rpm and generates a constant 60.0 Hz (US) electric frequency per arrow.
Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 o n) Table 7 '6 x Variable Rotational Speed Input to Constant Electrical Frequency (Constant at No Load) a) .0 c a) c) (1) Variable Input Electrical CD Control Motor Generator Load x Speed Motor Frequency a) a) z rpm rpm rpm Hz Watts a) a N.) 800¨ 1,600 1,191 1,191 59.4 0 o I \ ) Y 800 ¨ 1,600 1,196 1,196 59.7 0 IQ
C" 800 ¨ 1,600 1,200 1,200 60.0 0 F
800 ¨ 1,600 1,204 1,204 60.3 0 800 ¨ 1,600 1,208 1,208 60.6 0 a) C., 10089-11 FIG.'s 14, 15A, 15B, 15C and 15D first demonstrate Pascal's principle and then proceed to an analogy to Key Han's principle. See Tables 8A and 8B below. Pascal's is a principle of hydraulics. FIG. 14 and 15A show, using FIG. 14 as an example, that a small original force 1410 Fi is spread over a small area Ai and a compressor at force Fi yields a pressure Pi = Fi / Ai that is able to lift a car whose weight is spread over a larger area Az, so a small force can actually lift the weight of an automobile. FIG. 15B is a mechanical analogy to Pascal's principle of hydraulics.
See Tables 8A and 8B below. That is, a small rotational speed input to first and second connected trsansgear assemblies may be controlled via an adjustment gear 1525 to output a predetermined (by the crossing of the output power line 1375 over the control power line, there is an electrical advantage converted from a rotational speed advantage delivered to an output electricity generator so that constant electrical power may be generated at constant frequency at any grid load. A
transgear, similarly to the three variables: force, pressure and area, has three variables: input rotational speed, control rotational speed and output rotational speed converted by output 1530 when input rotational speed exceeds control rotational speed such that an output electricity generator may deliver constant frequency and constant electrical power to a variable load. The graphs of three variables input power, control power, and output power: input power provided by a harnessing module or simulated by a motor running at variable speeds and producing input power of simulated renewable energy of between 0.5 and over 1.5 kW related to the operation of the first and second connected transgear assemblies. The input power collected by a harnessing module will be greater than that output as output power by an electricity generator as output power.
Control power applied by a control motor is shown linearly increasing until there is a crossing of control power and output power. The line crossing occurs at approximately a load of 740 Watts.
From the respective level of input power on to the end of the graph, there is an electrical advantage whenever output power exceeds control power. A variable load value in Watts reaches a maximum of 1,314 Watts. At that level, there is an electrical advantage of output power in kW of approximately 1.133 kW versus control power of about 0.950 kW. This results in a mechanical relationship to a closed three variable hydraulic system and Pascal's principle. As the power rating of both closed systems increases, the hydraulic/electrical advantage increases.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 Table 8A
Pascal's Principle Closed Hydraulic System 3 Variable System 1. Force = Pressure x Area 2. F = PA
3. If "P" is constant 4. Closed System

5. P = F1/A1 = F2/A2

6. F2 = (A2/A1)F1

7. If A2> Ai,

8. F2> F1 (Mechanical Force)

9. Mechanical Advantage Table 8B
Key Han's Principle Balance Rotary Motion System 3 Variable System 1. Power = Torque x Speed 2. P = Tw 3. If "T" is constant 4. Speed & Torque Balanced System 5. T = Pilwi = P2/w2 = P3/w3 6. P3 = (W3/W2)P2 7. If w3 > w2 8. P3> P2 (Electrical Power) 9. Electrical Advantage Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 [0090] Table 9 below is a similar table to Table 7 above as to showing components of a variable speed input motor turning an input shaft of a dual connected transgear speed converter as if the variable speed input motor were the output of a harnessing module such as the propeller of a wind turbine or the waterwheel of a water flow turbine. A variable rotational speed input from 800 to 1,600 rpm is shown varying with an output load between 0 and 120 watts.
A step #1 is that the variable load has an impact on the electricity output generator rotational speed input which in step #2 can cause the electrical frequency output of the electricity generator 1530 to vary between 60 Hz at no load to 59.3 Hz at a 120 watt load. Note that the generator rotational speed is the same as that of a control motor providing a control speed input that is likewise a constant 1,200 rpm at no load. This experiment shows that the electrical frequency output of the electricity generator is related to both the variable input rotational speed, for example, from a harnessing module and the variable electrical output load which is allowed to vary from 0 to 120 watts.
Table 9 Variable Input and Variable Load. Variable load causes a variation in output electric frequency.
fess.'Step #2 -4N
Variable Input Control Electric Variable Generator Speed Motor Motor Frequency Load rpm rpm rpm Hz Watts 800¨ 1,600 1,200 1,200 60.0 0 800 ¨ 1,600 1,196 1,196 59.7 60 800 ¨ 1,600 1,191 1,191 59.3 120 liµosiimier Step #1 [0091] Table 10 below continues the example of a variable input providing a constant output electrical frequency of an electricity generator by providing more power to the control motor so it can reduce the generator input rotational speed back to 1200 rpm from reaching 1208 rpm at 120 watts load. When a control motor is used with speed control by varying the voltage it takes from a harnessing module or from the grid, there results a constant electrical frequency output even Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 when there is varying input rotational speed from motor 1610 and variable load 1650, the control motor speed, for example, in no load conditions is a constant 60 Hz but also with varying input speed and varying load, a control motor speed of 1204 rpm may be corrected to 1,200 rpm at 60 Watts load as may a control motor speed of 1,208 rpm at 120 Watts load. This experiment shows that a constant frequency 60 Hz can be produced if the control motor is adjusted to 1,200 rpm when both the input speed and electrical load are variable.
Table 10 Variable Input and Variable Load. Control motor use with speed adjustment results in constant frequency Variable Input Electric Variable Control Motor Generator Speed Motor Frequency Load rpm rpm rpm Hz Watts 800 ¨ 1,600 1,200 1,200 60.0 0 800 ¨ 1,600 1,204¨o- 1,200 1,200 60.0 60 800 ¨ 1,600 1,208¨ 1,200 1,200 60.0 120 [0091-1] FIG.'s 16A, 16B and 16C demonstrate examples of a renewable energy harnessing module and a generating module in side view and cut view. FIG.' s 16A, 16B and 16C, introduced above, are examples of renewable hydrokinetic energy harnessing modules. Per FIG. 16A, harnessing module 1610 may have a propeller 1608-1 that turns a shaft 1615-1 to capture renewable water or wind energy, for example, in a clockwise direction. The shaft 1615-1 continues to a generating module 1620 where shaft 1615-1 becomes a permanent magnet rotor rotating inside a surrounding stator coil, the combination generating variable electric power at varying frequency.
The cross-section to the right shows the stationary stator coil. FIG. 16B
shows propeller 1615-1 attached to a sleeve 1612 turning a permanent magnet rotor while input shaft and attached stator coil remain stationary. This combination comprises a renewable energy harnessing module that produces variable rotational speed (X + A rpm) and also generates variable electric power at varying frequency. FIG. 16C is the reverse of FIG. 17B such that the stator coil (such as the stator coil of FIG. 16A) remains stationary while propeller 1602-2 is turned by water or air in a clockwise Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 direction to produce variable rotational speed as wells as variable electric power at varying frequency.
[0092] Figure 12 is a schematic of a dual spur or helical transgear assembly connected by an adjustment gear 1260 and built and tested as an engineering sample having a variable rotational speed input at input shaft 1260 of, for example, 1,800 rpm + a variable speed A rpm from a renewable energy harnessing module. The input variable rotational speed at input shaft 1260 received from the harnessing module is translated to a first transgear shaft 1290 of the first of the dual connected spur or helical transgear speed converters comprising first and second spur gear assemblies 1780 and 1785 with the first transgear output meshed to the adjustment gear connected to the second transgear. See adjustment 1770 of 1 to -1/2 (the diameter of right sun gear of Transgear #1 is 1/2 of the diameter of carrier gear of Transgear #2). A
control motor (not shown) provides a control input of constant 1,800 rpm. The adjustment 1760 between the two assemblies is the same 1 to ¨ 1/2. The output is recovered by an output shaft 1775 by gears meshed with the output at right sleeve sun gear (not numbered).
[0093] Table 11 below is a table of test data taken from sample dual connected transgear assembly.
At left is seen variable load starting at 0 load and increasing incrementally by 295 Watts for three times to a sum of 885 watts and then by 180 watts for two times to a sum of 1245 watts and finally by a single increment of 69 watts to a total of 1314 watts. Referring to the bold black box at 0 Watts load 1806, then, rotational Speeds 1808 of Input, Control and Output with 0 load are shown as 2012 rpm, 1782 rpm and 3564 rpm respectively. Torque 1812 in Newton meters is shown for input, control and output as 0.96, 2.16 and 0.68 respectively. Power 1814 in kilo Watts is shown for input, control and output respectively as 0.393, 0.279 and 0. Electricity frequency output 1816 by a generator is measured as 60.3 Hz and the voltage output 1818 at no load is 119.7 volts (just less than 120 volts, the US standard voltage. This experiment shows that the frequency 1816 is decreasing as the variable load 1806 increases.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 o a) Table 11 ii x a) Test Data of Dual Transgear Speed Converter .0 c a) o a) a) Variable Electrical!
x Rotational Speed in rpm Torque Nm Power kW Frequency CD Load Voltage c-) a) z W EW Input Control Output Input Control Output Input , Control Output Hz VAC
a) a 0 0 2012 1782 3564 .96 2.16 .68 0.393 0.279 0 60.3 119.7 1..) o Iv 295 295 2010 1768 3537 1.49 3.89 1.49 0.510 0.435 0.284 59.9 116.7 Y
295 590 2009 1755 3511 2.16 5.50 2.27 0.659 0.592 0.560 59.5 114.0 IQ
03 295 885 2005 1740 3482 3.08 7.12 3.00 0.858 0.733 0.809 59.0 111.4 180 1065 2004 1733 3468 3.64 7.91 3.47 1.007 0.824 0.955 58.7 109.5 180 1245 2002 1722 3449 4.30 8.82 3.89 1.182 0.920 1.089 58.4 107.3 69 1314 1999 1718 3436 4.93 9.21 4.05 1.317 0.950 1.133 58.2 106.5 -.1 Iv [0093-1] Figure 17 is a block schematic diagram of a complete harnessing module 1710 outputting variable rotational speed (X + A rpm) to a dual transgear speed converter 1720 comprising, for example, first and second spur or helical gears, first and second bevel or miter gears or ring gears comprising a renewable energy harnessing module 1710 of a constant rotational speed 1,800 rpm + a variable speed A rpm harnessed by the harnessing module 1710 by an even greater speed of wind, water or brightness of the sun. Input rotational speed, for example, to shaft 1615-1 and propeller 1608-2 is translated to a central shaft (crosshatched of the permanent magnet rotor) of the dual transgear speed converter 1720 comprising for example, first and second spur gear or helical gear assemblies. A control motor 1730 may provide a control input rotational speed of constant 1,800 rpm where the power to run control motor is taken from the grid while electricity generator 1740 delivers power to the grid. The adjustment between the two assemblies (transgears) may be the same 1 to ¨ 1/2 as Figure 9. Because control motor power is taken from the grid, there is no crossover point between input rotational speed captured by harnessing module 1710 and control motor 1730 input. Soon, we will discuss a situation where control motor power is taken from the harnessing module and then subtracted from the power used by the control motor. The output rotational speed is recovered by an output shaft to the electricity generator 1740 by gears meshed with the input to the electricity generator 1740.
[0093-2] Figure 18 shows a block schematic diagram of a harnessing module and generator combination 1805 introduced in Figure 16A. This harnessing module harnesses mechanical rotational speed for delivery to first and second connected transgear assemblies connected by an adjustment gear. A voltage regulator 1815 is shown controlling control motor 1830. Voltage regulator 1815 may sample the harnessed rotational input speed harnessed by harnessing module as variable electric energy and generator 1805 and also the variable electric energy output of electricity generator 1840 to balance the value of voltages delivered by both to the control motor whose rotational speed delivered to the first and second transgear assemblies 1820 according to feedforward rotational speed and variable electric output of the harnessing module and generator 1805 and the feedback value of the load of electricity generator 1840.
[0094] Figure 19 shows a block schematic drawing of a harnessing module and generator 1905 having a cable to voltage regulator 1915 and to input motor 1910. Most of the input electric power harnessed by the module 1905 is delivered to the input motor 1910. Input motor 1910 delivers constant rotational speed to the first and second transgear assemblies 1920 while voltage regulator Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 1915 samples feedforward voltage for controlling the rotational speed output of control motor 1930. FIG. 19 shows taking a sample from output electricity generator 1940 as a second input to voltage regulator which considers both the harnessing module and generator 1905 sample voltage output and a sample voltage sample from the output of electricity generator voltage 1940 to determine at voltage regulator 1915 whether a varying load served by the electricity generator should be considered in determining the control voltage forwarded to the control motor 1930.
[0095] Figure 20 shows a schematic block diagram of the system of FIG. 19 with a couple of differences. Harnessing modules and generators 2005-1, 2005-2, 2005-3 may, for example, represent a number of renewable energy wind turbines of a wind farm. Some wind turbines may be receiving enough wind to turn their respective propellers while other propellers of other wind turbines may not be turning at all. The point is that, for example, several wind turbines working together to generate variable electricity at variable rotational speed can both harness rotational speed from the turning of at least one propeller of one harnessing module (wind turbine) at a predetermined rotational speed of the one wind turbine. Also, variable electric power at variable frequency may be generated by the one propeller of the one wind turbine and may be output by an electric cable to turn input motor 2010 which provides a rotational speed to turn one of: a first and second connected transgear spur or helical gear assembly having an adjustment gear, a first and second connected bevel or miter gear transgear assembly or a first and second connected transgear ring gear assembly 2020. Meanwhile, the cable carries an electric voltage to voltage regulator 2015 and a sample output voltage of electricity generator 2040 is also delivered to voltage regulator 2015 with the result that a variable voltage is delivered to operate control motor 2020 to develop a control motor voltage. Control motor 2030 outputs a control rotational speed to one of the types of dual connected transgear assemblies 2070 which outputs a control rotational speed to operate electricity generator 2040. The electricity output by electricity generator 2040 is provided to a grid so long as its value exceeds a minimum constant electric energy at a constant frequency. Note that the power operating the control motor 2030 is mostly received from at least one harnessing module and generator.
[0096] FIG. 21 is much like FIG. 20 but for its depiction of a plurality of solar panels of a solar panel farm. Three panels are shown: 2100-1,2100-2 and 2100-3. Cable, input motor 2110, control motor 2130, voltage regulator 2115 and electricity generator 2140 operate in a similar manner to FIG. 20. The problem with solar panels is that they may only receive sunlight during daytime Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 hours. There can be no generation of electric power at night. When a wind farm of FIG. 20 is combined with a plurality of solar panels, it is more likely that electricity generator 2140 will be able to deliver electric power at constant frequency because of the variable inputs received from wind farms and solar panels. Imagine, however, that hydrokinetic (river) turbines are located with a short distance from one another so that the cable electric transmission loss of power tying all three types of renewable energy harnessing modules together. Because river kinetic energy can typically be relied on except when there is a drought or the river freezes and cannot turn the harnessing module, a usable minimum value of electric power at constant frequency can be obtained following Key Han's principle of FIG.' s 15B and 15D are followed.
[0097] Figure 22 is a mechanical diagram of a first and second connected spur or helical transgear assembly 2280 and 2285 connected by an adjustment gear 2270. The first transgear assembly 2280 receives rotational speed from a harnessing module and variable electricity from a generator combination per FIG. 16A but has a control motor 2215 that is powered by a grid 2230. In a similar manner to FIG. 12, an input shaft 2260 delivers mechanical rotational speed (X + A rpm) to each spur/helical transgear assembly 1280, 1285. Input shaft 1260 provides an equivalent input rotational speed to both input shaft 1290 of first transgear assembly 1280 and input shaft 1295 to second transgear assembly 1295. Figure 22 shows a reverse of the mathematics of Figure 12 where control power is taken from a normal electric grid suffering no blackouts or brownouts. Unlike the graph of FIG. 13, there is no crossing of a control power linear graph with that of output power because the control power is provided by a normal electric grid and not by a renewable energy harnessing module. When an input of a minimum constant rotational speed X, where X, for example, may be a minimum constant 1,800 rpm, this value of X rpm as an input rotational speed may produce output 2275 among -0 rpm, -900 rpm and -1800 rpm by changing the Control variable b (Figure 11) here an input control speed of X rpm from control motor 2215 as a control provided as a control mechanical rotational speed output of a control motor 2215 of the first spur gear transgear assembly 2280 at any rotational speed, for example, between 0 rpm, 450 rpm and 900 rpm to vary the mechanical rotational speed of input shafts 2290 and 2295 to the respective connected first and second transgear assemblies. As control rotational speed 2265 ("b") increases, output 2275 ("i") decreases. These are just three output speeds "i" in this example: -0, -900 and -1,800 rpm, but the variable output speed ("i") may be infinitely variable (IV) between 0 and -1,800 Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 rpm, for example, for infinitely variable transmissions (IVTs) and infinitely variable compressors if Key Han's principle, discussed later herein, is satisfied.
[0098] FIG. 23 is a variation of the embodiment of FIG. 22 and shows a mechanical schematic diagram which adds a battery 2345 and a voltage regulator 2315 between generator 2350 and the connection between the battery 2345 and the control motor 2330. FIG. 23 has the following similar components to FIG. 22: input 2360, first transgear assembly 2380 connected to second transgear assembly 2385, adjustment 2360 and output shaft to electricity generator 2375.
The advantage of this FIG. 23 is that battery 2345 may supply power to the control motor 2330 and, if the battery 2345 starts to run low, generator 2350 may provide voltage via voltage regulator 2315 to control motor 2330 when the battery is low. An example of an embodiment of FIG. 23 is the solar panel example FIG. 21 or an example involving a tidal estuary change from high to low tide or vice versa when the estuary is quiet and a hydrokinetic harnessing module propeller (not shown) cannot turn because there is no movement of water during a change of tides. The battery 2345 can provide the power to the control motor 2330 and when the tidal estuary is changing tides, the first and second connected spur or helical transgear assemblies 2380, 2385 may output rotational speed as usual via output 2375 to an electricity generator. Generator 2350 is not needed when battery 2345 is charged. Generator 2350 depletes electricity that could be output via output shaft 2375 to an electricity generator for the grid.
[0099] Table 12 below is a comparison of a two-variable system with a three variable system as to power ratio and efficiency. A two variable system comprises only two variables: input power and output power. Power ratio and efficiency are simply output power divided by input power. The Hummingbird speed converters described in this patent application comprise a three-variable system in which Input Power exceeds Control Power (provided to a control motor for inputting control rotational speed to the speed converter). The speed converter provides rotational speed to a generator of electric power in a water flow turbine for converting input rotation speed of an output shaft of the second Transgear gear assembly via an adjustment into electricity at a desired frequency. The power ratio is control power divided by the constant generated power by an electricity generator. The efficiency of a three variable control speed converter is measured by generated power less control power divided by generated power.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 Table 12 Two Variable System = Input Power > Output Power = Power Ratio = Output Power! Input Power = Efficiency = Output Power I Input Power Three Variable System of Dual Transgears with Adjustment Gear = Input Power > Control Power + Generated Power Power Ratio and Efficiency = Power Ratio = Control Power Generated Power = Efficiency = Generated Power ¨ Control Power Generated Power 101001 The purpose of the foregoing Abstract is to enable the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and the public generally and especially the scientists, engineers and practitioners in the relevant art(s) who are not familiar with patent or legal terms or phraseology, to determine quickly from a cursory inspection the nature and essence of this technical disclosure. The Abstract is not intended to be limiting as to the scope of the present invention in any way.

Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28

Claims

Claims:

1. A system comprising a connected energy harnessing module, a connected output electricity generator, and a control gear assembly comprising first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies as a speed converter for controlling a variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module such that an output of the control gear assembly provides a predetermined minimum constant rotational speed output from the variable rotational speed input from the connected energy hamessing module, the control gear assembly outputting the predetermined minimum constant value of rotational speed to the connected output electricity generator connected to the control gear assembly, the connected output electricity generator outputting a predetermined minimum constant value of electricity, a first variable of first, second and third variables of the control gear assembly comprising an input variable, the second variable of the control gear assembly comprising a control variable and the third variable of the control gear assembly comprising an output variable of each of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies, wherein the connected energy harnessing module comprises a combined generating module, the connected energy harnessing module designed to harness renewable mechanical energy from a variable flow of wind or water, the connected energy harnessing module requiring sufficient wind flow or a depth and speed of water flow to turn one of a first input shaft or sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module and the combined generating module at the variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module while the connected output electricity generator outputs a predetermined minimum constant value of electric energy at constant frequency for delivery to a load, wherein each of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assemblies comprises a second input shaft connected to the first input shaft or sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module for receiving harnessed mechanical rotational speed energy from the first input shaft or sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module, the first input shaft or sleeve from the connected energy harnessing module connecting to the second input shaft of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assembly, the first input shaft or sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module for receiving the variable rotational speed input from one of a variable wind and water flow energy received by the connected energy harnessing module, the variable rotational speed input optionally being received at the second input shaft Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, and ring gear transgear assembly, each of the transgear assemblies delivering a predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component to the output gear of the control gear assembly for driving the connected output electricity generator, wherein the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly comprises a first input gear, the first input gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being integral with or connected to the second input shaft of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, the first input gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly for receiving the harnessed mechanical rotational speed energy from the first input shaft or sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module, and a control shaft of the first connected spur or helical gear, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly for receiving a control rotational speed of a shaft of a control motor, an output gear and an output shaft of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly for outputting the predetermined minimum constant rotational speed to the connected output electricity generator for generating electricity at constant frequency, wherein the system comprises:
an adjustment gear assembly comprising an adjustment gear, the adjustment gear meshed with an output gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly via an idle gear located between the output sun gear of each transgear assembly and the adjustment gear when the first and second transgear assemblies are spur or helical, or bevel or miter, transgear assemblies, and the adjustment gear directly meshed with an output gear of the first transgear assembly when the first and second transgear assemblies are ring gear transgear assemblies, and the adjustment gear also meshed with a control gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly , the adjustment gear for controlling the variable rotational speed input to the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly with respect to the output gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly by eliminating a variable rotational speed component from the variable rotational speed input to the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies resulting in the predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component at the output sun gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 a control carrier gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly including pins for the first connected spur or helical and bevel or miter gear transgear assembly, the pins for supporting at least first and second planetary gears meshing with the input gear connected to or integral with the input shaft of the first connected spur or helical and bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies respectively, an output gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being connected to the connected output electricity generator, the first input gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly being connected to a first control gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly, the adjustment gear of the adjustment gear assembly connected between a second control gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assembly and the output gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring transgear assembly, and a voltage regulator connected to one of the combined generating module of the connected energy harnessing module and the connected output electricity generator driven by the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter gear and ring gear transgear assemblies, the voltage regulator for determining a control voltage of a control motor of the system, the control motor for providing a control rotational speed to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter and ring gear transgear assemblies, and wherein the adjustment gear determines a difference between the variable rotational speed input component and the predetermined minimum constant output rotational speed component of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies speed converters.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first transgear assembly is a first ring gear assembly having an input gear integral with or connected to the input shaft of the first ring gear assembly for receiving the variable rotational speed input from the connected energy harnessing module having a predetermined minimum constant rotational input speed component and a variable rotational speed input component, the first ring gear assembly having a Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 first ring control gear for receiving a control rotational speed output of the control motor, the control motor receives a voltage from the voltage regulator determined by the combined generating module and the connected output electricity generator, the voltage regulator receives a variable voltage from one of the combined generating module and the connected output electricity generator, and an output electricity value of the connected output electricity generator is at constant frequency for delivery to the load.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the connected energy harnessing module functions to harness one of variable wind flow and water flow energy and for generating electricity at variable alternating current frequency, the connected energy harnessing module connected to the combined-generating module, the combined generating module comprising one of a permanent magnet rotor connected to the input shaft of the connected energy harnessing module or a stator coil comprising one of the input shaft of the connected energy harnessing module and the stator coil surrounding the input shaft and a peinianent magnet rotor having a rotating sleeve supporting a propeller of the connected energy harnessing module, the one of the rotating sleeve about the input shaft of the connected energy harnessing module having a propeller connected to the rotating sleeve of the connected energy harnessing module, and wherein a flexible electricity cable connects the connected energy harnessing module and combined generator to the voltage regulator and to an input motor connected to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear assemblies.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein:
the energy harnessing module and the combined generating module provide a variable alternating current frequency voltage to the voltage regulator via the flexible electricity cable, the voltage regulator for powering the control motor is responsive to the variable alternating current frequency voltage, Date Regue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the control motor outputs a constant rotational control speed, the control motor for providing the constant rotational control speed to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter ring gear transgear assemblies; and the connected energy harnessing module provides a variable alternating current frequency to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear assemblies via the flexible electricity cable connecting the connecting energy harnessing module to the input motor and to the voltage regulator.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the system comprises a plurality of the connected energy harnessing modules and the combined generating modules, the connected energy harnessing modules and the combined generating modules connected in one of parallel and series, the plurality of the combined generating modules for generating a combined alternating current, the combined generating modules each connecting to the voltage regulator and the input motor by the flexible electricity cable, the voltage regulator for powering the control motor and the control motor for receiving a control voltage from the voltage regulator, the control motor for outputting a constant rotational speed to the speed converter founed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear assemblies and the combined generating modules for outputting a constant input rotational speed to each of the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear assemblies via the input motor.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the connected energy harnessing module and combined generating module provide an alternating current for powering an alternating current constant speed control motor via the voltage regulator, the alternating current constant speed control motor for providing a constant rotational speed control input to the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical gear, bevel or miter gear and ring gear transgear assemblies.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second connected spur or helical gear transgear assemblies are connected to one another by an adjustment gear assembly according to a basic spur gear transgear assembly rule for calculating rotational speed, the basic spur gear transgear Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 assembly rule being C=(L+R)/2, wherein C = control carrier gear rpm, the control canier gear comprising the control variable in rpm of the first spur or helical gear transgear assembly, L = input sun gear rpm, the input sun gear comprising the input variable in rpm of the first spur or helical gear transgear assembly and R = output gear rpm, the output gear comprising the output gear of the second connected spur or helical gear transgear assembly such that C = (L + R) / 2 rpm; L = 2C ¨ R rpm and R = 2C ¨ L rpm, the transgear assembly rule applicable to the first and second connected transgear assemblies.

8. The system according to claim 1, Wherein the connected energy harnessing module comprises a propeller connected to one of a shaft of a permanent magnet rotor coil and a sleeve of a permanent magnet rotor coil, the propeller for harnessing variable wind flow and water flow power, the propeller of the energy harnessing module for generating a torque and rotating at a rotational speed of a predetermined minimum value output power generated by the connected output electricity generator calculated by multiplying generated torque with generated rotational speed less control power output by the contrn1 motor, the connected output electricity generator driving a variable value of load.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein the connected energy harnessing module and combined generating module comprise a propeller and an associated input shaft or sleeve for capturing one of variable wind flow and water flow renewable energy, the propeller rotating in a rotational direction responsive to the direction of variable wind flow and water flow and having a vane coupled to the input shaft or sleeve for directing variable wind flow and water flow to the propeller;
or wherein the control gear assembly is for use in controlling rotational speed of the connected energy harnessing module and combined generating module, the control gear assembly wherein the connected energy harnessing module comprises one of the propeller, a water wheel and a paddle wheel for receiving one of variable wind flow and water flow from any horizontal direction with respect to a horizontal flow of the one of variable wind flow and water flow, Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 the combined generating module having an input shaft comprising a permanent magnet rotor and a surrounding stator coil connecting to the input shaft of the combined generating module, the input shaft of the combined generating module connected to an input shaft of the one of the propeller, the water wheel and the paddle wheel, and the connected energy harnessing module and combined generating module for outputting both variable rotational speed and variable voltage.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein the speed converter formed by the first and a second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies receives the variable rotational speed output (X + A) from the connected energy harnessing module and the combined generating module, the connected energy harnessing module having a shaft for turning the combined generating module, the combined generating module outputting a predetermined minimum value of power based on harnessed wind flow or water flow variable speed and direction by taking measurements of generated voltage of the combined generator module by the voltage regulator periodically over a period of time.

11. The system according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment gear of the adjustment gear assembly of the first and second connected spur or helical or bevel or miter gear assemblies of the speed converter comprise the output gear of the second connected spur or helical or bevel or miter gear transgear assembly, the first connected transgear assembly having, when a spur or helical, or bevel or miter, transgear assembly, an idle gear meshed with the adjustment gear, the adjustment gear connecting the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter assemblies together, and the second control carrier gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter gear transgear assembly also meshing with the adjustment gear;
the output sun gear of the first connected spur or helical, bevel or miter gear transgear assembly meshed with the idle gear, and the adjustment gear meshed with a carrier gear of the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter gear transgear assembly.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the system comprises a voltage regulator connected to a second output electricity generator via the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 helical gear transgear assemblies, the control motor connected to the second output electricity generator via the voltage regulator for delivering constant control rotational speed to the speed converter formed by first and the second connected spur or helical gear transgear assemblies, the voltage regulator for outputting electrical power for storage in a batteiy.

13. The system according to claim 6, wherein the control motor is connected to the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear speed converter via the voltage regulator, the control motor being one of a direct current motor powered by a solar panel and an alternating current motor powered by the combined generator module, and wherein the output electricity generator is connected to the first and the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies speed converter providing a constant power control output at constant frequency from the speed converter formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies.

14. The system according to claim 5, wherein the voltage regulator for determining an efficiency of the speed converter formed by the first and the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies is measured by output power generated by the output electricity generator less control power output by the control motor divided by the generated output power, the voltage regulator connected to the first and the second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter, or ring gear transgear assemblies speed converter.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein, in the control gear assembly, the speed converter is formed by the first and second connected spur or helical, bevel or miter or ring gear transgear assemblies being a torque balanced rotary speed converter, the torque balanced speed converter having three variables comprising input electric power, control electric power and generated output electric power sampled or determined by the voltage regulator as output of one of the connected energy harnessing module and combined generating module, the connected output electricity generator, and a second electricity generator where power is determined by a multiplication of torque and speed of an input shaft Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28 of the connected energy harnessing module, the control motor or the output electricity generator, and the control gear assembly for achieving an electrical advantage when generated electric power exceeds control power used by the control motor.

16. The system according to claim 1, wherein the control gear assembly comprises first and second connected spur or helical gear assemblies wherein the first spur or helical gear assembly comprises a larger first sun gear than the second sun gear of the first spur or helical gear assembly for modifying the input to output ratio of the first spur or helical gear assembly.

17. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first and second transgear assemblies of the speed converter are first and second connected bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies; and wherein the first and second bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies comprise first and second input gears respectively integral with or connected to an input shaft wherein the first and second bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies comprise the same size bevel or miter input gear diameter, such that a second output bevel or miter gear of the second bevel or miter gear assembly surrounds the input shaft of the second bevel or miter gear assembly and has a larger diameter for modifying the input to output ratio of the first and second bevel or miter gear assemblies of the speed converter.

18. The system according to claim 1, wherein the first bevel or miter gear assembly receive the variable rotational speed input having a predetermined minimum constant rotational input speed component and a variable rotational speed input component, the first bevel or miter gear transgear assembly having a carrier control gear surrounding the input shaft and the second bevel or miter gear transgear assembly having an adjustment gear meshed with an idle gear located between a first output sun gear surrounding the input shaft and the adjustment gear, the adjustment gear connecting the first and second bevel or miter gear transgear assemblies.

Date Recue/Date Received 2022-10-28