CA3083445A1

CA3083445A1 - Machine and related process for drilling ground covered in a porous layer

Info

Publication number: CA3083445A1
Application number: CA3083445A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Bruno DEMARCQ; Christophe REYNA; Maxime SITERRE
Original assignee: Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Current assignee: Soletanche Freyssinet SA
Priority date: 2019-06-21
Filing date: 2020-06-12
Publication date: 2020-12-21
Also published as: FR3097588A1; EP3754154A1; EP3754154B1; FR3097588B1

Abstract

L'invention concerne une machine pour forer, sous circulation de fluide, un sol (S) recouvert d'une couche poreuse (P) dans laquelle la machine comporte :
- une tête d'entraînement (14) pour entraîner en rotation une tige de forage (18), et - des moyens de circulation d'un fluide de forage configures pour injecter un fluide de forage a travers la tige de forage (18).
La machine est également configurée pour insérer, a travers la couche poreuse (P), un tube de protection (22) s'étendant autour de la tige de forage (18) et laissant un espace tubulaire intercalaire (29) entre la tige de forage (18) et le tube de protection (22), et dans laquelle la machine comprend également des premiers moyens de recuperation (30) du fluide de forage configures, lors de l'insertion du tube de protection (22) a travers la couche poreuse (P), pour aspirer, depuis l'extrémité
supérieure du tube de protection (22), le fluide de forage issu de la tige de forage et present a l'extrémité inferieure du tube de protection (22).
L'invention concerne également un train-travaux comportant une telle machine pour forer, et le procédé de forage correspondant.

Description

Description Titre de l'invention : Machine pour forer un sol recouvert d'une couche poreuse, et procede correspondant Domaine Technique [0001] La presente invention concerne le domaine des techniques de forage dans le sol, et plus particulierement les techniques de forage dites de petite perforation sous circulation de fluide.
Technique anterieure lo [0002] II est connu, pour installer dans un sol un ancrage, c'est-a-dire un micro-pieu, de realiser d'abord un forage en entrainant en rotation un outil de coupe qui va excaver le sol. Pendant le forage, on injecte en general un liquide, appele fluide de forage, afin de refroidir et lubrifier l'outil de coupe et d'evacuer les deblais.
[0003] On dispose ensuite une armature dans le forage, ou bien on laisse l'outil dans le forage avec sa tige d'entraInement, avant d'y injecter un coulis de scellement.
[0004] Toutefois, une telle technique de forage sous circulation de fluide peut endommager le sol du lieu de travail, ou plateforme, notamment en raison des infiltrations du fluide de forage tout autour du forage et en raison des contraintes mecaniques s'exergant au niveau de la couche de surface. Cela est particulierement problem atique dans le cas des sols presentant une couche poreuse devant etre preservee tout autour du forage, tel que les forages sur des installations ferroviaires qui presentent une couche superieure de ballast.
[0005] Une solution pour proteger une plateforme contre les infiltrations est de recuperer le fluide en tete de forage. Une telle solution se fait generalement en creusant une fosse dans laquelle une aspiration (pompe) est plongee.
Alternativement, il existe aussi des bacs perces au droit du forage et muni d'une bouche d'aspiration, ce qui permet d'eviter le creusement de la fosse.
[0006] Toutefois, le creusement d'une fosse ou l'installation de bacs perces au droit du forage est contraignant et rend le forage dependant de la bonne realisation d'etapes anterieures.
Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 Description Title of the invention: Machine for drilling a soil covered with a layer porous, and corresponding process Technical area The present invention relates to the field of drilling techniques in the soil, and more particularly the so-called small drilling techniques perforation under fluid circulation.
Prior technique lo [0002] It is known to install an anchor in a ground, that is to say a micropile, to first carry out a drilling by rotating a cutting tool which go excavate the ground. During drilling, a liquid is usually injected, called fluid drilling, in order to cool and lubricate the cutting tool and to remove debris.
[0003] A reinforcement is then placed in the borehole, or else we leave the tool in drilling with its driving rod, before injecting a grout of sealing.
[0004] However, such a drilling technique under circulation of fluid can damage the workplace floor or platform, in particular due to infiltration of the drilling fluid all around the borehole and due to constraints mechanisms exerting at the level of the surface layer. That is particularly problematic in the case of soils with a porous to be preserved all around the borehole, such as boreholes on of railway installations which have an upper layer of ballast.
[0005] A solution for protecting a platform against infiltration is of recover the fluid at the drill head. Such a solution is generally done in digging a pit in which a suction (pump) is immersed.
Alternatively, there are also bins drilled to the right of the borehole and fitted with of a suction mouth, which avoids the digging of the pit.
[0006] However, the digging of a pit or the installation of drilled tanks to the right drilling is restrictive and makes the drilling dependent on the good realization of previous stages.
Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

2 [0007] Par ailleurs, afin de proteger la couche de terrain de surface, il est egalement possible d'utiliser un tubage sur la couche concernee.
[0008] Toutefois, pour que l'etancheite par tubage soit efficace, il faut generalement utiliser un materiel muni d'une double tete, c'est-a-dire permettant une mise en rotation independante du tube et de la tige. Or, un tel materiel a double tete est onereux et volumineux, ce qui limite sa facilite de deplacement.
Exposé de l'invention [0009] La presente invention vise a resoudre les differents problemes techniques enonces precedemment. En particulier la presente invention vise a proposer une machine permettant de limiter les infiltrations de fluide de forage et de preserver la couche superieure du sol fore. Plus precisement, la presente invention vise a proposer une machine de forage permettant de ne pas destructurer la plateforme et ne necessitant pas de pose d'un bac de recuperation.
[0010] Ainsi, selon un aspect, il est propose une machine pour forer, sous circulation de fluide, un sol recouvert d'une couche poreuse, par exemple une couche de ballast. La machine comporte une tete d'entraInement pour entraIner en rotation une tige de forage, et des moyens de circulation d'un fluide de forage configures pour injecter un fluide de forage a travers la tige de forage.
[0011] La machine est egalement configuree pour inserer, a travers la couche poreuse, un tube de protection s'etendant autour de la tige de forage et laissant un espace tubulaire intercalaire entre la tige de forage et le tube de protection. La machine comprend egalement des premiers moyens de recuperation du fluide de forage configures, lors de l'insertion du tube de protection a travers la couche poreuse, pour aspirer, depuis l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, le fluide de forage issu de la tige de forage, present a l'extremite inferieure du tube de protection et remontant, de preference, via ledit espace tubulaire intercalaire.
[0012] Ainsi, la machine selon la presente invention utilise un tubage de protection, en plus de la tige de forage, sans utiliser de double tete, pour conserver l'integrite de la plateforme, et notamment de la couche poreuse, et assure l'etancheite par une aspiration continue en tete de tubage. II est alors possible d'avoir une utilisation autonome de la machine ne necessitant pas d'etape anterieure, telle Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 2 [0007] Furthermore, in order to protect the surface layer of land, it is also possible to use a casing on the layer concerned.
[0008] However, for the casing sealing to be effective, it is necessary usually use equipment fitted with a double head, i.e. allowing in independent rotation of tube and rod. However, such a double-headed material East expensive and bulky, which limits its ease of movement.
Disclosure of the invention [0009] The present invention aims to solve the various problems techniques previously stated. In particular, the present invention aims to provide a machine for limiting infiltration of drilling fluid and preserve the top layer of soil drilled. More precisely, the present invention aims at offer a drilling machine that does not destroy the structure of the platform and not requiring the installation of a drip tray.
[0010] Thus, according to one aspect, there is provided a machine for drilling, under circulation fluid, a floor covered with a porous layer, for example a layer of ballast. The machine has a drive head for driving in rotation a drill rod, and means for circulating a drilling fluid configures to inject drilling fluid through the drill pipe.
[0011] The machine is also configured to insert, through the layer porous, a protective tube extending around the drill pipe and leaving an intermediate tubular space between the drill pipe and the protection. The machine also comprises first means for recovering the fluid from drilling configures, when inserting the protective tube through the layer porous, to suck, from the upper end of the protection tube, the drilling fluid from the drill rod, present at the lower end tube protection and rising, preferably, via said tubular space interlayer.
[0012] Thus, the machine according to the present invention uses a tubing of protection, in addition to the drill rod, without using a double head, to keep integrity of the platform, and in particular of the porous layer, and ensures the tightness by continuous suction at the casing head. It is then possible to have a autonomous use of the machine not requiring a previous step, such Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

3 que la mise en place d'une fosse ou de bacs perces, tout en limitant les infiltrations de fluide de forage, notamment dans la couche poreuse.
[0013] Preferentiellement, la machine comprend egalement des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation du fluide de forage, les deuxiemes moyens de recuperation etant configures pour evacuer le fluide de forage issu de la tige de forage et ressortant par l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, de preference via ladit espace tubulaire intercalaire, lorsque le tube de protection est positionne a travers la couche poreuse.
[0014] Lorsque la couche poreuse a ete traversee, le tube de protection reste en place, pour continuer d'isoler le forage, et notamment la circulation de fluide de forage, de la couche poreuse. D'ailleurs, le tube de protection est desolidarise de la machine, et notamment de la tete d'entraInement. Dans le meme temps, l'outil de forage continue de creuser, sous la couche poreuse, avec une circulation de fluide : ce dernier est alors recupere a travers l'espace tubulaire intercalaire entre le tube de protection et la tige de forage.
[0015] Preferentiellement, les premiers et deuxiemes moyens de recuperation component une pompe commune et un moyen de liaison configure pour relier la pompe commune aux premiers moyens de recuperation lors de !Insertion du tube de protection a travers la couche poreuse, et pour relier la pompe commune aux deuxiemes moyens de recuperation lorsque le tube de protection est positionne a travers la couche poreuse.
[0016] Comme indique precedemment, le fluide de forage n'est pas recupere de la meme fagon dans les differentes &tapes du forage, notamment parce que le tube de protection est insert progressivement avec la tige de forage dans un premier temps, puis reste statique dans un deuxieme temps, lorsqu'il est positionne au travers de la couche de forage. Ainsi, les moyens de recuperation utilises sont differents selon les &tapes de forage, mais peuvent etre relies a des memes moyens de pompage afin de limiter les coats et le volume de la machine.
[0017] Preferentiellement, les deuxiemes moyens de recuperation sont configures pour etre positionnes a l'extremite superieure du tube de protection lorsque le tube de protection est positionne a travers la couche poreuse, les deuxiemes moyens de recuperation comportant un reservoir, de preference en forme de Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 3 that the installation of a pit or drilled tanks, while limiting infiltration of drilling fluid, in particular in the porous layer.
Preferably, the machine also comprises second means recovery of the drilling fluid, the second means of recovery being configured to evacuate the drilling fluid from the drill pipe and standing out through the upper end of the protection tube, preferably via said space tubular spacer, when the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer.
When the porous layer has been crossed, the protective tube remains in place, to continue to isolate the borehole, and in particular the circulation of fluid drilling, porous layer. Besides, the protection tube is dissociate from the machine, and in particular the drive head. At the same time, tool drilling continues to dig, under the porous layer, with a circulation of fluid: the latter is then recovered through the tubular space interlayer between the protection tube and the drill rod.
Preferably, the first and second means of recovery component a common pump and a configuration linkage to link the pump common to the first recovery means when inserting the protective tube through the porous layer, and to connect the pump common the second means of recovery when the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer.
As indicated above, the drilling fluid is not recovered from the same way in the different stages of drilling, in particular because the tube protection is gradually inserted with the drill rod in a first time, then remains static in a second time, when it is positioned at the across the drill bed. Thus, the means of recovery used are different according to the drilling stages, but can be linked to the same pumping means in order to limit the costs and the volume of the machine.
Preferably, the second recovery means are configures to be positioned at the upper end of the protection tube when the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer, the second recovery means comprising a reservoir, preferably in the form of Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

4 couronne, dans lequel vient se verser le fluide de forage ressortant du tube de protection, et un joint peripherique, de preference circulaire, venant creer une etancheite entre le reservoir et la paroi exterieure du tube de protection.
[0018] Une fois le tube de protection positionne a travers la couche poreuse, l'extremite superieure de celui-ci vient generalement affleurer la surface du sol fore. Ainsi, le fluide de forage injecte au niveau de l'outil de forage peut remonter seul, sous l'effet de la pression et/ou du debit, jusqu'a ladite extremite superieure du tube de protection. II ne suffit plus alors, pour recuperer ce fluide de forage, que de le recueillir dans un reservoir situe a l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, et de l'aspirer avec une pompe.
[0019] Preferentiellement, le joint peripherique est un joint gonflable. Le joint gonflable permet une installation aisee a l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, tout en garantissant une etancheite voulue grace au contrale de la pression appliquee dans le joint gonflable.
[0020] Preferentiellement, la tete d'entraInement est configuree pour entraIner egalement en rotation le tube de protection, de preference en meme temps que la tige de forage, lors de !Insertion du tube de protection a travers la couche poreuse.
[0021] L'entraInement en rotation du tube de protection permet de faciliter son insertion dans le sol, et notamment a travers la couche poreuse, en meme temps que la tige de forage. Un tel entraInement ne necessite pas de materiel double tete, mais peut etre effectue de maniere simultanee avec la tige de forage.
Une fois le tube de protection positionne, il suffit alors de le desolidariser de la tete d'entraInement pour le laisser en place, et de continuer uniquement avec la tige de forage.
[0022] Preferentiellement, la tete d'entrainement comporte des moyens de montage de la tige de forage, presentant un premier diametre determine, et des moyens de montage du tube de protection, presentant un deuxieme diametre determine superieur au premier diametre determine.
[0023] Dans un tel mode de realisation, la tige de forage et le tube de protection sont montes sur la tete par des moyens de montage pouvant differer uniquement par leur diametre. On facilite ainsi l'utilisation de la machine, en permettant des Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 4 crown, into which the drilling fluid exiting the tube is poured of protection, and a peripheral seal, preferably circular, creating a tightness between the reservoir and the outer wall of the protection tube.
[0018] Once the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer, the upper end of the latter generally comes flush with the surface of the ground drill. Thus, the drilling fluid injected at the level of the drilling tool can ride up alone, under the effect of pressure and / or flow, up to said end superior protective tube. It is no longer sufficient then, to recover this fluid from drilling, than to collect it in a reservoir located at the upper end of the tube of protection, and suck it up with a pump.
[0019] Preferably, the peripheral seal is an inflatable seal. The joint inflatable allows easy installation at the upper end of the protection, while ensuring the desired tightness thanks to the control of the pressure applied in the inflatable seal.
[0020] Preferably, the drive head is configured to train also rotating the protective tube, preferably at the same time as drill rod, when inserting the protective tube through the layer porous.
[0021] The rotation of the protective tube makes it possible to facilitate his insertion into the ground, and in particular through the porous layer, at the same time than the drill rod. Such training does not require double equipment head, but can be performed simultaneously with the drill pipe.
A
Once the protection tube is positioned, it suffices to detach it from the head training to leave it in place, and to continue only with the rod drilling.
Preferably, the drive head comprises means for mounting of the drill rod, having a first determined diameter, and means of the protection tube, having a second determined diameter greater than the first determined diameter.
In such an embodiment, the drill rod and the tube protection are mounted on the head by mounting means which may differ only in their diameter. This facilitates the use of the machine, allowing of Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

5 procedures d'installation et de retrait qui sont similaires pour le tube de protection et la tige de forage.
[0024] Preferentiellement, les premiers moyens de recuperation du fluide sont montes sur la tete d'entraInement, par exemple au-dessus des moyens de montage du tube protection.
[0025] Un tel montage des premiers moyens de recuperation sur la tete d'entraInement permet de garder l'aspiration a l'extremite superieure du tube de protection pendant toute la duree d'enfoncement dudit tube de protection a travers la couche poreuse et la couche sous-jacente.
[0026] SeIon un autre aspect, il est egalement propose un train travaux comprenant une machine pour forer un sol recouvert d'une couche poreuse telle que decrite precedemment.
[0027] Comme indique precedemment, la machine pour forer a ete congue de maniere a permettre l'utilisation d'un materiel standard, et non du materiel lourd comme une double tete ou bien du materiel specifique en doublon pour le tube protecteur d'une part et pour la tige de forage d'autre part. II devient alors possible de l'installer sur un vehicule ferroviaire, tel qu'un train-travaux, pour pouvoir la deplacer le long de chantier, au fur et a mesure de l'avancee des travaux.
[0028] Preferentiellement, le train travaux comprend un reservoir de fluide de forage relie a la tete d'entraInement, des moyens d'aspiration du fluide de forage configures pour etre relies aux moyens de recuperation, et des moyens de foumitures d'un coulis de ciment configures pour etre relies a la tete d'entraInement.
[0029] Un tel train travaux peut ainsi transporter les differents elements necessaires au fonctionnement de la machine pour forer et a la realisation des travaux.
[0030] Preferentiellement, le train travaux comprend egalement un systeme de recuperation des boues, par exemple un bac de decantation, monte en aval des moyens de recuperation.
.. [0031] En particulier, le systeme de recuperation des boues peut etre configure pour fonctionner avec les boues issues des premiers moyens de recuperation et des Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 5 installation and removal procedures which are similar for the protection and the drill rod.
Preferably, the first fluid recovery means are mounted on the drive head, for example above the means of mounting the protection tube.
[0025] Such an assembly of the first recovery means on the head drive keeps the suction at the upper end of the tube of protection during the entire duration of insertion of said protective tube a through the porous layer and the underlying layer.
[0026] According to another aspect, it is also proposed a work train including a machine for drilling a soil covered with a porous layer as described previously.
As indicated above, the machine for drilling has been designed from way to allow the use of standard hardware, not hardware heavy like a double head or specific material in duplicate for the tube protector on the one hand and for the drill rod on the other. It then becomes possible to install it on a railway vehicle, such as a work train, for be able to move it along the site, as the works.
[0028] Preferably, the work train comprises a fluid reservoir of drilling connects to the drive head, means for sucking the drilling fluid configured to be connected to the means of recovery, and means of supplies of a cement grout configured to be connected to the head training.
[0029] Such a work train can thus transport the various elements required the operation of the drilling machine and the carrying out of work.
Preferably, the work train also comprises a system of sludge recovery, for example a settling tank, rises downstream of the means of recovery.
.. [0031] In particular, the sludge recovery system can be configure for operate with sludge from the first means of recovery and Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

6 boues issues des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation. Le systeme de recuperation des boues permet notamment de recuperer une partie du fluide de forage directement sur le train travaux pour le reutiliser in situ, et permet de stocker la matiere enlevee lors du forage afin de limiter l'impact des travaux sur le site.
[0032] SeIon un autre aspect, il est egalement propose un procede de forage, sous circulation de fluide, dans un sol recouvert d'une couche poreuse, par exemple une couche de ballast. SeIon le procede, on entraIne en rotation une tige de forage, et on injecte un fluide de forage a travers la tige de forage, de preference pendant la rotation de la tige de forage.
[0033] Durant une premiere &tape, on insere, a travers la couche poreuse, un tube de protection s'etendant autour de la tige de forage et laissant un espace tubulaire intercalaire entre la tige de forage et le tube de protection, et on aspire, depuis l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, le fluide de forage issu de la tige de forage, present a l'extremite inferieure du tube de protection et remontant, de preference, via ledit espace tubulaire intercalaire, lors de !Insertion du tube de protection a travers la couche poreuse.
[0034] Preferentiellement, durant une deuxieme &tape, lorsque le tube de protection est positionne a travers la couche poreuse, on laisse en place le tube de protection et on evacue le fluide de forage issu de la tige de forage et ressortant par l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, de preference via ledit espace tubulaire intercalaire.
[0035] Preferentiellement, durant la premiere &tape, on entraIne le tube de protection en meme temps qu'une premiere partie de tige de forage equipee, a son extremite, d'un outil, puis, durant la deuxieme &tape, on assemble une deuxieme partie de tige de forage a la premiere partie de tige de forage et on entraIne les deux parties de tige de forage en rotation tout en injectant un fluide de forage a travers et en evacuant le fluide ressortant par l'extremite superieure du tube de protection, de preference via ledit espace tubulaire intercalaire.
Breve description des dessins [0036] [Fig. 1] La figure 1 represente une vue en perspective de la machine pour forer selon l'invention ;
Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 6 sludge from the second means of recovery. The system of sludge recovery makes it possible in particular to recover part of the drilling directly on the work train to reuse it in situ, and allows of store the material removed during drilling in order to limit the impact of the work sure the site.
According to another aspect, it is also proposed a drilling method, under circulation of fluid, in a soil covered with a porous layer, for example a layer of ballast. According to the procedure, we rotate a rod of drilling, and a drilling fluid is injected through the drill pipe, preference during the rotation of the drill rod.
During a first step, we insert, through the porous layer, a tube protective cover extending around the drill rod and leaving a space tubular spacer between the drill rod and the protective tube, and we aspires, from the upper end of the protection tube, the drilling fluid from of the drill rod, present at the lower end of the protection tube and going up, preferably, via said intermediate tubular space, during the insertion of the tube protection through the porous layer.
Preferably, during a second step, when the tube of protection is positioned through the porous layer, the tube of protection and evacuating the drilling fluid from the drill rod and standing out by the upper end of the protection tube, preferably via said space tubular interlayer.
Preferably, during the first step, we drive the tube of protection at the same time as a first part of the drill rod equipped, to its end, with a tool, then, during the second step, we assemble a second part of the drill pipe to the first part of the drill pipe and we rotates the two parts of the drill rod while injecting a fluid drilling through and evacuating the fluid coming out through the end superior of the protective tube, preferably via said intermediate tubular space.
Brief description of the drawings [0036] [Fig. 1] Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the machine for drilling according to the invention;
Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

7 [0037] [Fig. 2] La figure 2 detaille la circulation des fluides de la machine pour forer lors de l'installation du tube de protection;
[0038] [Fig. 3] La figure 3 illustre les deux configurations de la machine pour forer lors de l'installation du tube de protection et lorsque le tube de protection est installe ;
[0039] [Fig. 4] La figure 4 illustre les differentes &tapes successives de mise en ceuvre du procede de forage avec la machine pour forer illustree a la figure 1 ; et [0040] [Fig. 5] La figure 5 illustre une partie d'un train-travaux avec une machine pour forer telle qu'illustree a la figure 1.
Description des modes de realisation [0041] Sur la figure 1, on a represente une machine pour forer 1 selon la presente invention. La machine pour forer 1 comporte ainsi un support 2 sur laquelle est monte un chassis 4.
[0042] Le support 2 est destine a venir, solidairement, sur un porteur ferroviaire (non represente), classiquement un wagon ferroviaire, permettant de transporter et d'acheminer la machine pour forer 1 le long des rails R d'une voie ferree. Un tel mode de realisation est particulierement avantageux lorsque la machine pour forer 1 est utilisee pour installer des micro-pieux de pylOne de catenaires le long de la voie ferree, a travers la couche de ballast.
[0043] Afin de deployer et de ranger la machine pour forer 1 sur le wagon, le chassis 4 est monte en rotation sur le support 2, par rapport a un axe vertical : il est ainsi possible de positionner l'outil de forage a cOte du porteur ferroviaire, ou bien au-dessus du porteur ferroviaire, selon que la machine pour forer 1 doit installer un micro-pieu de pylOne ou bien doit etre deplacee.
[0044] La machine pour forer 1 comprend egalement un mat 6 s'etendant selon une direction longitudinale, et monte pivotant sur le chassis 4, par rapport a un axe horizontal, par exemple via des verins 8. Les verins 8 permettent ainsi de positionner le mat 6 horizontalement, notamment au-dessus du porteur ferroviaire, lorsque la machine pour forer 1 doit etre deplacee, ou bien verticalement, tel qu'illustre sur la figure 1, lorsque la machine pour forer 1 doit installer un micro-pieu de pylOne.
Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 7 [0037] [Fig. 2] Figure 2 details the fluid circulation of the machine to drill when installing the protection tube;
[0038] [Fig. 3] Figure 3 illustrates the two machine configurations to drill when installing the protection tube and when the protection tube East installs;
[0039] [Fig. 4] Figure 4 illustrates the different successive stages of setting work of the drilling process with the machine for drilling illustrated in figure 1 ; and [0040] [Fig. 5] Figure 5 illustrates part of a work train with a machine to drill as shown in figure 1.
Description of the embodiments In Figure 1, there is shown a machine for drilling 1 according to the present invention. The machine for drilling 1 thus comprises a support 2 on which East mount a frame 4.
The support 2 is intended to come, jointly, on a carrier rail (no represents), conventionally a railway wagon, making it possible to transport and to route the machine for drilling 1 along the rails R of a railway line. A
Phone embodiment is particularly advantageous when the machine for drill 1 is used to install catenary pylon micro-piles on the long of the railway line, through the ballast layer.
In order to deploy and store the machine for drilling 1 on the wagon, the frame 4 is mounted in rotation on the support 2, with respect to a vertical axis: it is so possible to position the drilling tool next to the rail carrier, or well at-above the rail carrier, depending on whether the machine for drilling 1 must install a pylon micro-pile where it must be moved.
The machine for drilling 1 also comprises a mast 6 extending along a longitudinal direction, and mounted pivoting on the chassis 4, relative to a axis horizontal, for example via jacks 8. The jacks 8 thus make it possible to position mast 6 horizontally, in particular above the carrier railway, when the machine for drilling 1 has to be moved, or vertically, as shown in Figure 1, when the machine for drilling 1 must install a pylon micro-pile.
Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

8 [0045] En position de forage, telle qu'illustree a la figure 1, le mat 6 cornporte une extremite inferieure 6a destinee a venir en appui sur la surface a forer.
[0046] La machine pour forer 1 comporte en outre un chariot 10 monte coulissant le long du mat 6. Le chariot 10 peut etre deplace le long du mat 6 par des moyens connus par ailleurs et non representes ici.
[0047] Le chariot 10 comporte notamment une table de rotation 12 configuree pour entrainer en rotation une tete d'entrainement 14 sur laquelle sera monte l'outil de forage. Comme cela sera explique plus bas, l'outil de forage de la presente machine pour forer 1 comprend d'une part une tige de forage et d'autre part un tube de protection independant de la tige de forage et entourant cette demiere au niveau de la portion superieure du forage.
[0048] En particulier, et comme illustre a la figure 2, la tete d'entrainement comporte notamment des premiers moyens de montage 16, par exemple un taraudage, configures pour permettre le montage d'une tige de forage 18, cornportant un filetage exteme correspondant, sur la tete d'entrainement 14.
La tete d'entrainement 14 cornporte egalement des deuxiemes moyens de montage 20, par exemple un filetage exteme, configures pour permettre le montage d'un tube de protection 22, comportant un taraudage correspondant, sur la tete d'entrainement 14.
[0049] Comme on peut le constater, les premiers moyens de montage 16 et les deuxiemes moyens de montage 20 sont disposes coaxialement sur la tete d'entrainement 14, afin d'obtenir un montage de la tige de forage 18 parallele au montage du tube de protection 22, et comprennent des diametres differents correspondant a ceux de la tige de forage 18 et du tube de protection 22.
Surtout, la tige de forage 18 et le tube de protection 22 sont entraines simultanement, ensemble, par la tete d'entraInement 14 lorsqu'ils sont montes sur les moyens et 20 respectivement.
[0050] Afin de faciliter le forage, la machine pour forer 1 comporte egalement un circuit de circulation d'un fluide de forage. Le fluide de forage peut par exemple etre de l'eau, et est mis en circulation par la machine pour forer 1 dans la zone de forage afin d'en extraire la matiere forte.
Soletanche Freyssinet 1H245840 C 282 CA BN
Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin 2020 Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 8 In the drilling position, as illustrated in Figure 1, the mast 6 carries a lower end 6a intended to come to rest on the surface to be drilled.
The machine for drilling 1 further comprises a carriage 10 mounts sliding the along the mast 6. The carriage 10 can be moved along the mast 6 by means known elsewhere and not shown here.
The carriage 10 comprises in particular a rotary table 12 configured for rotate a drive head 14 on which will be mounted the tool of drilling. As will be explained below, the drilling tool of the present machine for drilling 1 comprises on the one hand a drilling rod and on the other hand a protection tube independent of the drill rod and surrounding the latter at level of the upper portion of the borehole.
In particular, and as illustrated in Figure 2, the drive head includes in particular first mounting means 16, for example a tapping, configures to allow the mounting of a drill rod 18, having a corresponding external thread, on the drive head 14.
The drive head 14 also includes second mounting means 20, for example an external thread, configured to allow the mounting of a protection tube 22, with a corresponding thread, on the head training 14.
As can be seen, the first mounting means 16 and the second mounting means 20 are arranged coaxially on the head drive 14, in order to obtain a parallel mounting of the drilling rod 18 at mounting the protection tube 22, and include different diameters corresponding to those of the drill rod 18 and the protection tube 22.
Mostly, the drilling rod 18 and the protection tube 22 are driven simultaneously, together, by the drive head 14 when they are mounted on the means and 20 respectively.
In order to facilitate drilling, the machine for drilling 1 also comprises a circulation circuit of a drilling fluid. Drilling fluid may for example be water, and is circulated by the machine to drill 1 in the zoned drilling in order to extract the strong matter.
Soletanche Freyssinet 1H245840 C 282 CA BN
Text for extension (clean version) June 9, 2020 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

9 [0051] La tete d'entraInement 14 comporte ainsi un canal d'alimentation 24 en fluide de forage relie a des moyens d'alimentation et circulation sous pression d'un fluide de forage (non representes). La tige de forage 18 comprend egalement un canal axial 26 qui vient en communication fluidique avec le canal d'alimentation 24 de la tete d'entraInement 14 lorsque la tige de forage 18 est montee sur la tete d'entraInement 14. Le fluide de forage est ainsi injecte sous pression a l'interieur de la tige de forage 18, afin d'en ressortir a l'autre extremite de la tige de forage 18 sur laquelle est montee un outil de coupe 28 (voir figure 3).
[0052] Afin de proteger la plateforme dans laquelle est realise le forage, et notamment afin d'eviter que le fluide de forage, avec la matiere qu'il entraIne, ne vienne se repandre autour de la zone de forage, et notamment la couche de poreuse P de ballast, le tube de protection 22 est congu avec un diametre interieur superieur au diametre exterieur de la tige de forage 18, de maniere a creer, lorsque la tige de forage 18 et le tube de protection 22 sont montes sur la tete d'entraInement 14, un espace tubulaire intercalaire 29 s'etendant depuis l'extremite inferieure du tube de protection 22 jusqu'aux premiers et deuxiemes moyens de montage 16, 20 de la tete d'entraInement 14.
[0053] Par ailleurs, la tete d'entraInement 14 est configuree pour prolonger l'espace tubulaire intercalaire 29 au-dela des premiers et deuxiemes moyens de montage 16, 20, jusqu'a des premiers moyens de recuperation 30 de fluide de forage.
Comme illustre sur la configuration (1) de la figure 3, les premiers moyens de recuperation 30 sont montes sur la tete d'entraInement 14, au-dessus des premiers et deuxiemes moyens de montage 16, 20, et permettent de recuperer, ou d'aspirer grace a des moyens d'aspiration non-representes, le fluide de forage chargé de matiere forte et remontant du fond du forage via l'espace tubulaire intercalaire 29. Cette recuperation, ou aspiration, du fluide de forage chargé
en matiere forte s'effectue au fur et mesure, et pendant toute la descente de la tige de forage 18 et du tube de protection 22 dans le sol, et plus particulierement dans la couche superieure poreuse P de ballast.
[0054] Par ailleurs, et comme illustre sur la configuration (2) de la figure 3, la machine pour forer 1 comprend egalement des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 montes a l'extremite inferieure 6a du mat 6 et configures pour recuperer, ou aspirer, le fluide de forage chargé en matiere forte sortant du tube Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 9 The drive head 14 thus comprises a supply channel 24 in fluid drilling connected to means of supply and circulation under pressure of a drilling fluid (not shown). The drill rod 18 also includes a axial channel 26 which comes in fluid communication with the channel power supply 24 of the drive head 14 when the drill rod 18 is mounted on the drive head 14. The drilling fluid is thus injected under pressure at the interior of the drilling rod 18, in order to come out at the other end of the rod drilling 18 on which is mounted a cutting tool 28 (see Figure 3).
In order to protect the platform in which the drilling is carried out, and in particular in order to prevent the drilling fluid, with the material it train, don't will spread around the drilling area, and in particular the layer of porous ballast P, the protection tube 22 is designed with a diameter interior greater than the exterior diameter of the drill rod 18, so at create, when the drill rod 18 and the protective tube 22 are mounted on the drive head 14, an intermediate tubular space 29 extending from the lower end of the protective tube 22 to the first and second mounting means 16, 20 of the drive head 14.
Furthermore, the drive head 14 is configured to extend space tubular spacer 29 beyond the first and second mounting means 16, 20, up to the first means 30 for collecting drilling fluid.
As illustrated in configuration (1) of FIG. 3, the first means of recovery 30 are mounted on the drive head 14, above the first and second assembly means 16, 20, and make it possible to recover, or to suck through non-represented suction means, the fluid of drilling loaded with strong material and rising from the bottom of the borehole via the tubular space insert 29. This recovery, or suction, of the drilling fluid charged in strong matter is carried out gradually, and throughout the descent of the rod drilling 18 and protective tube 22 in the ground, and more particularly in the porous top layer P of ballast.
Moreover, and as illustrated in the configuration (2) of Figure 3, the machine for drilling 1 also comprises second means of recovery 32 mounted at the lower end 6a of mast 6 and configured for recover, or suck, the drilling fluid loaded with strong matter leaving the tube Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

10 de protection 22 lorsque celui-ci est positionne a travers la couche poreuse P
de ballast et est desolidarise de la tete d'entraInement 14. En particulier, la machine pour forer 1 peut comprendre des moyens d'aspiration (non representes), par exemple une pompe, uniques configures pour etre relies aux premiers moyens de recuperation 30 et/ou aux deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 selon l'etape du procede de forage. Par exemple, les moyens d'aspiration peuvent comprendre un moyen de liaison pour venir se relier aux premiers moyens de recuperation 30 puis aux deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32.
[0055] Les deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 peuvent par exemple comprendre un reservoir sous forme de couronne monte autour du tube de protection 22, et un joint circulaire, de preference gonflable, configure pour venir creer une etancheite entre la paroi exterieure du tube de protection 22 et le reservoir des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32. Le fluide de forage, chargé de matiere forte, ressortant par l'extremite superieure du tube de protection 22 vient alors s'ecouler dans le reservoir des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 avant d'être, par exemple, aspire vers un moyen de traitement (non represente) tel qu'un bac de decantation permettant de separer le fluide de forage et la matiere forte puis de reutiliser le fluide de forage.
[0056] A l'aide de la figure 4, on va maintenant decrire un exemple de procede de forage, sous circulation de fluide, d'un sol S recouvert d'une couche poreuse P, par exemple de ballast.
[0057] A l'etape (A), le mat 6 est positionne verticalement avec son extremite inferieure 6a en appui sur la surface a forer. Le chariot 10 entraInant en translation la tete d'entraInement est positionne en haut du mat 6, avec la tete d'entraInement 14 situee au droit de la zone a forer.
[0058] A l'etape (B), la tete d'entraInement 14 est pivotee, au niveau du chariot 10, de 900 afin de liberer l'acces a la zone a forer.
[0059] A l'etape (C), le tube de protection 22 est positionne au-dessus de la zone a forer, a l'extremite inferieure 6a du mat 6 formant un guide pour le tube de protection 22.
[0060] A l'etape (D), la premiere portion de la tige de forage 18, qui comporte a son extremite l'outil de coupe 28 et qui constitue une armature avec outil perdu, est Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 10 protection 22 when it is positioned through the porous layer P
of ballast and is separated from the drive head 14. In particular, the machine to drill 1 can include suction means (not shown), for example a pump, unique configured to be connected to the first means recovery 30 and / or the second recovery means 32 according to the stage of the drilling process. For example, the suction means can understand a connection means to connect to the first means of recovery 30 then to the second recovery means 32.
The second recovery means 32 can for example comprise a reservoir in the form of a crown mounted around the protective tube 22, and a circular seal, preferably inflatable, configured to create a tightness between the outer wall of the protection tube 22 and the reservoir of second recovery means 32. The drilling fluid, loaded with strong, emerging through the upper end of the protective tube 22 comes so flow into the reservoir of the second recovery means 32 before to be, for example, aspiring to a means of treatment (not represented) such a settling tank to separate the drilling fluid and the matter strong and then reuse the drilling fluid.
With the aid of FIG. 4, we will now describe an example of a process.
of drilling, under fluid circulation, of a soil S covered with a porous layer P, for example of ballast.
In step (A), the mast 6 is positioned vertically with its end lower 6a resting on the surface to be drilled. The carriage 10 drives translation the drive head is positioned at the top of mast 6, with the head training 14 located to the right of the area to be drilled.
In step (B), the drive head 14 is pivoted, at the level of the carriage 10, of 900 in order to free access to the area to be drilled.
In step (C), the protective tube 22 is positioned above the zone a drill, at the lower end 6a of the mast 6 forming a guide for the tube of protection 22.
In step (D), the first portion of the drill rod 18, which behaves to his end of the cutting tool 28 and which constitutes a reinforcement with lost tool, East Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

11 positionnee a l'interieur du tube de protection 22, comme cela est visible sur la portion representee en coupe de l'etape (D).
[0061] A l'etape (E), la tete d'entraInement 14 est a nouveau pivotee, au niveau du chariot 10, de 900 pour revenir au droit de la zone a forer, au-dessus du tube de protection 22 et de la tige de forage 18.
[0062] A l'etape (F), le chariot 10 est descendu de maniere a permettre le montage de la tige de forage 18 sur les premiers moyens de montage 16 correspondent, puis le montage du tube de protection 22 sur les deuxiemes moyens de montage 20 correspondent.
[0063] Une fois le tube de protection 22 et la tige de forage 18 montes sur la tete d'entraInement 14, ceux-ci sont mis en rotation par la tete d'entraInement en meme temps que le chariot 10 descend le long du mat 6. La tige de forage 18 et le tube de protection 22 commencent donc a forer la couche poreuse P de ballast et a s'enfoncer a l'interieur, jusqu'a ce que le tube de protection 22 soit enfonce dans et a travers la couche poreuse P de ballast (etape (G)). Pendant toute l'etape (F), le fluide de forage est, d'une part, injecte, via la tete d'entraInement 14, a travers la tige de forage 18 pour ressortir au niveau de l'outil de coupe 28, puis, d'autre part, re-aspire depuis l'extremite superieure du tube de protection 22, via l'espace tubulaire intercalaire, par les premiers moyens de recuperation 30 montes sur la tete d'entraInement 14. En effet, le fluide de forage devant remonter toute la longueur du tube de protection 22 jusqu'a la tete d'entraInement qui peut se situer tres au-dessus de la surface a forer, la pression d'injection du fluide de forage peut s'averer insuffisante, de sorte qu'une aspiration forcee au niveau des premiers moyens de recuperation 30 est alors necessaire. Ainsi, tout au long de l'etape (F), le fluide de forage est recupere au fur et a mesure de son injection dans la tige de forage 18, ce qui permet de limiter l'impact de sa circulation sur la zone entourant le forage.
[0064] A l'etape (G), le tube de protection 22 est positionne au travers de la couche poreuse P de ballast, et peut alors etre desolidarise de la tete d'entraInement 14.
Une fois desolidarise, les deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 peuvent etre solidarises sur le tube de protection 22, par exemple le joint annulaire gonflable Soletanche Freyssinet 1H245840 C 282 CA BN
Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin 2020 Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 11 positioned inside the protection tube 22, as can be seen on the portion shown in section of step (D).
In step (E), the drive head 14 is again pivoted, at level of carriage 10, 900 to return to the right of the area to be drilled, above the tube of protection 22 and the drill rod 18.
In step (F), the carriage 10 is lowered so as to allow the mounting of the drill rod 18 on the first mounting means 16 correspond, then mounting the protective tube 22 on the second mounting means 20 correspond.
Once the protective tube 22 and the drill rod 18 mounted on the head drive 14, these are rotated by the drive head in at the same time as the carriage 10 descends along the mast 6. The drilling rod 18 and the protective tube 22 therefore begins to drill the porous layer P of ballast and to push inside, until the protective tube 22 is push in in and through the porous ballast layer P (step (G)). During all step (F), the drilling fluid is, on the one hand, injected, via the head training 14, through the drill rod 18 to come out at the level of the cut 28, then, on the other hand, re-aspirates from the upper end of the protection 22, via the intercalary tubular space, by the first means of recovery 30 mounted on the drive head 14. In fact, the drilling fluid before move the entire length of the protection tube 22 up to the head drive which can be located very above the surface to be drilled, the pressure injection of the drilling fluid may be insufficient, so that a forced suction at the first recovery means 30 is then necessary. Thus, throughout step (F), the drilling fluid is collect at as it is injected into the drilling rod 18, which makes it possible to limit the impact of its circulation on the area surrounding the borehole.
In step (G), the protective tube 22 is positioned through the layer porous P ballast, and can then be separated from the head training 14.
Once separated, the second recovery means 32 can be secured to the protective tube 22, for example the annular seal inflatable Soletanche Freyssinet 1H245840 C 282 CA BN
Text for extension (clean version) June 9, 2020 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

12 peut etre gonfle de maniere a rendre etanche la liaison entre le tube de protection 22 et le reservoir des deuxiemes moyens de recuperations 32.
[0065] A l'etape (H), le chariot 10 portant la tete d'entraInement 14 est d'abord remonte partiellement de maniere a faire remonter la tige de forage 18 suffisamment pour pouvoir la desolidariser a son tour de la tete d'entraInement 14, puis le chariot 10 est remonte en haut du mat 6.
[0066] A l'etape (I), la tete d'entraInement 14 est pivotee, au niveau du chariot 10, de 900 afin de liberer l'acces a la zone a forer, et une deuxieme portion de la tige de forage 18 est positionnee puis montee sur la premiere portion de la tige de forage 18.
[0067] A l'etape (J), la tete d'entraInement 14 est a nouveau pivotee, au niveau du chariot 10, de 900 pour revenir au droit de la zone a forer, au-dessus de la tige de forage 18 (qui comporte a present deux portions), et celle-ci est alors montee sur la tete d'entraInement 14.
is [0068] A l'etape (K), la tige de forage 18 est mise en rotation par la tete d'entraInement 14 en meme temps que le chariot 10 descend le long du mat 6.
La tige de forage 18 continue donc a forer le sol S, au-dela de l'extremite inferieure du tube de protection 22. Pendant toute l'etape (K), le fluide de forage est, d'une part, injecte, via la tete d'entraInement 14, a travers la tige de forage 18 pour ressortir au niveau de l'outil de coupe 28, puis, d'autre part, circule, via l'espace tubulaire intercalaire, jusqu'a l'extremite superieure du tube de protection 22. L'extremite superieure du tube de protection 22 etant libre et se situant legerement au-dessus de la surface forte, le fluide de forage chargé
en matiere forte peut alors ressortir tout seul, sous l'effet de la pression d'injection, et venir couler dans le reservoir des deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 32 pour etre aspire ensuite par les moyens d'aspiration. Ainsi, tout au long de l'etape (K), le fluide de forage est recupere au fur et a mesure de son injection dans la tige de forage 18, ce qui permet de limiter l'impact de sa circulation sur la zone entourant le forage.
[0069] A l'etape (L), le chariot 10 portant la tete d'entraInement 14 est d'abord remonte partiellement de maniere a faire remonter la tige de forage 18 suffisamment pour pouvoir la desolidariser de la tete d'entraInement 14, puis le Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 12 can be inflated so as to make the connection between the protection 22 and the reservoir of the second recovery means 32.
In step (H), the carriage 10 carrying the drive head 14 is first partially rises so as to raise the drilling rod 18 enough to be able to separate it in turn from the head training 14, then the carriage 10 is brought up to the top of the mast 6.
In step (I), the drive head 14 is pivoted, at the level of the carriage 10, of 900 in order to free access to the area to be drilled, and a second portion of the rod of drilling 18 is positioned and then mounted on the first portion of the rod of drilling 18.
In step (J), the drive head 14 is again pivoted, at level of carriage 10, from 900 to return to the right of the area to be drilled, above the rod of borehole 18 (which now has two portions), and this one is then mounted sure THE DRIVE HEAD 14.
is [0068] In step (K), the drill rod 18 is rotated by the head drive 14 at the same time as the carriage 10 descends along the mast 6.
The drill rod 18 therefore continues to drill the soil S, beyond the end lower part of the protection tube 22. Throughout step (K), the drilling is, on the one hand, injected, via the drive head 14, through the drilling 18 to come out at the cutting tool 28, then, on the other hand, circulates, via the intercalated tubular space, up to the upper end of the protection 22. The upper end of the protection tube 22 being free and itself slightly above the strong surface, the charged drilling fluid in strong matter can then emerge on its own, under the effect of the pressure injection, and flow into the reservoir of the second recovery means 32 for then be sucked by the suction means. So, throughout step (K), the drilling fluid is recovered as it is injected into the rod 18, which limits the impact of its circulation on the area surrounding the borehole.
In step (L), the carriage 10 carrying the drive head 14 is first partially rises so as to raise the drilling rod 18 enough to be able to separate it from the drive head 14, then the Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

13 chariot 10 est completement remonte en haut du mat 6 de maniere a pouvoir reproduire, autant de fois que souhaitees, les &tapes (I) a (L).
[0070] Une fois les &tapes d'installation de la tige de forage 18 effectuees, un coulis de ciment peut alors etre injecte dans la tige de forage afin de sceller celle-ci dans le sol S et obtenir ainsi un micro-pieu de pyldne de catenaire.
[0071] Ainsi, on obtient un micro-pieu forme d'une part par une tige de forage et d'autre part par un tube de protection venant renforcer le maintien de la tige de forage dans le sol. Le tube de protection est positionne dans le sol, a travers une couche de ballast, sans que cette demiere ou la surface de la zone a forer ne soit impactee par le forage effectue.
[0072] Par ailleurs, grace a sa compacite, notamment en raison de sa simple tete, et de son poids limite, la machine pour forer 1 est adaptee pour etre installee sur un wagon ferroviaire et pour circuler rapidement, avec des virages importants.
Ainsi, il est possible d'obtenir un train travaux 34, dont une partie est illustree sur la figure 5, comportant une machine pour forer 1 telle que decrite precedemment, et permettant d'installer les micro-pieux de pyldnes de catenaires le long de la voie ferree sur lequel il circule.
[0073] Le train travaux 34 peut ainsi comprendre, en plus de la machine pour forer 1, des moyens d'alimentation et de circulation, sous pression, d'un fluide de forage (non representes), relies a la tete d'entraInement, des moyens de fournitures d'un coulis de ciment (non representes) configures pour etre relies a la tete d'entraInement 14 lors du scellement de la tige de forage 18 dans le forage.
[0074] Le train travaux 34 peut egalement comprendre des moyens d'aspiration du fluide de forage chargé de matiere forte, configures pour etre relies aux premiers ou aux deuxiemes moyens de recuperation 30, 32, ainsi qu'un bac de decantation 38 monte en aval des moyens d'aspiration 36 et permettant de separer le fluide de forage et la matiere forte, afin de permettre une reutilisation du fluide de forage.
[0075] Ainsi, grace a la machine a forer et au train travaux comportant une telle machine a forer, il devient possible d'installer facilement des micro-pieux de pyldnes de catenaire, le long d'une voie ferree, tout en preservant la couche superieure de ballast, et plus generalement l'environnement de la voie ferree.
Soletanche Freyssinet Texte pour extension (version au propre) 9 juin Date Recue/Date Received 2020-06-12 13 carriage 10 is completely reassembled at the top of mast 6 so that it can reproduce, as many times as desired, steps (I) to (L).
Once the installation steps of the drill rod 18 have been carried out, a coulis cement can then be injected into the drill pipe to seal it this in the soil S and thus obtain a micro-pile of catenary pyldne.
Thus, we obtain a micro-pile formed on the one hand by a drilling rod and on the other hand by a protective tube reinforcing the retention of the rod of drilling in the ground. The protection tube is positioned in the ground, a through a layer of ballast, without the latter or the surface of the area to be drilled is impacted by the drilling carried out.
Moreover, thanks to its compactness, in particular because of its simple head, and of its weight limit, the drilling machine 1 is suitable to be installed on a rail car and to move quickly, with significant turns.
So, it is possible to obtain a work train 34, part of which is illustrated on the FIG. 5, comprising a machine for drilling 1 as described above, and allowing the installation of the catenary pyldne micro-piles along the way ferree on which it runs.
The work train 34 can thus include, in addition to the machine for drill 1, means of supply and circulation, under pressure, of a fluid of drilling (not shown), connected to the drive head, supply means a cement grout (not shown) configured to be connected to the head drive 14 during the sealing of the drill rod 18 in the borehole.
The work train 34 can also include suction means drilling fluid loaded with strong material, configured to be connected to first or second recovery means 30, 32, as well as a settling 38 rises downstream of the suction means 36 and allowing separate the drilling fluid and the solid material, in order to allow reuse drilling fluid.
Thus, thanks to the drilling machine and the work train comprising a such drilling machine, it becomes possible to easily install micro-piles of catenary pyldnes, along a railway track, while preserving the higher ballast, and more generally the environment of the railroad.
Soletanche Freyssinet Text for extension (clean version) June 9 Date Received / Date Received 2020-06-12

Claims

Claims [Claim 1] Machine for drilling, under circulation of fluid, a soil covered with a porous layer, for example a ballast layer, in which the machine comprises:
- a drive head for rotating a drill rod, and - means for circulating a drilling fluid configured to inject a drilling fluid through the drill pipe, in which the machine is also configured to insert, through the porous layer, a protective tube extending around the drill pipe and leaving an intermediate tubular space between the drill pipe and the tube protection, and in which the machine also includes first means of recovery of the drilling fluid configured, during! Insertion of the protective tube through the porous layer, to suck, from the upper end of the protective tube, the drilling fluid from the rod hole and present at the lower end of the protective tube.
[Claim 2] A machine according to claim 1, further comprising of the second means for recovering the drilling fluid, the second recovery means being configured to discharge the drilling fluid from of the drill pipe and exiting through the upper end of the protection when the protective tube is positioned through the layer porous.
[Claim 3] A machine according to claim 2, wherein the first and second recovery means comprise a pump common and a connecting means configured to connect the common pump the first means of recovery when inserting the protective tube through the porous layer, and to connect the common pump to the second means of recovery when the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer.

[Claim 4] A machine according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the second recovery means are configured to be positioned at the upper end of the protection tube when the protection tube is positioned through the porous layer, the second means of recovery comprising a reservoir, preferably in the form of a crown, into which is poured the drilling fluid emerging from the tube of protection, and a peripheral seal, preferably circular, creating a tightness between the reservoir and the outer wall of the protection tube.
[Claim 5] A machine according to claim 4, wherein the seal device is an inflatable seal.
[Claim 6] Machine according to one of claims 1 to 5, in which the drive head is configured to also drive in rotation of the protection tube, preferably at the same time as the drilling, when inserting the protective tube through the porous layer.
[Claim 7] A machine according to claim 6, wherein the head drive comprises means for mounting the drill rod, having a first determined diameter, and means for mounting the protection tube, having a second determined diameter greater than the first determined diameter.
[Claim 8] A machine according to claim 7, wherein the first fluid recovery means are mounted on the head drive, for example above the tube mounting means protection.
[Claim 9] Work train comprising a machine for drilling a ground covered with a porous layer according to one of claims 1 to 8.
[Claim 10] Work train according to the preceding claim, comprising means for supplying a drilling fluid connected to the head drive, means of suction of the drilling fluid configured for be connected to the means of recovery, and means of supply of a cement grout configured to be connected to the drive head.
[Claim 11] Work train according to the preceding claim, also comprising a sludge recovery system, for example a settling tank, mounted downstream of the recovery means.
[Claim 12] A method of drilling, under circulation of fluid, in a ground covered with a porous layer, for example a ballast layer, in which :
- a drill rod is rotated, and - a drilling fluid is injected through the drill rod, preferably during the rotation of the drill rod, in which, during a first step,:
- we insert, through the porous layer, a protective tube extending around the drill pipe and leaving a tubular space spacer between the drill rod and the protection tube, and - the fluid is sucked from the upper end of the protection tube from the drill rod and present at the lower end of the tube protection, when inserting the protective tube through the porous.
[Claim 13] A drilling method according to the preceding claim, in which, during a second step, when the protective tube is positioned through the porous layer, the tube of protection and evacuating the drilling fluid from the drill rod and emerging from the upper end of the protection tube.
[Claim 14] The method of claim 13, wherein during the first step, the protective tube is driven at the same time as a first part of the drill rod fitted, at its end, with a tool, then, during the second step, we assemble a second part of the rod drilling has the first part of the drill rod and the two parts are driven of rotating drill rod while injecting drilling fluid through and evacuating the fluid coming out through the upper end of the protection.