CA3049617C - Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network - Google Patents
Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network Download PDFInfo
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- CA3049617C CA3049617C CA3049617A CA3049617A CA3049617C CA 3049617 C CA3049617 C CA 3049617C CA 3049617 A CA3049617 A CA 3049617A CA 3049617 A CA3049617 A CA 3049617A CA 3049617 C CA3049617 C CA 3049617C
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- Prior art keywords
- grid
- phase angle
- voltage
- angle control
- electrical supply
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for feeding electric power into an electric supply network having a nominal network voltage (UNENN), which is operated using a network voltage (UGRID), wherein the electric power fed in has a reactive power component, which is predefined by a phase angle (f), which describes an angle between a current (I) and a voltage (U) of the electric power fed in, wherein the phase angle is set via phase angle control (300) which has a delay function (310), which is characterized by at least one time constant (T1).
Description
METHOD FOR FEEDING ELECTRICAL POWER INTO AN ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY NETWORK
The present invention relates to method for supplying electric power to an electrical supply grid.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a generator of electrical energy, in particular a wind power installation, and a wind farm, each of which are configured for performing such a method.
Usually, generators of electrical energy are operated with the electrical loads of the electrical supply grid in parallel mode.
During this operation, the electrical real power provided by the generator can vary. The result of this is that the grid voltage (UGRID) , for example at the grid connection point of the generator, can also fluctuate.
In the interests of safe operation, such fluctuations are permissible only within very narrow limits, however.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to address at least one of the aforementioned problems. In particular, the aim is to propose a solution allowing voltage changes to be controlled better even when the supply of real power fluctuates. The aim is at least to propose an alternative to previously known solutions.
According to the invention, a method for supplying electric power to an electrical supply grid as claimed in claim 1 is therefore proposed. The electrical supply
SUPPLY NETWORK
The present invention relates to method for supplying electric power to an electrical supply grid.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a generator of electrical energy, in particular a wind power installation, and a wind farm, each of which are configured for performing such a method.
Usually, generators of electrical energy are operated with the electrical loads of the electrical supply grid in parallel mode.
During this operation, the electrical real power provided by the generator can vary. The result of this is that the grid voltage (UGRID) , for example at the grid connection point of the generator, can also fluctuate.
In the interests of safe operation, such fluctuations are permissible only within very narrow limits, however.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to address at least one of the aforementioned problems. In particular, the aim is to propose a solution allowing voltage changes to be controlled better even when the supply of real power fluctuates. The aim is at least to propose an alternative to previously known solutions.
According to the invention, a method for supplying electric power to an electrical supply grid as claimed in claim 1 is therefore proposed. The electrical supply
- 2 -grid in this case has a grid rated voltage and is operated at a grid voltage. Moreover, the supplied electric power has a real power component and a reactive power component.
The supply of the electric power is controlled, according to the invention, by the phase angle, wherein the phase angle describes the angle between the supplied current and the voltage of the supplied electric power.
The phase angle is set by means of phase angle control that has a delay function characterized by at least one time constant.
Phase angle control is therefore proposed in order to control the reactive power component of the supplied electric power, wherein the phase angle control has a delay function for this purpose.
The delay function, which can also be referred to as delay for short, has at least one time constant for this purpose.
The phase angle control therefore does not react immediately to changes in the electrical supply grid, but rather lags them with a time delay.
The use of the time constant in particular damps the system response of the generator in relation to the electrical supply grid. If there is now an oscillation in the electrical supply grid, for example, the generator has a damping effect on this oscillation and does not amplify it.
The supply of the electric power is controlled, according to the invention, by the phase angle, wherein the phase angle describes the angle between the supplied current and the voltage of the supplied electric power.
The phase angle is set by means of phase angle control that has a delay function characterized by at least one time constant.
Phase angle control is therefore proposed in order to control the reactive power component of the supplied electric power, wherein the phase angle control has a delay function for this purpose.
The delay function, which can also be referred to as delay for short, has at least one time constant for this purpose.
The phase angle control therefore does not react immediately to changes in the electrical supply grid, but rather lags them with a time delay.
The use of the time constant in particular damps the system response of the generator in relation to the electrical supply grid. If there is now an oscillation in the electrical supply grid, for example, the generator has a damping effect on this oscillation and does not amplify it.
- 3 -The method according to the invention therefore reacts particularly gently to grid perturbations or fluctuations in the electrical supply grid.
A particular advantage in this case is that in particular the at least one time constant minimizes what is known as overshooting by the generators, which can occur as reaction to grid perturbations.
The method according to the invention is therefore particularly intended to support the electrical supply grid as follows: if the grid voltage initially changes in transient fashion, the supply of current remains the same at the first moment, that is to say as before the transient change of grid voltage. When the load is connected during simultaneously under-excited operation of the wind power installation or of the wind farm, which therefore supplies in inductive fashion, the phase on connection terminals of the wind power installation or the wind farm jumps to the current phasor of the supplied current. As a result of load connection in the electrical supply grid, the supply grid voltage normally drops locally and the frequency in the grid falls. The delayed phase angle control increases the supply of real power, however, so as to support the frequency of the electrical supply grid, and at the same time the reduced under-excited operation of the wind power installation or of the wind farm supports the voltage, because the voltage-lowering under-excited reactive current supplied is reduced. If the phase jumps away from the current phasor, for example as a result of load disconnection in the electrical supply grid, the supply grid voltage rises.
A particular advantage in this case is that in particular the at least one time constant minimizes what is known as overshooting by the generators, which can occur as reaction to grid perturbations.
The method according to the invention is therefore particularly intended to support the electrical supply grid as follows: if the grid voltage initially changes in transient fashion, the supply of current remains the same at the first moment, that is to say as before the transient change of grid voltage. When the load is connected during simultaneously under-excited operation of the wind power installation or of the wind farm, which therefore supplies in inductive fashion, the phase on connection terminals of the wind power installation or the wind farm jumps to the current phasor of the supplied current. As a result of load connection in the electrical supply grid, the supply grid voltage normally drops locally and the frequency in the grid falls. The delayed phase angle control increases the supply of real power, however, so as to support the frequency of the electrical supply grid, and at the same time the reduced under-excited operation of the wind power installation or of the wind farm supports the voltage, because the voltage-lowering under-excited reactive current supplied is reduced. If the phase jumps away from the current phasor, for example as a result of load disconnection in the electrical supply grid, the supply grid voltage rises.
- 4 -The proposed delayed phase angle control lessens the supply of real power, however, so as to support the frequency of the electrical supply grid, and increases the inductive reactive current, in order to scale down the voltage rise.
Preferably, the phase angle control alters the phase angle on the basis of at least one grid voltage recorded in the electrical supply grid, in particular such that the grid voltage is regulated to a prescribed voltage setpoint value.
The phase angle is therefore set on the basis of the recorded grid voltage. To this end, the grid voltage can be recorded at the grid connection point of the generator, for example.
It is advantageous that the grid voltage, in particular at different locations in the electrical supply grid, can be recorded in a simple manner and the method can therefore be implemented without great effort in all the existing generators, in particular a wind power installation.
Preferably, the phase angle is set in this case such that it regulates the grid voltage to a prescribed voltage setpoint value. For this purpose, the prescribed voltage setpoint value is freely parameterizable and is particularly preferably set to a value in a range between 105% and 110% of the grid rated voltage. The generator using the method is therefore configured to regulate the grid voltage at its grid connection point to a value above the grid rated voltage.
Preferably, the phase angle control alters the phase angle on the basis of at least one grid voltage recorded in the electrical supply grid, in particular such that the grid voltage is regulated to a prescribed voltage setpoint value.
The phase angle is therefore set on the basis of the recorded grid voltage. To this end, the grid voltage can be recorded at the grid connection point of the generator, for example.
It is advantageous that the grid voltage, in particular at different locations in the electrical supply grid, can be recorded in a simple manner and the method can therefore be implemented without great effort in all the existing generators, in particular a wind power installation.
Preferably, the phase angle is set in this case such that it regulates the grid voltage to a prescribed voltage setpoint value. For this purpose, the prescribed voltage setpoint value is freely parameterizable and is particularly preferably set to a value in a range between 105% and 110% of the grid rated voltage. The generator using the method is therefore configured to regulate the grid voltage at its grid connection point to a value above the grid rated voltage.
- 5 -It is particularly advantageous in this case that the generator, in particular the wind farm, itself compensates for the voltage increase at the grid connection point caused by supply by means of its supply of reactive power.
Preferably, the phase angle is altered such that the grid voltage at at least one prescribed point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially unaltered.
The phase angle is therefore alterable, i.e. it varies over time. Moreover, the phase angle is in this case set such that the grid voltage at a point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially constant.
Preferably, this point is the grid connection point of the generator carrying out the method according to the invention. By way of example, the generator is a wind farm and the prescribed point is the grid connection point of the wind farm. The phase angle is then varied on the basis of the recorded grid voltage such that the grid voltage at the grid connection point is substantially unaltered, for example 1.05 p.u. of the grid rated voltage at the grid connection point. The generator therefore supplies an electric power, comprising a reactive power component and a real power component, at the grid connection point such that the grid voltage at the grid connection remains constant and substantially corresponds to a prescribed voltage setpoint value, for example 1.05 p.u. of the grid rated voltage. If the electrical supply grid thus has a grid rated voltage of 10 kV at the grid connection point of the generator, the generator supplies the electric
Preferably, the phase angle is altered such that the grid voltage at at least one prescribed point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially unaltered.
The phase angle is therefore alterable, i.e. it varies over time. Moreover, the phase angle is in this case set such that the grid voltage at a point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially constant.
Preferably, this point is the grid connection point of the generator carrying out the method according to the invention. By way of example, the generator is a wind farm and the prescribed point is the grid connection point of the wind farm. The phase angle is then varied on the basis of the recorded grid voltage such that the grid voltage at the grid connection point is substantially unaltered, for example 1.05 p.u. of the grid rated voltage at the grid connection point. The generator therefore supplies an electric power, comprising a reactive power component and a real power component, at the grid connection point such that the grid voltage at the grid connection remains constant and substantially corresponds to a prescribed voltage setpoint value, for example 1.05 p.u. of the grid rated voltage. If the electrical supply grid thus has a grid rated voltage of 10 kV at the grid connection point of the generator, the generator supplies the electric
- 6 -power such that a grid voltage of 10.5 kV is obtained at the grid connection point.
The method according to the invention therefore allows a generator of electrical energy, for example a wind farm, to be controlled such that the wind farm supports or keeps stable the grid voltage in the electrical supply grid at an arbitrary, prescribable point in the electrical supply grid.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the prescribed point is the grid connection point and the grid voltage is likewise recorded at the grid connection point of the generator.
Preferably, the phase angle is altered on the basis of a setpoint voltage and the setpoint voltage is prescribed in a range from 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage.
The phase angle is therefore altered on the basis of a setpoint voltage, wherein the setpoint voltage, that is to say a voltage setpoint value, is higher than the grid rated voltage.
This is because it has been identified according to the invention that such a choice of setpoint voltage, above the grid rated voltage, likewise relieves the load on the electrical supply grid, in the same way as tracking the phase angle, that is to say the delay function according to the invention. This results in particular in synergistic effects in relation to the oscillation behavior of the electrical supply grid. In particular, this allows grid oscillations arising in the supply
The method according to the invention therefore allows a generator of electrical energy, for example a wind farm, to be controlled such that the wind farm supports or keeps stable the grid voltage in the electrical supply grid at an arbitrary, prescribable point in the electrical supply grid.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the prescribed point is the grid connection point and the grid voltage is likewise recorded at the grid connection point of the generator.
Preferably, the phase angle is altered on the basis of a setpoint voltage and the setpoint voltage is prescribed in a range from 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage.
The phase angle is therefore altered on the basis of a setpoint voltage, wherein the setpoint voltage, that is to say a voltage setpoint value, is higher than the grid rated voltage.
This is because it has been identified according to the invention that such a choice of setpoint voltage, above the grid rated voltage, likewise relieves the load on the electrical supply grid, in the same way as tracking the phase angle, that is to say the delay function according to the invention. This results in particular in synergistic effects in relation to the oscillation behavior of the electrical supply grid. In particular, this allows grid oscillations arising in the supply
- 7 -grid to the damped more heavily than usual hitherto, in particular such that the risk of a system split or of a blackout is minimized further. Such a property is desirable in particular in relation to weak electrical supply grids, such as in Brazil, for example. It is thus particularly also possible for sub-synchronous oscillation resonances, also referred to as SSR
oscillations, to be damped. SSR oscillations are oscillations at a frequency lower than the grid frequency, for example 30Hz for a grid frequency of 50Hz. As a result of the proposed delayed tracking, a control oscillation of this kind with the series resonance is not readily possible because the delay in the phase angle control prevents this.
Preferably, the at least one time constant is varied to alter the delay function.
The time constant is therefore alterable. In particular, the time constant can be altered in the course of operation and therefore matched to the prevailing grid conditions or to the prevailing grid state. By way of example, the time constant is set lower during a very stable grid state than for a less stable grid state. The time constant therefore preferably matches the grid state or the prevailing grid state.
Preferably, the delay function or the at least one time constant is alterable by means of an adaptation algorithm to alter the delay, wherein the adaptation is performed in particular on the basis of a grid state.
oscillations, to be damped. SSR oscillations are oscillations at a frequency lower than the grid frequency, for example 30Hz for a grid frequency of 50Hz. As a result of the proposed delayed tracking, a control oscillation of this kind with the series resonance is not readily possible because the delay in the phase angle control prevents this.
Preferably, the at least one time constant is varied to alter the delay function.
The time constant is therefore alterable. In particular, the time constant can be altered in the course of operation and therefore matched to the prevailing grid conditions or to the prevailing grid state. By way of example, the time constant is set lower during a very stable grid state than for a less stable grid state. The time constant therefore preferably matches the grid state or the prevailing grid state.
Preferably, the delay function or the at least one time constant is alterable by means of an adaptation algorithm to alter the delay, wherein the adaptation is performed in particular on the basis of a grid state.
- 8 -The delay function or the at least one time constant is therefore adapted or set by means of an adaptation or an adaptation algorithm in the course of operation. The adaptation in this case is preferably performed on the basis of a grid state, for example on the basis of the recorded gird voltage. The time constant is set for example on the basis of the deviation in the recorded grid voltage from the grid rated voltage.
According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the delay function is set or varied, whether by an adaptation algorithm or otherwise, on the basis of the grid sensitivity. The grid sensitivity in this case can be described as the ratio of a voltage change at the grid connection point to a change in the supply of real power at the grid connection point.
Preferably, the phase angle control has a proportional response characteristic, so that the phase angle control prescribes a phase angle in proportion to a voltage deviation, and the delay function has a lst order, 2'd order or higher order transfer function, in particular a linear transfer function.
The phase angle control therefore has a proportional response. This can be achieved by means of the use of a P controller for example. In particular the voltage deviation, that is to say the deviation in the recorded grid voltage from the grid rated voltage or the deviation in the recorded grid voltage from a prescribed voltage setpoint value, is used for this.
As a result of the time constant according to the invention and the proportional response of the phase
According to one embodiment, it is proposed that the delay function is set or varied, whether by an adaptation algorithm or otherwise, on the basis of the grid sensitivity. The grid sensitivity in this case can be described as the ratio of a voltage change at the grid connection point to a change in the supply of real power at the grid connection point.
Preferably, the phase angle control has a proportional response characteristic, so that the phase angle control prescribes a phase angle in proportion to a voltage deviation, and the delay function has a lst order, 2'd order or higher order transfer function, in particular a linear transfer function.
The phase angle control therefore has a proportional response. This can be achieved by means of the use of a P controller for example. In particular the voltage deviation, that is to say the deviation in the recorded grid voltage from the grid rated voltage or the deviation in the recorded grid voltage from a prescribed voltage setpoint value, is used for this.
As a result of the time constant according to the invention and the proportional response of the phase
- 9 -angle control, the phase angle control reacts particularly gently to grid perturbations. To produce such phase angle control, PT1 or PT2 elements are preferably used, that is to say ls' or 2nd order delay functions, which in particular form a linear transfer function.
The reason is that it has been identified that the use of pure I elements can be disadvantageous in regard to grid stability.
Preferably, the at least one time constant is prescribed externally to alter the delay, in particular by an operator of the electrical supply grid.
The at least one alterable time constant can therefore be prescribed by the grid operator at any time. The grid operator can therefore set the response of the phase angle control itself by altering the time constant itself.
This is particularly advantageous in critical grid situations, for example in the event of grid restoration. In this case, it can be desirable, by way of example, for the phase angle control to have a particularly hard control characteristic. The network operator can then set the time constant according to this requirement.
Preferably, the phase angle control has a nonlinear response characteristic or the phase angle control has a response characteristic mappable by a higher order, preferably at least 3ra order, polynomial function. This allows an amplitude dependency of the phase angle
The reason is that it has been identified that the use of pure I elements can be disadvantageous in regard to grid stability.
Preferably, the at least one time constant is prescribed externally to alter the delay, in particular by an operator of the electrical supply grid.
The at least one alterable time constant can therefore be prescribed by the grid operator at any time. The grid operator can therefore set the response of the phase angle control itself by altering the time constant itself.
This is particularly advantageous in critical grid situations, for example in the event of grid restoration. In this case, it can be desirable, by way of example, for the phase angle control to have a particularly hard control characteristic. The network operator can then set the time constant according to this requirement.
Preferably, the phase angle control has a nonlinear response characteristic or the phase angle control has a response characteristic mappable by a higher order, preferably at least 3ra order, polynomial function. This allows an amplitude dependency of the phase angle
- 10 -control to be achieved, so that a higher gain can be achieved for higher voltage deviations, for example.
A nonlinear response can be implemented in the phase angle control by a higher order polynomial function, for example.
Preferably, the phase angle control tracks the phase angle on the basis of a grid situation of the electrical supply grid, in particular tracks it on the basis of the grid sensitivity of the electrical supply grid.
It is therefore proposed that the phase angle control is carried out adaptively, in particular such that the electrical supply grid or a prevailing grid situation of the electrical supply grid is taken into consideration therefor.
By way of example, the electrical supply grid is of low performance design, i.e. there are only a few generators and loads. In such a case, the phase angle control would have a great influence on the response of the electrical supply grid. Precisely for such, in particular specific, grid situations, it is now proposed that the grid situation is accordingly taken into consideration when controlling the phase angle.
Particularly preferably, it is proposed that the phase angle is tracked on the basis of the grid sensitivity.
The grid sensitivity is in this case more preferably specified as a change in the voltage of the electrical supply grid for a change in the supplied real power.
A nonlinear response can be implemented in the phase angle control by a higher order polynomial function, for example.
Preferably, the phase angle control tracks the phase angle on the basis of a grid situation of the electrical supply grid, in particular tracks it on the basis of the grid sensitivity of the electrical supply grid.
It is therefore proposed that the phase angle control is carried out adaptively, in particular such that the electrical supply grid or a prevailing grid situation of the electrical supply grid is taken into consideration therefor.
By way of example, the electrical supply grid is of low performance design, i.e. there are only a few generators and loads. In such a case, the phase angle control would have a great influence on the response of the electrical supply grid. Precisely for such, in particular specific, grid situations, it is now proposed that the grid situation is accordingly taken into consideration when controlling the phase angle.
Particularly preferably, it is proposed that the phase angle is tracked on the basis of the grid sensitivity.
The grid sensitivity is in this case more preferably specified as a change in the voltage of the electrical supply grid for a change in the supplied real power.
- 11 -Phase angle control therefore preferably has a nonlinear response characteristic.
According to the invention, a generator of electrical energy, in particular a wind power installation, is moreover proposed, comprising a generator unit for generating an electric power that has phase angle control configured to carry out a method as described above or below.
The generator of electrical energy is therefore preferably a wind power installation. The wind power installation or the generator comprises a generator unit for generating an electric power, for example a power inverter. The power inverter in turn has actuation that comprises phase angle control, wherein the phase angle control has a delay function according to the invention.
This allows the wind power installation to participate in the grid control particularly gently. The wind power installation is particularly suitable therefor, because it forms a generator that can change its supplied power very quickly according to level and type. It can therefore control and react very quickly and therefore a delay is actively prescribable and settable because a wind power installation has no significant, physically dependent delay response of its own.
According to the invention, a wind farm is further proposed, comprising at least two wind power installations and a wind farm control unit, wherein the wind farm control unit has phase angle control
According to the invention, a generator of electrical energy, in particular a wind power installation, is moreover proposed, comprising a generator unit for generating an electric power that has phase angle control configured to carry out a method as described above or below.
The generator of electrical energy is therefore preferably a wind power installation. The wind power installation or the generator comprises a generator unit for generating an electric power, for example a power inverter. The power inverter in turn has actuation that comprises phase angle control, wherein the phase angle control has a delay function according to the invention.
This allows the wind power installation to participate in the grid control particularly gently. The wind power installation is particularly suitable therefor, because it forms a generator that can change its supplied power very quickly according to level and type. It can therefore control and react very quickly and therefore a delay is actively prescribable and settable because a wind power installation has no significant, physically dependent delay response of its own.
According to the invention, a wind farm is further proposed, comprising at least two wind power installations and a wind farm control unit, wherein the wind farm control unit has phase angle control
- 12 -configured to carry out a method as described above or below.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the phase angle control comprising the delay function according to the invention is implemented in a wind farm control unit.
As a result, multiple wind power installations are combined to form a generator of electrical energy, wherein the generator has the response according to the invention. In particular, the delay function is implemented in the wind farm control unit. A wind farm can also fundamentally react as quickly as a wind power installation, and therefore the wind farm is also well suited to implementing the methods described above, as has already been explained for the wind power installation.
The present invention is now explained more specifically below in exemplary fashion on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a wind power installation according to the invention, fig. 2 schematically shows a design of a wind farm according to the invention, and fig. 3 schematically shows the design of phase angle control in a particularly preferred embodiment.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, the phase angle control comprising the delay function according to the invention is implemented in a wind farm control unit.
As a result, multiple wind power installations are combined to form a generator of electrical energy, wherein the generator has the response according to the invention. In particular, the delay function is implemented in the wind farm control unit. A wind farm can also fundamentally react as quickly as a wind power installation, and therefore the wind farm is also well suited to implementing the methods described above, as has already been explained for the wind power installation.
The present invention is now explained more specifically below in exemplary fashion on the basis of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying figures.
Fig. 1 schematically shows a perspective view of a wind power installation according to the invention, fig. 2 schematically shows a design of a wind farm according to the invention, and fig. 3 schematically shows the design of phase angle control in a particularly preferred embodiment.
- 13 -Fig. 1 shows a wind power installation 100 comprising a generator unit for generating an electric power that has phase angle control that is configured, by means of phase angle control that has a delay function characterized by at least one time constant, to carry out a method as described above or below.
The wind power installation has a tower 102 and a nacelle 104. The nacelle 104 has a rotor 106 arranged on it, having three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110.
The rotor 106 is set in a rotary motion by the wind during operation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104.
Fig. 2 shows a design of a wind farm 200 according to the invention. The wind farm 200 has, in exemplary fashion, three wind power installations 210 of the same design that are connected to one another via a wind farm grid 220. The wind power installations 210 comprise a wind power installation control unit 212 and each generate an electric power comprising a reactive power component, which is supplied to the electrical distribution grid 260 via the wind farm grid 220 by means of a wind farm transformer 230, a supply line 240 and a grid transformer 250 at a grid connection point PCC.
The wind farm 200 has a wind farm control unit 270. The wind farm control unit 270 has phase angle control 300 in order to set the phase angle (f) describing the angle between the current I and the voltage U of the supplied electric power. To this end, the phase angle control 300 has a delay function characterized by at least one time constant Tl.
The wind power installation has a tower 102 and a nacelle 104. The nacelle 104 has a rotor 106 arranged on it, having three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110.
The rotor 106 is set in a rotary motion by the wind during operation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104.
Fig. 2 shows a design of a wind farm 200 according to the invention. The wind farm 200 has, in exemplary fashion, three wind power installations 210 of the same design that are connected to one another via a wind farm grid 220. The wind power installations 210 comprise a wind power installation control unit 212 and each generate an electric power comprising a reactive power component, which is supplied to the electrical distribution grid 260 via the wind farm grid 220 by means of a wind farm transformer 230, a supply line 240 and a grid transformer 250 at a grid connection point PCC.
The wind farm 200 has a wind farm control unit 270. The wind farm control unit 270 has phase angle control 300 in order to set the phase angle (f) describing the angle between the current I and the voltage U of the supplied electric power. To this end, the phase angle control 300 has a delay function characterized by at least one time constant Tl.
- 14 -The communication interface 272 can be used, for example by the network operator, to set the at least one time constant Ti externally. The communication interface 272 can also be used to prescribe the setpoint voltage, in particular in a range of 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage URATED=
Further, the wind farm control unit 270 has a measuring device 274 for recording the grid voltage UGRID and a control interface 276 for controlling the wind power installations 210. In particular the control interface 276 can be used to transfer the phase angles yl, y2, y3 calculated by the phase angle control 300 to the wind power installation 210.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the design of phase angle control 300 in a particularly preferred embodiment.
The phase angle control 300 has a 1St order delay function and therefore forms a lst' order transfer function. The delay function 310 has a time constant Ti that is prescribed externally. This can be done by the network operator, for example. The network operator in turn can use an adaptation algorithm to alter the delay or to set the time constant Ti.
The input variables LU used to set the phase angle YN
are the recorded grid voltage UGRIG and a setpoint voltage USETPOINT, wherein the setpoint voltage USETPOINT is prescribed in a range from 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage. It can likewise be prescribed by the network operator or by the generator itself.
Further, the wind farm control unit 270 has a measuring device 274 for recording the grid voltage UGRID and a control interface 276 for controlling the wind power installations 210. In particular the control interface 276 can be used to transfer the phase angles yl, y2, y3 calculated by the phase angle control 300 to the wind power installation 210.
Fig. 3 schematically shows the design of phase angle control 300 in a particularly preferred embodiment.
The phase angle control 300 has a 1St order delay function and therefore forms a lst' order transfer function. The delay function 310 has a time constant Ti that is prescribed externally. This can be done by the network operator, for example. The network operator in turn can use an adaptation algorithm to alter the delay or to set the time constant Ti.
The input variables LU used to set the phase angle YN
are the recorded grid voltage UGRIG and a setpoint voltage USETPOINT, wherein the setpoint voltage USETPOINT is prescribed in a range from 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage. It can likewise be prescribed by the network operator or by the generator itself.
- 15 -The input variable AU is therefore a system deviation, namely the difference between recorded grid voltage UGRID
and prescribed setpoint voltage USETPOINT=
The phase angle (pN is therefore determined from the system deviation .LU, wherein the phase angle (PN is a delayed phase angle.
The phase angle (PN is then transferred to the applicable control units of the generators. The phase angle (PN is therefore altered such that the grid voltage at at least one prescribed point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially unaltered.
and prescribed setpoint voltage USETPOINT=
The phase angle (pN is therefore determined from the system deviation .LU, wherein the phase angle (PN is a delayed phase angle.
The phase angle (PN is then transferred to the applicable control units of the generators. The phase angle (PN is therefore altered such that the grid voltage at at least one prescribed point in the electrical supply grid remains substantially unaltered.
Claims (18)
1. A method for supplying electric power to an electrical supply grid that has a grid rated voltage (URATED) and is operated at a grid voltage (UGRID) r wherein the supplied electric power has a reactive power component that is prescribed by a phase angle ((p) describing an angle between a current (I) and a voltage (U) of the supplied electric power, wherein the phase angle is set by means of phase angle control (300) that has a delay function (310) characterized by at least one time constant (T1), wherein the phase angle control (300) of the method alters the phase angle on the basis of at least one grid voltage (UGRID) recorded in the electrical supply grid, such that the grid voltage (tkraD) is regulated to a prescribed voltage setpoint value.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that - the phase angle is altered such that the grid voltage (UGRID) remains substantially unaltered at at least one prescribed point in the electrical supply grid.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that - the phase angle is altered on the basis of a setpoint voltage ( USETPOINT ) r and the setpoint voltage (UsETPOINT) is prescribed in a range from 105% to 110% of the grid rated voltage (URATED) =
4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that - the at least one time constant is varied to alter the delay function (310).
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the at least one time constant is varied on the basis of a grid state and/or a grid sensitivity.
6. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that - the delay function (310) or the at least one time constant is alterable by means of an adaptation algorithm to alter a delay.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein an alteration determined by the adaptation algorithm is performed on the basis of a grid state or the grid state and/or a grid sensitivity or the grid sensitivity.
8. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that - the phase angle control (300) has a proportional response characteristic, so that the phase angle control (300) prescribes a phase angle in proportion to a voltage deviation, and - the delay function (310) has a 1st order, 2nd order or higher order transfer function.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein the higher order transfer function is a linear transfer function.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that - the at least one time constant is prescribed externally to alter a delay or the delay.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the at least one time constant is prescribed by an operator of the electrical supply grid.
12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that - the phase angle control (300) has a non-linear response characteristic or - the phase angle control (300) has a response characteristic mappable by a higher order polynomial function.
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the higher order polynomial function is at least 3rd order.
14. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that - the phase angle control tracks the phase angle on the basis of a grid situation of the electrical supply grid.
15. The method as claimed in claim 14, wherein the phase angle control tracks the phase angle on the basis of a grid sensitivity or the grid sensitivity of the electrical supply grid.
16. A generator of electrical energy, comprising a generator unit for generating an electric power that has phase angle control (300) configured to carry out a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.
17. The generator of electrical energy as claimed in claim 16 wherein the generator is a wind power installation.
18. A wind farm (200) comprising at least two wind power installations (210) and a wind farm control unit (270), wherein the wind farm control unit (270) has phase angle control (300), configured to carry out a method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017102018.7 | 2017-02-02 | ||
| DE102017102018.7A DE102017102018A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2017-02-02 | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
| PCT/EP2018/052617 WO2018141892A1 (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA3049617A1 CA3049617A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| CA3049617C true CA3049617C (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3049617A Active CA3049617C (en) | 2017-02-02 | 2018-02-02 | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
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| US (1) | US10868427B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3577738A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2020506664A (en) |
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| CN (1) | CN110249496A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112019015157A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3049617C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102017102018A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2018141892A1 (en) |
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| EP4033626A1 (en) | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-27 | Wobben Properties GmbH | Method for monitoring an electric supply network |
| EP4033627A1 (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-07-27 | Wobben Properties GmbH | Method for monitoring an electric supply network |
| EP4084259A1 (en) | 2021-04-26 | 2022-11-02 | Wobben Properties GmbH | Method and wind energy system for feeding electrical energy into an electricity supply network |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2577561B2 (en) * | 1986-10-17 | 1997-02-05 | ニシム電子工業株式会社 | AC voltage regulator |
| JP2000060003A (en) * | 1998-08-04 | 2000-02-25 | Toshiba Corp | Control equipment for ac-to-dc converter used in dc power transmission system |
| DE10136974A1 (en) | 2001-04-24 | 2002-11-21 | Aloys Wobben | Method for operating a wind turbine |
| ES2627818T3 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2017-07-31 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Procedure for the operation of a wind farm |
| DE102009014012B4 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-02-13 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for operating a wind energy plant |
| CA2871370C (en) | 2012-04-27 | 2018-08-14 | Senvion Se | Wind farm with fast local reactive power control |
| DE102012213830A1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Repower Systems Se | Improved voltage regulation for wind turbines |
| EP2793343A1 (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2014-10-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Coordinating voltage controllers within a wind park being connected to a utility grid |
| JP6342203B2 (en) * | 2014-04-03 | 2018-06-13 | 株式会社東芝 | Wind farm output control device, method, and program |
| DK3002453T3 (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2017-05-01 | Siemens Ag | Automatic setting of parameter values of a wind farm controller |
| US9831810B2 (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2017-11-28 | General Electric Company | System and method for improved reactive power speed-of-response for a wind farm |
| DE102016101468A1 (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-07-27 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Method for feeding electrical power into an electrical supply network |
-
2017
- 2017-02-02 DE DE102017102018.7A patent/DE102017102018A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-02-02 KR KR1020197025784A patent/KR20190109539A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-02-02 US US16/482,181 patent/US10868427B2/en active Active
- 2018-02-02 JP JP2019559399A patent/JP2020506664A/en active Pending
- 2018-02-02 CN CN201880009977.6A patent/CN110249496A/en active Pending
- 2018-02-02 CA CA3049617A patent/CA3049617C/en active Active
- 2018-02-02 WO PCT/EP2018/052617 patent/WO2018141892A1/en unknown
- 2018-02-02 BR BR112019015157-5A patent/BR112019015157A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-02-02 EP EP18703957.3A patent/EP3577738A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
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| CN110249496A (en) | 2019-09-17 |
| DE102017102018A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 |
| EP3577738A1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
| US20200044455A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
| JP2020506664A (en) | 2020-02-27 |
| CA3049617A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| US10868427B2 (en) | 2020-12-15 |
| WO2018141892A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| KR20190109539A (en) | 2019-09-25 |
| BR112019015157A2 (en) | 2020-03-24 |
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