CA3034193C - Marine energy storage unit, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit - Google Patents

Marine energy storage unit, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit

Info

Publication number
CA3034193C
CA3034193C CA3034193A CA3034193A CA3034193C CA 3034193 C CA3034193 C CA 3034193C CA 3034193 A CA3034193 A CA 3034193A CA 3034193 A CA3034193 A CA 3034193A CA 3034193 C CA3034193 C CA 3034193C
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
water
cabinet
energy storage
temperature
storage unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
CA3034193A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA3034193A1 (en
Inventor
Jens HJORTESET
Original Assignee
Kongsberg Maritime AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kongsberg Maritime AS filed Critical Kongsberg Maritime AS
Publication of CA3034193A1 publication Critical patent/CA3034193A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA3034193C publication Critical patent/CA3034193C/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C3/00—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places
    • A62C3/16—Fire prevention, containment or extinguishing specially adapted for particular objects or places in electrical installations, e.g. cableways
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J2/00—Arrangements of ventilation, heating, cooling, or air-conditioning
    • B63J2/02—Ventilation; Air-conditioning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30—Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

Marine energy storage unit with thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent cell temperature increase, said marine energy storage unit comprises at least one closed module cabinet (10) with a plurality of stacked battery cells (4) and an internal cooling system. The internal cooling system comprises an enclosed cabinet cooling circuit (3) with a water-to-air exchanger (20) for air cooling of the battery cells (4), and the water-to-air exchanger (20) is connected to a water-to-water heat exchanger (30) for receipt of water from an external source.

Description

1 MARINE ENERGY STORAGE UNIT, AND A METHOD TO PREVENT THERMAL RUNAWAY IN A MARINE ENERGY STORAGE UNIT Field of the invention The present invention relates to a marine energy storage unit with thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent cell temperature increase, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit. Background of the invention Energy storage systems with for instance lithium-ion battery cells are used in many applications, such as electric ferries, hybrid offshore vessels, hybrid drilling rigs, cranes and other applications with high current requirements. In recent years many ship designers have started to replace conventional diesel- or gas engines with battery packs, or the diesel- or gas engines work together with battery packs. Thermal runaway can be a problem in such energy storage systems. Thermal runaway occurs in situations where an increase in temperature changes the conditions in a way that causes a further increase in temperature, often leading to a destructive result. In electrical engineering, thermal runaway is typically associated with increased current flow and power dissipation, although exothermic chemical reactions can be of concern here too. Some electronic components develop lower resistances or lower triggering voltages (for nonlinear resistances) as their internal temperature increases. If circuit conditions cause markedly increased current flow in these situations, increased power dissipation may raise the temperature further by Joule heating. A vicious circle or positive feedback effect of thermal runaway can cause failure, sometimes in a spectacular fashion (e.g. electrical explosion or fire). To prevent these hazards, welldesigned electronic systems typically incorporate current limiting protection, such as thermal fuses, circuit breakers, or PTC current limiters. To handle larger currents, circuit designers may connect multiple lower-capacity devices (e.g. transistors, diodes, or MOVs) in parallel. This technique can work well, but is susceptible to a phenomenon called current hogging, in which the current is not shared equally across all devices. Typically, one device may have a slightly CA 3034193 2019-02-192 lower resistance, and thus draws more current, heating it more than its sibling devices, causing its resistance to drop further. The electrical load ends up funneling into a single device, which then rapidly fails. Thus, an array of devices may end up no more robust than its weakest component. The current-hogging effect can be reduced by carefully matching the characteristics of each paralleled device, or by using other design techniques to balance the electrical load. However, maintaining load balance under extreme conditions may not be straightforward. Devices with an intrinsic positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of electrical resistance are less prone to current hogging, but thermal runaway can still occur because of poor heat sinking or other problems. Many electronic circuits contain special provisions to prevent thermal runaway. This is most often seen in transistor biasing arrangements for high-power output stages. However, when equipment is used above its designed ambient temperature, thermal runaway can still occur in some cases. This occasionally causes equipment failures in hot environments, or when air cooling vents are blocked. Thermal runaway in marine energy storage systems occurs mainly due to heavy load cycles, which increases internal temperature in the stacks of lithium-ion battery cells. Thermal runaway can also occur due to cell production failure, internal or external electrical failures or external heat sources. Such energy storage systems can be housed in an IP cabinet or enclosure. The International (or Ingress) Protection IP rating system defines an enclosure's protective capacity, and then assigns an IP Code. The code labels an enclosure's IP followed by two numbers; the first digit shows the extent to which equipment is protected against particles, and the second digit indicates the extent of protection against water. For instance IP54 enclosures have a high level of protection against particles, and a fair amount of protection against water. Disclosure of the state of art Low-cost battery modules available today are designed for use in bulk energy land applications. These systems require the use of fire suppression systems, they have no failure containment (i.e. vent gases to room), and the packaging typically does not comply with marine requirements. CA 3034193 2019-02-193 A disadvantages with the known systems can be that the rack releases energy to the battery room from the full module, and they therefore require fire suppression systems. It is also known marine energy storage systems that are designed as a modular, stackable and configurable energy storage building block. Each module is comprised of several lithium-ion battery cells. The cells can be encased in a metal housing for protection, cooling and safety. These modules are connected in series to achieve bus voltage and parallel strings are added together to meet the total required system capacity. Water cooling is used directly on the battery cells. Such modules can be housed in racking systems and in containers. The rack construction provides mechanical protection, integrated cooling and an external venting system. US 2015/0101355 A1 discloses an air conditioning system and method for a highvoltage battery of a vehicle. The system includes a first heat exchanger that is disposed within a battery housing and a first blower that supplies air to the first heat exchanger. A peltier element is combined with the first heat exchanger and a first surface of the peltier element comes into contact with the first heat exchanger. A second heat exchanger is disposed in an air extraction unit of a trunk room and a second blower supplies air to the second heat exchanger, to discharge air inside the trunk room to an exterior after performing heat exchange. A cooling line operates as a coolant circulating line, and a first end of the cooling line comes into contact with a second surface of the peltier element and a second end performs heat exchange between the second end and the second heat exchanger. KR 101614688 B discloses a battery pack for airtight electric ships. The battery pack comprises: a battery pack case including an upper case and a lower case; an air layer/cooling water layer forming part including an upper air layer/cooling water layer forming part and a lower air layer/cooling water layer forming part; and a flexible closed end including a first flexible closed end and a second flexible closed end. By having an airtight structure, the battery pack can achieve conditions required as the battery pack for electric ships, including vibration, impact, waterproofness, dustproofness, and thermal radiation. CA 3034193 2019-02-194 Objects of the present invention On marine vessels, in particular electric and hybrid vessels, there is thus a need for energy storage unit or enclosure on a marine platform, in where the mentioned disadvantages can be avoided. The invention will enable mass production of battery modules in the marine segment to reduce financial risk, price, increase quality and enable more marine battery installations, hence reducing global emissions. The invention also provides increased safety due to multiple safety barriers, gives simpler vessel integration, and “battery room” in a box. It can also cover the ageing aspect in propagation control. With the invention it is possible to use low-cost land modules in a sealed cabinet that will allow any fire suppression system to be used, and confine a module thermal event to a small defined space. It is expected that the invention can provide a lowcost energy storage solution that offers substantial reduction in the installed price compared to today’s market prices. A further object is application of fresh water or sea water for use in the cooling systems. It is also an object to provide a system and a method with several thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent cell temperature increase. Summary of the invention The above objects are achieved with a marine energy storage unit with thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent cell temperature increase, said marine energy storage unit comprises at least one closed module cabinet with a plurality of stacked battery cells and an internal cooling system, wherein the internal cooling system comprises an enclosed cabinet cooling circuit with a water-to-air exchanger for air cooling of the battery cells, and the water-to-air exchanger is connected to a waterto-water heat exchanger for receipt of water from an external source. The enclosed cabinet cooling circuit is preferably a first safety barrier arranged to prevent cell temperature increase. CA 3034193 2019-02-195 The module cabinet can comprise an additional safety barrier with a cooling medium unit, said cooling medium unit being arranged to release cooling medium in the cabinet cooling circuit in case of temperature increase. The module cabinet can comprise an additional safety barrier with an gas unit, said gas unit being arranged to release gas in the cabinet cooling circuit in case of temperature increase. The module cabinet can comprise additional safety barriers based on oxygen removal or cooling mediums, said additional safety barriers being arranged to release gas or cooling medium in the cabinet cooling circuit in case of detection of gas, such as hydrogen. The cooling medium units and the gas units can be connected to one or more temperature sensors in the module cabinet. The cooling medium units and the additional safety barrier units can be housed in separate sections in the closed module cabinet or externally as separated units The module cabinet can also comprise an additional safety barrier, said additional barrier being an extraction fan arranged to start if a lower explosion limit is reached. The module cabinet can further comprise an additional safety barrier, said additional barrier being a water mist system arranged to be released in case of thermal runaway. The water-to-water heat exchanger is preferable connected to a circulation pump pumping in sea water, wherein the sea water is temperature regulated in the waterto-water heat exchanger. The water-to-air exchanger can comprise a fan directing cooling air to the battery cells. The stacked battery cells can be lithium-ion batteries. Several module cabinets can be connected in series forming a string. CA 3034193 2019-02-196 The above objects are also achieved with a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit, said marine energy storage unit comprises at least one closed module cabinet with a plurality of stacked battery cells and an internal cooling system, wherein the method comprises the steps: regulation of water temperature in water supplied to a water-to-air exchanger in an enclosed cooling circuit in the cabinet, and directing air directly to the battery cells, wherein the air is cooled in the water-to-air exchanger. For regulation of water temperature in water supplied to the water-to-air exchanger, the water-to-air exchanger can be connected to a water-to-water heat exchanger receiving water from an external source. The method may further comprises the steps: in case the previous safety barrier fails and cell or cabinet temperature increases to thermal runaway, releasing a cooling medium in the cabinet cooling circuit. The method may further comprises the steps: in case the previous safety barriers fail and cell or cabinet temperature continues into thermal runaway, releasing a gas medium in the cabinet cooling circuit. The method may further comprises the steps: in case the previous safety barriers fail and detection of gas and thermal runaway temperature, releasing a gas in the cabinet cooling circuit. The method may further comprises the steps: in case the previous safety barriers fail and lower explosion limit is reached, disconnecting non ex-rated equipment and staring an extraction fan. The method may further comprises the steps: in case the previous safety barriers fail and detection of thermal runaway, releasing a water mist into the cabinet preventing propagation of fire. Description of the figures Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following figures, wherein: CA 3034193 2019-02-197 Figure 1 shows a first embodiment of a modular cabinet according to the invention. Figure 2 shows the modular cabinet connected to an external cooling system. Figure 3 shows an internal cooling system of the modular cabinet. Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of a modular cabinet according to the invention. Description of preferred embodiments of the invention A marine energy storage unit according to the invention may comprise several modular cabinets 10 as shown in figure 1, 2 and 4. The modular cabinets 10 can be connected in series forming a string. Each string may have an independent electrical connection to the DC-link. The invention will however in the following be described in relation to a marine energy storing unit with one modular cabinet 10. Reference number 10 is given to the embodiment shown in both figure 1 and 4. The modular cabinet 10 has as main features: a control section 1, a fire suppression section 2, an internal cooling circuit 3, a string section with stacked battery cells 4, a thermal runaway piping interface 5, an inlet air valve 6 and a water cooling interface 7. The battery cells 4 are preferable lithium-ion batteries. The lithium-ion battery cells 4 can be stacked in the module cabinet 10 with for instance two cells in parallel and the rest in series. The marine energy storage unit is thus a module based cabinet design. Each modular cabinet 10 comprises control, fire suppression, cooling and several string sections. The modular cabinet 10 is designed to be IP isolated from the room environment. The cabinet may have an IP 54 enclosure, or other IP enclosures dependent on requirements, and will not need to use air from the room to cool the battery cells 4. The external cooling interface is preferable fresh-water or sea water. The cabinet 10 is connected to an external water-to-water exchanger 30, and the cabinet 10 has an internal heat exchanger 20 with water-to-air conversion and an internal ducting system 24. The external water-to-water exchanger 30 and the internal heat exchanger 20 are interconnected in the water cooling interface 7. CA 3034193 2019-02-198 In addition, the cabinet 10 has an internal fire suppression system to prevent explosion, fire and battery module propagation in case of a thermal runaway event in a battery module 4. The interfaces required for the cabinet design is external cooling water, received from the water-to-water exchanger 30 at for instance 6-17°C, gas extraction ventilation, electrical DC main power, auxiliary power supply and control interface 1. Each modular cabinet 10 in the marine energy storage unit can have several thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent battery cell temperature increase. A possible first safety barrier is the cabinet cooling design, which is based on the internal and enclosed cooling circuit 3. Hence, cooling of the room environment may not be required. The internal cooling circuit 3 will keep the battery cells 4 in the cabinet string module at for instance 23°C +/- 5°C if the ambient air temperature is maximum 45°C and the cooling water is for instance 6-17°C. The internal cooling circuit 3 is shown in more detail in figures 1, 3 and 4, and comprises the water-to-air exchanger 20 receiving water via the water interface 7 in a line L2i. Used water from the water-to-air exchanger 20 exits via a line L3i to the water interface 7. Air Ac passing the water-to-air exchanger 20 is cooled and is directed to pass the battery cells 4 by one or more fans 22, as shown by the arrows in figure 3. In order to supply water of optimal temperature to the water-to-air exchanger 20 in the cabinet 10, the external water-to-water heat exchanger 30 is connected to the water interface 7. The external water-to-water heat exchanger 30 receives water from an external source, such as sea or fresh water, via a line L1, to the water-towater heat exchanger 30, and further to the water interface 7 of the cabinet 10. The external water may have a temperature of for instance 0-32°C, but the water to the water-to-air exchanger 20 in the cooling circuit 3 can be maintained at for instance a temperature range of 6-17°C, after being cooled, or heated, in the water-to-water heat exchanger 30. Figure 2 shows the external water supply system connected to the cabinet 10. The water can be pumped using one or two circulation pumps 32. A pressure tank 34 and valve 36 may also be incorporated in the system. Water from the water-to-air exchanger 20 exits the water interface 7 via a line L3 to the valve and can flow to the CA 3034193 2019-02-199 line L2 via the valve 36 or to the water-to-water heat exchanger 30, in where it can be cooled again or released externally. As mentioned, each modular cabinet 10 in the marine energy storage unit has several thermal runaway safety barriers. Some of the barriers are optional depending on the technology put into the energy storage unit. How many barriers that needs to be used and the activation sequence of the safety barriers is dependent on the battery cell and battery modules used/placed inside the energy storage unit. For thermal detection can one or more temperature sensors T, T1 be mounted inside the battery module, and also in the air-inlet and outlet on the battery module or cabinet 10. In case a first safety barrier fails and cell or cabinet temperature increases to thermal runaway, a cooling medium can be released in the cabinet cooling circuit 3. This is an additional and possible second safety barrier. Releasing cooling medium (for instance gas or water-mist) will reverse the thermal runaway so that no gas release or fire occur. In fig. 1, cooling medium in the form of gas can be released from a cooling medium unit 2a in the fire suppression section 2. In fig. 4, cooling medium in the form of water mist can be released from a cooling medium unit 40 in the fire suppression section 2. Alternatively the cooling medium can be released from an external cooling medium unit. As an additional and possible third safety barrier, in case of cell or cabinet temperature continues into thermal runaway, additional gas or cooling medium can released and circulated in the cooling circuit 3. If thermal runaway cells ventilates there is no explosion and fire atmosphere due to the gas or cooling medium. In fig. 1, the gas, for instance inert gas, or cooling medium can be supplied from the gas or cooling unit 2b located in the fire suppression section 2. In fig. 4, the cooling medium in the form of water mist can be supplied from the cooling medium unit 40 located in the fire suppression section 2. Alternatively the gas and cooling medium can be released from an external cooling medium unit. In case of undetected thermal runaway temperature, as an additional and possible fourth safety barrier, additional gas or cooling medium can be released based on gas detection (hydrogen) so that there is no explosion and fire atmosphere due to the fire suppression medium. The additional gas, for instance inert gas, or cooling medium CA 3034193 2019-02-1910 can be released from a second gas or cooling unit 2c, alternatively the gas and cooling medium can be released from an external cooling medium unit, and gas detections sensors G, G1 can be installed in the cabinet 10, possibly within the closed cooling circuit 3. To increase safety even more the cabinet 10 can be equipped with an additional and possible fifth safety barrier to prevent explosion. In case the previous barriers fails and lower explosion limit is reached, all non ex-rated equipment can be disconnected, hence removing ignition sources. An Ex-rated extraction fan 12 can be overridden and manually stared or start automatically. Gas is diluted to no explosive limits and transported to open air or safe location. As an additional and possible sixth safety barrier the cabinet can include a watermist system 14, which can be similar to or same as the water mist system disclosed in relation to fig. 4. In case failure in multiple safety barriers a high fog water mist system can manually or automatically be released into the cabinet 10 preventing propagation in case of a thermal-runaway. The automatically arranged release can be based on temperature and or gas detection in the cabinet. The cabinet 10 may also comprise leakage and/or humidity sensors D, D1. All sensors, i.e. temperature sensors T, T1, leakage/humidity sensors D, D1 and gas sensors G, G1, are connected to the control section 1. Figure 4 shows a second embodiment of a modular cabinet 10 according to the invention. The main difference between the embodiment in fig. 1 and fig. 4 is that the units 2a,2b,2c, which can be pressurized containers, have been omitted and replaced by a water mist system. The fire suppression section 2 of the second embodiment shown in fig. 4 comprises the cooling medium unit 40, in the form of the water mist system, connected to the control section 1. The cooling medium unit 40 comprises a water mist system having a water inlet 42 for supply of water to a container or tank 44. The tank 44 has several level switches LS. The tank 44 further has a water outlet 46 connected to a pump 50, said pump being controlled by the control section 1. Upon activation of the pump 50, pressurized water is sent to one or more water mist outlet 52 for distribution of water mist in the CA 3034193 2019-02-1911 air circulating in the cabinet cooling circuit 3. The water mist system will typically be activated in case of temperature increase, but may be activated based on other parameters, as mentioned previously. CA 3034193 2019-02-19

Claims (7)

12 The embodiments of the present invention for which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows: 1. A marine energy storage unit with thermal runaway safety barriers to prevent cell temperature increase, said marine energy storage unit comprising: at least one closed module cabinet comprising: a plurality of stacked lithium-ion battery cells, an internal cooling system, comprising a first safety barrier comprising an enclosed cabinet cooling circuit with a water-to-air exchanger for air cooling of the battery cells to prevent cell temperature increase, said water-toair exchanger connected to a water-to-water heat exchanger for receipt of water from an external source, a second safety barrier with a cooling medium unit located in a fire suppression section, said cooling medium unit releasing cooling medium in the cabinet cooling circuit in response to cell or cabinet temperature increasing to thermal runaway, at a first temperature, a third safety barrier with a first gas unit located in the fire suppression section, said first gas unit releasing inert gas in the cabinet cooling circuit in response to cell or cabinet termperature continuing into thermal runaway, at a second temperature, and a fourth safety barrier with a second gas unit located in the fire suppression section, said second gas unit releasing inert gas in the cabinet cooling circuit in response to detection of gas and thermal runaway temperature at a third temperature, wherein the second temperature is greater than the first temperature and the third temperature is greater than the second temperature.
2. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the module cabinet comprises one or more temperature sensors connected to at least one cooling medium unit and/or at least one gas unit.
3. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the module Date ReQue/Date Received 2023-04-2613 cabinet comprises a fifth additional safety barrier, said barrier being an extraction fan starting if a lower explosion limit is reached.
4. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the module cabinet comprises a sixth additional safety barrier, said barrier being a water mist system being released in case of thermal runaway.
5. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the water-to-water heat exchanger is connected to a circulation pump circulating water, wherein the water received from the external source is temperature regulated in the water-towater heat exchanger.
6. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein the water-to-air exchanger comprises a fan directing cooling air to the battery cells.
7. The marine energy storage unit according to claim 1, wherein several module cabinets are connected in series forming a string. Date ReQue/Date Received 2023-04-26
CA3034193A 2018-02-19 2019-02-19 Marine energy storage unit, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit Active CA3034193C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO20180252A NO348546B1 (en) 2018-02-19 2018-02-19 Marine energy storage unit
NO20180252 2019-02-18

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA3034193A1 CA3034193A1 (en) 2019-08-19
CA3034193C true CA3034193C (en) 2025-12-30

Family

ID=65493992

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA3034193A Active CA3034193C (en) 2018-02-19 2019-02-19 Marine energy storage unit, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11482745B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3528335A3 (en)
KR (1) KR20190100064A (en)
CA (1) CA3034193C (en)
NO (1) NO348546B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110707563B (en) * 2019-11-07 2021-02-26 合肥德源智能科技有限公司 Sealed explosion-proof block terminal
KR102342898B1 (en) * 2020-03-06 2021-12-24 엑셀로 주식회사 Refractory chamber for isolation of battery module and management system of energy storage device comprising the same
CN111355003B (en) * 2020-03-12 2021-08-10 奇瑞新能源汽车股份有限公司 A kind of heating method of power battery heating device
CN111840866B (en) * 2020-07-28 2021-08-10 沈阳北方防爆股份有限公司 Explosion-proof and fire-proof power cycle inspection cabinet structure and protection method thereof
CN112038531B (en) * 2020-09-14 2025-04-08 上海船舶研究设计院（中国船舶工业集团公司第六0四研究院） Marine battery container system with environmental control system and control method thereof
CN112072761A (en) * 2020-10-20 2020-12-11 仙居潘佳电子科技有限公司 Safety charging device for storage battery
FR3117273A1 (en) * 2020-12-08 2022-06-10 Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives Battery module with a plurality of electrochemical accumulators, comprising a nebulizer device for projecting microdroplets in the event of thermal runaway of at least one of the accumulators.
US12113225B2 (en) 2021-04-09 2024-10-08 Brunswick Corporation Watertight marine battery
US12230774B2 (en) 2021-04-09 2025-02-18 Brunswick Corporation Marine battery safety system and method
KR102521729B1 (en) 2021-04-21 2023-04-17 에이치디한국조선해양 주식회사 System for controlling battery inside ship
CA3140540A1 (en) 2021-11-26 2023-05-26 Stockage D'energie Evlo Inc. Energy stockkeeping unit with active ventilation system and associated process
CN114142127B (en) * 2021-11-29 2023-08-18 杭州光明汽车有限公司 Heat exchange module of new energy automobile
GB2617329A (en) * 2022-03-31 2023-10-11 Artemis Tech Limited Battery safety system and method
CN115548511B (en) * 2022-09-21 2025-11-21 国网时代(福建)储能发展有限公司 Sandwich type liquid cooling electric box and control method thereof
CN115911674B (en) * 2022-11-11 2025-11-11 厦门海辰储能科技股份有限公司 Energy storage device
KR102560226B1 (en) * 2023-02-07 2023-07-27 세호마린솔루션즈 주식회사 Battery room fire extinguishing device and extinguishing method for electric propulsion ships
KR102569669B1 (en) * 2023-02-07 2023-08-28 세호마린솔루션즈 주식회사 Battery pack fire Extinguishing Device and Extinguishing method for electric propulsion Ships
CN115832600B (en) * 2023-02-13 2023-05-05 山东新合源热传输科技有限公司 Vacuum negative pressure structure of lithium battery cell for vehicle
CN118472503B (en) * 2024-07-10 2024-09-17 国网山东省电力公司威海供电公司 Energy storage device for marine ranch ships
CN118738662B (en) * 2024-08-27 2024-11-12 万真能源安全科技(江苏)有限公司 Ventilation and pressure relief device for energy storage container and control method thereof

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050170238A1 (en) * 2004-02-04 2005-08-04 Abu-Isa Ismat A. Fire shielding battery case
WO2011123808A2 (en) * 2010-04-02 2011-10-06 Boston-Power, Inc. Battery pack safety techniques
KR101866355B1 (en) * 2011-03-25 2018-06-12 에스케이이노베이션 주식회사 Gas exhaust device of pouch type secondary battery
US8535104B1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2013-09-17 Brunswick Corporation Marine vessels and cooling systems for marine batteries on marine vessels
KR101558661B1 (en) * 2013-10-10 2015-10-07 현대자동차주식회사 Air conditioning system and method for high-voltage battery of vehicle
DE102013226145A1 (en) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Device and method for monitoring an energy storage and energy storage device
KR101614688B1 (en) * 2014-10-14 2016-04-22 티에스 주식회사 closed type electric vessel batterty pack
WO2017011475A1 (en) * 2015-07-13 2017-01-19 Cedar Marine Propulsion, Inc. Electric propulsion system for marine applications and method of use

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO348546B1 (en) 2025-03-03
NO20180252A1 (en) 2019-08-20
EP3528335A2 (en) 2019-08-21
KR20190100064A (en) 2019-08-28
EP3528335A3 (en) 2019-12-04
CA3034193A1 (en) 2019-08-19
US11482745B2 (en) 2022-10-25
US20200266508A1 (en) 2020-08-20

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA3034193C (en) Marine energy storage unit, and a method to prevent thermal runaway in a marine energy storage unit
KR102360019B1 (en) exhaust system
CN110462919B (en) Cooling system and method
KR102172449B1 (en) Fire diffusion prevention apparatus for battery system using latent heat of phase change material, and battery system including the same
EP3322015B1 (en) Battery
US20130209838A1 (en) Large format battery packaging system
US8211580B2 (en) Electronics cabinet with liquid cooling system for backup power fuel cell
CN102626006B (en) cooled electronic system
US20180288906A1 (en) An immersion cooling system
CN110171312A (en) Charging system with integrated form coolant storage
US20160036071A1 (en) Cooling concept for a fuel cell system for a vehicle and aircraft having such a fuel cell system
EP4123767A2 (en) Fuel cell temperature management device
JP2013168214A (en) Battery module
KR20240094578A (en) System for cooling battery of electrically propelling ship
EP3270455B1 (en) Battery storage system with integrated inverter
WO2025046616A1 (en) A hybrid system for thermal management of battery pack with immersion and phase change techniques
US11996573B1 (en) Electrical power storage subsystem
Zhang et al. Design of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Cooling Systems: An Integrated Study of Air and Liquid Cooling Technologies
WO2026013388A1 (en) Battery safety system
WO2025188301A1 (en) Hybrid thermal management system
KR20070085072A (en) Submarine power supply
CN118921900B (en) A power supply system and complete device
GB2642895A (en) A cooling assembly
Marongiu Thermal management design of battery compartments of outdoor telecommunication cabinets
Ordonez et al. Thermal Management of Battery Storage for All-Electric Ships

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
EEER Examination request

Effective date: 20220929

B12 Application deemed to be withdrawn, abandoned or lapsed

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: N-2-6-B10-B12-B302 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: DEEMED ABANDONED - CONDITIONS FOR GRANT DETERMINED NOT COMPLIANT

Effective date: 20240909

MFA Maintenance fee for application paid

Free format text: FEE DESCRIPTION TEXT: MF (APPLICATION, 6TH ANNIV.) - STANDARD

Year of fee payment: 6

U00 Fee paid

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-U10-U00-U101 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: MAINTENANCE REQUEST RECEIVED

Effective date: 20250214

D22 Grant of ip right intended

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-2-4-D10-D22-D143 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: PRE-GRANT

Effective date: 20250924

W00 Other event occurred

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-W10-W00-W111 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: CORRESPONDENT DETERMINED COMPLIANT

Effective date: 20250924

Q17 Modified document published

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-Q10-Q17-Q103 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: DOCUMENT PUBLISHED

Effective date: 20251229

F11 Ip right granted following substantive examination

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-F10-F11-X000 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: GRANT BY ISSUANCE

Effective date: 20251230

U11 Full renewal or maintenance fee paid

Free format text: ST27 STATUS EVENT CODE: A-4-4-U10-U11-U102 (AS PROVIDED BY THE NATIONAL OFFICE); EVENT TEXT: MAINTENANCE FEE PAYMENT PAID IN FULL

Effective date: 20260106