CA3021925A1 - Infusion procedure for enhancing image quality - Google Patents
Infusion procedure for enhancing image quality Download PDFInfo
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- CA3021925A1 CA3021925A1 CA3021925A CA3021925A CA3021925A1 CA 3021925 A1 CA3021925 A1 CA 3021925A1 CA 3021925 A CA3021925 A CA 3021925A CA 3021925 A CA3021925 A CA 3021925A CA 3021925 A1 CA3021925 A1 CA 3021925A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 title description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 117
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000012216 imaging agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000002107 myocardial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002600 positron emission tomography Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012217 radiopharmaceutical Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940121896 radiopharmaceutical Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000002799 radiopharmaceutical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-OIOBTWANSA-N Rubidium-82 Chemical compound [82Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-OIOBTWANSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010412 perfusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012857 radioactive material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012879 PET imaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000017531 blood circulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002872 contrast media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002603 single-photon emission computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/142—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps
- A61M5/145—Pressure infusion, e.g. using pumps using pressurised reservoirs, e.g. pressurised by means of pistons
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/172—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic
- A61M5/1723—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body electrical or electronic using feedback of body parameters, e.g. blood-sugar, pressure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M2005/1401—Functional features
- A61M2005/1403—Flushing or purging
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
- A61M2205/50—General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers
- A61M2205/502—User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Anesthesiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Diabetes (AREA)
- Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine (AREA)
Abstract
Disclosed are methods of radioisotope infusion comprising infusing saline comprising a diagnostic dose of a radioisotope, and delivering a pre-measured volume of push saline. The disclosed methods confer improved image quality with low background noise, higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) and higher contrast to noise ratio (CNR), leading to better diagnosis and thus eliminating the need of repeating the infusion and imaging which in turn reduces exposure of a patient to radiation.
Description
INFUSION PROCEDURE FOR ENHANCING IMAGE QUALITY
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to radioisotope elution systems and methods for imaging using such systems.
BACKGROUND
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involves the use of radioisotopes in a non-invasive manner for measurement of relative myocardial perfusion and absolute myocardial blood flow. A
limitation of present PET imaging is that infusion of ultra-short half-life tracers over a relatively long period tends to degrade image quality.
U.S. Pub. No. 2015/0228368, assigned to Jubilant Draxlmage Inc. and the Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation, discloses a rubidium elution system comprising "patient line flush mode"
in which saline flows through the bypass line and come out through patient line. This patient line flush is used prior to elution for expelling air from patient line and after the elution for removal of remaining radioactivity and delivery into patient.
U.S. Pub. No. 2017/0172527, assigned to Bayer HealthCare LLC, discloses a radiopharmaceutical dispensing system comprising intravenous line to inject the radiopharmaceutical into the patient. Saline flush is optionally used to increase 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) delivered into the patient.
PCT Publication No. WO 2009/152320, assigned to Bracco Diagnostics Inc., discloses a radiopharmaceutical infusion system for rubidium-82 comprising eluant flush at higher flow rate through by-pass line into patient line.
However, these publications, and the prior art generally, have not addressed ongoing problems relating to background noise, signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio, and other issues relating to image quality, that are associated with conventional nuclear medicine imaging procedures that use radioactive materials as contrast agents.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, an object of the presently disclosed methods is to improve image quality with low background noise, higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) and higher contrast to noise ratio (CNR), without increasing the total amount (activity) of radioisotope contrast injection delivered to a patient, which permits better diagnosis and reduces the need for repeating infusion and imaging procedures. This, in turn, reduces exposure of patients to radiation and maximizes image quality.
Disclosed herein are methods for infusing a radioisotope to a subject using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate Also provided herein are methods for obtaining a diagnostic image of a subject's heart using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate, and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
Also disclosed are diagnostic images of a subject's heart that is obtained using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, wherein the image is obtained by infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present disclosure relates to radioisotope elution systems and methods for imaging using such systems.
BACKGROUND
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) involves the use of radioisotopes in a non-invasive manner for measurement of relative myocardial perfusion and absolute myocardial blood flow. A
limitation of present PET imaging is that infusion of ultra-short half-life tracers over a relatively long period tends to degrade image quality.
U.S. Pub. No. 2015/0228368, assigned to Jubilant Draxlmage Inc. and the Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation, discloses a rubidium elution system comprising "patient line flush mode"
in which saline flows through the bypass line and come out through patient line. This patient line flush is used prior to elution for expelling air from patient line and after the elution for removal of remaining radioactivity and delivery into patient.
U.S. Pub. No. 2017/0172527, assigned to Bayer HealthCare LLC, discloses a radiopharmaceutical dispensing system comprising intravenous line to inject the radiopharmaceutical into the patient. Saline flush is optionally used to increase 18F-Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) delivered into the patient.
PCT Publication No. WO 2009/152320, assigned to Bracco Diagnostics Inc., discloses a radiopharmaceutical infusion system for rubidium-82 comprising eluant flush at higher flow rate through by-pass line into patient line.
However, these publications, and the prior art generally, have not addressed ongoing problems relating to background noise, signal to noise ratio, contrast to noise ratio, and other issues relating to image quality, that are associated with conventional nuclear medicine imaging procedures that use radioactive materials as contrast agents.
SUMMARY
Accordingly, an object of the presently disclosed methods is to improve image quality with low background noise, higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) and higher contrast to noise ratio (CNR), without increasing the total amount (activity) of radioisotope contrast injection delivered to a patient, which permits better diagnosis and reduces the need for repeating infusion and imaging procedures. This, in turn, reduces exposure of patients to radiation and maximizes image quality.
Disclosed herein are methods for infusing a radioisotope to a subject using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate Also provided herein are methods for obtaining a diagnostic image of a subject's heart using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate, and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
Also disclosed are diagnostic images of a subject's heart that is obtained using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, wherein the image is obtained by infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
2 BRIEF SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional radioisotope elution system used for imaging.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure can be more readily understood by reading the following detailed description, including the illustrative embodiments.
As used herein, the term "elution system" refers to a radioisotope infusion system intended for generating a solution containing radioisotope, measuring the radioactivity in the solution, and infusing the solution into a patient for diagnosis.
As used herein, the term "generator" or "radioisotope generator" refers to a hollow column inside a radio shielded container. The column is filled with an ion exchange resin and radioisotope is loaded onto the resin.
As used herein, the term "about" preferably means 10% of the indicated value.
As used herein, the "merge point" refers to a point in a tubing set where a bypass line and a generator outlet line intersect each other.
As used herein, the term "patient line" refers to a tubing segment that connects the merge point to a patient outlet and is used for infusing the patient with radioactive solution.
As used herein, the term "radioactive saline" refers to the saline solution containing radioactive tracer.
As used herein, the term "controller" refers to a computer or a part thereof programmed to perform certain calculations, execute instructions, and control various activities of an elution system based on user input or automatically.
As used herein, the term "tubing set" refers to a system of conduits that is used for carrying fluid from one point to another. Tubing for use in the tubing set may be formed from any appropriate material, including any disposable material or radiation resistant material.
For example, the tubing may be formed from flexible silicon material.
As used herein, the term "pump" refers to the component that is used to induce transportation of elution medium from a source to the inlet of a generator. Generally, a medical grade peristaltic
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional radioisotope elution system used for imaging.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present disclosure can be more readily understood by reading the following detailed description, including the illustrative embodiments.
As used herein, the term "elution system" refers to a radioisotope infusion system intended for generating a solution containing radioisotope, measuring the radioactivity in the solution, and infusing the solution into a patient for diagnosis.
As used herein, the term "generator" or "radioisotope generator" refers to a hollow column inside a radio shielded container. The column is filled with an ion exchange resin and radioisotope is loaded onto the resin.
As used herein, the term "about" preferably means 10% of the indicated value.
As used herein, the "merge point" refers to a point in a tubing set where a bypass line and a generator outlet line intersect each other.
As used herein, the term "patient line" refers to a tubing segment that connects the merge point to a patient outlet and is used for infusing the patient with radioactive solution.
As used herein, the term "radioactive saline" refers to the saline solution containing radioactive tracer.
As used herein, the term "controller" refers to a computer or a part thereof programmed to perform certain calculations, execute instructions, and control various activities of an elution system based on user input or automatically.
As used herein, the term "tubing set" refers to a system of conduits that is used for carrying fluid from one point to another. Tubing for use in the tubing set may be formed from any appropriate material, including any disposable material or radiation resistant material.
For example, the tubing may be formed from flexible silicon material.
As used herein, the term "pump" refers to the component that is used to induce transportation of elution medium from a source to the inlet of a generator. Generally, a medical grade peristaltic
3 pump or a syringe pump may be used in order to provide control and precise flow rates from a generator to a patient infusion line.
As used herein, the term "valve" refers to a component that is used to alternatively prevent or permit fluid flow into a portion of the system. Exemplary valves include pinch valves, divergence valves, solenoid valves, stop-cock valves, or any combination thereof.
As used herein, the term "activity detector" refers to a component that is used to determine the amount of radioactivity present in eluate from a generator, e.g., prior to the administration of the eluate to the patient.
As used herein, the term "transit time" refers to the time required for radioactive saline to move from an intravenous access site to a target site within the patient.
As used herein, the term "saline push" refers to the method of flushing the activity of radioisotope remaining in the patient line or the patient vein towards the target organ to quickly deliver the radioisotope to the target site. The "push saline" can be used to describe the pre-measured volume of saline that is delivered as a result of the saline push.
This results in delivery of higher amount of radioactivity to the target site, which in turn leads to enhancement of image quality, high image counts, increase in myocardial uptake factor and improvement of image quality measures such as image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and coefficient of variance (COV). All these factors contribute to improvement of image quality.
As used herein, the terms image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image count, and coefficient of variance (COV) represent measures of image quality.
As used herein, the term "SNR" refers to signal to noise ratio, which is a measure of image quality. SNR can be defined as a ratio of target signal strength to the noise signal strength.
As used herein, the term "CNR" refers to contrast to noise ratio, which is also measure of image quality. CNR can be defined as a difference of target signal strength minus the background signal strength, divided by the noise signal strength.
As used herein, the term "image counts" refers to number of radioisotope disintegrations acquired per unit time by the PET scanner.
As used herein, the term "valve" refers to a component that is used to alternatively prevent or permit fluid flow into a portion of the system. Exemplary valves include pinch valves, divergence valves, solenoid valves, stop-cock valves, or any combination thereof.
As used herein, the term "activity detector" refers to a component that is used to determine the amount of radioactivity present in eluate from a generator, e.g., prior to the administration of the eluate to the patient.
As used herein, the term "transit time" refers to the time required for radioactive saline to move from an intravenous access site to a target site within the patient.
As used herein, the term "saline push" refers to the method of flushing the activity of radioisotope remaining in the patient line or the patient vein towards the target organ to quickly deliver the radioisotope to the target site. The "push saline" can be used to describe the pre-measured volume of saline that is delivered as a result of the saline push.
This results in delivery of higher amount of radioactivity to the target site, which in turn leads to enhancement of image quality, high image counts, increase in myocardial uptake factor and improvement of image quality measures such as image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and coefficient of variance (COV). All these factors contribute to improvement of image quality.
As used herein, the terms image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image count, and coefficient of variance (COV) represent measures of image quality.
As used herein, the term "SNR" refers to signal to noise ratio, which is a measure of image quality. SNR can be defined as a ratio of target signal strength to the noise signal strength.
As used herein, the term "CNR" refers to contrast to noise ratio, which is also measure of image quality. CNR can be defined as a difference of target signal strength minus the background signal strength, divided by the noise signal strength.
As used herein, the term "image counts" refers to number of radioisotope disintegrations acquired per unit time by the PET scanner.
4 As used herein, the term "COV" refers to coefficient of variance, which is a measure of background noise signal to define image quality. The value of calculated COV
is used for calculation of SNR and CNR.
The present disclosure provides methods that result in significantly improved image quality during radio-diagnosis procedures.
Disclosed herein are methods for infusing a radioisotope to a subject using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate.
Also disclosed are methods for obtaining a diagnostic image of a subject's heart using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate, and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
Unless specified otherwise, the following description pertains any of the methods disclosed herein.
The second flow rate may be lower than, equal to, or greater than the first flow rate. In certain embodiments, the second flow rate is equal to or higher than the first flow rate. In particular instances, the second flow rate is higher than the first flow rate.
The pre-measured volume of saline that is delivered through the infusion line and to the peripheral vein of the subject may be referred to as "push saline". It may be so termed because it functions to push the radioisotope that has been eluted from the generator and any residual amount of radioisotope within the elution system tubing set to the subject's heart. The volume of saline containing the diagnostic dosage of radioisotope may be about 2 mL to about 40 mL. For example, the volume of saline containing the diagnostic dosage of radioisotope may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, or 40 mL.
If the pre-measured volume is not delivered in a single bolus, then it may be delivered in two or more separate increments. Each increment preferably contains an equal fraction of the pre-measured volume.
For example, if the push saline is delivered in two increments, then each increment preferably contains 50% of the pre-measured volume, and if the push saline is delivered in three increments, then each increment preferably contains about 33.3% of the premeasured volume, and the like.
The second flow rate (the rate at which at least one increment of the pre-measured volume of push saline is delivered) may be from about 10 mL/min to about 300 mL/min. For example, the second flow rate may be about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 250, 260, 280, or 300 mL/min. If the push saline is delivered in more than one increment, each increment may be delivered at a discrete flow rate, such that respective increments are delivered at the same or different flow rates. For example, if the push saline is delivered in two increments, the first and second increments may respectively be delivered at the same flow rate or at a different flow rate.
In some embodiments, the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to about 40 mL, and the second flow rate is from about 10 mL/min to 300 mL/min.
In certain embodiments, the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to 40 mL, and the saline is delivered from the bypass line starting immediately after elution of the radioisotope from the generator, and continuing over a period of about 0.4 seconds to 4 min following infusion of the radioactive saline. For example, the delivery of the push saline may continue for about 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, 2 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 3 minutes, 3.5 minutes, or 4 minutes following infusion of the radioactive saline.
As noted above, the present methods yield a significant improvement in image quality when used pursuant to a radio-diagnosis procedure. For example, the present methods involving the delivery of the push saline as described herein can result in an improvement by about or at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50% in the quality of a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
The methods disclosed herein may result in a higher number of image counts with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the number of image counts for diagnostic images that are obtained pursuant to the present methods may be improved by a factor of at least 1.5 times compared to the number of image counts for diagnostic images that are obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. Such improvement may be by a factor of about 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, or more.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an increase in image signal to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the image signal to noise ratio with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may increase by about 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an increase in image contrast to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the image contrast to noise ratio with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may increase by about 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an improvement in image background noise by at least 10% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the improvement in image background noise with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may be about 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion. Another way to express "improvement" in background noise by at least 10% is to say that background noise is "reduced" by at least 10%.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an improvement in coefficient of variance by at least 10% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the improvement in coefficient of variance with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may be about 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
Another way to express "improvement" in coefficient of variance by at least 10% is to say that coefficient of variance is "reduced" by at least 10%.
Also provided are diagnostic images that are produced according to any of the methods described herein.
The methods disclosed herein may result in a decrease in venous return transit-time in the subject, as compared to conventional methods in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the venous transit time may decrease by about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60% relative to the venous transit time that occurs pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following radioisotope elution.
In another aspect, the present methods produce an improvement in image quality by reducing the required dose of radioactive material in comparison to a diagnostic procedure where no saline flush is used.
In accordance with the present methods, the controller may deliver the push saline from a bypass line that can be placed in fluid communication with the infusion line via a valve, to the infusion line. As noted below, any suitable valve may be used for this purpose, and in some =
embodiments, the valve for placing the bypass line into fluid communication with the infusion line may be a pinch valve.
In certain embodiments, the system further comprises a valve assembly that includes at least one valve for diverting fluid among different components of the system, such as among different tubing segments of the system. The valve assembly may include any type or types of valves that that are suitable for liquid valve systems, such as one or more pinch valves, diverter valves, stop cocks, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the constant activity flow is controlled using one or more pinch valves. For example, the opening of the bypass line in order to allow the push saline from the bypass line to the infusion line may be effected by use of one or more pinch valves. Control of the valve assembly, such as the opening and closing of valves, may be via the controller.
The radioisotope that is used in accordance with the present methods has a half-life of from about seconds to 10 hours. The radioisotope may be, for example, 82Rb, 150, 13N, 11ยจ, or 18F, although any suitable PET radiotracer may be used.
The diagnostic dose of the radioisotope within the radioactive saline may be at least 5 mCi.
The pump that is used in the present methods may be a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a medical grade pump, or any combination thereof.
The push saline may be delivered using a process that is manual, automated, semi-automated, or any combination thereof.
The system may further include an activity detector that is downstream from the generator for measuring radioactivity within a fluid that is downstream from the generator, e.g., that is eluted from the generator. When the system includes an activity detector, the activity detector may be a beta detector, gamma detector, photomultiplier tube, silicon photomultiplier, positron detector, or may represent any combination thereof.
Also disclosed herein are diagnostic images of a subject's heart that are obtained using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, wherein the image is obtained by infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line , -into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent. The characteristics of the steps of infusing saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope and using the controller and pump to deliver the pre-measured volume of push saline may be in accordance with any of the characteristics described above in accordance with the presently disclosed methods.
The step of obtaining the diagnostic image using the radioisotope as an imaging agent may be in accordance with conventional processes. For example, the diagnostic image by be obtained using conventional steps associated with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or with planar Gamma Camera (GC) imaging.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional radioisotope elution system used for myocardial perfusion imaging. The elution system comprises a reservoir for elution medium, a pump, and a radioisotope generator. In operation, the pump causes the saline solution to flow from the reservoir and through the generator to elute the radioisotope. The active saline eluted from the generator is then supplied to a patient via a patient line through patient outlet. Although conventional systems may include a bypass line, the bypass line in such systems are used (1) to enable the constant-elution activity mode by feedback control of the saline through the generator, or (2) to flush radioisotope out of the elution system tubing set after the desired dose of radioisotope has been measured by the onboard detector. These uses are distinguishable from the presently disclosed methods, pursuant to which the push saline is delivered from the bypass line immediately after the conventional elution in order to shorten transit time to the patient.
While this invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure, which describes the current best mode for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations would present themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope, and spirit of this invention.
is used for calculation of SNR and CNR.
The present disclosure provides methods that result in significantly improved image quality during radio-diagnosis procedures.
Disclosed herein are methods for infusing a radioisotope to a subject using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate.
Also disclosed are methods for obtaining a diagnostic image of a subject's heart using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate, and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
Unless specified otherwise, the following description pertains any of the methods disclosed herein.
The second flow rate may be lower than, equal to, or greater than the first flow rate. In certain embodiments, the second flow rate is equal to or higher than the first flow rate. In particular instances, the second flow rate is higher than the first flow rate.
The pre-measured volume of saline that is delivered through the infusion line and to the peripheral vein of the subject may be referred to as "push saline". It may be so termed because it functions to push the radioisotope that has been eluted from the generator and any residual amount of radioisotope within the elution system tubing set to the subject's heart. The volume of saline containing the diagnostic dosage of radioisotope may be about 2 mL to about 40 mL. For example, the volume of saline containing the diagnostic dosage of radioisotope may be about 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, or 40 mL.
If the pre-measured volume is not delivered in a single bolus, then it may be delivered in two or more separate increments. Each increment preferably contains an equal fraction of the pre-measured volume.
For example, if the push saline is delivered in two increments, then each increment preferably contains 50% of the pre-measured volume, and if the push saline is delivered in three increments, then each increment preferably contains about 33.3% of the premeasured volume, and the like.
The second flow rate (the rate at which at least one increment of the pre-measured volume of push saline is delivered) may be from about 10 mL/min to about 300 mL/min. For example, the second flow rate may be about 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 140, 150, 160, 180, 200, 220, 240, 250, 260, 280, or 300 mL/min. If the push saline is delivered in more than one increment, each increment may be delivered at a discrete flow rate, such that respective increments are delivered at the same or different flow rates. For example, if the push saline is delivered in two increments, the first and second increments may respectively be delivered at the same flow rate or at a different flow rate.
In some embodiments, the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to about 40 mL, and the second flow rate is from about 10 mL/min to 300 mL/min.
In certain embodiments, the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to 40 mL, and the saline is delivered from the bypass line starting immediately after elution of the radioisotope from the generator, and continuing over a period of about 0.4 seconds to 4 min following infusion of the radioactive saline. For example, the delivery of the push saline may continue for about 0.5 seconds, 1 second, 3 seconds, 5 seconds, 10 seconds, 20 seconds, 30 seconds, 45 seconds, 1 minute, 1.5 minutes, 2 minutes, 2.5 minutes, 3 minutes, 3.5 minutes, or 4 minutes following infusion of the radioactive saline.
As noted above, the present methods yield a significant improvement in image quality when used pursuant to a radio-diagnosis procedure. For example, the present methods involving the delivery of the push saline as described herein can result in an improvement by about or at least 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50% in the quality of a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
The methods disclosed herein may result in a higher number of image counts with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the number of image counts for diagnostic images that are obtained pursuant to the present methods may be improved by a factor of at least 1.5 times compared to the number of image counts for diagnostic images that are obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. Such improvement may be by a factor of about 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, or more.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an increase in image signal to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the image signal to noise ratio with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may increase by about 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an increase in image contrast to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the image contrast to noise ratio with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may increase by about 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an improvement in image background noise by at least 10% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the improvement in image background noise with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may be about 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion. Another way to express "improvement" in background noise by at least 10% is to say that background noise is "reduced" by at least 10%.
The methods disclosed herein may result in an improvement in coefficient of variance by at least 10% with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the improvement in coefficient of variance with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained pursuant to the present methods may be about 10, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 68, or 70% as compared with an image that is obtained pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following infusion.
Another way to express "improvement" in coefficient of variance by at least 10% is to say that coefficient of variance is "reduced" by at least 10%.
Also provided are diagnostic images that are produced according to any of the methods described herein.
The methods disclosed herein may result in a decrease in venous return transit-time in the subject, as compared to conventional methods in which push saline is not delivered. For example, the venous transit time may decrease by about 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, or 60% relative to the venous transit time that occurs pursuant to a conventional method in which push saline is not delivered following radioisotope elution.
In another aspect, the present methods produce an improvement in image quality by reducing the required dose of radioactive material in comparison to a diagnostic procedure where no saline flush is used.
In accordance with the present methods, the controller may deliver the push saline from a bypass line that can be placed in fluid communication with the infusion line via a valve, to the infusion line. As noted below, any suitable valve may be used for this purpose, and in some =
embodiments, the valve for placing the bypass line into fluid communication with the infusion line may be a pinch valve.
In certain embodiments, the system further comprises a valve assembly that includes at least one valve for diverting fluid among different components of the system, such as among different tubing segments of the system. The valve assembly may include any type or types of valves that that are suitable for liquid valve systems, such as one or more pinch valves, diverter valves, stop cocks, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the constant activity flow is controlled using one or more pinch valves. For example, the opening of the bypass line in order to allow the push saline from the bypass line to the infusion line may be effected by use of one or more pinch valves. Control of the valve assembly, such as the opening and closing of valves, may be via the controller.
The radioisotope that is used in accordance with the present methods has a half-life of from about seconds to 10 hours. The radioisotope may be, for example, 82Rb, 150, 13N, 11ยจ, or 18F, although any suitable PET radiotracer may be used.
The diagnostic dose of the radioisotope within the radioactive saline may be at least 5 mCi.
The pump that is used in the present methods may be a peristaltic pump, a syringe pump, a medical grade pump, or any combination thereof.
The push saline may be delivered using a process that is manual, automated, semi-automated, or any combination thereof.
The system may further include an activity detector that is downstream from the generator for measuring radioactivity within a fluid that is downstream from the generator, e.g., that is eluted from the generator. When the system includes an activity detector, the activity detector may be a beta detector, gamma detector, photomultiplier tube, silicon photomultiplier, positron detector, or may represent any combination thereof.
Also disclosed herein are diagnostic images of a subject's heart that are obtained using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, wherein the image is obtained by infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line , -into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent. The characteristics of the steps of infusing saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope and using the controller and pump to deliver the pre-measured volume of push saline may be in accordance with any of the characteristics described above in accordance with the presently disclosed methods.
The step of obtaining the diagnostic image using the radioisotope as an imaging agent may be in accordance with conventional processes. For example, the diagnostic image by be obtained using conventional steps associated with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) or with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) or with planar Gamma Camera (GC) imaging.
FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional radioisotope elution system used for myocardial perfusion imaging. The elution system comprises a reservoir for elution medium, a pump, and a radioisotope generator. In operation, the pump causes the saline solution to flow from the reservoir and through the generator to elute the radioisotope. The active saline eluted from the generator is then supplied to a patient via a patient line through patient outlet. Although conventional systems may include a bypass line, the bypass line in such systems are used (1) to enable the constant-elution activity mode by feedback control of the saline through the generator, or (2) to flush radioisotope out of the elution system tubing set after the desired dose of radioisotope has been measured by the onboard detector. These uses are distinguishable from the presently disclosed methods, pursuant to which the push saline is delivered from the bypass line immediately after the conventional elution in order to shorten transit time to the patient.
While this invention has been described in detail with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to those precise embodiments. Rather, in view of the present disclosure, which describes the current best mode for practicing the invention, many modifications and variations would present themselves to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope, and spirit of this invention.
Claims (24)
1. A method for infusing a radioisotope to a subject using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising:
infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate.
infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate; and, using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the second flow rate is equal to or higher than the first flow rate.
3. The method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the volume of the saline containing the diagnostic dose of radioisotope is about 2 mL to about 40 mL.
4. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the second flow rate is from about 10 mL/min to about 300 mL/min.
5. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to about 40 mL, and the second flow rate is from about 10 mL/min to 300 mL/min.
6. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the volume of push saline that is delivered from the bypass line is about 2 mL to 40 mL, and wherein the saline is delivered from the bypass line starting immediately following the infusion of the radioactive saline and continuing for about 1 min.
7. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in improvement by a factor of at least 1.5 in the number of image counts obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
8. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in a higher quality diagnostic image of the subject with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
9. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an increase in image signal to noise ratio of at least 20%
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
10. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an improvement in image background noise by at least 10%
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
11. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an improvement in coefficient of variance by at least 10%
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
12. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in a decrease in venous return transit-time in said subject, as compared to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
13. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the controller delivers the push saline from a bypass line that can be placed in fluid communication with the infusion line via a valve, to the infusion line.
14. The method according to any preceding claim, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an increase in image contrast to noise ratio of at least 20%
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
with respect to a diagnostic image of the subject that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
15. A method for obtaining a diagnostic image of a subject's heart using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, the method comprising:
infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate;
using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate;
using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining a diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in improvement by a factor of at least 1.5 in the number of image counts obtained, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
17. The method according to claim 15 or claim 16, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in a higher quality of the diagnostic image of the subject's heart that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an increase in image signal to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to the diagnostic image of the subject's heart that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
19. The method according to any one of claims 15-18, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an increase in image contrast to noise ratio of at least 20% with respect to the diagnostic image of the subject's heart that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
20. The method according to any one of claims 15-19, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an improvement in image background noise by at least 10% with respect to the diagnostic image of the subject's heart that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
21. The method according to any one of claims 15-20, wherein the delivery of the push saline results in an improvement in coefficient of variance by at least 10% with respect to the diagnostic image of the subject's heart that is obtained following the step of delivering the push saline, as compared to a diagnostic image that is obtained pursuant to a method in which push saline is not delivered.
22. The method according to any one of claims 15-21, wherein the controller delivers the push saline from a bypass line that can be placed in fluid communication with the infusion line via a valve, to the infusion line.
23. A diagnostic image of a subject's heart that is obtained according to the method of any one of claims 15-22.
24. A diagnostic image of a subject's heart that is obtained using a system that includes a controller, an infusion line for delivering fluid under control of the controller, and a pump that is communicatively coupled to the controller, wherein the image is obtained by infusing a volume of saline containing a diagnostic dose of the radioisotope from the infusion line into a peripheral vein of the subject at a first flow rate;
using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
using the controller and pump to deliver a pre-measured volume of push saline in one or more increments through the infusion line, and to the peripheral vein at a second flow rate; and, obtaining the diagnostic image of the subject's heart using the radioisotope as an imaging agent.
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| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20220929 |
|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20220929 |
|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20220929 |