CA2984089A1 - External tackle system of mast capable of turning - Google Patents
External tackle system of mast capable of turningInfo
- Publication number
- CA2984089A1 CA2984089A1 CA2984089A CA2984089A CA2984089A1 CA 2984089 A1 CA2984089 A1 CA 2984089A1 CA 2984089 A CA2984089 A CA 2984089A CA 2984089 A CA2984089 A CA 2984089A CA 2984089 A1 CA2984089 A1 CA 2984089A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- tackle
- orbit
- equalizing
- distance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000545744 Hirudinea Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
- B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
- B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
- B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
- B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
- B63B15/02—Staying of masts or of other superstructures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B15/00—Superstructures, deckhouses, wheelhouses or the like; Arrangements or adaptations of masts or spars, e.g. bowsprits
- B63B2015/0016—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction
- B63B2015/005—Masts characterized by mast configuration or construction with means for varying mast position or orientation with respect to the hull
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a mast, mounted on board with bearing, fixed to the board by a tackle system, consisting of shrouds led at one or more level from the surface of the mast, fixed through rollers or similar connecting parts running on formable elements fasted on more than one point of the mast surface at the same or nearly same horizontal level, or on runner moving on elliptic rigid orbit, then (the shroud) led through spreader construction keeping distance from the mast, to the board or other stabile place of the sailing vessel, where the spreader construction is built of more than one rod, mounted with swivels in certain distance from each other on or near the surface of the mast, and are connected again by swivels by bar or similar rigid construction with the same or similar length as the distance of the rods connection on the mast surface, and the shroud is lent to and through this coupling bar, the overall stabilizing system enabling the mast to turn along its vertical axis.
Description
External tackle system of mast capable of turning The invention relates to a mast, mounted on board with bearing, fixed to the board by a tackle system, consisting of shrouds led at one or more level from the surface of the mast, fixed through rollers or similar connecting parts running on formable elements fasted on more than one point of the mast surface at the same or nearly same horizontal level, or on runner moving on elliptic rigid orbit, then (the shroud) led through spreader construction keeping distance from the mast, to the board or other stabile place of the sailing vessel, where the spreader construction is built of more than one rod, mounted with swivels in certain distance from each other on or near the surface of the mast, and are connected again by swivels by bar or similar rigid construction with the same or similar length as the distance of the rods connection on the mast surface, and the shroud is lent to and through this coupling bar, the overall stabilizing system enabling the mast to turn along its vertical axis.
Patent claims:
1/ The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation on sailing boats, which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements constructed on the superficies of the mast, characterized as follows:
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull (2), on the superficies of the mast (3), symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points (Al, A2) are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3). To each pivoting point (Al, A2) one endpoint of at least one spreader element (25) is connected, and pivoting points (01, 02) are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements (25). To the pivoting points (01, 02) at the endpoints of the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of the mast (3) at least one end of the one connecting element (27) is connected. On the connecting element(s) (27) a connection point (MP) is made on one hand, on the mast (3), above the plane of the pivoting points (Al, A2) on the superficies of the mast (3), if appropriate in the surroundings of the mast (3) head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element (12) fixed to the hull (2),
Patent claims:
1/ The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation on sailing boats, which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements constructed on the superficies of the mast, characterized as follows:
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull (2), on the superficies of the mast (3), symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points (Al, A2) are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3). To each pivoting point (Al, A2) one endpoint of at least one spreader element (25) is connected, and pivoting points (01, 02) are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements (25). To the pivoting points (01, 02) at the endpoints of the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of the mast (3) at least one end of the one connecting element (27) is connected. On the connecting element(s) (27) a connection point (MP) is made on one hand, on the mast (3), above the plane of the pivoting points (Al, A2) on the superficies of the mast (3), if appropriate in the surroundings of the mast (3) head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element (12) fixed to the hull (2),
2/ The tackle system according to claim 1, characterized as follows: the distance of the pivoting points (A1-01, A2-02) is the same in all spreader elements (25) connecting to the pivoting points (Al, A2) being in the same plane on the superficies of the mast (3).
3/ The tackle system according to point 1 or 2, characterized as follows:the ratio of the distance (tm1, tm2) measured from the pivoting points (01, 02) at the endpoints of the connecting element (27) of the connection point (MP) constructed on the tackle element (12) part of the connecting element (27) equals to the ratio of the pivoting points (Al, A2) being on the same side of the mast (3), namely to the ratio of the distance (ta1, ta2) measured from the common plane (KS) of the fixing point of the tackle element (12) on the hull (2) and of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3).
4/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as follows:the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points (Al, A2) being on the same side of mast (3) and the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points (01, 02) at the ends of the connecting element (27) is equal and the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of mast (3) are parallel or intersect each other.
5/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as follows:the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points (01, 02) being at the ends of the connecting element (27) is shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points (Al, A2) on the same side of mast (3).
6/ The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation in sailing boats which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull, characterized as follows: the tackle element (12, 16) is connected to the mast (3) through an equalizing unit (13, 17) that balances the increase of the distance between the connection point of the two endpoints of the tackle element (12, 16) when the mast is turning (3).
7/ The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: the equalizing unit (13, 17, 29, 35) consists of an equalizing orbit (18, 30, 36) fixed to the side of the mast (3) and of an orbit tracker element (20, 31, 37) moving on it, carrying or guiding the tackle element (12, 16).
8/ The tackle system according to the claim 6 or 7, characterized as follows:
the equalizing orbit (30) is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and it is in the plane (KS) defined by the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (31) contains an element (32) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) and a guiding element (34) providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element (12).
the equalizing orbit (30) is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and it is in the plane (KS) defined by the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (31) contains an element (32) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) and a guiding element (34) providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element (12).
9/ The tackle system according to any of the claims 6-8, characterized as follows:
the element (32) of the orbit tracker element (31) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft (33) and the tackle element (12) is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft (33) functioning as a guiding element (34).
the element (32) of the orbit tracker element (31) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft (33) and the tackle element (12) is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft (33) functioning as a guiding element (34).
10/ The tackle system according to claim 6 or 7,characterized as follows: the equalizing orbit (18) is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast (3) on the points (P1, P2) being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (20) consists of a rope pulley (22) relying on the equalizing orbit (18) from above and of a suspending element (23), holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit (18), and the endpoint of the tackle element (12) is fixed to the suspending element (23).
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast (3) on the points (P1, P2) being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (20) consists of a rope pulley (22) relying on the equalizing orbit (18) from above and of a suspending element (23), holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit (18), and the endpoint of the tackle element (12) is fixed to the suspending element (23).
11/ The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: as an equalizing unit, one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is fixed on the superficies of the mast (3) at the points (P1, P2) being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2) to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker shorter than the distance between the fixing points (P1, P2) on the mast (3) are fixed and the top end of the tackle element (12) is connected to the center of the rocker.
External tackle system of mast capable of turning The invention affects the external tackle system of mast capable of turning that basically contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements mounted on the superficies of the mast.
As it is known the mast of the sailing boats generates force, resistance of opposite direction to the progress of the vessel, and at the same time worsens the vessel's stability by the load which is highly situated relative to the tackle axis of it. For this reason, it is a general intention to build the mast with the smallest possible cross-section and wieght. Due to the low rigidity resulting from the small cross-section, the higher masts are fixed to the surface of the vessel (deck) with tackle elements (rope, wire or bar, in technical terms "vanten", "stay" and "shroud") mounted on their superficies preventing them from buckling. In case of smaller masts, there is a tackle element only at the head, while in case of higher masts there is also a tackle element mounted lower from the head on one or more levels. The greater the constituent - preventing the buckling - of the tension of tackle elements perpendicular to the axis of the mast, the greater the angle between the axis of the mast and the tackle elements, therefore the tackle elements are guided through the external end of the spreader elements (in technical terms: "spreader") mounted on the superficies of the mast at one or more points per side.
The sail connects to mast by its entering edge and it is fixed in a way that it can turn over the current downwind side of the mast. By this the vessel is not only capable of going in the same direction as the movement of the air (wind) but also at angle to it - in the widest range of angles. According to the currently known solutions, the sail can effectively drive the vessel in 20-30 degrees relative to the wind direction. When there is a relatively acute angle between the string of the sail and the wind direction, the sail does not use the (ram) pressure generated on the surface of the sail but it uses the lift force generated at its curved arch, created by the difference between speed of the down-flowing air windward ("luff") and leeward ("lee"). The magnitude of the lift basically depends on the shape of the sail arch.
According to the aerodynamics, the larger proportion of the lift is created by the turbulence-free downflow air on the leeward side. At the points where the mast and the sail are fixed to each other in a longer line (so called mainsail), they act like a joint surface from the point of view of the passing air. It is easy to understand that the mast is a disturbing factor in this ensemble, regarding that the air circulating alongside the mast breaks the consistency of the surface on the leeward side relative to the sail fixed on the back surface or edge of the mast corresponding to the course, and there by generating turbulence, breaking the continuous down-flowing of air producing the effective lift, decreases significantly the suction effect giving the major part of the lift.
According to experiments, on one hand the lift generated on the sail increases by half in case if in the connection line of the mast and the sail the curve of the down-flowing air does not break, on the other hand in this case the impact line of the lift points about 3-6%
closer to the desired direction.
Therefore the highest efficiency of the mast-sail system can be obtained with a mast the surface of which fits well to both sides of the protuberant sail. The experts have earlier realized that if the cross-section of the mast is - the most advantageous from the point of view of fluid mechanics - drop shaped, to the edge of which the sail is fixed, the break-free transition of their joint down-flowing air surface can be assured. However, for this the mast must also turn following the sail. Since according to the currently generally applied solutions, the tackle elements and the spreader elements are connected to the superficies of the mast with one or more rigid fixation keeping their position, this impedes the mast from turning along its axis of rotation. The solution of the problem was attempted in various ways.
The most simple is the solution based on the description of the patent no. US -6.817.308:
which can only be applied in case of smaller vessels and shorter masts.
According to this the mast is not supported by external tackle elements so it can be freely turned.
Another principle is demonstrated by the solutions where there are external tackle elements but these are not tied up to the hull but to the mast base or to an element fixed to it, so the mast, the spreader elements and the tackle elements are turning as one single unit. In the solution presented by the description of the patent no. DE-101.44.113. the tackle elements are tied up to the mast base, and in case of the mast shown in the description of patent no. US - 6.575.107. to the disc fixed in the mast base.
In case of the solution according to the description of the patent no. US - 2003/0.167.995.
on the fixed mast of cylindrical cross-section the tackle elements, the spreader elements and the boom similar to that of the surfs are fixed on a turnable sleeve, and tackle elements are also tied up to the boom. In case of the sailing boats no EP - 0.015.489 or JP -20.68.290 horizontal arms or a platform is fixed in the turnable mast base, these are guided on the ring shaped line being on the deck. The tackle elements are connected to the end of the arms, respectively to the flange of the discs.
In case of the sailing boat described in the patent CA - 2.316.030. the spreader elements are rotatably embedded on a vertical stud fixed in the longitudinal axis of the vessel. In the same way, the tackle elements are also fixed on the front edge of the mast.
The axis of the turnable mast is aligned with the stud carrying the spreader elements, so the rotation of the mast does not change the situation of the spreader elements.
At the solution presented by the patent no. FR - 2.516.045. the mast consists of two elements, it has a cylindrical core and a streamlined mantle around it, and only the mantle rotates, the cylindrical core is rigidly fixed to the hull. The spreader elements are fixed on the cylindrical core, at their fixing the mantle left out. The mast according to the patent no.
EP - 0.319.591 also consists of two - parallel - elements. The front element of sickle cross-section is fixed to the hull, the convex part is the entering curve of the streamline profile.
The back element is cylindrical, blends into the sickle shaped section, and this is turnable.
The edge of the sail is guided into the rail formed on this, or it is fixed to a textile sleeve imitating the outlet curve of the streamline profile surrounding the cylindrical part.
The most favorable is the solution described in the patent no. US - 4.230.060.
where a flat, ring shaped line is fixed to the turnable mast in the plane of the spreader elements, with which a "C" shaped yoke surrounding it is guided. The spreader elements are fixed to this from both sides. The yoke can turn around the mast, and this way when the mast turns, the yoke keeps its original position with the spreader elements. The yoke is leaning on the rings with grooved rollers with an axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring, in a way that their part of smaller diameter provides the guiding of the yoke in radial direction, and their parts of greater diameter provide the vertical guiding of it. The superior end of the tackle elements is also connected to the corresponding yoke.
As it can be seen from the presentation, in case of the sailing boat, there have been several different solutions for making the mast turnable - with different results. The first solution can only be applied for very small vessels, in case of higher masts, the support provided by a spreader element is indispensable. The other three solutions only protect the mast from bending or breaking in case of overloading but these do not protect against falling out, and do not releases the mast base. The following two solutions may provide appropriate tackle for the mast but the integration of the ring shaped line and the arms rotating on it or the platform is on one hand very space consuming, on the other hand it requires the special construction of the deck. The solution shown in the Canadian patent is usually implemented in two versions. In one version, the axis of rotation is always situated in front of the mast, in this case the mast actually does not turn, but it swings around the axis of rotation which raises other problems of statics. In the other version, the mast is tilted, the axis of rotation pierces through it still at the base, and at the spreader it is already situated outside it, and at the head of it, due to the distance, the rigging must be fixed to a separate console. The eighth and ninth solutions do not actually provide the rotation of the mast but only parts of it, so in the area where the whole mast must be turned, these two solutions cannot be applied. In the solution mention as the last one, these defects are eliminated but as the spreaders and the yoke are constructed as a rigid unit, such forces are impressing the yoke that makes difficult its movement.
Thus the aim of the invention is to construct a system which can provide that the turnable mast shall be able to turn around the axis of rotation inside the body of the mast but during the rotation the brace ragging guided by the spreader elements can still assure the tackle of the mast against bending or falling out by means that the spreader elements keep in an unchanged position the connection point of the tackle element connecting to them despite of the turning of the mast.
It is also the task of the invention to solve that the inclined tackle elements connected to the mast shall not impede the rotation of the mast when the mast turns and as a result of the forward or back movement of their connection point the distance between their two connection point changes.
The invention is based on the following basic findings.
From the point of view of the function of the spreader element, it has no importance if it is actually in the axis of the pressure exerted by the tackle element on the superficies of the mast. The spreader element being in the axis of pressure can be replaced by applying a geometric profile (square) the axis of which, conceived 'inside the profile, keeps the permanent distance between the axis of rotation of the mast and the connection point of the tackle element, and connects the fixing points applied on the mast, moreover the endpoints of the connection element applied at the connection point of the tackle element with elements of due stability.
There are no obstacles to fix the spreader structure forming the geometric profile on the superficies of the mast in a way that the elements of spreader structure shall be able to turn. The connection point of the tackle element cannot move forward or back in the horizontal direction as it can only occur in case of the stretching of the tackle element but the tackle element is elaborated of low stretching material by definition.
According to a further finding, based on the length of the tackle element and the angle of rotation of the mast, at the rotation of the mast, the orbit described by each points of the tackle element can be defined. This orbit can be modeled by an equalizing structure in a way that the changing of the distance between the two connection points of the tackle element could be corrected with this. There are several possibilities for the construction of the equalizing structure.
If we create an equalizing orbit of elliptic arc on the superficies of the mast, which supports - suitably with a connection permitting an easy roll - the appropriate point of the tackle element, then the tackle element will be able to keep its position without dimensional changes.
The equalizing orbit can also be constructed in a way that the two endpoints of a connecting element capable of changing its shape ("bridle") are fixed in two points on the superficies of the mast, and the end of the tackle element is connected to this connecting element bended in V shape in a way that will be able to move on it. The previously mentioned set-up can be constructed in a way that the former connecting element bended in V shape is cut at the top of the V-shape and between the two endpoints a rocker is inserted into the center of which the endpoint of the tackle element is connected.
So the invention affects the external tackle system of the mast capable of turning, applied for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements mounted on the superficies of the mast. According to the invention, regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull, on the superficies of the mast, symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the mast. To each pivoting point one endpoint of at least one spreader element is connected, and pivoting points are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements. To the pivoting points at the endpoints of the spreader elements being on the same side of the mast at least one end of the one connecting element is connected. On the connecting element(s) a connection point is made on one hand, on the mast, above the plane of the pivoting points on the superficies of the mast, if appropriate in the surroundings of the mas head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element fixed to the hull.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance of the pivoting points is the same on all of the spreader elements connecting to the pivoting points being on the same plane on the superficies of the mast.
The other advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention is constructed in a way that the ratio of the distance measured from the pivoting point at the endpoints of the connecting element of the connection point constructed on the tackle element part of the connecting element equals to the ratio of the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast, namely to the ratio of the distance measured from the common plane of the fixing point of the tackle element on the hull and of the axis of rotation of the mast.
In the third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast and distance between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting element are equal, and the spreader elements being on the same side of the mast are parallel or intersect with each other.
Finally, in one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting element is shorter than the distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast.
A second invention affects also the external tackle system of the mast capable of turning, applied for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull.
According to the invention, the tackle element is connected to the mast through a unit equalizing the increase of the distance between the connection points of the two endpoints of the tackle element when the mast is turning.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention, the equalizing unit consists of an equalizing orbit fixed on the side of the mast and of an orbit tracker element carrying or guiding the tackle element and moving on this equalizing orbit.
Further advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention is where the equalizing orbit is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation of the mast and it is in the plane defined by the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit tracker element contains an element moving along the equalizing orbit and a guiding element providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element.
The third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention is constructed in a way that the element of the orbit tracker element moving along the equalizing orbit is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft and the tackle element is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft functioning as a guiding element.
In the fourth advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention, the equalizing orbit is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast on the points beingon the two sides of the common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast and of the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit tracker element consists of a rope pulley relying on the equalizing orbit from above and of a suspending element, holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit, and the endpoint of the tackle element is fixed to the suspending element.
Finally, another advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention is where one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is fixed on thesuperficies of the mast at the points being on the two sides of the common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast and of the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker shorter than the distance between the fixing points on the mast are fixed and the top end of the tackle element is connected to the center of the rocker.
The invention is presented in detail through some examples of realization with the help of the attached drawings where Figure 1 shows the front view of a sailing boat very schematically, Figure 2 shows the slightly enlarged details of I., II. and III. indicated in Figure 1, partly in cross section, Figure 3 shows the side view of the details illustrated in Figure 2 from direction IV, Figure 4 shows in cross section V. of the detail I. indicated in Figure 2, Figure 5 shows in cross section VI. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 2, Figure 6 shows the front view of one version of equalizing unit according to the invention, and finally Figure 7 shows in cross section VII. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 6.
Turnable mast 3 is mounted on hull 2 of sailing boat 1 shown in Figure 1 - in the general indication. The horizontal cross-section of the mast 3 - in the way illustrated in Figure 5 - is a streamlined profile constructed with cross sections that are aerodynamically advantageous for the needs. The longer axis of this streamlined profile is in the longitudinal axis of hull 2 in the basic position of mast 3 and as appropriate, its convex endpoint is situated in the course of sailing boat 1. The line 4 (groove, rail or similar) necessary for the fixing of the luff is made in the leech of the mast 3, which can be seen in figure 5, too.
The structural design shown in figure 2 and 3 provides the turnability of mast 3. As it can be seen, on the carrying surface 5 - onto the deck or the bilge, suitably on the keel or on the reinforced receiving unit of the keel -, constructed on the hull 2, a journal 6 is fixed the geometric axis of which corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. The mast 3 is fixed on the journal 6 by bearings, this way it can easily turn even under load.
A journal 7 is inserted - with bearings - into the mast 3 head the geometric axis of which also corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. On the top of journal 7, there is a cap 8 fixed on which there are stitches 9. The stitches 9 of the mast cap 3 receive the tackle elements 10, providing forward and back tackle, which are fixed to the front and end part of the hull 2. These assure that the mast cap 3 keep its fixed position relative to hull 2, and this way it is capable of carrying the devices that require fixed position.
The mast 3 is fixed with tackle fittings 11 on the two sides, and it is fixed to the two permanent lateral points of the hull 2 - or of the deck with tackle fittings 15. The tackle elements 10, the tackle fittings 11 and 15 fix the mast 3 against falling out by running outside mast 3, and at the same time they prevent curving (bending) appearing between the superior and inferior endpoints.
The tackle fittings 11 consist of a tackle element 12 and of an equalizing unit 13. The equalizing unit 13 is mounted on the superior end of the mast 3, and the superior end of the tackle element 12 is connected to this. The tackle elements 12 of the tackle fittings 11 are guided through a spreader structure 14 mounted on two sides of the mast 3, functioning as the spreader.
The tackle fittings 15 consist of a tackle element 16 and of an equalizing unit 17. The equalizing unit 17 is mounted on the mast 3 under the spreader structure 14, and the superior end of the tackle element 16 is connected to this.
In this realization, the tackle elements 10, 12 and 16 are uniformly steel wire but synthetic fiber yarn, wire or a material of suitable shaping, that is fine and has appropriate cross section could also be applied, the point is that it shall have the appropriate stability, be resistant to tension, flexible and stretch-free.
The structure and set-up of the elements participating in the tackle of mast 3 can be understood in detail by Figures 2-5. In the figures only the left sides are illustrated in detail, the right sides are the mirror image of these.
As it can be seen, regarding their construction, the equalizing unit 13 and the equalizing unit 17 are identical, so it is enough to describe only one of them. The equalizing unit 13 has two main arts, an equalizing orbit 18 and an orbit tracker element 20 moving on it.
In this case the equalizing orbit 18 is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape, in simple terms a bridle, and in the present case it is a steel wire identical to the material of tackle element 10. The two endpoints of the bridle forming the equalizing orbit 18 are clamped into clams 19 which are fixed to point P1 and P2 of the superficies of mast 3 in a way that the top of the V shape is situated downward from points P1 and P2. Points P1 and P2 are arranged in the form that their tp distance measured from the longitudinal axis of the section of mast 3 is identical and they are situated in a common circle of rp radius around the axis of rotation TA of mast 3.
The orbit tracker element 20 basically consists of a strap-like suspending element 22 and of a rope pulley having bearing 21 in it. The top end of the tackle element 12 is fixed from below to the suspending element 22. The equalizing orbit 18 is guided under the rope pulley 21, this way the orbit tracker element 20 is suspended to the equalizing orbit 18. It should be noted that instead of the rope pulley 21 a slider can also be applied.
In plane of the spreader structure 14, which, in this realization, is perpendicular to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3, Al and A2 pivoting points are made with two stitches 23 fixed on both side of mast 3, on its superficies. Pivoting points Al and A2 is situated at the same tc distance from the longitudinal axis of the section of mast 3.
In both stitches 23 there is one endpoint of the spreader elements 24 having a bearing in turnable manner around stud 25 in a way that their plane of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. Regarding the shape of the spreader elements 24, they are identical to the traditional spreader that is they are long, slim poles of lying streamlined sections. At the other end of the spreader elements 24 01, 02 pivoting points are constructed in which two connecting elements 26 are situated with bearing in a turnable manner around one common stud 27. The connecting elements 26 intercept in pairs the spreader element 24 from under and from the top.
On the connecting elements 26 above each other, on the part of the tackle element 12 a connection point MP is made in which, in this case, a guiding sleeve 28 is inserted. Tackle element 12 is passed through this. Connection point MP is at the same tml, and tm2 distance from the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints of the connecting element 26 as the tal and ta2 distance of the pivoting points Al and A2 at stitches 23 and of that measured from plane KS defined by the axis of rotation TA of mast 3 and by the tackle elements 12. So the ratio of distance tal and ta2 equals to the ratio of distance tml and tm2. The straight line lying in plane KS can be considered as the virtual spreader VS.
The distance between the pivoting points A1-01 and A2-02 being on the spreader elements 24 is identical, and the distance between the pivoting points Al and A2 at the stitches 23 is the same, which distance is the sum of the distances tal and ta2 - distance (tal+ta2), and the distance between the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints of the connecting elements 26, which distance is the sum of distances tml and tm2 --distance (tm1+tm2). This way the spreader elements 24 being on the same side of the mast 3 are parallel to each other, that is the pivoting points Al, A2, 01 and 02 of the spreader structure 14 define a regular parallelogram. Due to the identity between the ratio of distance tal, ta2 and the ratio of distance tml, tm2, the spreader elements 24 are also parallel to the virtual spreader VS.
The equalizing element 13 and the spreader structure 14 presented now work in the following manner.
From the description, it can be easily admitted that the orbit tracker element 20 fixed to the top end of the tackle element 12 can easily move by itself on the V-shaped equalizing orbit 18, the spreader elements 24 can easily turn around the stitches 23, and the connecting elements 26 around the endpoints of the spreader elements 24. Of course, the tackle element 12 is pulled tightly, so when mast 3 stands straight, that is the longitudinal axis of the its section coincides with the longitudinal axis of hull 2, the equalizing orbit 18 takes a symmetric V shape, the orbit tracker element 20 is situated in the lowest point of the equalizing orbit 18, the angles of the parallelogram formed by the spreader elements 24 and the connecting element 26 are right angles.
When turning the mast 3, the following happens.
Depending on the direction of the rotation, one of points P1 and P2 is moving away from the plane defined by the longitudinal axis of hull 2 and the axis of rotation TA of mast 3, and the other point approaching to it. As a result of the loading of the orbit tracker element 20, the equalizing orbit 18 will be symmetric, the changes in length of the two branches of the V shape balance each other, so the orbit tracker element 20 stays in its original spatial position, that is the length of the tackle fittings 11 does not change. The same takes place also in case of the tackle fittings 15.
At the same time the two stitches 23 also turn around the axis of rotation TA
of mast 3 but because the position of guiding sleeve 28 cannot change, corresponding to the rules of geometry, the connecting element 26 turns in the same angle around the tackle element
External tackle system of mast capable of turning The invention affects the external tackle system of mast capable of turning that basically contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements mounted on the superficies of the mast.
As it is known the mast of the sailing boats generates force, resistance of opposite direction to the progress of the vessel, and at the same time worsens the vessel's stability by the load which is highly situated relative to the tackle axis of it. For this reason, it is a general intention to build the mast with the smallest possible cross-section and wieght. Due to the low rigidity resulting from the small cross-section, the higher masts are fixed to the surface of the vessel (deck) with tackle elements (rope, wire or bar, in technical terms "vanten", "stay" and "shroud") mounted on their superficies preventing them from buckling. In case of smaller masts, there is a tackle element only at the head, while in case of higher masts there is also a tackle element mounted lower from the head on one or more levels. The greater the constituent - preventing the buckling - of the tension of tackle elements perpendicular to the axis of the mast, the greater the angle between the axis of the mast and the tackle elements, therefore the tackle elements are guided through the external end of the spreader elements (in technical terms: "spreader") mounted on the superficies of the mast at one or more points per side.
The sail connects to mast by its entering edge and it is fixed in a way that it can turn over the current downwind side of the mast. By this the vessel is not only capable of going in the same direction as the movement of the air (wind) but also at angle to it - in the widest range of angles. According to the currently known solutions, the sail can effectively drive the vessel in 20-30 degrees relative to the wind direction. When there is a relatively acute angle between the string of the sail and the wind direction, the sail does not use the (ram) pressure generated on the surface of the sail but it uses the lift force generated at its curved arch, created by the difference between speed of the down-flowing air windward ("luff") and leeward ("lee"). The magnitude of the lift basically depends on the shape of the sail arch.
According to the aerodynamics, the larger proportion of the lift is created by the turbulence-free downflow air on the leeward side. At the points where the mast and the sail are fixed to each other in a longer line (so called mainsail), they act like a joint surface from the point of view of the passing air. It is easy to understand that the mast is a disturbing factor in this ensemble, regarding that the air circulating alongside the mast breaks the consistency of the surface on the leeward side relative to the sail fixed on the back surface or edge of the mast corresponding to the course, and there by generating turbulence, breaking the continuous down-flowing of air producing the effective lift, decreases significantly the suction effect giving the major part of the lift.
According to experiments, on one hand the lift generated on the sail increases by half in case if in the connection line of the mast and the sail the curve of the down-flowing air does not break, on the other hand in this case the impact line of the lift points about 3-6%
closer to the desired direction.
Therefore the highest efficiency of the mast-sail system can be obtained with a mast the surface of which fits well to both sides of the protuberant sail. The experts have earlier realized that if the cross-section of the mast is - the most advantageous from the point of view of fluid mechanics - drop shaped, to the edge of which the sail is fixed, the break-free transition of their joint down-flowing air surface can be assured. However, for this the mast must also turn following the sail. Since according to the currently generally applied solutions, the tackle elements and the spreader elements are connected to the superficies of the mast with one or more rigid fixation keeping their position, this impedes the mast from turning along its axis of rotation. The solution of the problem was attempted in various ways.
The most simple is the solution based on the description of the patent no. US -6.817.308:
which can only be applied in case of smaller vessels and shorter masts.
According to this the mast is not supported by external tackle elements so it can be freely turned.
Another principle is demonstrated by the solutions where there are external tackle elements but these are not tied up to the hull but to the mast base or to an element fixed to it, so the mast, the spreader elements and the tackle elements are turning as one single unit. In the solution presented by the description of the patent no. DE-101.44.113. the tackle elements are tied up to the mast base, and in case of the mast shown in the description of patent no. US - 6.575.107. to the disc fixed in the mast base.
In case of the solution according to the description of the patent no. US - 2003/0.167.995.
on the fixed mast of cylindrical cross-section the tackle elements, the spreader elements and the boom similar to that of the surfs are fixed on a turnable sleeve, and tackle elements are also tied up to the boom. In case of the sailing boats no EP - 0.015.489 or JP -20.68.290 horizontal arms or a platform is fixed in the turnable mast base, these are guided on the ring shaped line being on the deck. The tackle elements are connected to the end of the arms, respectively to the flange of the discs.
In case of the sailing boat described in the patent CA - 2.316.030. the spreader elements are rotatably embedded on a vertical stud fixed in the longitudinal axis of the vessel. In the same way, the tackle elements are also fixed on the front edge of the mast.
The axis of the turnable mast is aligned with the stud carrying the spreader elements, so the rotation of the mast does not change the situation of the spreader elements.
At the solution presented by the patent no. FR - 2.516.045. the mast consists of two elements, it has a cylindrical core and a streamlined mantle around it, and only the mantle rotates, the cylindrical core is rigidly fixed to the hull. The spreader elements are fixed on the cylindrical core, at their fixing the mantle left out. The mast according to the patent no.
EP - 0.319.591 also consists of two - parallel - elements. The front element of sickle cross-section is fixed to the hull, the convex part is the entering curve of the streamline profile.
The back element is cylindrical, blends into the sickle shaped section, and this is turnable.
The edge of the sail is guided into the rail formed on this, or it is fixed to a textile sleeve imitating the outlet curve of the streamline profile surrounding the cylindrical part.
The most favorable is the solution described in the patent no. US - 4.230.060.
where a flat, ring shaped line is fixed to the turnable mast in the plane of the spreader elements, with which a "C" shaped yoke surrounding it is guided. The spreader elements are fixed to this from both sides. The yoke can turn around the mast, and this way when the mast turns, the yoke keeps its original position with the spreader elements. The yoke is leaning on the rings with grooved rollers with an axis perpendicular to the plane of the ring, in a way that their part of smaller diameter provides the guiding of the yoke in radial direction, and their parts of greater diameter provide the vertical guiding of it. The superior end of the tackle elements is also connected to the corresponding yoke.
As it can be seen from the presentation, in case of the sailing boat, there have been several different solutions for making the mast turnable - with different results. The first solution can only be applied for very small vessels, in case of higher masts, the support provided by a spreader element is indispensable. The other three solutions only protect the mast from bending or breaking in case of overloading but these do not protect against falling out, and do not releases the mast base. The following two solutions may provide appropriate tackle for the mast but the integration of the ring shaped line and the arms rotating on it or the platform is on one hand very space consuming, on the other hand it requires the special construction of the deck. The solution shown in the Canadian patent is usually implemented in two versions. In one version, the axis of rotation is always situated in front of the mast, in this case the mast actually does not turn, but it swings around the axis of rotation which raises other problems of statics. In the other version, the mast is tilted, the axis of rotation pierces through it still at the base, and at the spreader it is already situated outside it, and at the head of it, due to the distance, the rigging must be fixed to a separate console. The eighth and ninth solutions do not actually provide the rotation of the mast but only parts of it, so in the area where the whole mast must be turned, these two solutions cannot be applied. In the solution mention as the last one, these defects are eliminated but as the spreaders and the yoke are constructed as a rigid unit, such forces are impressing the yoke that makes difficult its movement.
Thus the aim of the invention is to construct a system which can provide that the turnable mast shall be able to turn around the axis of rotation inside the body of the mast but during the rotation the brace ragging guided by the spreader elements can still assure the tackle of the mast against bending or falling out by means that the spreader elements keep in an unchanged position the connection point of the tackle element connecting to them despite of the turning of the mast.
It is also the task of the invention to solve that the inclined tackle elements connected to the mast shall not impede the rotation of the mast when the mast turns and as a result of the forward or back movement of their connection point the distance between their two connection point changes.
The invention is based on the following basic findings.
From the point of view of the function of the spreader element, it has no importance if it is actually in the axis of the pressure exerted by the tackle element on the superficies of the mast. The spreader element being in the axis of pressure can be replaced by applying a geometric profile (square) the axis of which, conceived 'inside the profile, keeps the permanent distance between the axis of rotation of the mast and the connection point of the tackle element, and connects the fixing points applied on the mast, moreover the endpoints of the connection element applied at the connection point of the tackle element with elements of due stability.
There are no obstacles to fix the spreader structure forming the geometric profile on the superficies of the mast in a way that the elements of spreader structure shall be able to turn. The connection point of the tackle element cannot move forward or back in the horizontal direction as it can only occur in case of the stretching of the tackle element but the tackle element is elaborated of low stretching material by definition.
According to a further finding, based on the length of the tackle element and the angle of rotation of the mast, at the rotation of the mast, the orbit described by each points of the tackle element can be defined. This orbit can be modeled by an equalizing structure in a way that the changing of the distance between the two connection points of the tackle element could be corrected with this. There are several possibilities for the construction of the equalizing structure.
If we create an equalizing orbit of elliptic arc on the superficies of the mast, which supports - suitably with a connection permitting an easy roll - the appropriate point of the tackle element, then the tackle element will be able to keep its position without dimensional changes.
The equalizing orbit can also be constructed in a way that the two endpoints of a connecting element capable of changing its shape ("bridle") are fixed in two points on the superficies of the mast, and the end of the tackle element is connected to this connecting element bended in V shape in a way that will be able to move on it. The previously mentioned set-up can be constructed in a way that the former connecting element bended in V shape is cut at the top of the V-shape and between the two endpoints a rocker is inserted into the center of which the endpoint of the tackle element is connected.
So the invention affects the external tackle system of the mast capable of turning, applied for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements mounted on the superficies of the mast. According to the invention, regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull, on the superficies of the mast, symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the mast. To each pivoting point one endpoint of at least one spreader element is connected, and pivoting points are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements. To the pivoting points at the endpoints of the spreader elements being on the same side of the mast at least one end of the one connecting element is connected. On the connecting element(s) a connection point is made on one hand, on the mast, above the plane of the pivoting points on the superficies of the mast, if appropriate in the surroundings of the mas head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element fixed to the hull.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance of the pivoting points is the same on all of the spreader elements connecting to the pivoting points being on the same plane on the superficies of the mast.
The other advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention is constructed in a way that the ratio of the distance measured from the pivoting point at the endpoints of the connecting element of the connection point constructed on the tackle element part of the connecting element equals to the ratio of the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast, namely to the ratio of the distance measured from the common plane of the fixing point of the tackle element on the hull and of the axis of rotation of the mast.
In the third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast and distance between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting element are equal, and the spreader elements being on the same side of the mast are parallel or intersect with each other.
Finally, in one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention, the distance between the pivoting points at the endpoints of the connecting element is shorter than the distance between the pivoting points being on the same side of the mast.
A second invention affects also the external tackle system of the mast capable of turning, applied for sailing boats that contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull.
According to the invention, the tackle element is connected to the mast through a unit equalizing the increase of the distance between the connection points of the two endpoints of the tackle element when the mast is turning.
In one advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention, the equalizing unit consists of an equalizing orbit fixed on the side of the mast and of an orbit tracker element carrying or guiding the tackle element and moving on this equalizing orbit.
Further advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the invention is where the equalizing orbit is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation of the mast and it is in the plane defined by the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit tracker element contains an element moving along the equalizing orbit and a guiding element providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element.
The third advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention is constructed in a way that the element of the orbit tracker element moving along the equalizing orbit is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft and the tackle element is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft functioning as a guiding element.
In the fourth advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention, the equalizing orbit is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast on the points beingon the two sides of the common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast and of the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull, and the orbit tracker element consists of a rope pulley relying on the equalizing orbit from above and of a suspending element, holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit, and the endpoint of the tackle element is fixed to the suspending element.
Finally, another advantageous realization of the tackle system according to the second invention is where one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is fixed on thesuperficies of the mast at the points being on the two sides of the common plane of the axis of rotation of the mast and of the tackle element's fixing point being on the hull to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker shorter than the distance between the fixing points on the mast are fixed and the top end of the tackle element is connected to the center of the rocker.
The invention is presented in detail through some examples of realization with the help of the attached drawings where Figure 1 shows the front view of a sailing boat very schematically, Figure 2 shows the slightly enlarged details of I., II. and III. indicated in Figure 1, partly in cross section, Figure 3 shows the side view of the details illustrated in Figure 2 from direction IV, Figure 4 shows in cross section V. of the detail I. indicated in Figure 2, Figure 5 shows in cross section VI. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 2, Figure 6 shows the front view of one version of equalizing unit according to the invention, and finally Figure 7 shows in cross section VII. of the detail II. indicated in Figure 6.
Turnable mast 3 is mounted on hull 2 of sailing boat 1 shown in Figure 1 - in the general indication. The horizontal cross-section of the mast 3 - in the way illustrated in Figure 5 - is a streamlined profile constructed with cross sections that are aerodynamically advantageous for the needs. The longer axis of this streamlined profile is in the longitudinal axis of hull 2 in the basic position of mast 3 and as appropriate, its convex endpoint is situated in the course of sailing boat 1. The line 4 (groove, rail or similar) necessary for the fixing of the luff is made in the leech of the mast 3, which can be seen in figure 5, too.
The structural design shown in figure 2 and 3 provides the turnability of mast 3. As it can be seen, on the carrying surface 5 - onto the deck or the bilge, suitably on the keel or on the reinforced receiving unit of the keel -, constructed on the hull 2, a journal 6 is fixed the geometric axis of which corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. The mast 3 is fixed on the journal 6 by bearings, this way it can easily turn even under load.
A journal 7 is inserted - with bearings - into the mast 3 head the geometric axis of which also corresponds to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. On the top of journal 7, there is a cap 8 fixed on which there are stitches 9. The stitches 9 of the mast cap 3 receive the tackle elements 10, providing forward and back tackle, which are fixed to the front and end part of the hull 2. These assure that the mast cap 3 keep its fixed position relative to hull 2, and this way it is capable of carrying the devices that require fixed position.
The mast 3 is fixed with tackle fittings 11 on the two sides, and it is fixed to the two permanent lateral points of the hull 2 - or of the deck with tackle fittings 15. The tackle elements 10, the tackle fittings 11 and 15 fix the mast 3 against falling out by running outside mast 3, and at the same time they prevent curving (bending) appearing between the superior and inferior endpoints.
The tackle fittings 11 consist of a tackle element 12 and of an equalizing unit 13. The equalizing unit 13 is mounted on the superior end of the mast 3, and the superior end of the tackle element 12 is connected to this. The tackle elements 12 of the tackle fittings 11 are guided through a spreader structure 14 mounted on two sides of the mast 3, functioning as the spreader.
The tackle fittings 15 consist of a tackle element 16 and of an equalizing unit 17. The equalizing unit 17 is mounted on the mast 3 under the spreader structure 14, and the superior end of the tackle element 16 is connected to this.
In this realization, the tackle elements 10, 12 and 16 are uniformly steel wire but synthetic fiber yarn, wire or a material of suitable shaping, that is fine and has appropriate cross section could also be applied, the point is that it shall have the appropriate stability, be resistant to tension, flexible and stretch-free.
The structure and set-up of the elements participating in the tackle of mast 3 can be understood in detail by Figures 2-5. In the figures only the left sides are illustrated in detail, the right sides are the mirror image of these.
As it can be seen, regarding their construction, the equalizing unit 13 and the equalizing unit 17 are identical, so it is enough to describe only one of them. The equalizing unit 13 has two main arts, an equalizing orbit 18 and an orbit tracker element 20 moving on it.
In this case the equalizing orbit 18 is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape, in simple terms a bridle, and in the present case it is a steel wire identical to the material of tackle element 10. The two endpoints of the bridle forming the equalizing orbit 18 are clamped into clams 19 which are fixed to point P1 and P2 of the superficies of mast 3 in a way that the top of the V shape is situated downward from points P1 and P2. Points P1 and P2 are arranged in the form that their tp distance measured from the longitudinal axis of the section of mast 3 is identical and they are situated in a common circle of rp radius around the axis of rotation TA of mast 3.
The orbit tracker element 20 basically consists of a strap-like suspending element 22 and of a rope pulley having bearing 21 in it. The top end of the tackle element 12 is fixed from below to the suspending element 22. The equalizing orbit 18 is guided under the rope pulley 21, this way the orbit tracker element 20 is suspended to the equalizing orbit 18. It should be noted that instead of the rope pulley 21 a slider can also be applied.
In plane of the spreader structure 14, which, in this realization, is perpendicular to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3, Al and A2 pivoting points are made with two stitches 23 fixed on both side of mast 3, on its superficies. Pivoting points Al and A2 is situated at the same tc distance from the longitudinal axis of the section of mast 3.
In both stitches 23 there is one endpoint of the spreader elements 24 having a bearing in turnable manner around stud 25 in a way that their plane of rotation is perpendicular to the axis of rotation TA of mast 3. Regarding the shape of the spreader elements 24, they are identical to the traditional spreader that is they are long, slim poles of lying streamlined sections. At the other end of the spreader elements 24 01, 02 pivoting points are constructed in which two connecting elements 26 are situated with bearing in a turnable manner around one common stud 27. The connecting elements 26 intercept in pairs the spreader element 24 from under and from the top.
On the connecting elements 26 above each other, on the part of the tackle element 12 a connection point MP is made in which, in this case, a guiding sleeve 28 is inserted. Tackle element 12 is passed through this. Connection point MP is at the same tml, and tm2 distance from the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints of the connecting element 26 as the tal and ta2 distance of the pivoting points Al and A2 at stitches 23 and of that measured from plane KS defined by the axis of rotation TA of mast 3 and by the tackle elements 12. So the ratio of distance tal and ta2 equals to the ratio of distance tml and tm2. The straight line lying in plane KS can be considered as the virtual spreader VS.
The distance between the pivoting points A1-01 and A2-02 being on the spreader elements 24 is identical, and the distance between the pivoting points Al and A2 at the stitches 23 is the same, which distance is the sum of the distances tal and ta2 - distance (tal+ta2), and the distance between the pivoting points 01 and 02 being at the two endpoints of the connecting elements 26, which distance is the sum of distances tml and tm2 --distance (tm1+tm2). This way the spreader elements 24 being on the same side of the mast 3 are parallel to each other, that is the pivoting points Al, A2, 01 and 02 of the spreader structure 14 define a regular parallelogram. Due to the identity between the ratio of distance tal, ta2 and the ratio of distance tml, tm2, the spreader elements 24 are also parallel to the virtual spreader VS.
The equalizing element 13 and the spreader structure 14 presented now work in the following manner.
From the description, it can be easily admitted that the orbit tracker element 20 fixed to the top end of the tackle element 12 can easily move by itself on the V-shaped equalizing orbit 18, the spreader elements 24 can easily turn around the stitches 23, and the connecting elements 26 around the endpoints of the spreader elements 24. Of course, the tackle element 12 is pulled tightly, so when mast 3 stands straight, that is the longitudinal axis of the its section coincides with the longitudinal axis of hull 2, the equalizing orbit 18 takes a symmetric V shape, the orbit tracker element 20 is situated in the lowest point of the equalizing orbit 18, the angles of the parallelogram formed by the spreader elements 24 and the connecting element 26 are right angles.
When turning the mast 3, the following happens.
Depending on the direction of the rotation, one of points P1 and P2 is moving away from the plane defined by the longitudinal axis of hull 2 and the axis of rotation TA of mast 3, and the other point approaching to it. As a result of the loading of the orbit tracker element 20, the equalizing orbit 18 will be symmetric, the changes in length of the two branches of the V shape balance each other, so the orbit tracker element 20 stays in its original spatial position, that is the length of the tackle fittings 11 does not change. The same takes place also in case of the tackle fittings 15.
At the same time the two stitches 23 also turn around the axis of rotation TA
of mast 3 but because the position of guiding sleeve 28 cannot change, corresponding to the rules of geometry, the connecting element 26 turns in the same angle around the tackle element
12, and the spreader elements 24 stay parallel to their own original position.
So the position of the virtual spreader VS does not change either.
Therefore with the solution according to the invention, despite the turning of the mast 3, neither the length of tackle fittings 11, nor that of tackle fittings 15 will change, and this way the tackle of the mast 3 is permanent.
The solutions according to the invention, by maintaining the principle, can be implemented in several constructional versions, in addition the principle according to the invention is feasible both at the spreader structure 14, and at the equalizing unit 13 theoretically in case of other set-ups, too.
Although in the set-up of the elements of the spreader structure, the most obvious is the previously mentioned parallelogram shape, the elements can be set-up in another way, too.
One possible set-up is for example the "trapezoid" set-up when the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points 01, 02 being at the ends of the connecting element 26 is shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points Al, A2 on the same side of mast 3.
In another possible set-up, in the "X" set-up the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points Al, A2 being on the same side of mast 3 and the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points 01, 02 at the ends of the connecting element 26 is equal but the spreader elements 24 being on the same side of mast 3 intersect each other in X shape.
Obviously, the vertical position of stitches 23, spreader elements 24 and connecting element 26 relative to each other shall be adapted to the given set-up.
It is known that there is an integration of the rigidly fixed spreaders where their endpoint connecting to the external tackle element is a bit more higher situated relative to their internal endpoint. This type of integration can also be applied in case of the tackle system according to the invention and it is easily feasible by tilting the axis of the studs 25 being in the stitches 23.
Figure 6 and 7 shows one version of the equalizing unit according to the invention.
The equalizing orbit 30 of the equalizing unit 29 is a rigid arched line which is fixed at the top end of the mast 3. The arch of the equalizing orbit 30 is an elliptic section the major axis of which is situated in the plane KSdefined by the axis of rotation TA of the mast 3 and the fixing point of tackle elements 12 being on the hull. The orbit tracker element 31 leans on the equalizing orbit 30 with a moving element 32. The moving element 32 is a roller in the superficies of which there is a groove fitting to the equalizing orbit 30. In the orbit tracker element 31, the moving element 32 created as a roller has a bearing on a hollow shaft 33.
The tackle element 12 is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft 33, and the diameter of this bore fits in the diameter of the tackle element 12. It can be seen that the bore of the hollow shaft 33 is a guiding element 34 that allows the longitudinal movement of the tackle element 12.
The superior end of the tackle element 12 above the equalizing orbit 30 is fixed to the superficies of the mast 3 on a fixing point R. The situation of fixing point R
is chosen in a way that the line of the tackle element 12 is broken at the equalizing orbit 30, this assures that the orbit tracker element 31 will lie on the equalizing orbit 30 in any position of the mast 3.
When the mast 3 turns, the fixing point R also turns, and as a consequence the distance between the inferior fixing point of the tackle element 12 at the carrying surface 5 and the fixing point R increases. As the distance of the elliptic shaped equalizing orbit 30 measured from the axis of rotation TA of mast 3 continuously decreases when the mast 3 is turning in any direction, and also the distance of the orbit tracker element 31 and the fixing point R
also decreases equalizing this way the changes in length caused by the rotation.
It must be mentioned that the moving element 32 presented above can be replaced by a slider, too.
Another version of the equalizing unit 13 or 17 presented in the first realization can be created which can be easily understood even without figures. In this version, the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is divided into two at the top of the V
shape and one end of a very short rocker is pivotally connected to the two parts. The top end of the tackle element is connected - also pivotally - to the center of the rocker. When the equalizing unit is functioning, the rocker acts as if the rope pulley 21 would roll back and forth in the top of the V shaped equalizing orbit 18.
The tackle system according to the invention allows that the mast constructed with a cross-section, which is ideal from the point of view of fluid mechanics, beside the tackle elements (vantini, stay, shroud) passed through the spreader elements (spreader) moving together with the sail fixed to it shall be able to turn to wind with its front edge. The mast - mainsail collective with the mast of ideal cross-section creates a uniform aerodynamic profile which - primarily on the leeward side - as a result of the break-free down-flowing air made possible, increases significantly the generated lift. Nevertheless it provides the opportunity that the mast constructed with a low cross-section and low weight (material consumption) in a statically required form and extent, will be protected against buckling and falling out with the help of external tackle elements leaning on the spreaders that touch the mast in the appropriate angle.
So the position of the virtual spreader VS does not change either.
Therefore with the solution according to the invention, despite the turning of the mast 3, neither the length of tackle fittings 11, nor that of tackle fittings 15 will change, and this way the tackle of the mast 3 is permanent.
The solutions according to the invention, by maintaining the principle, can be implemented in several constructional versions, in addition the principle according to the invention is feasible both at the spreader structure 14, and at the equalizing unit 13 theoretically in case of other set-ups, too.
Although in the set-up of the elements of the spreader structure, the most obvious is the previously mentioned parallelogram shape, the elements can be set-up in another way, too.
One possible set-up is for example the "trapezoid" set-up when the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points 01, 02 being at the ends of the connecting element 26 is shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points Al, A2 on the same side of mast 3.
In another possible set-up, in the "X" set-up the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points Al, A2 being on the same side of mast 3 and the distance (tm1+tm2) between the pivoting points 01, 02 at the ends of the connecting element 26 is equal but the spreader elements 24 being on the same side of mast 3 intersect each other in X shape.
Obviously, the vertical position of stitches 23, spreader elements 24 and connecting element 26 relative to each other shall be adapted to the given set-up.
It is known that there is an integration of the rigidly fixed spreaders where their endpoint connecting to the external tackle element is a bit more higher situated relative to their internal endpoint. This type of integration can also be applied in case of the tackle system according to the invention and it is easily feasible by tilting the axis of the studs 25 being in the stitches 23.
Figure 6 and 7 shows one version of the equalizing unit according to the invention.
The equalizing orbit 30 of the equalizing unit 29 is a rigid arched line which is fixed at the top end of the mast 3. The arch of the equalizing orbit 30 is an elliptic section the major axis of which is situated in the plane KSdefined by the axis of rotation TA of the mast 3 and the fixing point of tackle elements 12 being on the hull. The orbit tracker element 31 leans on the equalizing orbit 30 with a moving element 32. The moving element 32 is a roller in the superficies of which there is a groove fitting to the equalizing orbit 30. In the orbit tracker element 31, the moving element 32 created as a roller has a bearing on a hollow shaft 33.
The tackle element 12 is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft 33, and the diameter of this bore fits in the diameter of the tackle element 12. It can be seen that the bore of the hollow shaft 33 is a guiding element 34 that allows the longitudinal movement of the tackle element 12.
The superior end of the tackle element 12 above the equalizing orbit 30 is fixed to the superficies of the mast 3 on a fixing point R. The situation of fixing point R
is chosen in a way that the line of the tackle element 12 is broken at the equalizing orbit 30, this assures that the orbit tracker element 31 will lie on the equalizing orbit 30 in any position of the mast 3.
When the mast 3 turns, the fixing point R also turns, and as a consequence the distance between the inferior fixing point of the tackle element 12 at the carrying surface 5 and the fixing point R increases. As the distance of the elliptic shaped equalizing orbit 30 measured from the axis of rotation TA of mast 3 continuously decreases when the mast 3 is turning in any direction, and also the distance of the orbit tracker element 31 and the fixing point R
also decreases equalizing this way the changes in length caused by the rotation.
It must be mentioned that the moving element 32 presented above can be replaced by a slider, too.
Another version of the equalizing unit 13 or 17 presented in the first realization can be created which can be easily understood even without figures. In this version, the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is divided into two at the top of the V
shape and one end of a very short rocker is pivotally connected to the two parts. The top end of the tackle element is connected - also pivotally - to the center of the rocker. When the equalizing unit is functioning, the rocker acts as if the rope pulley 21 would roll back and forth in the top of the V shaped equalizing orbit 18.
The tackle system according to the invention allows that the mast constructed with a cross-section, which is ideal from the point of view of fluid mechanics, beside the tackle elements (vantini, stay, shroud) passed through the spreader elements (spreader) moving together with the sail fixed to it shall be able to turn to wind with its front edge. The mast - mainsail collective with the mast of ideal cross-section creates a uniform aerodynamic profile which - primarily on the leeward side - as a result of the break-free down-flowing air made possible, increases significantly the generated lift. Nevertheless it provides the opportunity that the mast constructed with a low cross-section and low weight (material consumption) in a statically required form and extent, will be protected against buckling and falling out with the help of external tackle elements leaning on the spreaders that touch the mast in the appropriate angle.
Claims (11)
1.) The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation on sailing boats, which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull and the spreader elements constructed on the superficies of the mast, characterized as follows:
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull (2), on the superficies of the mast (3), symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points (A1, A2) are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3). To each pivoting point (A1, A2) one endpoint of at least one spreader element (25) is connected, and pivoting points (O1, O2) are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements (25). To the pivoting points (O1, O2) at the endpoints of the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of the mast (3) at least one end of the one connecting element (27) is connected.
On the connecting element(s) (27) a connection point (MP) is made on one hand, on the mast (3), above the plane of the pivoting points (A1, A2) on the superficies of the mast (3), if appropriate in the surroundings of the mast (3) head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element (12) fixed to the hull (2),
regarding the longitudinal axis of the hull (2), on the superficies of the mast (3), symmetrically two pairs of pivoting points (A1, A2) are constructed in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3). To each pivoting point (A1, A2) one endpoint of at least one spreader element (25) is connected, and pivoting points (O1, O2) are also constructed on the other end of the spreader elements (25). To the pivoting points (O1, O2) at the endpoints of the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of the mast (3) at least one end of the one connecting element (27) is connected.
On the connecting element(s) (27) a connection point (MP) is made on one hand, on the mast (3), above the plane of the pivoting points (A1, A2) on the superficies of the mast (3), if appropriate in the surroundings of the mast (3) head, on the other hand, it is constructed on the part of the tackle element (12) fixed to the hull (2),
2.) The tackle system according to claim 1, characterized as follows: the distance of the pivoting points (A1-O1, A2-O2) is the same in all spreader elements (25) connecting to the pivoting points (A1, A2) being in the same plane on the superficies of the mast (3).
3.) The tackle system according to point 1 or 2, characterized as follows:the ratio of the distance (tm1 , tm2) measured from the pivoting points (O1, O2) at the endpoints of the connecting element (27) of the connection point (MP) constructed on the tackle element (12) part of the connecting element (27) equals to the ratio of the pivoting points (A1, A2) being on the same side of the mast (3), namely to the ratio of the distance (ta1, ta2) measured from the common plane (KS) of the fixing point of the tackle element (12) on the hull (2) and of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3).
4.) The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as follows:the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points (A1, A2) being on the same side of mast (3) and the distance (tm1 +tm2) between the pivoting points (O1, O2) at the ends of the connecting element (27) is equal and the spreader elements (25) being on the same side of mast (3) are parallel or intersect each other.
5.) The tackle system according to any of the claims 1-3, characterized as follows:the distance (tm1 +tm2) between the pivoting points (O1, O2) being at the ends of the connecting element (27) is shorter than the distance (ta1+ta2) between the pivoting points (A1, A2) on the same side of mast (3).
6.)The external tackle system of the mast capable of rotation in sailing boats which contains the tackle elements fixing the mast to the hull, characterized as follows: the tackle element (12, 16) is connected to the mast (3) through an equalizing unit (13, 17) that balances the increase of the distance between the connection point of the two endpoints of the tackle element (12, 16) when the mast is turning (3).
7.) The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: the equalizing unit (13, 17, 29, 35) consists of an equalizing orbit (18, 30, 36) fixed to the side of the mast (3) and of an orbit tracker element (20, 31, 37) moving on it, carrying or guiding the tackle element (12, 16).
8.) The tackle system according tothe claim 6 or 7, characterized as follows:
the equalizing orbit (30) is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and it is in the plane (KS) defined by the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (31) contains an element (32) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) and a guiding element (34) providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element (12).
the equalizing orbit (30) is a rigid arched line the arch of which is an elliptic section where the major axis of the elliptic section is the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and it is in the plane (KS) defined by the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (31) contains an element (32) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) and a guiding element (34) providing the longitudinal movement of the tackle element (12).
9.) The tackle system according to any of the claims 6-8, characterized as follows:
the element (32) of the orbit tracker element (31) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft (33) and the tackle element (12) is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft (33) functioning as a guiding element (34).
the element (32) of the orbit tracker element (31) moving along the equalizing orbit (30) is a roller which has a bearing on a hollow shaft (33) and the tackle element (12) is passed through the bore of the hollow shaft (33) functioning as a guiding element (34).
10.) The tackle system according to claim 6 or 7,characterized as follows: the equalizing orbit (18) is a longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast (3) on the points (P1, P2) beingon the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (20) consists of a rope pulley (22) relying on the equalizing orbit (18) from above and of a suspending element (23), holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit (18), and the endpoint of the tackle element (12) is fixed to the suspending element (23).
shape the two endpoints of which is fixed to the superficies of the mast (3) on the points (P1, P2) beingon the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2), and the orbit tracker element (20) consists of a rope pulley (22) relying on the equalizing orbit (18) from above and of a suspending element (23), holding the latter, extending under the equalizing orbit (18), and the endpoint of the tackle element (12) is fixed to the suspending element (23).
11.) The tackle system according to claim 6, characterized as follows: as an equalizing unit, one endpoint of the longish, slim, flexible, stretch-free element, bended in V shape is fixed on the superficies of the mast (3) at the points (P1, P2) being on the two sides of the common plane (KS) of the axis of rotation (TA) of the mast (3) and of the tackle element's (12, 16) fixing point being on the hull (2) to the other end of which the endpoints of the rocker shorter than the distance between the fixing points (P1, P2) on the mast (3) are fixed and the top end of the tackle element (12) is connected to the center of the rocker.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| HU1500191A HUP1500191A2 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2015-04-27 | External stabilising system of slewable mast |
| HUP1500191 | 2015-04-27 | ||
| PCT/HU2016/000025 WO2016174483A1 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2016-04-26 | External tackle system of mast capable of turning |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2984089A1 true CA2984089A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
Family
ID=89991800
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2984089A Abandoned CA2984089A1 (en) | 2015-04-27 | 2016-04-26 | External tackle system of mast capable of turning |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2984089A1 (en) |
| HU (1) | HUP1500191A2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2016174483A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3132693B1 (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2024-02-02 | Ship Studio Sarl | Pivoting spreader for a rigid sail |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4230060A (en) * | 1977-11-11 | 1980-10-28 | Mccoy John D | Sailing system |
| US4465008A (en) * | 1982-05-24 | 1984-08-14 | Liggett John A | Sailcraft |
| RU94037442A (en) * | 1994-09-29 | 1996-09-27 | Санкт-Петербургское морское бюро машиностроения "Малахит" | Rigging |
| RU2145291C1 (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 2000-02-10 | Троицкий Георгий Николаевич | Method of ensuring stability of mast of sailing vessel and device for realization of this method |
-
2015
- 2015-04-27 HU HU1500191A patent/HUP1500191A2/en active IP Right Revival
-
2016
- 2016-04-26 WO PCT/HU2016/000025 patent/WO2016174483A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-04-26 CA CA2984089A patent/CA2984089A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| HUP1500191A2 (en) | 2016-10-28 |
| WO2016174483A1 (en) | 2016-11-03 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20190426 |