CA2961398A1 - Method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, and immobile video centering system - Google Patents
Method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, and immobile video centering system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2961398A1 CA2961398A1 CA2961398A CA2961398A CA2961398A1 CA 2961398 A1 CA2961398 A1 CA 2961398A1 CA 2961398 A CA2961398 A CA 2961398A CA 2961398 A CA2961398 A CA 2961398A CA 2961398 A1 CA2961398 A1 CA 2961398A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
- G02C13/00—Assembling; Repairing; Cleaning
- G02C13/003—Measuring during assembly or fitting of spectacles
- G02C13/005—Measuring geometric parameters required to locate ophtalmic lenses in spectacles frames
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for determining optical parameters of a test subject with measurement accuracy in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses by means of a stereo camera system (4), a mirror (3) arranged at the height of the stereo camera system, and a data-processing and data output device, in which additionally the correction data of the cameras of the stereo camera system (4), the image scales of said cameras, and information about the position of said cameras in space are stored. The test subject (1) directs his view at the mirror image of his head arising in the virtual mirror plane (5) (null viewing direction), while both cameras simultaneously record an image of the region of the head of the test subject (1) provided with the eyeglass frame (2). The direction, distance, and height position of the optical data are determined means of the software and by using the stored correction data, image scales, and position information, wherein existent size changes and distortions due to position are offset by means of correction calculations. Thus, only one recording of the face of the test subject is required to determine the centering data of the pair of eyeglasses, whereby the measurement time and thus the time burden for the test subject are significantly reduced.
Description
METHOD FOR ACCURATELY DETERMINING OPTICAL PARAMETERS OF A
TEST SUBJECT IN ORDER TO ADAPT A PAIR OF EYEGLASSES TO THE TEST
SUBJECT, AND IMMOBILE VIDEO CENTERING SYSTEM
Prior Art The invention proceeds from a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, and from an immobile video centering system according to the preamble of claim 2 for determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject.
Methods for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject and immobile video centering systems for determining optical parameters of a test subject already belong to the prior art. For example, a device and a system for determining optical parameters of a user are known, wherein in this method the image data at least of sub-regions of the user's head are generated from at least two different photographing directions. User data about at least a sub-region of the head or at least a sub-region of a system consisting of the user's head and a pair of eyeglasses arranged in the use position on the head can be determined from these image data, wherein the user data include location information in the three-dimensional space of predetermined points in the sub-region of the head or the sub-region of the system. Based on the user data, at least some of the optical parameters of the user are determined and are then output.
TEST SUBJECT IN ORDER TO ADAPT A PAIR OF EYEGLASSES TO THE TEST
SUBJECT, AND IMMOBILE VIDEO CENTERING SYSTEM
Prior Art The invention proceeds from a method according to the preamble of claim 1 for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, and from an immobile video centering system according to the preamble of claim 2 for determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject.
Methods for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject and immobile video centering systems for determining optical parameters of a test subject already belong to the prior art. For example, a device and a system for determining optical parameters of a user are known, wherein in this method the image data at least of sub-regions of the user's head are generated from at least two different photographing directions. User data about at least a sub-region of the head or at least a sub-region of a system consisting of the user's head and a pair of eyeglasses arranged in the use position on the head can be determined from these image data, wherein the user data include location information in the three-dimensional space of predetermined points in the sub-region of the head or the sub-region of the system. Based on the user data, at least some of the optical parameters of the user are determined and are then output.
2 The device for carrying out this type of method comprises at least two image recording devices, a data processing system and a data output device. The image recording devices are designed such that each of them produces image data for at least sub-regions of the user's head. Their effective optical axes intersect at an angle of intersection of between 100 and 60 , or the smallest distance between them is less than 10 cm, wherein the projection of the effective optical axes onto a horizontal plane intersect at an angle of 10 to 60 , and the projections of the effective optical axes onto a vertical plane parallel to the effective optical axes intersect at an angle of to 60 .
The data processing system has a device for determining user data, which is configured to identify user data about at least a sub-region of the head or at least a sub-region of a system consisting of the user's head and a pair of eyeglasses arranged in the use position on the head based on the image data that are generated.
The data processing system further comprises a parameter determination system, which is configured to identify at least some of the optical parameters of the user on the basis of the user data. Advantageously, the data processing system is a computer or microprocessor that performs the two tasks, i.e. determining both the user data and the parameters. The data output device outputs at least some of the optical parameters that have been determined for the user (EP 1 844 363 B1).
The disadvantage of this method is that it requires images to be taken from positions at different heights to the user's face and therefore arranges the camera at different heights to the user, and their effective optical axes must be oriented at particular angles to the user's face, especially the bridge of the nose, wherein the optical axis of a camera must always be oriented in a neutral viewing direction. If only one camera is used, the image must be recorded with an appropriate deflection device.
Moreover, the mirror for the camera arranged behind the user must be semi-transparent.
Furthermore, this device requires the test subject's face to be positioned relatively close to the mirror, namely less than 20 cm, which does not correspond to a natural long-distance vision situation. In practice, positioning with this level of precision is difficult to accomplish and always requires a certain amount of influence by the test subject, and so one of the essential preconditions for a reliable determination of the parameters, namely normal relaxed head and body posture by the test subject, is
The data processing system has a device for determining user data, which is configured to identify user data about at least a sub-region of the head or at least a sub-region of a system consisting of the user's head and a pair of eyeglasses arranged in the use position on the head based on the image data that are generated.
The data processing system further comprises a parameter determination system, which is configured to identify at least some of the optical parameters of the user on the basis of the user data. Advantageously, the data processing system is a computer or microprocessor that performs the two tasks, i.e. determining both the user data and the parameters. The data output device outputs at least some of the optical parameters that have been determined for the user (EP 1 844 363 B1).
The disadvantage of this method is that it requires images to be taken from positions at different heights to the user's face and therefore arranges the camera at different heights to the user, and their effective optical axes must be oriented at particular angles to the user's face, especially the bridge of the nose, wherein the optical axis of a camera must always be oriented in a neutral viewing direction. If only one camera is used, the image must be recorded with an appropriate deflection device.
Moreover, the mirror for the camera arranged behind the user must be semi-transparent.
Furthermore, this device requires the test subject's face to be positioned relatively close to the mirror, namely less than 20 cm, which does not correspond to a natural long-distance vision situation. In practice, positioning with this level of precision is difficult to accomplish and always requires a certain amount of influence by the test subject, and so one of the essential preconditions for a reliable determination of the parameters, namely normal relaxed head and body posture by the test subject, is
3 likewise difficult to achieve.
A further substantial disadvantage of this method is the high degree of manual effort and correspondingly large amount of time expended by both the user and the test subject, since none of the measuring points are automatically provided to the system;
they must all be marked on the monitor manually by the user.
Also known is an in situ video centering system with an assessment of the test subject's field of vision to determine the centering data for a pair of eyeglasses, having an imaging unit, a camera unit and a software-based evaluating unit for the video recordings. The imaging unit, such as a screen, is placed at head height for a test subject. At least one camera, which the test subject does not see, is placed on each of the right and left sides. Images that are visually interesting to the test subject are shown to the test subject on the imaging unit, and so he is prompted automatically and by his ability to see to assume particular distances and positions relative to the screen in order to follow the events on the screen; in other words, the test subject directs his view and/or head movements in the directions and positions required to determine the centering data for the eyeglasses without being instructed to do so simply by following the events on the screen (WO 2011/131169 Al).
Although this creates an in situ situation that is pleasant for the test subject, relaxed and not directed by instructions by an optician or considered annoying, it nevertheless requires a certain amount of concentration by the test subject when following the images. Additionally, the method is very time-consuming, since various pupil positions must be recorded in order to determine the centering data, and the test subject must therefore be stimulated to change his viewing direction over a longer period of time. Furthermore, because a screen must be provided and the images produced to provoke the attention of the test subject, the video centering system itself is still relatively complex.
A video centering system and a method for determining centering data for eyeglass lenses are also known. This mobile video centering system consists of at least one image capturing device (stereo camera system with fixed optical axes), an image processing unit with a computer and a controller, wherein all components are integrated into a mobile housing. Additionally, a screen for displaying optotypes is
A further substantial disadvantage of this method is the high degree of manual effort and correspondingly large amount of time expended by both the user and the test subject, since none of the measuring points are automatically provided to the system;
they must all be marked on the monitor manually by the user.
Also known is an in situ video centering system with an assessment of the test subject's field of vision to determine the centering data for a pair of eyeglasses, having an imaging unit, a camera unit and a software-based evaluating unit for the video recordings. The imaging unit, such as a screen, is placed at head height for a test subject. At least one camera, which the test subject does not see, is placed on each of the right and left sides. Images that are visually interesting to the test subject are shown to the test subject on the imaging unit, and so he is prompted automatically and by his ability to see to assume particular distances and positions relative to the screen in order to follow the events on the screen; in other words, the test subject directs his view and/or head movements in the directions and positions required to determine the centering data for the eyeglasses without being instructed to do so simply by following the events on the screen (WO 2011/131169 Al).
Although this creates an in situ situation that is pleasant for the test subject, relaxed and not directed by instructions by an optician or considered annoying, it nevertheless requires a certain amount of concentration by the test subject when following the images. Additionally, the method is very time-consuming, since various pupil positions must be recorded in order to determine the centering data, and the test subject must therefore be stimulated to change his viewing direction over a longer period of time. Furthermore, because a screen must be provided and the images produced to provoke the attention of the test subject, the video centering system itself is still relatively complex.
A video centering system and a method for determining centering data for eyeglass lenses are also known. This mobile video centering system consists of at least one image capturing device (stereo camera system with fixed optical axes), an image processing unit with a computer and a controller, wherein all components are integrated into a mobile housing. Additionally, a screen for displaying optotypes is
4 located on the side of the video centering system facing the test subject. In the method for determining centering data for eyeglass lenses, additional lines of sight for the test subject's various viewing situations are calculated in relation to the eyeglass frame. For this purpose, a user places the video centering system in a position characteristic for a viewing situation and, supported by a display arranged on the rear side of the device facing the user and after inspecting and correcting the position, if necessary, the user activates all image recording devices simultaneously (DE 10 2011 009 646 Al). To carry out the method, it is necessary to calibrate the image recording devices or adjust the entire system before or during the recording of the images. Also disadvantageous is the fact that the video centering system must always be held at the level of the test subject's face.
Stereoscopic measurement methods are likewise known which permit the fully automatic three-dimensional measurement of particular clearly defined geometric bodies, e.g. workpieces such as lathes or mulled parts.
When it comes to the tasks related to video centering, the conventional methods for the stereoscopic three-dimensional measurement of three-dimensional bodies (for example, by means of algorithms for identifying correlations and functions in epipolar geometry) rendered in two two-dimensional images (stereo images) are not successful for two primary reasons:
1. The known methods for stereoscopic measurement require uniquely assignable points in both two-dimensional representations (images) which have exactly the same position on the three-dimensional body, such as the corner of a cuboid. In the objects to be measured, i.e. eyeglass frame and human eye, this is not established in the first approximation.
2. The measurement task of video centering involves a determination of the optical center of the lens when the test subject is looking in a neutral viewing direction. In conventional stereo camera systems, this neutral viewing direction is not shown in the two two-dimensional representations (images) because, to do so, it would have to be ensured by means of mechanical and electronic control technology that the camera system is located at eye level for the test subject, which itself is associated with increased effort.
Finally, a method, a device and a computer program product for determining individual parameters of an eyeglass wearer are known. In this method, the optical user data are determined by multiple image recording devices arranged one above the other at equal distances from one another. The optical axes of the image recording devices that are arranged directly above one another are thus oriented parallel to one another (DE 10 2012 007 831 Al). Preferably, a special room in which the image recording device is arranged and adjusted is required for the image recordings.
The invention therefore addresses the problem of developing a method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, said method requiring less measuring time and fewer activities performed both by the operator and by the test subject. The known immobile video centering systems for determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject should be modified such that they require less effort and allow for a measuring process that is less demanding for the test subject.
The Invention and the Advantages Thereof By contrast, the claimed method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, having the features of claim 1, has the advantage that it requires only one recorded image or only a brief series of images of the test subject's face or the region of the face occupied by the eyeglasses in order to calculate the centering data of the eyeglasses after the test subject looks into his own eyes in the mirror, which is already used in devices known from the prior art to carry out similar methods, as a result of which the test subject more or less automatically assumes the neutral viewing direction (horizontal line of sight into the distance) that is required to record the image. By simultaneously activating the at least two cameras of the stereo camera system, the measuring time and thus the time burden on the test subject are significantly reduced.
The claimed method also includes that the characteristic values and specific imaging properties of the at least two cameras of the stereo camera system, including their imaging errors, such as distortions, are recorded and, using a physical-mathematic model, saved in the software of the data processing and data output device as correction values, e.g. in the form of a table of values. The characteristic values of the camera can be easily determined with a suitable measuring device and/or measuring method, since the specific imaging properties of the camera adhere to the laws of trigonometry (intercept theorem). The specific imaging properties include the image size of the eyeglasses as well as the position of the concrete (discrete) height ranges of the glasses in the imaging area of the camera, both depending upon how far the glasses are from the lens plane of the at least two cameras. The characteristic values "focal distance," "position of the cameras relative to each other" and "distance range" are interpreted such that each point in space in the measurement area is recorded by both cameras. The correction calculations saved in the software make it possible to detect, for example, the optical centers of the lenses in the test subject's horizontal viewing direction, although they are not shown in the images recorded by the cameras.
Principle of the claimed method:
The optical and electronic functions of the electronic cameras, which are configured as a stereo camera system, as well as their spatial position relative to each other are determined as precisely as possible by a calibration method during the process of producing the system.
The evaluating software examines the individual stereoscopic images of the object (eyeglass frame) for known features such as the shape of the eyeglass frame or parts of the eyeglass frame shape. Three possibilities exist for this process:
1. In the event that the concrete shape of the eyeglass frame is available as a set of design or measurement data for concrete measurement, these data will be used throughout the procedure.
2. If this is not the case, the evaluation software automatically compares easily identifiable eyeglass frame moldings with the general database stored in the data processing and data output device, which contains typical eyeglass frame shapes, and selects from the database the eyeglass frame shape most closely corresponding in shape for the rest of the procedure.
3. If that is also not possible, e.g. because the shape features (edges) of the eyeglass frame detected by the software are insufficient to allocate an eyeglass frame shape from the general eyeglass frame database, then the software uses the detected eyeglass frame shape edges to determine the features necessary to measure the centering data.
The complete eyeglass frame shape that is known in detail from this process, or the features that are detected in the 3rd case, are correctly positioned by the evaluation software in all three spatial axes in the individual stereoscopic images such that a horizontal shortening of the image is realized by the horizontal torsion of the object to be adapted.
The features of the adapted eyeglass frame shapes in the individual stereoscopic images known in detail from this process are drawn up using stereoscopic measurement technology, e.g. measuring with epipolar lines.
In preparation for detecting the optical centers that are to be determined between the eyeglass frame and the test subject's pupils in a neutral viewing direction, the distances between the centers of the pupils and the known features of the eyeglass frame shapes fitted into the individual stereoscopic images are measured in the individual stereoscopic images.
Using the methods illustrated and thus the values ascertained up to this point, the evaluation software is capable of establishing a stereoscopic three-dimensional model of the eyeglass frame including the centers of the test subject's pupils.
Since the structural details, such as the structurally known distances, and the position of the aforementioned features of the eyeglass frame are known, the evaluation software also utilizes the three-dimensional model to determine the position of the cameras relative to the eyeglass frame, such as the distance and relative height of the eyeglass frame relative to the stereo camera system.
In a typical image recording situation, the height of the camera is not equal to the height of the pupil. The (apparent) optical centers of the lenses visible in the individual stereoscopic images thus do not correspond to the actual optical centers, but rather, if the camera is lower than the height of the pupil, are likewise lower.
Since the position of the pupils and thus of the eye's center of rotation are known in the three-dimensional model in addition to the positions of the eyeglass frame and the cameras, the evaluation software uses trigonometric methods to calculate the optical centers of the lenses in a neutral viewing direction.
In the case of stereoscopic recordings, the cameras in the horizontal direction are not located in the test subject's viewing direction, but each is instead placed laterally outward and outside of the viewing direction.
Therefore, the (apparent) optical centers of the lenses visible in the individual stereoscopic images do not correspond horizontally to the true optical centers, but are actually offset laterally.
The evaluation software uses trigonometric methods (theorem of intersecting lines between the test subject's viewing direction and the recording beam of the camera) to calculate the optical center according to the viewing direction in the center of the mirror between the cameras.
The claimed method proceeds in the presence of the test subject as follows:
The test subject with an anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame is situated in front of the stereo camera system and the mirror within a distance range of between 0.5 m and 1 m (approximately arm's length) so that he is recorded by both cameras.
He is instructed to look himself in the eyes. As was mentioned above, this causes the test subject to assume a relaxed head and body position, and the test subject's gaze is fixed in a neutral viewing direction at a double distance from the mirror in the virtual mirror plane. This relaxed natural head position with a horizontal viewing direction is desirable and, to a certain extent, necessary for an accurate measurement. A
video centering device in which the claimed method is carried out is described further below.
All of the cameras of the stereo camera system simultaneously make a synchronized recording of at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame.
By using the saved correction data, image scales and position information described above to evaluate the positions of the eyeglass frame shapes in the imaging area of the images, the software calculates the direction, distance and height of the features.
At this point, all of the boundary conditions of the recording are known, and so any other image information about the object, such as the position of the centers of the test subject's pupils, are used for geometric measurements, since all available position-related and direction-related size changes and distortions can be offset by correction calculations.
The claimed immobile video centering system with the features of claim 2 has the advantage over the prior art described above that it is designed very simply and does not require moving cameras, regardless of the size of the test subject, or optical animations for the test subject. It is possible to determine the optical parameters of the eyeglasses without orienting the cameras at the eye level of the test subject.
Owing to their angular aperture, the cameras that are used record different body sizes of test subjects without having to be arranged exactly at their head level or to be adjusted to it. Using only a simple mirror, which does not have to be semi-transparent, the test subject merely has to concentrate on his own reflection, which, in the virtual mirror plane behind the mirror, appears equidistant to his own distance in front of the mirror. The test subject automatically concentrates on his reflection, in particular on the new eyeglass frame, looks into his own eyes and thereby ensures the required neutral viewing direction. This also contributes to reducing the measurement time and thus the time burden for the test subject.
An additional advantage of the video centering system is that it is less sensitive than the first-mentioned prior art publication in terms of maintaining the distance between the test subject and the mirror. As is mentioned above, the distance can vary in the range between 0.5 and 1 m.
A particular advantage of the claimed embodiment without vertically displaceable cameras can also be seen in the fact that it becomes possible to configure the recording device with a very flat design so that it can be installed, for example, in an optician's shop like a conventional mirror, possibly hung on a wall or set up on a table.
These advantages of the claimed immobile video centering device are achieved in that a stereo camera system is used as an electronic image recording device, said system consisting of at least two cameras, the electronic functions and optical imaging properties of which are known as precisely as possible. The related characteristic values are stored in the data processing and data output device associated with the video centering system.
The cameras are arranged immovably at the same height and at a defined horizontal distance from each other at the level of the mirror, each symmetrically to the central longitudinal axis of the mirror, i.e. their positions, their defined horizontal distance from each other and their orientations relative to the position of the test subject and relative to the mirror in the room are fixed in a defined way. Their defined optical axes are oriented exactly horizontally toward the test subject, and so the field of vision of both cameras includes at least the part of the test subject's face that is occupied by the eyeglasses. This immobilization is necessary to calculate the centering data of . the glasses in order to exclude measurement errors caused by any inadvertent changes to geometric relationships. Of course, it is also possible to arrange the cameras such that their horizontal positions and orientation relative to the test subject can be changed. In that case, however, it must be ensured that they are securely fixed in place once they are positioned and oriented. The focal distance of the cameras, their horizontal spacing and distance range to the test subject are selected such that each point in space in the measurement area is recorded by the at least two cameras, which are arranged at the same level on both sides of the mirror.
= 11 According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cameras are placed at mid-height of the mirror. Since mid-height of the mirror is already set at the average eye level of an adult, the cameras will certainly record the eye region of smaller and larger persons. Children may have to be placed on a stepladder or higher stool.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cameras have a fixed focal distance. Inadvertent adjustments that could occur with zoom lenses and result in erroneous measurements are thereby prevented. Furthermore, cameras with a fixed focal distance are less expensive. For a simpler evaluation of the images as well as simpler calculation of the measurement values, it is advantageous to use cameras with the same focal distance.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the invention, the optical axes of the cameras in the horizontal plane are oriented at a defined angle slightly relative to each other. It is favorable for this angle to be between 40 and 12 . In this way, the overlap between the two fields of vision is broadened.
Drawings Preferred embodiments of the claimed subject matter are shown in the drawings and are explained in greater detail below. The following is shown:
Fig. 1 a side view of the claimed measurement situation;
Fig. 2 a top view of the claimed measurement situation;
Fig. 3 a side view of the measurement situation in Fig. 1 with a test subject below the camera level; and Fig. 4 an image of a test subject with eyeglass frame with specific eyeglass frame features.
Description of the embodiments Fig. 1 shows a side view of a representation of the claimed immobile video centering system according to the principle. A test subject 1 with his chosen and anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame 2 stands in front of a mirror 3 arranged vertically at head level, and a stereo camera system 4 consisting of two cameras in the present example is located at mid-height of said mirror, the two cameras of the system being arranged immovably on both sides of the mirror 3 at the same height and at a defined horizontal distance both from each other and in relation to the mirror 3 (Fig.
2). The distance between the test subject 1 and the mirror 3 or the stereo camera system 4 in the present example is ca. 1 m. For the test subject 1 looking in the mirror, a virtual mirror plane 5 appears equidistant behind the mirror 3. The test subject 1 looks into the mirror 3 in the horizontal direction, the so-called neutral viewing direction 6. The vertical field of vision 7 of the two cameras is determined by their vertical angular aperture, which in the present example is 45 . As can be discerned from Fig.
2, the two cameras in the present example are arranged in the horizontal plane with their optical axes 8 pointing toward the test subject 1 and oriented to each other at an angle of 6 . This enlarges the field of vision common to the two cameras, which is indicated by the double-headed arrow with reference sign 9. The width of the mirror 3 approximately corresponds to the width of the test subject's head 1 in the present example. In this way, the test subject 1 automatically positions himself in a region approximately in the center between the two cameras, which in turn simplifies the mathematical evaluation of the images.
Fig. 3 shows the same view of the claimed immobile video centering system as Fig. 1, the difference being that the test subject 1 is smaller than the one in Fig. 1; in other words, his head is located in the lower region of the vertical field of vision 7 of the cameras.
Fig. 4 shows the test subject 1 wearing the eyeglass frame 2 distinguished by a selection of measurement points A through H of the eyeglass frame features, which are relevant to the measurement for the purposes of video centering, as well as the pupil centers I and J in the eyes of the test subject 1.
The measurement points represent the following features of the fitted eyeglass frame shapes:
A Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, top right B Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, lower right C Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, outer right side D
Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, inner right side E Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, upper left side Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, lower left side G Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, inner left side H Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, outer left side.
Measurement points A, B, C and D are needed to measure the centering data, for example. Measurement points A and B as well as E and F are utilized, for instance, to determine the width of the frame lens. The distances between the centers of the pupils, which are indicated by measurement points I and J, and the distances which determine the eyeglass frame shape, such as between points C and D and between G and H, are measured in the individual stereoscopic images to identify the optical centers in a neutral viewing direction. Based on the positions of measurement points A through H and their structurally known distances, the evaluation software can also determine the positions of the cameras relative to the eyeglass frame, e.g.
the distance and relative height of the eyeglass frame to the stereo camera system.
All of the features shown here may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.
List of Reference Signs 1 Test subject 2 Eyeglass frame 3 Mirror 4 Stereo camera system Virtual mirror plane 6 Neutral viewing direction 7 Vertical angular aperture 8 Optical axes 9 Common field of vision A¨H Measurement points of the eyeglass frame Center point of the test subject pupil, right eye Center point of the test subject pupil, left eye
Stereoscopic measurement methods are likewise known which permit the fully automatic three-dimensional measurement of particular clearly defined geometric bodies, e.g. workpieces such as lathes or mulled parts.
When it comes to the tasks related to video centering, the conventional methods for the stereoscopic three-dimensional measurement of three-dimensional bodies (for example, by means of algorithms for identifying correlations and functions in epipolar geometry) rendered in two two-dimensional images (stereo images) are not successful for two primary reasons:
1. The known methods for stereoscopic measurement require uniquely assignable points in both two-dimensional representations (images) which have exactly the same position on the three-dimensional body, such as the corner of a cuboid. In the objects to be measured, i.e. eyeglass frame and human eye, this is not established in the first approximation.
2. The measurement task of video centering involves a determination of the optical center of the lens when the test subject is looking in a neutral viewing direction. In conventional stereo camera systems, this neutral viewing direction is not shown in the two two-dimensional representations (images) because, to do so, it would have to be ensured by means of mechanical and electronic control technology that the camera system is located at eye level for the test subject, which itself is associated with increased effort.
Finally, a method, a device and a computer program product for determining individual parameters of an eyeglass wearer are known. In this method, the optical user data are determined by multiple image recording devices arranged one above the other at equal distances from one another. The optical axes of the image recording devices that are arranged directly above one another are thus oriented parallel to one another (DE 10 2012 007 831 Al). Preferably, a special room in which the image recording device is arranged and adjusted is required for the image recordings.
The invention therefore addresses the problem of developing a method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, said method requiring less measuring time and fewer activities performed both by the operator and by the test subject. The known immobile video centering systems for determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject should be modified such that they require less effort and allow for a measuring process that is less demanding for the test subject.
The Invention and the Advantages Thereof By contrast, the claimed method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, having the features of claim 1, has the advantage that it requires only one recorded image or only a brief series of images of the test subject's face or the region of the face occupied by the eyeglasses in order to calculate the centering data of the eyeglasses after the test subject looks into his own eyes in the mirror, which is already used in devices known from the prior art to carry out similar methods, as a result of which the test subject more or less automatically assumes the neutral viewing direction (horizontal line of sight into the distance) that is required to record the image. By simultaneously activating the at least two cameras of the stereo camera system, the measuring time and thus the time burden on the test subject are significantly reduced.
The claimed method also includes that the characteristic values and specific imaging properties of the at least two cameras of the stereo camera system, including their imaging errors, such as distortions, are recorded and, using a physical-mathematic model, saved in the software of the data processing and data output device as correction values, e.g. in the form of a table of values. The characteristic values of the camera can be easily determined with a suitable measuring device and/or measuring method, since the specific imaging properties of the camera adhere to the laws of trigonometry (intercept theorem). The specific imaging properties include the image size of the eyeglasses as well as the position of the concrete (discrete) height ranges of the glasses in the imaging area of the camera, both depending upon how far the glasses are from the lens plane of the at least two cameras. The characteristic values "focal distance," "position of the cameras relative to each other" and "distance range" are interpreted such that each point in space in the measurement area is recorded by both cameras. The correction calculations saved in the software make it possible to detect, for example, the optical centers of the lenses in the test subject's horizontal viewing direction, although they are not shown in the images recorded by the cameras.
Principle of the claimed method:
The optical and electronic functions of the electronic cameras, which are configured as a stereo camera system, as well as their spatial position relative to each other are determined as precisely as possible by a calibration method during the process of producing the system.
The evaluating software examines the individual stereoscopic images of the object (eyeglass frame) for known features such as the shape of the eyeglass frame or parts of the eyeglass frame shape. Three possibilities exist for this process:
1. In the event that the concrete shape of the eyeglass frame is available as a set of design or measurement data for concrete measurement, these data will be used throughout the procedure.
2. If this is not the case, the evaluation software automatically compares easily identifiable eyeglass frame moldings with the general database stored in the data processing and data output device, which contains typical eyeglass frame shapes, and selects from the database the eyeglass frame shape most closely corresponding in shape for the rest of the procedure.
3. If that is also not possible, e.g. because the shape features (edges) of the eyeglass frame detected by the software are insufficient to allocate an eyeglass frame shape from the general eyeglass frame database, then the software uses the detected eyeglass frame shape edges to determine the features necessary to measure the centering data.
The complete eyeglass frame shape that is known in detail from this process, or the features that are detected in the 3rd case, are correctly positioned by the evaluation software in all three spatial axes in the individual stereoscopic images such that a horizontal shortening of the image is realized by the horizontal torsion of the object to be adapted.
The features of the adapted eyeglass frame shapes in the individual stereoscopic images known in detail from this process are drawn up using stereoscopic measurement technology, e.g. measuring with epipolar lines.
In preparation for detecting the optical centers that are to be determined between the eyeglass frame and the test subject's pupils in a neutral viewing direction, the distances between the centers of the pupils and the known features of the eyeglass frame shapes fitted into the individual stereoscopic images are measured in the individual stereoscopic images.
Using the methods illustrated and thus the values ascertained up to this point, the evaluation software is capable of establishing a stereoscopic three-dimensional model of the eyeglass frame including the centers of the test subject's pupils.
Since the structural details, such as the structurally known distances, and the position of the aforementioned features of the eyeglass frame are known, the evaluation software also utilizes the three-dimensional model to determine the position of the cameras relative to the eyeglass frame, such as the distance and relative height of the eyeglass frame relative to the stereo camera system.
In a typical image recording situation, the height of the camera is not equal to the height of the pupil. The (apparent) optical centers of the lenses visible in the individual stereoscopic images thus do not correspond to the actual optical centers, but rather, if the camera is lower than the height of the pupil, are likewise lower.
Since the position of the pupils and thus of the eye's center of rotation are known in the three-dimensional model in addition to the positions of the eyeglass frame and the cameras, the evaluation software uses trigonometric methods to calculate the optical centers of the lenses in a neutral viewing direction.
In the case of stereoscopic recordings, the cameras in the horizontal direction are not located in the test subject's viewing direction, but each is instead placed laterally outward and outside of the viewing direction.
Therefore, the (apparent) optical centers of the lenses visible in the individual stereoscopic images do not correspond horizontally to the true optical centers, but are actually offset laterally.
The evaluation software uses trigonometric methods (theorem of intersecting lines between the test subject's viewing direction and the recording beam of the camera) to calculate the optical center according to the viewing direction in the center of the mirror between the cameras.
The claimed method proceeds in the presence of the test subject as follows:
The test subject with an anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame is situated in front of the stereo camera system and the mirror within a distance range of between 0.5 m and 1 m (approximately arm's length) so that he is recorded by both cameras.
He is instructed to look himself in the eyes. As was mentioned above, this causes the test subject to assume a relaxed head and body position, and the test subject's gaze is fixed in a neutral viewing direction at a double distance from the mirror in the virtual mirror plane. This relaxed natural head position with a horizontal viewing direction is desirable and, to a certain extent, necessary for an accurate measurement. A
video centering device in which the claimed method is carried out is described further below.
All of the cameras of the stereo camera system simultaneously make a synchronized recording of at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame.
By using the saved correction data, image scales and position information described above to evaluate the positions of the eyeglass frame shapes in the imaging area of the images, the software calculates the direction, distance and height of the features.
At this point, all of the boundary conditions of the recording are known, and so any other image information about the object, such as the position of the centers of the test subject's pupils, are used for geometric measurements, since all available position-related and direction-related size changes and distortions can be offset by correction calculations.
The claimed immobile video centering system with the features of claim 2 has the advantage over the prior art described above that it is designed very simply and does not require moving cameras, regardless of the size of the test subject, or optical animations for the test subject. It is possible to determine the optical parameters of the eyeglasses without orienting the cameras at the eye level of the test subject.
Owing to their angular aperture, the cameras that are used record different body sizes of test subjects without having to be arranged exactly at their head level or to be adjusted to it. Using only a simple mirror, which does not have to be semi-transparent, the test subject merely has to concentrate on his own reflection, which, in the virtual mirror plane behind the mirror, appears equidistant to his own distance in front of the mirror. The test subject automatically concentrates on his reflection, in particular on the new eyeglass frame, looks into his own eyes and thereby ensures the required neutral viewing direction. This also contributes to reducing the measurement time and thus the time burden for the test subject.
An additional advantage of the video centering system is that it is less sensitive than the first-mentioned prior art publication in terms of maintaining the distance between the test subject and the mirror. As is mentioned above, the distance can vary in the range between 0.5 and 1 m.
A particular advantage of the claimed embodiment without vertically displaceable cameras can also be seen in the fact that it becomes possible to configure the recording device with a very flat design so that it can be installed, for example, in an optician's shop like a conventional mirror, possibly hung on a wall or set up on a table.
These advantages of the claimed immobile video centering device are achieved in that a stereo camera system is used as an electronic image recording device, said system consisting of at least two cameras, the electronic functions and optical imaging properties of which are known as precisely as possible. The related characteristic values are stored in the data processing and data output device associated with the video centering system.
The cameras are arranged immovably at the same height and at a defined horizontal distance from each other at the level of the mirror, each symmetrically to the central longitudinal axis of the mirror, i.e. their positions, their defined horizontal distance from each other and their orientations relative to the position of the test subject and relative to the mirror in the room are fixed in a defined way. Their defined optical axes are oriented exactly horizontally toward the test subject, and so the field of vision of both cameras includes at least the part of the test subject's face that is occupied by the eyeglasses. This immobilization is necessary to calculate the centering data of . the glasses in order to exclude measurement errors caused by any inadvertent changes to geometric relationships. Of course, it is also possible to arrange the cameras such that their horizontal positions and orientation relative to the test subject can be changed. In that case, however, it must be ensured that they are securely fixed in place once they are positioned and oriented. The focal distance of the cameras, their horizontal spacing and distance range to the test subject are selected such that each point in space in the measurement area is recorded by the at least two cameras, which are arranged at the same level on both sides of the mirror.
= 11 According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cameras are placed at mid-height of the mirror. Since mid-height of the mirror is already set at the average eye level of an adult, the cameras will certainly record the eye region of smaller and larger persons. Children may have to be placed on a stepladder or higher stool.
According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the cameras have a fixed focal distance. Inadvertent adjustments that could occur with zoom lenses and result in erroneous measurements are thereby prevented. Furthermore, cameras with a fixed focal distance are less expensive. For a simpler evaluation of the images as well as simpler calculation of the measurement values, it is advantageous to use cameras with the same focal distance.
According to an additional advantageous embodiment of the invention, the optical axes of the cameras in the horizontal plane are oriented at a defined angle slightly relative to each other. It is favorable for this angle to be between 40 and 12 . In this way, the overlap between the two fields of vision is broadened.
Drawings Preferred embodiments of the claimed subject matter are shown in the drawings and are explained in greater detail below. The following is shown:
Fig. 1 a side view of the claimed measurement situation;
Fig. 2 a top view of the claimed measurement situation;
Fig. 3 a side view of the measurement situation in Fig. 1 with a test subject below the camera level; and Fig. 4 an image of a test subject with eyeglass frame with specific eyeglass frame features.
Description of the embodiments Fig. 1 shows a side view of a representation of the claimed immobile video centering system according to the principle. A test subject 1 with his chosen and anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame 2 stands in front of a mirror 3 arranged vertically at head level, and a stereo camera system 4 consisting of two cameras in the present example is located at mid-height of said mirror, the two cameras of the system being arranged immovably on both sides of the mirror 3 at the same height and at a defined horizontal distance both from each other and in relation to the mirror 3 (Fig.
2). The distance between the test subject 1 and the mirror 3 or the stereo camera system 4 in the present example is ca. 1 m. For the test subject 1 looking in the mirror, a virtual mirror plane 5 appears equidistant behind the mirror 3. The test subject 1 looks into the mirror 3 in the horizontal direction, the so-called neutral viewing direction 6. The vertical field of vision 7 of the two cameras is determined by their vertical angular aperture, which in the present example is 45 . As can be discerned from Fig.
2, the two cameras in the present example are arranged in the horizontal plane with their optical axes 8 pointing toward the test subject 1 and oriented to each other at an angle of 6 . This enlarges the field of vision common to the two cameras, which is indicated by the double-headed arrow with reference sign 9. The width of the mirror 3 approximately corresponds to the width of the test subject's head 1 in the present example. In this way, the test subject 1 automatically positions himself in a region approximately in the center between the two cameras, which in turn simplifies the mathematical evaluation of the images.
Fig. 3 shows the same view of the claimed immobile video centering system as Fig. 1, the difference being that the test subject 1 is smaller than the one in Fig. 1; in other words, his head is located in the lower region of the vertical field of vision 7 of the cameras.
Fig. 4 shows the test subject 1 wearing the eyeglass frame 2 distinguished by a selection of measurement points A through H of the eyeglass frame features, which are relevant to the measurement for the purposes of video centering, as well as the pupil centers I and J in the eyes of the test subject 1.
The measurement points represent the following features of the fitted eyeglass frame shapes:
A Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, top right B Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, lower right C Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, outer right side D
Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, inner right side E Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, upper left side Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, lower left side G Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, inner left side H Outer point, inner eyeglass frame edge, outer left side.
Measurement points A, B, C and D are needed to measure the centering data, for example. Measurement points A and B as well as E and F are utilized, for instance, to determine the width of the frame lens. The distances between the centers of the pupils, which are indicated by measurement points I and J, and the distances which determine the eyeglass frame shape, such as between points C and D and between G and H, are measured in the individual stereoscopic images to identify the optical centers in a neutral viewing direction. Based on the positions of measurement points A through H and their structurally known distances, the evaluation software can also determine the positions of the cameras relative to the eyeglass frame, e.g.
the distance and relative height of the eyeglass frame to the stereo camera system.
All of the features shown here may be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.
List of Reference Signs 1 Test subject 2 Eyeglass frame 3 Mirror 4 Stereo camera system Virtual mirror plane 6 Neutral viewing direction 7 Vertical angular aperture 8 Optical axes 9 Common field of vision A¨H Measurement points of the eyeglass frame Center point of the test subject pupil, right eye Center point of the test subject pupil, left eye
Claims (6)
1. A method for accurately determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject which uses - an electronic image recording device that has at least two cameras, - a mirror arranged vertically in the room opposite the test subject at eye level, wherein the test subject is wearing an anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame, and - a data processing and data output device, in which the parameters of the eyeglasses and the eyeglass frame, hereafter called "eyeglass frame data,"
are saved, wherein the electronic image recording device photographically records at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame, the image data thus obtained are compared with the eyeglass frame data saved in the data processing and data output device, and software saved in the data processing and data output device identifies and outputs the desired parameters as measured values of the eyeglasses relating to the test subject, characterized in that - a stereo camera system (4) is used as the electronic image recording device, said system being fixed at the level of the mirror (3) symmetrically to its central longitudinal axis and its cameras having permanently defined optical axes, - in that the correction data for the camera of the stereo camera system (4) as well as their image scales and information about their positions in the room are additionally stored in the data processing and data output device, - in that the test subject (1) directs his view to the reflection of his head that appears in the virtual mirror plane (5) by looking into his own eyes, - in that, from this moment, the cameras of the stereo camera system (4) simultaneously record an image of at least the region of the test subject's (1) head that is provided with the eyeglass frame (2), and - in that the direction, distance and elevation of the obtained image data are calculated by software and using the saved correction data, image scales and position information, wherein the available position-related size changes and distortions can be offset by correction calculations.
are saved, wherein the electronic image recording device photographically records at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame, the image data thus obtained are compared with the eyeglass frame data saved in the data processing and data output device, and software saved in the data processing and data output device identifies and outputs the desired parameters as measured values of the eyeglasses relating to the test subject, characterized in that - a stereo camera system (4) is used as the electronic image recording device, said system being fixed at the level of the mirror (3) symmetrically to its central longitudinal axis and its cameras having permanently defined optical axes, - in that the correction data for the camera of the stereo camera system (4) as well as their image scales and information about their positions in the room are additionally stored in the data processing and data output device, - in that the test subject (1) directs his view to the reflection of his head that appears in the virtual mirror plane (5) by looking into his own eyes, - in that, from this moment, the cameras of the stereo camera system (4) simultaneously record an image of at least the region of the test subject's (1) head that is provided with the eyeglass frame (2), and - in that the direction, distance and elevation of the obtained image data are calculated by software and using the saved correction data, image scales and position information, wherein the available position-related size changes and distortions can be offset by correction calculations.
2. An immobile video centering system for determining optical parameters of a test subject in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, comprising - an electronic image recording device that has at least two cameras, - a mirror arranged vertically to the spatial axis opposite the test subject at eye level, wherein the test subject is wearing an anatomically well-fitting eyeglass frame, and - a data processing and data output device, in which the parameters of the eyeglasses and the eyeglass frame, hereafter called "eyeglass frame data,"
are saved, wherein the electronic image recording device photographically records at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame, the image data thus obtained are compared with the eyeglass frame data saved in the data processing and data output device, and software saved in the data processing and data output device identifies and outputs the desired parameters as measured values of the eyeglasses relating to the test subject, characterized in that a stereo camera system (4) is used as an electronic image recording device, said system having cameras with known characteristic values and imaging properties, said cameras - having defined optical axes, - being fixed in position at a defined horizontal distance from each other and relative to the position of the test subject (1), - being permanently arranged at the same height and at the defined horizontal distance from each other at the level of the mirror (3) symmetrically to its central longitudinal axis, and - the focal distance, horizontal distance and distance range of the mirrors being selected such that each point in space within the measurement area is recorded by them, and in that - the characteristic values and specific imaging properties of the camera, - the specific imaging property "image size of the eyeglass frame (2)" as a function of the distance between the eyeglass frame (2) and the lens plane of the cameras, and - the specific imaging property "position of the concrete height ranges of the eyeglass frame (2) in the imaging areas of the cameras" as a function of the distance between the eyeglass frame (2) and the lens plane of the cameras are saved in the data processing and data output device.
are saved, wherein the electronic image recording device photographically records at least the region of the test subject's face occupied by the eyeglass frame, the image data thus obtained are compared with the eyeglass frame data saved in the data processing and data output device, and software saved in the data processing and data output device identifies and outputs the desired parameters as measured values of the eyeglasses relating to the test subject, characterized in that a stereo camera system (4) is used as an electronic image recording device, said system having cameras with known characteristic values and imaging properties, said cameras - having defined optical axes, - being fixed in position at a defined horizontal distance from each other and relative to the position of the test subject (1), - being permanently arranged at the same height and at the defined horizontal distance from each other at the level of the mirror (3) symmetrically to its central longitudinal axis, and - the focal distance, horizontal distance and distance range of the mirrors being selected such that each point in space within the measurement area is recorded by them, and in that - the characteristic values and specific imaging properties of the camera, - the specific imaging property "image size of the eyeglass frame (2)" as a function of the distance between the eyeglass frame (2) and the lens plane of the cameras, and - the specific imaging property "position of the concrete height ranges of the eyeglass frame (2) in the imaging areas of the cameras" as a function of the distance between the eyeglass frame (2) and the lens plane of the cameras are saved in the data processing and data output device.
3. The immobile video centering device according to claim 2, characterized in that the cameras are located at mid-height of the mirror (3).
4. The immobile video centering system according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the cameras have a fixed focal distance.
5. The immobile video centering system according to claim 4, characterized in that the cameras have the same focal distance.
6. The immobile video centering system according to one of claims 2 through 5, characterized in that the optical axes (8) of the cameras in the horizontal plane are oriented at a particular angle slightly relative to each other.
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| PCT/DE2015/000446 WO2016041536A1 (en) | 2014-09-16 | 2015-09-16 | Method for determining optical parameters of a test subject with measurement accuracy in order to adapt a pair of eyeglasses to the test subject, and immobile video centering system |
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| CN107250718B (en) * | 2015-03-10 | 2019-11-15 | 豪雅镜片泰国有限公司 | Eyeglasses-wearing parameter measuring apparatus, eyeglasses-wearing parameter measurement program and position designation method |
| ES2714172T5 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2022-09-07 | Zeiss Carl Vision Int Gmbh | Method and device as well as a computer program for determining a representation of an eyeglass lens edge |
| ES2789583T3 (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2020-10-26 | Essilor Int | Method and apparatus for determining the reference posture of the head of a subject |
| US10685457B2 (en) | 2018-11-15 | 2020-06-16 | Vision Service Plan | Systems and methods for visualizing eyewear on a user |
| EP4249994A1 (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-27 | Essilor International | Improved detection of an outline of a spectacle frame |
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| DE102005003699B4 (en) * | 2005-01-26 | 2018-07-05 | Rodenstock Gmbh | Apparatus and method for determining optical parameters of a user; A computer program product |
| DE102010007922A1 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2011-08-18 | Carl Zeiss Vision GmbH, 73430 | Device for determining distance between pupils of person, has image recording device receiving image of portion of face of person, and data processing device determining distance between pupils of person by triangulation method |
| DE102010015795A1 (en) | 2010-04-20 | 2011-10-20 | Hans-Joachim Ollendorf | Video centering system with visual field evaluation |
| DE102011009646B4 (en) * | 2011-01-27 | 2018-02-08 | Hans-Joachim Ollendorf | Video centering system and method for determining centering data for spectacle lenses |
| DE102011115239B4 (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2016-02-11 | Rodenstock Gmbh | Determination of the disc shape taking into account tracer data |
| DE102012007831B4 (en) * | 2012-04-19 | 2016-02-04 | Rodenstock Gmbh | Apparatus and method for determining the individual parameters of a spectacle wearer |
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