CA2921348C - Novel medication dispenser - Google Patents
Novel medication dispenser Download PDFInfo
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- CA2921348C CA2921348C CA2921348A CA2921348A CA2921348C CA 2921348 C CA2921348 C CA 2921348C CA 2921348 A CA2921348 A CA 2921348A CA 2921348 A CA2921348 A CA 2921348A CA 2921348 C CA2921348 C CA 2921348C
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- medication
- compartments
- pouch
- medication dispenser
- dispenser
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J7/00—Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
- A61J7/0076—Medicament distribution means
- A61J7/0084—Medicament distribution means for multiple medicaments
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61J—CONTAINERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR MEDICAL OR PHARMACEUTICAL PURPOSES; DEVICES OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR BRINGING PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS INTO PARTICULAR PHYSICAL OR ADMINISTERING FORMS; DEVICES FOR ADMINISTERING FOOD OR MEDICINES ORALLY; BABY COMFORTERS; DEVICES FOR RECEIVING SPITTLE
- A61J7/00—Devices for administering medicines orally, e.g. spoons; Pill counting devices; Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine
- A61J7/04—Arrangements for time indication or reminder for taking medicine, e.g. programmed dispensers
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Medication dispenser comprising: an array of compartments, each one of said compartments adapted to receive at least one pouch containing medication; and means for identifying each compartment; wherein each one of said compartments having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair and the sides defining said length having an indentation to adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
Description
NOVEL MEDICATION DISPSENSER
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to a device to help patients handle and keep track of multiple medications, more specifically, to a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The most common problems encountered in the health care system is patient compliance. Patients might do the following: continue to take medications that has been stopped by the doctor; continue to take medications that has expired but they still have it in their stock; take the wrong strength of the medication;
take the medication at the wrong time; mixing up their medications leading to drug-drug interactions; taking their medications with or without food leading to drug-food interaction;
taking another patient's medication by error if they live in the same facility; forgetting to take their medications all together.
Patient's non-compliance is usually due to: ageing (as people grow older they tend to be more forgetful; disability (whether cognitive or physical); poor communication with appropriate health care provider; and carelessness.
The consequences of non-compliance can be detrimental to both patient and the economy.
Researchers have shown that the impact of non-compliance on patient outcomes.
Each year drug non-compliance is the cause of: 10% of all hospital admissions; 25% of hospital admissions for the elderly; 23%
of all nursing home admissions; and adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of patient mortality.
Not only will closing the medication adherence gap be expected to improve the quality of healthcare, and promote enhanced patient outcomes but it is also expected to encourage better chronic care management as well as also significantly reducing the overall cost to Canadian healthcare system.
Moreover, some financial impact on the healthcare system from medication non-adherence is estimated to annually cost of the Canadian healthcare system between $7 billion and $9 billion. These costs include additional physician visits, extra laboratory tests, additional drug therapy, hospital ER visits, hospital admissions and short-term disability insurance payments.
Current approaches to improve compliance: current weekly organizers have the same layout in terms of days of the week and number of doses per day. They are known as blister packs and commonly called bubble packs. However, these blister packs are filled in by hand. The tablets are placed in the palm of the hand and filled one by one into the designated slots increasing the chances of contamination. The blister packs are available as one-piece equivalent to a one-week supply.
There are increased chances of error as the pills could be misplaced during the filling process. If a patient's medication regimen is altered, the entire blister pack has to be deblistered and refilled right from the beginning. During the process of filling the pills may be scattered or dropped on the floor thus increasing the waste to the pharmacy and polluting the environment. It is labour consuming as a technician or a pharmacist has to fill the medications one by one into each slot. Interruptions during the filling process increases the chance of errors placing and labelling the medications. Blister packs for a whole treatment such as weekly or monthly treatment tend to be large and require the somewhat tricky task of popping the blister to retrieve multiple tablets, capsules or the like. If one desires is out of the house when it is time for the dosage, one must either skip the dose, delay the dose or carry loose tablets until the dosage time.
In light of the above, there is still an unmet need to provide a more convenient way for a patient to self-administer medications provided to him/her while taking into account all of the possible convenience issues or changes in dosage which may occur during a treatment regimen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser comprising a rectangular array within which pouches filled with medication are inserted for dispensing medication to the patient at the appropriate time.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a procedure to fill the medication dispenser/pouch organizer. Preferably, each pouch is filled and sealed prior to being inserted into their respective compartments in the medication dispenser. Preferably, this method is performed by a machine. More preferably, the machine is programmable so as to be capable of filing medication pouches. Once the pouches are filled, they are placed into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medication dispenser comprising:
- an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and - means for identifying each compartment.
Preferably, the medication dispenser further comprises means to alert a user as to the time to take a medication from a specified compartment.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention is directed to a device to help patients handle and keep track of multiple medications, more specifically, to a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The most common problems encountered in the health care system is patient compliance. Patients might do the following: continue to take medications that has been stopped by the doctor; continue to take medications that has expired but they still have it in their stock; take the wrong strength of the medication;
take the medication at the wrong time; mixing up their medications leading to drug-drug interactions; taking their medications with or without food leading to drug-food interaction;
taking another patient's medication by error if they live in the same facility; forgetting to take their medications all together.
Patient's non-compliance is usually due to: ageing (as people grow older they tend to be more forgetful; disability (whether cognitive or physical); poor communication with appropriate health care provider; and carelessness.
The consequences of non-compliance can be detrimental to both patient and the economy.
Researchers have shown that the impact of non-compliance on patient outcomes.
Each year drug non-compliance is the cause of: 10% of all hospital admissions; 25% of hospital admissions for the elderly; 23%
of all nursing home admissions; and adverse drug reactions are a leading cause of patient mortality.
Not only will closing the medication adherence gap be expected to improve the quality of healthcare, and promote enhanced patient outcomes but it is also expected to encourage better chronic care management as well as also significantly reducing the overall cost to Canadian healthcare system.
Moreover, some financial impact on the healthcare system from medication non-adherence is estimated to annually cost of the Canadian healthcare system between $7 billion and $9 billion. These costs include additional physician visits, extra laboratory tests, additional drug therapy, hospital ER visits, hospital admissions and short-term disability insurance payments.
Current approaches to improve compliance: current weekly organizers have the same layout in terms of days of the week and number of doses per day. They are known as blister packs and commonly called bubble packs. However, these blister packs are filled in by hand. The tablets are placed in the palm of the hand and filled one by one into the designated slots increasing the chances of contamination. The blister packs are available as one-piece equivalent to a one-week supply.
There are increased chances of error as the pills could be misplaced during the filling process. If a patient's medication regimen is altered, the entire blister pack has to be deblistered and refilled right from the beginning. During the process of filling the pills may be scattered or dropped on the floor thus increasing the waste to the pharmacy and polluting the environment. It is labour consuming as a technician or a pharmacist has to fill the medications one by one into each slot. Interruptions during the filling process increases the chance of errors placing and labelling the medications. Blister packs for a whole treatment such as weekly or monthly treatment tend to be large and require the somewhat tricky task of popping the blister to retrieve multiple tablets, capsules or the like. If one desires is out of the house when it is time for the dosage, one must either skip the dose, delay the dose or carry loose tablets until the dosage time.
In light of the above, there is still an unmet need to provide a more convenient way for a patient to self-administer medications provided to him/her while taking into account all of the possible convenience issues or changes in dosage which may occur during a treatment regimen.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser comprising a rectangular array within which pouches filled with medication are inserted for dispensing medication to the patient at the appropriate time.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a procedure to fill the medication dispenser/pouch organizer. Preferably, each pouch is filled and sealed prior to being inserted into their respective compartments in the medication dispenser. Preferably, this method is performed by a machine. More preferably, the machine is programmable so as to be capable of filing medication pouches. Once the pouches are filled, they are placed into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medication dispenser comprising:
- an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and - means for identifying each compartment.
Preferably, the medication dispenser further comprises means to alert a user as to the time to take a medication from a specified compartment.
2 Also preferably, the means for identifying the compartments comprises a first row located at a top of said array and a first column located at a side of said array. More preferably, the medication is present in each compartment in the form of a pouch. Preferably, the pouch is made of a plastic material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for filling a medication dispenser for use in a patient's self-medicated treatment program, said method comprising:
- providing a medication dispenser comprising:
o an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and o means for identifying each compartment;
- providing a plurality of pouches adapted to receive medications;
- providing at least two medications;
- filling each one of the plurality of pouches according to medication needs of the patient's treatment program;
- sealing each one of the plurality of pouches; and - inserting each one of the plurality of pouches into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
Preferably, the filling and sealing steps are performed by a machine. More preferably, the filling and sealing steps are performed by an automated machine.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for filling a medication dispenser for use in a patient's self-medicated treatment program without human handling of the medication during the filling process, said method comprising:
- providing a medication dispenser comprising:
o an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and o means for identifying each compartment;
- providing a plurality of pouches adapted to receive medications;
- providing at least two medications;
- filling each one of the plurality of pouches according to medication needs of the patient's treatment program;
- sealing each one of the plurality of pouches; and - inserting each one of the plurality of pouches into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for filling a medication dispenser for use in a patient's self-medicated treatment program, said method comprising:
- providing a medication dispenser comprising:
o an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and o means for identifying each compartment;
- providing a plurality of pouches adapted to receive medications;
- providing at least two medications;
- filling each one of the plurality of pouches according to medication needs of the patient's treatment program;
- sealing each one of the plurality of pouches; and - inserting each one of the plurality of pouches into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
Preferably, the filling and sealing steps are performed by a machine. More preferably, the filling and sealing steps are performed by an automated machine.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for filling a medication dispenser for use in a patient's self-medicated treatment program without human handling of the medication during the filling process, said method comprising:
- providing a medication dispenser comprising:
o an array of compartments adapted to receive medication; and o means for identifying each compartment;
- providing a plurality of pouches adapted to receive medications;
- providing at least two medications;
- filling each one of the plurality of pouches according to medication needs of the patient's treatment program;
- sealing each one of the plurality of pouches; and - inserting each one of the plurality of pouches into the appropriate compartment on the medication dispenser.
3 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
The present invention may be better understood in consideration of the following description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:
Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a one-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a four-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As seen in Figure 1 and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basic structure of a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser (1) for a weekly supply comprises:
28 compartments (4) arranged in a 4*7 pattern matrix (or rectangular array);
a first labelling bar (3), which can be located either at the top of the matrix or at the bottom;
a second labelling bar (2) located on the side (which can be either on the right or the left side of the matrix) According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medication dispenser comprising:
- an array of compartments, each one of said compartments adapted to receive at least one pouch containing medication; and - means for identifying each compartment;
wherein each one of said compartments having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair and the sides defining said length having an indentation adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
The present invention may be better understood in consideration of the following description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying figures, in which:
Figure 1 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a one-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a four-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and Figure 4 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
As seen in Figure 1 and according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basic structure of a pharmaceutical formulation dispenser (1) for a weekly supply comprises:
28 compartments (4) arranged in a 4*7 pattern matrix (or rectangular array);
a first labelling bar (3), which can be located either at the top of the matrix or at the bottom;
a second labelling bar (2) located on the side (which can be either on the right or the left side of the matrix) According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a medication dispenser comprising:
- an array of compartments, each one of said compartments adapted to receive at least one pouch containing medication; and - means for identifying each compartment;
wherein each one of said compartments having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair and the sides defining said length having an indentation adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
4 According to a preferred embodiment, the purpose of the 28 compartments is to hold the medication pouches (not shown) in place until they are used by the patient. As seen in Figure 1, each one of said compartments (4) having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides (5) being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair (6) and the sides defining said length (6) having an indentation (7) to adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
The compartments are arranged in 4*7 pattern (4 doses a day and 7 days a week). The compartments can have various dimensions depending on the model. A preferred embodiment offers compartments of the following dimensions: L 4.5 cm / W; 1.5 cm / Depth: 4.5 cm (Empirical = 1.77 *
0.59 * 1.69 inches). In this embodiment, the top bar is divided into 5 sections identified as follows: Week # -Breakfast - Lunch - Dinner ¨ Bedtime. The side bar is divided into 7 sections identified as follows: Sun - Mon - Tue - Wed - Thu - Fri - Sat. The medication dispenser is an array that contains the medication pouches. The medication dispenser could hold one week or more (up to 4 weeks) supply of the medication.
Using the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can help tackle and overcome some or all of the prior art problems.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser enables patients to take their medications correctly. It allows one to organize medications (and/or other substance that need timely administration) to improve patient compliance. The medications are contained in a pouch (also called unit dose, sachet, pill pack, medication enclosement, etc) and the pouches are placed in the dispenser according to what time the contents of the pouches are to be taken.
According to a preferred embodiment, the pills are filled automatically in pouches eliminating the unsanitary conditions associated with hand filling. According to a preferred embodiment, the pills are totally separated allowing the patient to carry them as single doses if they are going on an outing.
According to another preferred embodiment, the process of pouch filling is automated thus significantly reducing the chances of misplacement.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, any changes in patient's medication regimen could be accommodated easily.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automation of pouch filling would eliminate dropping or scattering of pills.
The entire process is much less labour consuming and significantly improves the workflow while reducing the chances of errors.
Alternative embodiments of the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser can include the top bar to be extended to include more variations for example before/after Breakfast.
Another alternative embodiment of the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser according to the present invention can comprise an extension of the side bar to include more than 1 week for example 10/14 days of medication supply.
Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (21) for a four-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (31) for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (41) for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an alarm using light and/or sound is present to remind the patients of the time to take their dose.
The choice of material to manufacture the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser is ideally plastic, but could be made of wood, carton, tin or any other material which would be safe to be in contact with pharmaceutical formulations.
Preferably, the compartment size may vary according to the pouch size and the number of tablets, capsules, or the like which need to be administered.
Although a few embodiments have been described, it will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein. The terms and expressions used in the above description have been used herein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the invention is defined and limited only by the claims that follow.
The compartments are arranged in 4*7 pattern (4 doses a day and 7 days a week). The compartments can have various dimensions depending on the model. A preferred embodiment offers compartments of the following dimensions: L 4.5 cm / W; 1.5 cm / Depth: 4.5 cm (Empirical = 1.77 *
0.59 * 1.69 inches). In this embodiment, the top bar is divided into 5 sections identified as follows: Week # -Breakfast - Lunch - Dinner ¨ Bedtime. The side bar is divided into 7 sections identified as follows: Sun - Mon - Tue - Wed - Thu - Fri - Sat. The medication dispenser is an array that contains the medication pouches. The medication dispenser could hold one week or more (up to 4 weeks) supply of the medication.
Using the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention can help tackle and overcome some or all of the prior art problems.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser enables patients to take their medications correctly. It allows one to organize medications (and/or other substance that need timely administration) to improve patient compliance. The medications are contained in a pouch (also called unit dose, sachet, pill pack, medication enclosement, etc) and the pouches are placed in the dispenser according to what time the contents of the pouches are to be taken.
According to a preferred embodiment, the pills are filled automatically in pouches eliminating the unsanitary conditions associated with hand filling. According to a preferred embodiment, the pills are totally separated allowing the patient to carry them as single doses if they are going on an outing.
According to another preferred embodiment, the process of pouch filling is automated thus significantly reducing the chances of misplacement.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, any changes in patient's medication regimen could be accommodated easily.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the automation of pouch filling would eliminate dropping or scattering of pills.
The entire process is much less labour consuming and significantly improves the workflow while reducing the chances of errors.
Alternative embodiments of the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser can include the top bar to be extended to include more variations for example before/after Breakfast.
Another alternative embodiment of the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser according to the present invention can comprise an extension of the side bar to include more than 1 week for example 10/14 days of medication supply.
Figure 2 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (21) for a four-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (31) for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 is a top perspective view of a medication dispenser (41) for a two-week supply according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an alarm using light and/or sound is present to remind the patients of the time to take their dose.
The choice of material to manufacture the novel pharmaceutical formulation dispenser is ideally plastic, but could be made of wood, carton, tin or any other material which would be safe to be in contact with pharmaceutical formulations.
Preferably, the compartment size may vary according to the pouch size and the number of tablets, capsules, or the like which need to be administered.
Although a few embodiments have been described, it will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the embodiments described herein. The terms and expressions used in the above description have been used herein as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, it being recognized that the invention is defined and limited only by the claims that follow.
Claims (5)
1. Medication dispenser comprising:
- an array of compartments;
- means for identifying each compartment; and - a plurality of discrete, sealed pouches containing medication, each one of said compartments containing at least one pouch;
wherein each one of said compartments having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair and the sides defining said length having an indentation adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
- an array of compartments;
- means for identifying each compartment; and - a plurality of discrete, sealed pouches containing medication, each one of said compartments containing at least one pouch;
wherein each one of said compartments having a length, a width and a depth and comprising a bottom, a first and a second pair of opposite sides connected to said bottom, said first pair of opposite sides being connected to the adjacent sides of the second pair and the sides defining said length having an indentation adapted for finger insertion to allow for grasping of said pouch by a user.
2. The medication dispenser according to claim 1 further comprising means to alert a user as to the time to take a medication from a specified compartment.
3. Medication dispenser according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the means for identifying the compartments comprises a first row located at a top of said array and a first column located at a side of said array.
4. Medication dispenser according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each pouch is made of a flexible material.
5. Medication dispenser according to claim 4, wherein each pouch is made of a plastic material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2921348A CA2921348C (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Novel medication dispenser |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2921348A CA2921348C (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Novel medication dispenser |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2921348A1 CA2921348A1 (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CA2921348C true CA2921348C (en) | 2020-11-17 |
Family
ID=59593761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2921348A Active CA2921348C (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Novel medication dispenser |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2921348C (en) |
-
2016
- 2016-02-18 CA CA2921348A patent/CA2921348C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2921348A1 (en) | 2017-08-18 |
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