CA2914430C - Apparatus for frac ball catching - Google Patents
Apparatus for frac ball catching Download PDFInfo
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- CA2914430C CA2914430C CA2914430A CA2914430A CA2914430C CA 2914430 C CA2914430 C CA 2914430C CA 2914430 A CA2914430 A CA 2914430A CA 2914430 A CA2914430 A CA 2914430A CA 2914430 C CA2914430 C CA 2914430C
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 216
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/02—Surface sealing or packing
- E21B33/03—Well heads; Setting-up thereof
- E21B33/068—Well heads; Setting-up thereof having provision for introducing objects or fluids into, or removing objects from, wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2607—Surface equipment specially adapted for fracturing operations
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Details Of Valves (AREA)
Abstract
There is provided an apparatus for ball catching and a system including the apparatus. The apparatus includes a body, a chamber, a rotatable plug and a screen. The apparatus is generally configured to collect balls while preventing the passage of the at least one ball during collection of balls from the chamber and allow for removal of collected balls without disrupting the fluid flow. The system includes a frac tree configured to connect to a wellhead, a ball catcher, and downstream equipment.
Description
APPARATUS FOR FRAC BALL CATCHING
Cross-Reference to Related Applications This application claims priority from Canadian Patent Application 2,876,603, filed Jan. 6, 2015.
Technical Field 100011 This disclosure relates in general to an apparatus for oil and gas recovery and, in particular, to an improved apparatus for ball catching during oil and gas recovery operations.
Background of the Disclosure
Cross-Reference to Related Applications This application claims priority from Canadian Patent Application 2,876,603, filed Jan. 6, 2015.
Technical Field 100011 This disclosure relates in general to an apparatus for oil and gas recovery and, in particular, to an improved apparatus for ball catching during oil and gas recovery operations.
Background of the Disclosure
[0002] Hydraulic fracturing (also referred to as fracking) is a technique used to improve recovery rates in oil and gas wells. Typically, fracking involves pumping a fluid containing a proppant (e.g. sand, ceramic beads) down the well and into the formation from which oil or gas is to be recovered. The fluid creates or enlarges fissures in the formation, and the proppant prevents the fissures from closing when pumping of the fluid ceases. After the pumping of fracking fluid down the well ceases, well fluid, which may contain oil or gas, is allowed to flow up the well for recovery.
[0003] In some well operations, it is desirable to isolate different zones of the formation through which the well extends before pumping fracturing fluid down the well, in order to fracture only a particular zone. The above-mentioned isolation is often achieved by inserting frac balls into the well. The frac balls, carried down the well by the fracturing fluid, seal against seats within the well casing, and actuate devices which restrict the fracturing fluid contact to only the Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 desired portion or stage of the well. Once the fracking operation is complete, the well fluid flowing up the well carries the frac balls with it.
[0004] When the well fluid and frac balls reach the frac tree connected to the top of the well, they are directed to a ball catcher mechanism, which generally includes a horizontal member extending from the well, and a vertical chamber depending from the horizontal member. The well fluid and frac balls flow from the well through the horizontal member, and the frac balls fall into the vertical chamber while well fluid flows to downstream equipment. The ball catcher can then be isolated from the horizontal member and the balls can be recovered.
[0005] In known solutions of separating debris and/or balls from a fluid flow, a screen or filter is used within the flow line to catch the debris and/or balls. This screen or filter may be designed with holes that are small enough to prevent debris and/or balls from passing and thus removing the debris and/or balls from the fluid flow. Some prior art designs exist which allow for removal of debris and/or balls from the screen without stopping the fluid flow.
[0006] For example, U.S. Patent No. 2,977,616 discloses a pig ball receiver 20 adapted to receive or recover a pig ball 21 from a flow line 22 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The principal purpose of the pig ball 21 is to remove deposits from the walls of the flow line 22. FIG. 1 shows the pig ball receiver 20 with a valve 23 in a first position for receiving the pig ball 21. FIG. 2 shows the pig ball receiver 20 with the valve 23 in a second position for preventing flow into a receiver housing 24 to allow for removal of the pig ball 21.
[0007] As another example, Canadian patent 2,635,852 discloses a ball catcher 25 fluidly connected to a wellhead port 26 to receive well bore fluids and balls 27 carried therewith, as shown in FIG. 3. The ball catcher 25 includes an isolation valve 28 to isolate the ball recovery chamber 29 temporarily from the catcher body 30 for servicing.
Summary
Summary
[0008] In an aspect, there is provided an apparatus for ball catching. The apparatus includes a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball. The apparatus further includes a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving at least one ball. In addition, the apparatus includes a rotatable plug disposed within the body, the rotatable plug having at least three channels in communication with each other, wherein each of the three channels is configured to align with the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet. Furthermore, the apparatus includes a blockage disposed within one of the at least three channels, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of at least one ball and permit the passage of fluid, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between a first position in which at least one ball is permitted to enter the body and is prevented from exiting the body and in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body, a second position in which fluid is prevented from exiting the body, and a third position in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body and is prevented from entering the chamber.
[00091 In certain embodiments, the apparatus may include a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow of the fluid.
[0010] In certain embodiments, the wing valve may be connected upstream from the body.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 [0011] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
[0012] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a cleanout port for removing at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the third position.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet may be in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be disposed within the channel aligned with the fluid outlet to encourage at least one ball toward the ball-collection outlet when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
[0015] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be welded to the rotatable plug.
[0016] In certain embodiments, the blockage is a plug screen, and the plug screen may include holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
[0017] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include a diverter screen disposed within the fluid outlet, the diverter screen for supporting the plug screen and preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet.
[0018] In certain embodiments, the diverter screen may provide additional support for the blockage.
[0019] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus for ball catching.
The apparatus includes a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball.
Furthermore, the apparatus includes a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving at least one ball. In addition, the apparatus includes a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of at least one ball and permit the passage of fluid. The apparatus also includes a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter via the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
[0020] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may include a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow of the fluid.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the wing valve may be connected upstream from the body.
[0022] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
[0023] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a cleanout port for removing at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet may be in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the open position.
[0025] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be welded to the body.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the blockage is a diverter screen, and the diverter screen may include holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
[0027] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus for ball catching. The apparatus includes an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball into a body. In addition, the apparatus includes a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body.
Furthermore, the apparatus includes a ball-collection outlet for permitting at least one ball to enter a chamber, the chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet. The apparatus also includes prevention means for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet. The apparatus further includes a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for controlling flow of fluid.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the means for controlling flow of fluid may be connected upstream from the body.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for relieving pressure when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0031] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for removing at least one ball from the chamber when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the means for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet may be fixed to the body.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 [0033] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through the fluid outlet.
[0034] In another aspect, there is provided a system for hydraulic fracturing of a well. The system includes a frac tree configured to connect to a wellhead of a well and configured to receive fluid and at least one ball from the wellhead. The system also includes a ball catcher connected to the frac tree. The ball catcher includes a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball; a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving at least one ball; a blockage within the fluid outlet, the blockage for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet. The system further includes downstream equipment connected to the fluid outlet of the ball catcher, the downstream equipment configured to process the fluid.
Description of the Figures [0035] The accompanying drawings facilitate an understanding of the various embodiments:
[0036] FIG 1 is a schematic representation of an example of a prior art apparatus in an open position;
[0037] FIG 2 is a schematic representation of the prior art apparatus of FIG. 1 in an closed position;
[0038] FIG 3 is a schematic representation of another example of a prior art apparatus in an open position;
[0039] FIG 4 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in a first position in accordance with an embodiment;
[0040] FIG 5 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 4 in a second position;
[0041] FIG 6 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 4 in a third position;
[0042] FIG 7 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in an open position in accordance with another embodiment;
[0043] FIG 8 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in an intermediate position;
[0044] FIG 9 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in a closed position;
[0045] FIG 10a is a front view of a screen of the apparatus of FIG. 7;
[0046] FIG 10b is a side view of a screen of the apparatus of FIG. 7;
[0047] FIG 11 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in an open position in accordance with another embodiment;
[0048] FIG 12 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 11 in an intermediate position;
[0049] FIG 13 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 11 in a closed position; and [0050] FIG 14 is a schematic representation of a system for hydraulic fracturing in accordance with an embodiment.
Detailed Description [0051] Referring now to FIG. 4, an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50. It is to be understood that the apparatus 50 is purely exemplary, and that variations are contemplated.
The apparatus 50 includes a body 52, a chamber 54, a rotatable plug 56, and a screen 58 within the rotatable plug 56.
[0052] In the present embodiment, the body 52 includes an inlet 60 for receiving fluid flow A and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. It is to be appreciated that the fluid flow A is not particularly limited and can be a liquid or gas and can contain solids, such as debris or proppant. The body 52 also includes a fluid outlet 62 for permitting fluid to exit body 52. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52, and the fluid that exits body 52 is generally delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment.
The body 52 further includes a ball-collection outlet 64 for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52.
[00091 In certain embodiments, the apparatus may include a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow of the fluid.
[0010] In certain embodiments, the wing valve may be connected upstream from the body.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 [0011] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
[0012] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a cleanout port for removing at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the third position.
[0013] In certain embodiments, the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet may be in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
[0014] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be disposed within the channel aligned with the fluid outlet to encourage at least one ball toward the ball-collection outlet when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
[0015] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be welded to the rotatable plug.
[0016] In certain embodiments, the blockage is a plug screen, and the plug screen may include holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
[0017] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include a diverter screen disposed within the fluid outlet, the diverter screen for supporting the plug screen and preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet.
[0018] In certain embodiments, the diverter screen may provide additional support for the blockage.
[0019] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus for ball catching.
The apparatus includes a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball.
Furthermore, the apparatus includes a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving at least one ball. In addition, the apparatus includes a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of at least one ball and permit the passage of fluid. The apparatus also includes a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter via the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
[0020] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may include a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow of the fluid.
[0021] In certain embodiments, the wing valve may be connected upstream from the body.
[0022] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
[0023] In certain embodiments, the chamber may include a cleanout port for removing at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0024] In certain embodiments, the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet may be in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the open position.
[0025] In certain embodiments, the blockage may be welded to the body.
[0026] In certain embodiments, the blockage is a diverter screen, and the diverter screen may include holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
[0027] In another aspect, there is provided an apparatus for ball catching. The apparatus includes an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball into a body. In addition, the apparatus includes a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body.
Furthermore, the apparatus includes a ball-collection outlet for permitting at least one ball to enter a chamber, the chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet. The apparatus also includes prevention means for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet. The apparatus further includes a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
[0028] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for controlling flow of fluid.
[0029] In certain embodiments, the means for controlling flow of fluid may be connected upstream from the body.
[0030] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for relieving pressure when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0031] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for removing at least one ball from the chamber when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
[0032] In certain embodiments, the means for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet may be fixed to the body.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 [0033] In certain embodiments, the apparatus may further include means for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through the fluid outlet.
[0034] In another aspect, there is provided a system for hydraulic fracturing of a well. The system includes a frac tree configured to connect to a wellhead of a well and configured to receive fluid and at least one ball from the wellhead. The system also includes a ball catcher connected to the frac tree. The ball catcher includes a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball; a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving at least one ball; a blockage within the fluid outlet, the blockage for preventing the passage of at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between an open position that permits at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet. The system further includes downstream equipment connected to the fluid outlet of the ball catcher, the downstream equipment configured to process the fluid.
Description of the Figures [0035] The accompanying drawings facilitate an understanding of the various embodiments:
[0036] FIG 1 is a schematic representation of an example of a prior art apparatus in an open position;
[0037] FIG 2 is a schematic representation of the prior art apparatus of FIG. 1 in an closed position;
[0038] FIG 3 is a schematic representation of another example of a prior art apparatus in an open position;
[0039] FIG 4 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in a first position in accordance with an embodiment;
[0040] FIG 5 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 4 in a second position;
[0041] FIG 6 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 4 in a third position;
[0042] FIG 7 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in an open position in accordance with another embodiment;
[0043] FIG 8 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in an intermediate position;
[0044] FIG 9 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 7 in a closed position;
[0045] FIG 10a is a front view of a screen of the apparatus of FIG. 7;
[0046] FIG 10b is a side view of a screen of the apparatus of FIG. 7;
[0047] FIG 11 is a schematic representation of an apparatus in an open position in accordance with another embodiment;
[0048] FIG 12 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 11 in an intermediate position;
[0049] FIG 13 is a schematic representation of the apparatus of FIG. 11 in a closed position; and [0050] FIG 14 is a schematic representation of a system for hydraulic fracturing in accordance with an embodiment.
Detailed Description [0051] Referring now to FIG. 4, an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50. It is to be understood that the apparatus 50 is purely exemplary, and that variations are contemplated.
The apparatus 50 includes a body 52, a chamber 54, a rotatable plug 56, and a screen 58 within the rotatable plug 56.
[0052] In the present embodiment, the body 52 includes an inlet 60 for receiving fluid flow A and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. It is to be appreciated that the fluid flow A is not particularly limited and can be a liquid or gas and can contain solids, such as debris or proppant. The body 52 also includes a fluid outlet 62 for permitting fluid to exit body 52. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52, and the fluid that exits body 52 is generally delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment.
The body 52 further includes a ball-collection outlet 64 for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52.
9 [0053] The chamber 54 is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54 is connected to the ball-collection outlet 64 with a flange.
In the present embodiment, the chamber 54 is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64. The chamber 54 can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54 also includes a drain valve 66 generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68 generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54.
[0054] The rotatable plug 56 is disposed within the body 52. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56 has three channels in fluid communication with each other forming a "T"
connection. Each of the channels is generally configured to align with each of the inlet 60, the fluid outlet 62, and the ball-collection outlet 64. In the present embodiment, the body 52 and the rotatable plug 56 form a three-way plug valve where the rotatable plug 56 can freely rotate within the body 52, which can be guided, for example, by a plurality of valve seats 57. It is to be appreciated that the rotatable plug 56 is not particularly limited and that variations are contemplated. For example, the rotatable plug 56 can include more or less than three channels, and the channels need not be at 90 degrees with respect with each other.
[0055] Screen 58 is disposed within one of the three channels and generally configured to prevent the passage of the frac ball 90 while allowing fluid to flow through screen 58. The screen 58 can be integral with the rotatable plug 56 (i.e. non-removable, such as welded) to increase the rigidity of the rotatable plug 56, or it can be removably attached to the channel for easy replacement and access for servicing. In addition, it is to be appreciated that the screen 58 can be inserted into other portions of the rotatable plug 56 or the body 52.
In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
100561 The screen 58 can encourage frac ball 90 toward the ball-collection outlet 64. For example, in the position illustrated in FIG. 4, the apparatus 50 is configured to receive the frac ball 90 along with fluid via the inlet 60 such that the fluid passes through the apparatus via the fluid outlet 62 and screen 58 encourages the frac ball 90 to enter the chamber 54 via the ball-collection outlet 64. Accordingly, apparatus 50 operates to separate the frac ball 90 from the fluid exiting outlet 62 when the rotatable plug 56 is in the position shown in FIG. 4, which permits frac ball 90 to be collected while fluid moves to downstream equipment.
[0057] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50 also includes an optional diverter screen 72 to further facilitate diverting the frac ball 90 into the chamber 54. The diverter screen extends into the fluid outlet 62 and is generally configured to divert the frac ball 90 away from the fluid outlet 62 and through the ball-collection outlet 64. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72 can provide additional support for the screen 58. Additionally, the diverter screen 72 can be configured to filter some of the debris that passes through the screen 58. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0058] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50 also optionally includes a wing valve 74 for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52 and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 5, the apparatus 50 is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56 in a second position for blocking the flow through the apparatus 50. In this position, channels of the rotatable plug 56 are aligned with the inlet 60 and the ball-collection outlet 64. The third channel is directed into the body 52 and effectively plugged. If valve 66 is closed, chamber 54 does not have an open outlet during use, and the apparatus 50 has stopped the fluid flow through apparatus 50. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58 is aligned above the chamber 54. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 is prevented from exiting body 52 into the chamber 54. In other embodiments, the wing valve 74 can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 5 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0060] Referring to FIG. 6, the apparatus 50 is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56 in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from entering the rotatable plug 56 and isolating the chamber 54. In this position, channels of the rotatable plug 56 are aligned with the inlet 60 and the fluid outlet 62. The third channel is directed into the body 52 and effectively plugged, and the ball-collection outlet 64 is effectively plugged by rotatable plug 56, isolating the chamber 54 from the fluid flow. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58 is aligned with the inlet 60 to prevent the frac ball 90 from entering body 52. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 would be prevented from entering body 52, while fluid is permitted to enter inlet 60 and exit the fluid outlet 62. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that in this position, since the chamber 54 is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54 can be opened at the cleanout port 68 to remove any balls therein without stopping the flow of fluid.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 7 to 9, another embodiment of an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50a. Like components of the apparatus 50a bear like reference to their counterparts in the apparatus 50, except followed by the suffix "a". The apparatus 50a includes a body 52a, a chamber 54a, a rotatable plug 56a, and a diverter screen 72a.
[0062] In the present embodiment, the body 52a includes an inlet 60a for receiving fluid flow A' and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. The body 52a also includes a fluid outlet 62a for permitting fluid to exit body 52a. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52a, and the fluid that exit body 52a can be delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment. The body 52a further includes a ball-collection outlet 64a for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52a.
[0063] The chamber 54a is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64a. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54a is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64a. The chamber 54a can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber Ma also includes a drain valve 66a generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54a. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68a generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54a.
[0064] The rotatable plug 56a is disposed within the body 52a and configured to be rotatable within a cavity of the body 52a. The manner by which the rotatable plug 56a is rotated is not particularly limited. For example, the rotatable plug 56a can be rotated using a lever or any other type of suitable valve handle. In other embodiments, the rotatable plug 56a can also be controlled with a motor capable of remote operation. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56a is shaped as a circular segment. In the open position shown in FIG.
7, the rotatable plug 56a is generally configured to allow fluid communication between the inlet 60a, the fluid outlet 62a, and the ball-collection outlet 64a. When in the open position, the rotatable plug 56a is positioned within a top portion of the cavity of the body 52a to allow fluid to enter the cavity from the inlet 60a and exit the body 52a via the fluid outlet 62a or the ball-collection outlet 64a.
During operation, the chamber 54a is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64a.
With drain valve 66a closed, pressure buildup in the chamber 54a would eventually limit further fluid flow through the ball-collection outlet 64a resulting in fluid flowing from the inlet 60a, through body 52a, and out of the fluid outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the range of motion of the rotatable plug 56a is not particularly limited. For example, the rotatable plug 56a can freely rotate within the cavity of the body 52a guided by, for example, a plurality of valve seats 57a. In other embodiments, the range of motion of the rotatable plug 56a can be limited to, for example, 180 degrees from the position illustrated in FIG. 7 to the position illustrated in FIG. 9.
[00651 The diverter screen 72a is disposed within the fluid outlet 62a and is generally configured to divert the frac ball 90 away from the fluid outlet 62a and through the ball-collection outlet 64a while allowing fluid and at least some debris to flow through the fluid outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72a is welded onto the sidewall of the outlet 62a using a weld joint 76a. However, the diverter screen 72a is not particularly limited and can be varied. For example, the diverter screen 72a can be removable from the fluid outlet 62a to facilitate replacement or servicing. In one application, the apparatus 50a is configured to accommodate a frac ball 90 having a diameter of at least about 7/8 inches.
Accordingly, as another example of a variation, the size of the diverter screen 72a can be modified to be larger or smaller for other applications, such as those in which a frac ball 90 has a larger or smaller diameter. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0066] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50a also includes a wing valve 74a for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52a and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52a.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 8, the apparatus 50a is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56a in a second position for preventing flow through the apparatus 50a. In this position, the rotatable plug 56a is aligned to prevent fluid from entering the fluid outlet 62a, stopping the fluid flow to, for example, downstream equipment. In some embodiments, the wing valve 74a can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 8 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 9, the apparatus 50a is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56a in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from flowing downstream and for preventing fluid and frac ball 90 from entering the chamber 54a while allowing fluid to flow from the inlet 60a to the fluid outlet 62a. In this position, the rotatable plug 56a is aligned with ball-collection outlet 64a to effectively isolate the chamber 54a from the fluid flow. In this position, the diverter screen 72a continues to prevent the frac ball 90 from passing through the fluid outlet 62a.
Furthermore, since the chamber 54a is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54a can be opened at the cleanout port 68a to, for example, remove any balls in chamber 54a without stopping the flow of fluid through body 52a.
[0069] Referring to FIGS. 10a and 10b, the diverter screen 72a is shown in greater detail. It is to be understood that the diverter screen 72a is purely exemplary, and a variety of diverter screens are contemplated for the present embodiment as well as other embodiments. The diverter screen 72a includes a face 100a, a side 105a, and a base 110a. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72a is a unitary body; however, it is to be appreciated that =
variations are contemplated. For example, the diverter screen 72a can be constructed from separate pieces that are welded or otherwise attached together.
100701 The face 100a is generally configured to allow fluid and at least some debris to pass through face 100a. In the present embodiment, the face 100a includes a plurality of circular holes 115a dimensioned to prevent the ball 90 as well as larger pieces of debris from passing through face 100a. It is to be understood that the face 100a is not particularly limited to any material and that several different types of materials are contemplated. In the present embodiment, the face 100a is a steel plate of sufficient thickness to stop the ball 90 in the fluid flow. The minimum thickness of face 100a can depend, for example, on the material of the face 100a.
100711 The side 105a is generally configured to allow fluid and at least some debris to continue along the fluid path and to support the face 100a within the outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the side 105a includes a plurality of slots 120a dimensioned to allow fluid and small debris to pass through slots 120a. In particular, each slot 120a extends almost the length of the side 105a from the face 100a to the base 110a. It is to be understood that the side 105a is not particularly limited to any material, and that several different types of materials are contemplated. In the present embodiment, the side 105a is made from steel. In other embodiments, side 105a can be replaced or supplemented by a plurality of support rods for supporting the face 100a while allowing fluid and debris to pass between adjacent rods. In the present embodiment, the side 105a is configured to allow substantially all debris to pass through via the slot 120a so that debris does not build up in the annular chamber formed between the diverter screen 72a and the sidewall of the outlet 62a. However, some further embodiments can be configured to prevent larger debris from passing through the side 105a of the diverter screen 72a.
[0072] The base 110a is generally configured to support the diverter screen 72a within the outlet 62a. In particular, the base 110a is configured to be welded to the sidewall of the outlet 62a using a weld joint 76a. It is to be understood that the base 110a is not particularly limited to any material and that several different types of materials are contemplated.
In the present embodiment, the base 110a is an annular steel ring.
[0073] The manner by which the diverter screen 72a is welded into the outlet 62a of the body 52a is not particularly limited. To encourage ball 90 to enter outlet 64a, for example, face 100a can be positioned substantially close to an end of the outlet 62a in the present embodiment.
[0074] Referring to FIGS. 11 to 13, another embodiment of an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50b. Like components of the apparatus 50b bear like reference to their counterparts in the apparatus 50, except followed by the suffix "b". The apparatus 50b includes a body 52b, a chamber 54b, a rotatable plug 56b, and a screen 58b within the rotatable plug 56b.
[0075] In the present embodiment, the body 52b includes an inlet 60b for receiving fluid flow A" and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. The body 52b also includes a fluid outlet 62b for permitting fluid to exit body 52b. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52b, and the fluid that exits body 52b is generally delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment. The body 52b further includes a ball-collection outlet 64b for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52b.
[0076] The chamber 54b is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64b. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54b is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64b. The chamber 54b can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54b also includes a drain valve 66b generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54b. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68b generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54b.
[0077] The rotatable plug 56b is disposed within the body 52b. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56b has three channels in fluid communication with each other forming a "T"
connection. Each of the channels is generally configured to align with each of the inlet 60b, the fluid outlet 62b, and the ball-collection outlet 64b. In the present embodiment, the body 52b and the rotatable plug 56b form a three-way plug valve where the rotatable plug 56b can freely rotate within the body 52b guided by, for example, a plurality of valve seats 57b. It is to be appreciated that the rotatable plug 56b is not particularly limited and that variations are contemplated. For example, the rotatable plug 56b can include more or less than three channels, and the channels need not be at 90 degrees with respect to each other.
[0078] The screen 58b is disposed within one of the three channels of the rotatable plug 56b and generally configured to prevent the passage of the frac ball 90 while allowing fluid to flow through screen 58b. The screen 58b is not particularly limited and can be integral with the rotatable plug 56b (i.e. non-removable, such as welded) to increase the rigidity of the rotatable plug 56b, or it can be removably attached to the channel for easy replacement and access for servicing.
[0079] Screen 58b can be used to encourage the movement of the frac ball 90 toward the ball-collection outlet 64b. For example, in the position illustrated in FIG.
11, the apparatus 50b is configured to receive the frac ball 90 along with fluid via the inlet 60b such that the fluid passes through the apparatus via the fluid outlet 62b and the frac ball 90 is prevented from passing through fluid outlet 62b and encouraged toward chamber ball-collection outlet 64b and into the chamber 54b. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0080] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50b also includes a wing valve 74b for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52b and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52b.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 12, the apparatus 50b is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56b in a second position for preventing flow through the apparatus 50b. In this position, the channels of the rotatable plug 56b are aligned with the inlet 60b and the ball-collection outlet 64b. The third channel is directed into the body 52b and effectively plugged. If drain valve 66b is closed, chamber 54b does not have an open outlet during use, and the apparatus 50b has stopped the fluid flow through apparatus 50b. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58b is aligned above the chamber 54b. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 would be prevented from exiting body 52b into the chamber 54b. In other embodiments, the wing valve 74b can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 12 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0082] Referring to FIG. 13, the apparatus 50b is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56b in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from entering the rotatable plug 56b and isolating the chamber 54b. In this position, the channels of the rotatable plug 56b are aligned with the inlet 60b and the fluid outlet 62b. The third channel is directed into the body 52b and effectively plugged, and the ball-collection outlet 64b is effectively plugged by rotatable plug 56b, isolating the chamber 54b from the fluid flow. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58b is aligned with the inlet 60b to prevent the frac ball 90 from entering the cavity of the body 52b. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 is prevented from entering body 52b, and fluid is permitted from entering body 52b and to exit the fluid outlet 62b. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that in this position, since the chamber 54b is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54b can be opened at the cleanout port 68b to remove any balls therein without stopping the flow of fluid through body 52b.
[0083] Referring to FIG. 14, a system for hydraulic fracturing of a well is shown at 500 including the apparatus 50. It is to be understood that the system 500 is purely exemplary and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of configurations are contemplated. For example, as an example of a variation, the apparatus 50a or 50b can be substituted. The system 500 further includes a frac tree 508 and downstream equipment 512. The downstream equipment 512 can include, for example, any combination of pipes, testing devices, storage vessels and the like. The frac tree 508 is connected, at a wellhead end 516, to a well 517 extending through a ground surface 518 to the underground formations from which the recovery of oil or gas is desired.
[0084] In the foregoing description of certain embodiments, specific terminology has been resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes other technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as "left" and right", "front" and "rear", "above" and "below" and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
[0085] In this specification, the word "comprising" is to be understood in its "open" sense, that is, in the sense of "including", and thus not limited to its "closed"
sense, that is the sense of "consisting only of'. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words "comprise", "comprised" and "comprises" where they appear.
[0086] In addition, the foregoing describes only some embodiments of the invention(s), and alterations, modifications, additions and/or changes can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments, the embodiments being illustrative and not restrictive.
[0087] Therefore, it is to be understood that many combinations, variations and subsets of the embodiments and teachings herein are contemplated. As a non-limiting example, the apparatus 50 can be modified with the variation of the diverter screen 72a described in relation to the apparatus 50a. As another non-limiting example, the apparatus 50 can omit the screen 58.
As yet another example of a substitution, the apparatus 50 of the system 500 can be substituted with either the apparatus 50a or 50b described above.
Furthermore, invention(s) have described in connection with what are presently considered to be the\ most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention(s). Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet other embodiments. Further, each independent feature or component of any given assembly may constitute an additional embodiment.
In the present embodiment, the chamber 54 is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64. The chamber 54 can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54 also includes a drain valve 66 generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68 generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54.
[0054] The rotatable plug 56 is disposed within the body 52. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56 has three channels in fluid communication with each other forming a "T"
connection. Each of the channels is generally configured to align with each of the inlet 60, the fluid outlet 62, and the ball-collection outlet 64. In the present embodiment, the body 52 and the rotatable plug 56 form a three-way plug valve where the rotatable plug 56 can freely rotate within the body 52, which can be guided, for example, by a plurality of valve seats 57. It is to be appreciated that the rotatable plug 56 is not particularly limited and that variations are contemplated. For example, the rotatable plug 56 can include more or less than three channels, and the channels need not be at 90 degrees with respect with each other.
[0055] Screen 58 is disposed within one of the three channels and generally configured to prevent the passage of the frac ball 90 while allowing fluid to flow through screen 58. The screen 58 can be integral with the rotatable plug 56 (i.e. non-removable, such as welded) to increase the rigidity of the rotatable plug 56, or it can be removably attached to the channel for easy replacement and access for servicing. In addition, it is to be appreciated that the screen 58 can be inserted into other portions of the rotatable plug 56 or the body 52.
In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
100561 The screen 58 can encourage frac ball 90 toward the ball-collection outlet 64. For example, in the position illustrated in FIG. 4, the apparatus 50 is configured to receive the frac ball 90 along with fluid via the inlet 60 such that the fluid passes through the apparatus via the fluid outlet 62 and screen 58 encourages the frac ball 90 to enter the chamber 54 via the ball-collection outlet 64. Accordingly, apparatus 50 operates to separate the frac ball 90 from the fluid exiting outlet 62 when the rotatable plug 56 is in the position shown in FIG. 4, which permits frac ball 90 to be collected while fluid moves to downstream equipment.
[0057] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50 also includes an optional diverter screen 72 to further facilitate diverting the frac ball 90 into the chamber 54. The diverter screen extends into the fluid outlet 62 and is generally configured to divert the frac ball 90 away from the fluid outlet 62 and through the ball-collection outlet 64. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72 can provide additional support for the screen 58. Additionally, the diverter screen 72 can be configured to filter some of the debris that passes through the screen 58. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0058] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50 also optionally includes a wing valve 74 for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52 and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52.
[0059] Referring to FIG. 5, the apparatus 50 is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56 in a second position for blocking the flow through the apparatus 50. In this position, channels of the rotatable plug 56 are aligned with the inlet 60 and the ball-collection outlet 64. The third channel is directed into the body 52 and effectively plugged. If valve 66 is closed, chamber 54 does not have an open outlet during use, and the apparatus 50 has stopped the fluid flow through apparatus 50. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58 is aligned above the chamber 54. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 is prevented from exiting body 52 into the chamber 54. In other embodiments, the wing valve 74 can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 5 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0060] Referring to FIG. 6, the apparatus 50 is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56 in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from entering the rotatable plug 56 and isolating the chamber 54. In this position, channels of the rotatable plug 56 are aligned with the inlet 60 and the fluid outlet 62. The third channel is directed into the body 52 and effectively plugged, and the ball-collection outlet 64 is effectively plugged by rotatable plug 56, isolating the chamber 54 from the fluid flow. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58 is aligned with the inlet 60 to prevent the frac ball 90 from entering body 52. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 would be prevented from entering body 52, while fluid is permitted to enter inlet 60 and exit the fluid outlet 62. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that in this position, since the chamber 54 is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54 can be opened at the cleanout port 68 to remove any balls therein without stopping the flow of fluid.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 7 to 9, another embodiment of an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50a. Like components of the apparatus 50a bear like reference to their counterparts in the apparatus 50, except followed by the suffix "a". The apparatus 50a includes a body 52a, a chamber 54a, a rotatable plug 56a, and a diverter screen 72a.
[0062] In the present embodiment, the body 52a includes an inlet 60a for receiving fluid flow A' and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. The body 52a also includes a fluid outlet 62a for permitting fluid to exit body 52a. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52a, and the fluid that exit body 52a can be delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment. The body 52a further includes a ball-collection outlet 64a for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52a.
[0063] The chamber 54a is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64a. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54a is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64a. The chamber 54a can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber Ma also includes a drain valve 66a generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54a. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68a generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54a.
[0064] The rotatable plug 56a is disposed within the body 52a and configured to be rotatable within a cavity of the body 52a. The manner by which the rotatable plug 56a is rotated is not particularly limited. For example, the rotatable plug 56a can be rotated using a lever or any other type of suitable valve handle. In other embodiments, the rotatable plug 56a can also be controlled with a motor capable of remote operation. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56a is shaped as a circular segment. In the open position shown in FIG.
7, the rotatable plug 56a is generally configured to allow fluid communication between the inlet 60a, the fluid outlet 62a, and the ball-collection outlet 64a. When in the open position, the rotatable plug 56a is positioned within a top portion of the cavity of the body 52a to allow fluid to enter the cavity from the inlet 60a and exit the body 52a via the fluid outlet 62a or the ball-collection outlet 64a.
During operation, the chamber 54a is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64a.
With drain valve 66a closed, pressure buildup in the chamber 54a would eventually limit further fluid flow through the ball-collection outlet 64a resulting in fluid flowing from the inlet 60a, through body 52a, and out of the fluid outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the range of motion of the rotatable plug 56a is not particularly limited. For example, the rotatable plug 56a can freely rotate within the cavity of the body 52a guided by, for example, a plurality of valve seats 57a. In other embodiments, the range of motion of the rotatable plug 56a can be limited to, for example, 180 degrees from the position illustrated in FIG. 7 to the position illustrated in FIG. 9.
[00651 The diverter screen 72a is disposed within the fluid outlet 62a and is generally configured to divert the frac ball 90 away from the fluid outlet 62a and through the ball-collection outlet 64a while allowing fluid and at least some debris to flow through the fluid outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72a is welded onto the sidewall of the outlet 62a using a weld joint 76a. However, the diverter screen 72a is not particularly limited and can be varied. For example, the diverter screen 72a can be removable from the fluid outlet 62a to facilitate replacement or servicing. In one application, the apparatus 50a is configured to accommodate a frac ball 90 having a diameter of at least about 7/8 inches.
Accordingly, as another example of a variation, the size of the diverter screen 72a can be modified to be larger or smaller for other applications, such as those in which a frac ball 90 has a larger or smaller diameter. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0066] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50a also includes a wing valve 74a for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52a and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52a.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 8, the apparatus 50a is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56a in a second position for preventing flow through the apparatus 50a. In this position, the rotatable plug 56a is aligned to prevent fluid from entering the fluid outlet 62a, stopping the fluid flow to, for example, downstream equipment. In some embodiments, the wing valve 74a can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 8 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0068] Referring to FIG. 9, the apparatus 50a is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56a in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from flowing downstream and for preventing fluid and frac ball 90 from entering the chamber 54a while allowing fluid to flow from the inlet 60a to the fluid outlet 62a. In this position, the rotatable plug 56a is aligned with ball-collection outlet 64a to effectively isolate the chamber 54a from the fluid flow. In this position, the diverter screen 72a continues to prevent the frac ball 90 from passing through the fluid outlet 62a.
Furthermore, since the chamber 54a is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54a can be opened at the cleanout port 68a to, for example, remove any balls in chamber 54a without stopping the flow of fluid through body 52a.
[0069] Referring to FIGS. 10a and 10b, the diverter screen 72a is shown in greater detail. It is to be understood that the diverter screen 72a is purely exemplary, and a variety of diverter screens are contemplated for the present embodiment as well as other embodiments. The diverter screen 72a includes a face 100a, a side 105a, and a base 110a. In the present embodiment, the diverter screen 72a is a unitary body; however, it is to be appreciated that =
variations are contemplated. For example, the diverter screen 72a can be constructed from separate pieces that are welded or otherwise attached together.
100701 The face 100a is generally configured to allow fluid and at least some debris to pass through face 100a. In the present embodiment, the face 100a includes a plurality of circular holes 115a dimensioned to prevent the ball 90 as well as larger pieces of debris from passing through face 100a. It is to be understood that the face 100a is not particularly limited to any material and that several different types of materials are contemplated. In the present embodiment, the face 100a is a steel plate of sufficient thickness to stop the ball 90 in the fluid flow. The minimum thickness of face 100a can depend, for example, on the material of the face 100a.
100711 The side 105a is generally configured to allow fluid and at least some debris to continue along the fluid path and to support the face 100a within the outlet 62a. In the present embodiment, the side 105a includes a plurality of slots 120a dimensioned to allow fluid and small debris to pass through slots 120a. In particular, each slot 120a extends almost the length of the side 105a from the face 100a to the base 110a. It is to be understood that the side 105a is not particularly limited to any material, and that several different types of materials are contemplated. In the present embodiment, the side 105a is made from steel. In other embodiments, side 105a can be replaced or supplemented by a plurality of support rods for supporting the face 100a while allowing fluid and debris to pass between adjacent rods. In the present embodiment, the side 105a is configured to allow substantially all debris to pass through via the slot 120a so that debris does not build up in the annular chamber formed between the diverter screen 72a and the sidewall of the outlet 62a. However, some further embodiments can be configured to prevent larger debris from passing through the side 105a of the diverter screen 72a.
[0072] The base 110a is generally configured to support the diverter screen 72a within the outlet 62a. In particular, the base 110a is configured to be welded to the sidewall of the outlet 62a using a weld joint 76a. It is to be understood that the base 110a is not particularly limited to any material and that several different types of materials are contemplated.
In the present embodiment, the base 110a is an annular steel ring.
[0073] The manner by which the diverter screen 72a is welded into the outlet 62a of the body 52a is not particularly limited. To encourage ball 90 to enter outlet 64a, for example, face 100a can be positioned substantially close to an end of the outlet 62a in the present embodiment.
[0074] Referring to FIGS. 11 to 13, another embodiment of an apparatus for ball catching is shown generally at 50b. Like components of the apparatus 50b bear like reference to their counterparts in the apparatus 50, except followed by the suffix "b". The apparatus 50b includes a body 52b, a chamber 54b, a rotatable plug 56b, and a screen 58b within the rotatable plug 56b.
[0075] In the present embodiment, the body 52b includes an inlet 60b for receiving fluid flow A" and at least one frac ball 90 carried by the fluid. The body 52b also includes a fluid outlet 62b for permitting fluid to exit body 52b. In the present embodiment, the frac ball 90 is separated from the fluid that exits body 52b, and the fluid that exits body 52b is generally delivered to testers or any other piece of downstream equipment. The body 52b further includes a ball-collection outlet 64b for accommodating the frac ball 90 that, for example, has been separated from fluid that exits body 52b.
[0076] The chamber 54b is in fluid communication with the ball-collection outlet 64b. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54b is configured to receive the frac ball 90 via the ball-collection outlet 64b. The chamber 54b can be constructed of any material or from any design that can provide sufficient mechanical properties to sustain the pressure. In the present embodiment, the chamber 54b also includes a drain valve 66b generally configured to relieve pressure within the chamber 54b. The chamber further includes a cleanout port 68b generally configured to allow for removal of the frac ball 90 from the chamber 54b.
[0077] The rotatable plug 56b is disposed within the body 52b. In the present embodiment, the rotatable plug 56b has three channels in fluid communication with each other forming a "T"
connection. Each of the channels is generally configured to align with each of the inlet 60b, the fluid outlet 62b, and the ball-collection outlet 64b. In the present embodiment, the body 52b and the rotatable plug 56b form a three-way plug valve where the rotatable plug 56b can freely rotate within the body 52b guided by, for example, a plurality of valve seats 57b. It is to be appreciated that the rotatable plug 56b is not particularly limited and that variations are contemplated. For example, the rotatable plug 56b can include more or less than three channels, and the channels need not be at 90 degrees with respect to each other.
[0078] The screen 58b is disposed within one of the three channels of the rotatable plug 56b and generally configured to prevent the passage of the frac ball 90 while allowing fluid to flow through screen 58b. The screen 58b is not particularly limited and can be integral with the rotatable plug 56b (i.e. non-removable, such as welded) to increase the rigidity of the rotatable plug 56b, or it can be removably attached to the channel for easy replacement and access for servicing.
[0079] Screen 58b can be used to encourage the movement of the frac ball 90 toward the ball-collection outlet 64b. For example, in the position illustrated in FIG.
11, the apparatus 50b is configured to receive the frac ball 90 along with fluid via the inlet 60b such that the fluid passes through the apparatus via the fluid outlet 62b and the frac ball 90 is prevented from passing through fluid outlet 62b and encouraged toward chamber ball-collection outlet 64b and into the chamber 54b. In addition, any other part or blockage can be used to prevent the passage of frac ball 90 while allowing the passage of fluid.
[0080] In the present embodiment, the apparatus 50b also includes a wing valve 74b for controlling the flow of the fluid. The wing valve is generally disposed upstream of the body 52b and can be used to limit or stop the flow of fluid into the body 52b.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 12, the apparatus 50b is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56b in a second position for preventing flow through the apparatus 50b. In this position, the channels of the rotatable plug 56b are aligned with the inlet 60b and the ball-collection outlet 64b. The third channel is directed into the body 52b and effectively plugged. If drain valve 66b is closed, chamber 54b does not have an open outlet during use, and the apparatus 50b has stopped the fluid flow through apparatus 50b. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58b is aligned above the chamber 54b. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 would be prevented from exiting body 52b into the chamber 54b. In other embodiments, the wing valve 74b can be omitted and the position shown in FIG. 12 can be used to limit flow to the downstream equipment.
[0082] Referring to FIG. 13, the apparatus 50b is illustrated with the rotatable plug 56b in a third position for preventing the frac ball 90 from entering the rotatable plug 56b and isolating the chamber 54b. In this position, the channels of the rotatable plug 56b are aligned with the inlet 60b and the fluid outlet 62b. The third channel is directed into the body 52b and effectively plugged, and the ball-collection outlet 64b is effectively plugged by rotatable plug 56b, isolating the chamber 54b from the fluid flow. It is also to be appreciated that in this position, the screen 58b is aligned with the inlet 60b to prevent the frac ball 90 from entering the cavity of the body 52b. Accordingly, the frac ball 90 is prevented from entering body 52b, and fluid is permitted from entering body 52b and to exit the fluid outlet 62b. Furthermore, it is to be appreciated that in this position, since the chamber 54b is isolated from the fluid flow, the chamber 54b can be opened at the cleanout port 68b to remove any balls therein without stopping the flow of fluid through body 52b.
[0083] Referring to FIG. 14, a system for hydraulic fracturing of a well is shown at 500 including the apparatus 50. It is to be understood that the system 500 is purely exemplary and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that a variety of configurations are contemplated. For example, as an example of a variation, the apparatus 50a or 50b can be substituted. The system 500 further includes a frac tree 508 and downstream equipment 512. The downstream equipment 512 can include, for example, any combination of pipes, testing devices, storage vessels and the like. The frac tree 508 is connected, at a wellhead end 516, to a well 517 extending through a ground surface 518 to the underground formations from which the recovery of oil or gas is desired.
[0084] In the foregoing description of certain embodiments, specific terminology has been resorted to for the sake of clarity. However, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific terms so selected, and it is to be understood that each specific term includes other technical equivalents which operate in a similar manner to accomplish a similar technical purpose. Terms such as "left" and right", "front" and "rear", "above" and "below" and the like are used as words of convenience to provide reference points and are not to be construed as limiting terms.
[0085] In this specification, the word "comprising" is to be understood in its "open" sense, that is, in the sense of "including", and thus not limited to its "closed"
sense, that is the sense of "consisting only of'. A corresponding meaning is to be attributed to the corresponding words "comprise", "comprised" and "comprises" where they appear.
[0086] In addition, the foregoing describes only some embodiments of the invention(s), and alterations, modifications, additions and/or changes can be made thereto without departing from the scope and spirit of the disclosed embodiments, the embodiments being illustrative and not restrictive.
[0087] Therefore, it is to be understood that many combinations, variations and subsets of the embodiments and teachings herein are contemplated. As a non-limiting example, the apparatus 50 can be modified with the variation of the diverter screen 72a described in relation to the apparatus 50a. As another non-limiting example, the apparatus 50 can omit the screen 58.
As yet another example of a substitution, the apparatus 50 of the system 500 can be substituted with either the apparatus 50a or 50b described above.
Furthermore, invention(s) have described in connection with what are presently considered to be the\ most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiments, but on the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the invention(s). Also, the various embodiments described above may be implemented in conjunction with other embodiments, e.g., aspects of one embodiment may be combined with aspects of another embodiment to realize yet other embodiments. Further, each independent feature or component of any given assembly may constitute an additional embodiment.
Claims (27)
1. An apparatus for ball catching, the apparatus comprising:
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating the at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
a rotatable plug disposed within the body, the rotatable plug having at least three channels in communication with each other, wherein each of the three channels is configured to align with the inlet, the fluid outlet, and the ball-collection outlet; and a blockage disposed within one of the at least three channels, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of the at least one ball and peimit the passage of fluid, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
a first position in which the at least one ball is peimitted to enter the body and is prevented from exiting the body and in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body;
a second position in which fluid is prevented from exiting the body; and a third position in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body and is prevented from entering the chamber.
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating the at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
a rotatable plug disposed within the body, the rotatable plug having at least three channels in communication with each other, wherein each of the three channels is configured to align with the inlet, the fluid outlet, and the ball-collection outlet; and a blockage disposed within one of the at least three channels, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of the at least one ball and peimit the passage of fluid, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
a first position in which the at least one ball is peimitted to enter the body and is prevented from exiting the body and in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body;
a second position in which fluid is prevented from exiting the body; and a third position in which fluid is permitted to enter and exit the body and is prevented from entering the chamber.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the wing valve is connected upstream from the body.
4. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the chamber includes a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
5. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the chamber includes a cleanout port for removing the at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the third position.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06
6. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet are in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
7. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the blockage is disposed within the channel aligned with the fluid outlet to encourage the at least one ball toward the ball-collection outlet when the rotatable plug is in the first position.
8. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the blockage is welded to the rotatable plug.
9. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the blockage is a plug screen, and the plug screen comprises holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1 to 9, further comprising a diverter screen disposed within the fluid outlet, the diverter screen for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet.
11. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the diverter screen provides additional support for the blockage.
12. An apparatus for ball catching, the apparatus comprising:
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of the at least one ball and permit the passage of fluid; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage configured to prevent the passage of the at least one ball and permit the passage of fluid; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
13. The apparatus of claim 12, further comprising a wing valve connected to the body for controlling flow.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the wing valve is connected upstream from the body.
15. The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the chamber includes a drain valve connected to the chamber for relieving pressure.
16. The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein the chamber includes a cleanout port for removing the at least one ball when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
17. The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 16, wherein the inlet, the fluid outlet and the ball-collection outlet are in fluid communication when the rotatable plug is in the open position.
18. The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein the blockage is welded to the body.
19. The apparatus of any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the blockage is a diverter screen, and the diverter screen comprises holes for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through.
20. An apparatus for ball catching, the apparatus comprising:
an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball into a body;
a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body;
a ball-collection outlet for pennitting the at least one ball to enter a chamber, the chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet;
a prevention means for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
an inlet for receiving fluid and at least one ball into a body;
a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body;
a ball-collection outlet for pennitting the at least one ball to enter a chamber, the chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet;
a prevention means for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet.
21. The apparatus of claim 20, further comprising means for controlling flow of fluid.
22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the means for controlling flow of fluid is connected upstream from the body.
23. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 22, further comprising means for relieving pressure when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
24. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 23, further comprising means for removing the at least one ball from the chamber when the rotatable plug is in the closed position.
25. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 24, wherein the means for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet is fixed to the body.
26. The apparatus of any one of claims 20 to 25, further comprising means for allowing the fluid and at least some debris to pass through the fluid outlet.
27. A system for hydraulic fracturing of a well, the system comprising:
a frac tree configured to connect to a wellhead of a well and configured to receive fluid and at least one ball from the wellhead;
a ball catcher connected to the frac tree, wherein the ball catcher comprises:
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and the at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating the at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and downstream equipment connected to the fluid outlet of the ball catcher, the downstream equipment configured to process the fluid.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06
a frac tree configured to connect to a wellhead of a well and configured to receive fluid and at least one ball from the wellhead;
a ball catcher connected to the frac tree, wherein the ball catcher comprises:
a body having an inlet for receiving fluid and the at least one ball, a fluid outlet for permitting fluid to exit the body, and a ball-collection outlet for accommodating the at least one ball;
a chamber in communication with the ball-collection outlet, the chamber for receiving the at least one ball;
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06 a blockage disposed within the fluid outlet, the blockage for preventing the passage of the at least one ball through the fluid outlet; and a rotatable plug disposed within the body, wherein the rotatable plug is rotatable between:
an open position that permits the at least one ball to enter the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet, and a closed position that prevents the at least one ball from entering the ball-collection outlet and permits fluid to exit the fluid outlet; and downstream equipment connected to the fluid outlet of the ball catcher, the downstream equipment configured to process the fluid.
Date recue / Date received 2021-12-06
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2876603 | 2015-01-06 | ||
| CA2876603A CA2876603A1 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Apparatus for ball catching |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2914430A1 CA2914430A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| CA2914430C true CA2914430C (en) | 2022-08-30 |
Family
ID=56329561
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2876603A Abandoned CA2876603A1 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Apparatus for ball catching |
| CA2914430A Active CA2914430C (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-12-09 | Apparatus for frac ball catching |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2876603A Abandoned CA2876603A1 (en) | 2015-01-06 | 2015-01-06 | Apparatus for ball catching |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (2) | CA2876603A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA2986665C (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2018-06-26 | Global Core Technologies Corp. | Drop ball sizing apparatus and method |
-
2015
- 2015-01-06 CA CA2876603A patent/CA2876603A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2015-12-09 CA CA2914430A patent/CA2914430C/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2914430A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
| CA2876603A1 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
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