CA2909974C - Method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system - Google Patents
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- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 245
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 243
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 167
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 148
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 66
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000012465 retentate Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 32
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000001991 steam methane reforming Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010744 Boudouard reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005276 aerator Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005536 corrosion prevention Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007323 disproportionation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011143 downstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/384—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts the catalyst being continuously externally heated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
- C01B2203/061—Methanol production
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0822—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel the fuel containing hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
- C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
- C01B2203/0827—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel at least part of the fuel being a recycle stream
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
- C01B2203/1241—Natural gas or methane
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1258—Pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/1264—Catalytic pre-treatment of the feed
- C01B2203/127—Catalytic desulfurisation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
A method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that utilizes a combined feed stream (200) having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 °C and 750 °C wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion. The combined feed stream is comprised a pre-reformed hydrocarbon feed (195), superheated steam (180), and a reaction product stream (198) created by the reaction of a hydrogen containing stream (163) reacted with the permeated oxygen at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements (120).
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PRODUCING A SYNTHESIS GAS
IN AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM
Field of the Invention (0001) The present invention relates to a method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, and more particularly, a method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that utilizes a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C
wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion. The combined feed stream may comprise a pre-reformed hydrocarbon feed, superheated steam, and a reaction product stream created by the reaction of a hydrogen containing stream reacted with the permeated oxygen at the permeate side of oxygen transport membrane elements, wherein the hydrogen containing stream is a recycled portion of the synthesis gas.
Back2round
IN AN OXYGEN TRANSPORT MEMBRANE BASED REFORMING SYSTEM
Field of the Invention (0001) The present invention relates to a method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, and more particularly, a method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that utilizes a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C
wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion. The combined feed stream may comprise a pre-reformed hydrocarbon feed, superheated steam, and a reaction product stream created by the reaction of a hydrogen containing stream reacted with the permeated oxygen at the permeate side of oxygen transport membrane elements, wherein the hydrogen containing stream is a recycled portion of the synthesis gas.
Back2round
(0002) Synthesis gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide is used for a variety of industrial applications, for example, the production of hydrogen, chemicals and synthetic fuel production. Conventionally, the synthesis gas is produced in a fired reformer in which natural gas and steam is reformed in nickel catalyst containing reformer tubes at high temperatures (e.g., 850 'V to 1000 C) and moderate pressures (e.g., 16 to 30 bar) to produce the synthesis gas. The endothermic heating requirements for steam methane reforming reactions occurring within the reformer tubes are provided by burners firing into the furnace that are fueled by part of the natural gas. In order to increase the hydrogen content of the synthesis gas produced by the steam methane reforming (SMR) process, the synthesis gas can be subjected to water-gas shift reactions to react residual steam in the synthesis gas with the carbon monoxide.
(0003) A well established alternative to steam methane reforming is the non-catalytic partial oxidation process (POx) whereby a substoichiometric amount of oxygen is allowed to react with the natural gas feed creating steam and carbon dioxide at high temperatures.
The high temperature residual methane is reformed through reactions with the high temperature steam and carbon dioxide.
The high temperature residual methane is reformed through reactions with the high temperature steam and carbon dioxide.
(0004) An attractive alternative process for producing synthesis gas is the autothermal reformer (ATR) process which uses oxidation to produce heat with a catalyst to permit reforming to occur at lower temperatures than the POx process. Similar to the POx process, oxygen is required to partially oxidize natural gas in a burner to provide heat, high temperature carbon dioxide and steam to reform the residual methane.
Normally some steam needs to be added to the natural gas to control carbon formation on the catalyst. However, both the ATR as well as POx processes require separate air separation units (ASU) to produce high-pressure oxygen, which adds complexity as well as capital and operating cost to the overall process.
Normally some steam needs to be added to the natural gas to control carbon formation on the catalyst. However, both the ATR as well as POx processes require separate air separation units (ASU) to produce high-pressure oxygen, which adds complexity as well as capital and operating cost to the overall process.
(0005) When the feedstock contains significant amounts of heavy hydrocarbons, SMR and ATR processes, are typically preceded by a pre-reforming step. Pre-reforming is a catalyst based process for converting higher hydrocarbons to methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The reactions involved in pre-reforming are endothermic.
Most pre-reformers operate adiabatically, and thus the pre-reformed feedstock leaves at a much lower temperature than the feedstock entering the pre-reformer. Another process that will be discussed in this invention is the secondary reforming process, which is essentially an autothermal process that is fed the product from a steam methane reforming process. Thus, the feed to a secondary reforming process is primarily synthesis gas from steam methane reforming. Depending on the end application, some natural gas may bypass the SMR
process and be directly introduced into the secondary reforming step. Also, when a SAM
process is followed by a secondary reforming process, the SMR may operate at a lower temperature, e.g. 650 C to 825 C versus 850 C to 1000 C.
Most pre-reformers operate adiabatically, and thus the pre-reformed feedstock leaves at a much lower temperature than the feedstock entering the pre-reformer. Another process that will be discussed in this invention is the secondary reforming process, which is essentially an autothermal process that is fed the product from a steam methane reforming process. Thus, the feed to a secondary reforming process is primarily synthesis gas from steam methane reforming. Depending on the end application, some natural gas may bypass the SMR
process and be directly introduced into the secondary reforming step. Also, when a SAM
process is followed by a secondary reforming process, the SMR may operate at a lower temperature, e.g. 650 C to 825 C versus 850 C to 1000 C.
(0006) As can be appreciated, the conventional methods of producing a synthesis gas such as have been discussed above are expensive and require complex installations. To overcome the complexity and expense of such installations it has been proposed to generate the synthesis gas within reactors that utilize an oxygen transport membrane to supply oxygen and thereby generate the heat necessary to support endothermic heating requirements of the steam methane reforming reactions. A typical oxygen transport membrane has a dense layer that, while being impervious to air or other oxygen containing gas, will transport oxygen ions when subjected to an elevated operational temperature and a difference in oxygen partial pressure across the membrane.
(0007) Examples of oxygen transport membrane based reforming systems used in the production of synthesis gas can be found in United States Patent Nos.
6,048,472;
6,110,979; 6,114,400; 6,296,686; 7,261,751; 8,262,755; and 8,419,827. The problem with all of these oxygen transport membrane based systems is that because such oxygen transport membranes need to operate at high temperatures of around 900 C to 1100 C, preheating of the hydrocarbon feed to similarly high temperatures is often required. Where hydrocarbons such as methane and higher order hydrocarbons are subjected to such high temperatures, excessive carbon formation will occur in the feed stream, especially at high pressures and low steam to carbon ratios. The carbon formation problems are particularly severe in the above-identified prior art oxygen transport membrane based systems. A
different approach to using an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in the production of synthesis gas is disclosed in United States Patent No. 8,349,214 which provides a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that uses hydrogen and carbon monoxide as part of the reactant gas feed which address many of the highlighted problems with the earlier oxygen transport membrane systems.
6,048,472;
6,110,979; 6,114,400; 6,296,686; 7,261,751; 8,262,755; and 8,419,827. The problem with all of these oxygen transport membrane based systems is that because such oxygen transport membranes need to operate at high temperatures of around 900 C to 1100 C, preheating of the hydrocarbon feed to similarly high temperatures is often required. Where hydrocarbons such as methane and higher order hydrocarbons are subjected to such high temperatures, excessive carbon formation will occur in the feed stream, especially at high pressures and low steam to carbon ratios. The carbon formation problems are particularly severe in the above-identified prior art oxygen transport membrane based systems. A
different approach to using an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in the production of synthesis gas is disclosed in United States Patent No. 8,349,214 which provides a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that uses hydrogen and carbon monoxide as part of the reactant gas feed which address many of the highlighted problems with the earlier oxygen transport membrane systems.
(0008) Other problems that arise with the prior art oxygen transport membrane based reforming systems are the cost of the oxygen transport membrane modules and the lower than desired durability, reliability and operating availability of such oxygen transport membrane based reforming systems. These problems are the primary reasons that oxygen transport membranes based reforming systems have not been successfully commercialized. Advances in oxygen transport membrane materials have addressed problems associated with oxygen flux, membrane degradation and creep life, but there is much work left to be done to achieve commercially viable oxygen transport membrane based reforming systems from a cost standpoint as well as from an operating reliability and availability standpoint.
(0009) The present invention addresses the aforementioned problems by providing an improved process for making synthesis gas using a reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that comprises an oxidation process occun-ing at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membranes and a reforming process facilitated by a reformer catalyst in close proximity to the reactively-driven oxygen transport membranes.
The oxidation process, which is exothermic, and the reforming process, which is endothermic, both occur within the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and thus have a high degree of thermal integration so that heat released in the oxidation process supplies the heat absorbed by the reforming process.
The oxidation process, which is exothermic, and the reforming process, which is endothermic, both occur within the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and thus have a high degree of thermal integration so that heat released in the oxidation process supplies the heat absorbed by the reforming process.
(00010) Specifically, the improvements to the reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane based reforming system include modifications to the steam and hydrocarbon feed stream to increase steam to carbon ratio thereby reducing methane slip, mitigating carbon formation issues within the system and reducing the hydrocarbon feed requirements to the reformers. It has been found that conditioning the steam and hydrocarbon feed stream feed stream to a particular temperature range and steam to carbon ratio translates into an optimum operating regime with noticeably less reliability problems in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system due to carbon formation. In addition, using a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane system with hydrogen and carbon-monoxide as a portion of the reactant gas mixture produces a higher oxygen flux compared to reactively-driven oxygen transport membranes that use only steam-methane feed as the reactant gas mixture mixtures which produce a lower flux. The actual difference in flux performance is a function of pressure, temperature, and reactant gas concentrations.
(00011) Additional improvements to the reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane based reforming system include modifications to the heat recovery train and synthesis gas recycle loop to mitigate metal dusting and carbon formation issues that adversely impact system performance, reliability and durability. In addition, modifications or changes to the synthesis gas recycle loop allows for use of higher temperature synthesis gas in the recycle loop which decreases the oxygen requirement compared to previous reactively-driven oxygen transport membrane based reformer reactor designs.
Summary of the Invention
Summary of the Invention
(00012) The present invention may be characterized as a method for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, which comprises two reactors, including a reforming catalyst containing reformer reactor and an oxidation catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor preferably in the form of tubes, the method comprising the steps of: (i) separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
(ii) reacting a hydrogen containing stream fed to a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat; (iii) transferring the heat via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor configured to produce a synthesis gas stream; (iv) pre-treating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream by adding steam to form a pre-treated reformer feed stream; (v) combining the pre-treated reformer feed stream with the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C;
and (vi) reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements.
(ii) reacting a hydrogen containing stream fed to a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat; (iii) transferring the heat via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor configured to produce a synthesis gas stream; (iv) pre-treating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream by adding steam to form a pre-treated reformer feed stream; (v) combining the pre-treated reformer feed stream with the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C;
and (vi) reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements.
(00013) The present invention may also be characterized as an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system for producing synthesis gas comprising: (a) a reactor housing; (b) at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to produce a synthesis gas stream by reacting a combined feed stream in the presence of the catalyst and heat; (c) a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor, the reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements configured to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing feed stream and produce an oxygen permeate at a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements and an oxygen depleted retentate stream at a retentate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements; and (d) a hydrogen containing stream fed to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements, wherein the permeated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen containing stream to reactively drive the separation of oxygen from the oxygen containing feed stream and to generate a reaction product stream and heat that is transferred via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor. The combined feed stream comprises a pre-treated reformer feed and the reaction product stream and has a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between 500 C and 750 C wherein the pre-treated reformer comprises a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed stream and steam, preferably at 20 bar or less.
(00014) In both the methods and system, pre-treating the hydrocarbon containing feed stream generally includes steps such as combining the hydrocarbon containing feed stream and superheated steam to form the pre-treated reformer feed stream and optionally one or more of the following: feeding the pre-treated reformer feed stream to a pre-reformer to produce a pre-reformed feed stream comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide; combining a source of hydrogen to the hydrocarbon containing feed stream; removing sulfur from the hydrocarbon containing feed stream, etc.
(00015) Where superheated steam is added to the hydrocarbon containing feed, the superheated steam is preferably at a pressure of between about 15 bar to 80 bar and a temperature of between about 300 C and 600 C. The superheated steam may be produced in a heat exchange network by further heating a source of the steam via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream. Similarly, the hydrocarbon containing feed stream and/or the pre-treated reformer feed may be heated in the heat exchange network or via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream.
(00016) The characteristics of the various input streams within the system include preferably maintaining the steam to carbon ratio of the pre-treated reformer feed stream is greater than about 0.8 and a steam to carbon ratio of the combined feed stream has between about 2.0 and 2.8. The produced synthesis gas stream preferably has a module of between about 1.5 and 2.0 and a methane slip of less than about 4 percent by volume, and more preferably, a methane slip less than about 2 percent by volume. In addition, a portion of the synthesis gas stream is recycled or recirculated to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream.
(00017) The present invention may also be characterized as a method for producing synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, which comprises two reactors, including a reforming catalyst containing reformer reactor and an oxidation catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor preferably in the form of tubes, the method comprising the steps of: (i) separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
(ii) reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat; (iii) pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with a portion of the reaction product stream and steam to produce a combined feed stream having a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C; (iv) reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements; (v) cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system to a temperature of less than about 400 C via indirect heat exchange with a boiler feed water stream and wherein the steam is produced from the indirect heat exchange between the synthesis gas stream and the boiler feed water stream; and (vi) feeding a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream, wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
(ii) reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat; (iii) pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with a portion of the reaction product stream and steam to produce a combined feed stream having a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C; (iv) reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements; (v) cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system to a temperature of less than about 400 C via indirect heat exchange with a boiler feed water stream and wherein the steam is produced from the indirect heat exchange between the synthesis gas stream and the boiler feed water stream; and (vi) feeding a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream, wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
(00018) The present invention may further be characterized as an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system for producing synthesis gas that is substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion. The oxygen transport membrane based reforming system comprises: (a) a reactor housing; (b) at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to produce a synthesis gas stream by reacting a combined feed stream in the presence of the catalyst and heat; (c) a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor, the reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements configured to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing feed stream and produce an oxygen permeate at a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements and an oxygen depleted retentate stream at a retentate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements; (d) a hydrogen containing stream in contact with the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements, wherein the permeated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen containing stream to reactively drive the separation of oxygen from the oxygen containing feed stream and to generate a reaction product stream and heat that is transferred to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor; and (e) a heat exchange network fluidically coupled to the reforming reactor and the oxygen transport membrane reactor and configured to: (i) cool the synthesis gas stream exiting the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to a temperature of less than about 400 C; (ii) produce steam, and (iii) pre-heat a hydrocarbon containing feed stream. In many embodiments, the pre-heated hydrocarbon feed and steam are mixed with the reaction product stream upstream of the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to produce the combined feed stream having a temperature wherein the combined feed stream has a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C.
(00019) This characterization of the present system may further include a synthesis gas recycle circuit between the heat exchange network and the oxygen transport membrane reactor to recirculate a portion of the cooled synthesis gas to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream.
Since the recycled synthesis gas is maintained at a temperature of less than about 400 C, the present oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment will be substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
Since the recycled synthesis gas is maintained at a temperature of less than about 400 C, the present oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment will be substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
(00020) The heat exchange network preferably comprises a first heat exchanger configured to cool the synthesis gas stream via indirect heat exchange with a process gas boiler feed stream and wherein the steam is produce from the indirect heat exchange between the synthesis gas stream and the process gas boiler feed water stream and a second heat exchanger configured to pre-heat the hydrocarbon containing feed stream via indirect heat exchange with the cooled synthesis gas stream. Optionally, the heat exchange network further comprises one or more coils disposed in an oxygen depleted retentate stream duct and wherein the steam is superheated to a pressure of between about 15 bar to 80 bar and a temperature of between about 300 C and 600 C via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream as the steam is directed through the one or more coils disposed in the oxygen depleted retentate stream duct. In some embodiments, the hydrocarbon containing feed stream or a combination of the hydrocarbon feed stream and steam are also pre-heated via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream as the stream is directed through the one or more coils disposed in the oxygen depleted retentate stream duct.
(00021) Finally, the present invention may be characterized as a method for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, which comprises two reactors, a reforming catalyst containing reformer reactor and an oxidation catalyst containing oxygen transport membrane reactor preferably in the form of tubes, the method comprising the steps of: (i) separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system; (ii) reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat; (iii) pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with steam and then with a portion of the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C; (iv) reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements; and (v) recycling a portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream wherein the recycled portion of the synthesis gas is maintained at a temperature of less than about 400 C or a temperature of greater than about 800 C such that the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is substantially free of metal dusting corrosion.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Brief Description of the Drawings
(00022) The present invention will be further understood when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
(00023) Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in accordance with the present invention;
(00024) Fig. 2 is a schematic illustration of an alternate embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in accordance with the present invention;
(00025) Fig. 3 is a schematic illustration of an alternate embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in accordance with the present invention for a methanol production facility, where the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is the only or primary source of synthesis gas supply; and
(00026) Fig. 4 is a graph of the temperature of a feed stream versus steam to carbon ratio of the feed stream and depicting various performance regimes of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system.
(00027) For the sake of avoiding repetition, some of the common elements in the various Figures utilize the same numbers where the explanation of such elements would not change from Figure to Figure.
Detailed Description
Detailed Description
(00028) Turning now to Fig. 1, there is shown a schematic illustration of an embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101 and assembly 100 in accordance with the present invention. As seen therein, an oxygen containing stream 110, such as air, is introduced to the system by means of a blower or fan 114 into a heat exchanger 113 for purposes of preheating the oxygen containing stream 110. Heat exchanger 113 is preferably a high efficiency, cyclic and continuously rotating regenerator disposed in operative association with the oxygen containing stream 110 and the heated retentate stream 124. The heated and oxygen depleted retentate stream 124 can optionally be introduced into a duct burner region containing duct burner 126 and used to support combustion of a supplemental fuel stream 128 to produce supplemental heat introduced into the continuously rotating regenerator 113 to preheat the oxygen containing stream 110.
Alternatively, the duct burner may also be disposed directly in the duct leaving heat exchanger 113 to pre-heat the oxygen containing stream 110. Exhaust stream 132 from heat exchanger 113 is discharged.
Alternatively, the duct burner may also be disposed directly in the duct leaving heat exchanger 113 to pre-heat the oxygen containing stream 110. Exhaust stream 132 from heat exchanger 113 is discharged.
(00029) The heated oxygen containing stream 115 is then directed via the intake duct to the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 incorporated into the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101. Each of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 are preferably configured as a multilayered ceramic tube capable of conducting oxygen ions at an elevated operational temperature, wherein the retentate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 is the exterior surface of the ceramic tubes exposed to the oxygen containing stream and the permeate side is the interior surface of the ceramic tubes. Although only six oxygen transport membrane elements 120 are illustrated in close proximity to three catalytic reforming tubes 140, as would occur to those skilled in the art, there could be many of such oxygen transport membrane elements and many catalytic reforming tubes in each oxygen transport membrane sub-system.
Likewise, there would be multiple oxygen transport membrane sub-systems used in an industrial application of the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101.
Likewise, there would be multiple oxygen transport membrane sub-systems used in an industrial application of the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101.
(00030) A hydrogen containing stream is also introduced into the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 and is oxidized though reaction with the permeated oxygen to produce a reaction product stream 198 and heat. As described in more detail below, the hydrogen containing stream is preferably a recycled portion of the produced synthesis gas 163. As a result of the separation of the oxygen and the reaction (i.e. combustion) occurring at the permeate side of oxygen transport membrane elements 120, a heated and oxygen depleted retentate stream 124 is also formed.
(00031) The reaction of the hydrogen containing stream or recycled synthesis gas stream 163 at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane element 120 produces heat. Radiation of this heat together with the convective heat transfer provided by heated retentate stream 124 heats the catalytic reactor tubes 140 to supply the endothermic heating requirements of the steam methane reforming occurring in catalytic reactor tubes 140. As the heated retentate stream 124 exits the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101, it also heats a reformer feed stream 138 to a temperature between about 450 C and 650 C via indirect heat transfer using one or more coils 191 disposed in the retentate duct such that the oxygen depleted retentate stream 124 heats the feed streams passing through the coils 191.
(00032) The hydrocarbon containing feed stream 182 to be reformed is preferably natural gas. Depending on the supply pressure, the natural gas is compressed or let down to the desired pressure via a compressor or valve arrangement (not shown) and then preheated in heat exchanger 150 that serves as a feed preheater. Also, since the natural gas typically contains unacceptably high level of sulfur species, the natural gas feed stream 182 undergoes a sulfur removal process such as hydro-treating, via device 190, to reduce the sulfur species to H2S, which is subsequently removed in a guard bed using material like ZnO and/or CuO. To facilitate the desulfurization, a small amount of hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas (not shown) is added to stream 182 before heat exchanger 150. The hydro-treating step also saturates any alkenes present in the hydrocarbon containing feed stream. Further, since natural gas generally contains higher hydrocarbons that will break down at high temperatures to form unwanted carbon deposits that adversely impact the reforming process, the natural gas feed stream 182 is preferably pre-reformed in an adiabatic pre-reformer 192, which converts higher hydrocarbons to methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Pre-reformers are typically catalyst-based systems.
Although not shown, this pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195 may be further heated via indirect heat exchange with heated retentate stream 124. Also contemplated, but not shown is an embodiment where the pre-reformer is a heated pre-reformer that is thermally coupled with oxygen transport membrane based reforming system.
Although not shown, this pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195 may be further heated via indirect heat exchange with heated retentate stream 124. Also contemplated, but not shown is an embodiment where the pre-reformer is a heated pre-reformer that is thermally coupled with oxygen transport membrane based reforming system.
(00033) In the illustrated embodiment, the above-described heated reaction product stream 198 is combined with the heated pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195 to produce a combined feed stream 200 that contains steam and hydrocarbons. This combined feed stream is introduced into the catalytic reactor tubes 140 where the combined feed stream 200 is subjected to steam methane reforming to produce a synthesis gas stream 142. The temperature of the combined feed stream 200 is between about 500 C and 750 C, and more preferably between about 600 C and 750 C. Additional steam 180 may also be added to the natural gas feed stream 182, or the preheated pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195, as required, to adjust the temperature of stream 200 as well as the steam to carbon ratio of the final combined feed stream 200 to between about 1.6 and 3.0, and more preferably to steam to carbon ratio between about 2.0 and 2.8. The steam is preferably superheated steam 180 between about 15 bar to 80 bar and between about 300 C
and 600 C and heated by means of indirect heat exchange with the heated retentate stream 124 using steam coils 179 disposed in the retentate duct. The superheated steam 180 is preferably added to the hydrocarbon containing feed stream 182 upstream of the pre-reformer 192 to adjust the steam to carbon ratio and final temperature of the combined feed stream 200. Also, to optimize the economic performance of the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in a methanol production process, the methane slip should be less than 4% by volume and preferably less than 2% by volume.
and 600 C and heated by means of indirect heat exchange with the heated retentate stream 124 using steam coils 179 disposed in the retentate duct. The superheated steam 180 is preferably added to the hydrocarbon containing feed stream 182 upstream of the pre-reformer 192 to adjust the steam to carbon ratio and final temperature of the combined feed stream 200. Also, to optimize the economic performance of the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system in a methanol production process, the methane slip should be less than 4% by volume and preferably less than 2% by volume.
(00034) The synthesis gas stream 142 produced by the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system 101 generally contains hydrogen, carbon monoxide, unconverted methane, steam, carbon dioxide and other constituents. Heat exchange section 104 is designed to cool the produced synthesis gas stream 142 and recycle a portion of the synthesis gas stream 162A to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream 163. In this illustrated embodiment, the synthesis gas stream 142 is preferably cooled before recycling such stream using a synthesis gas recycle compressor 177 or other blower means.
The heat exchange section 104 is also designed such that in cooling the synthesis gas stream 142, various feed streams are preheated and process steam is also generated.
The heat exchange section 104 is also designed such that in cooling the synthesis gas stream 142, various feed streams are preheated and process steam is also generated.
(00035) The initial cooling of synthesis gas stream 142 is accomplished with steam generation in a process gas boiler (PG boiler) 149 coupled to steam drum 157 and designed to reduce the temperature of the cooled synthesis gas 144 to about 400 C or less.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the initially cooled synthesis gas stream 144 is successively further cooled in a heat exchange network that includes hydrocarbon feed preheater 150, economizer 156, feed water heaters 158A and 158B, synthesis gas cooler 161 and water cooled heat exchanger 164. Specifically, the initially cooled synthesis gas stream 144 is directed to the feed preheater 150 to heat the natural gas feed stream 182 and then is directed to the economizer 156 to heat boiler feed water 188. The boiler feed water stream 188 is preferably pumped using a feed water pump (not shown), heated in economizer 156 and sent to steam drum 157.
As illustrated in Fig. 1, the initially cooled synthesis gas stream 144 is successively further cooled in a heat exchange network that includes hydrocarbon feed preheater 150, economizer 156, feed water heaters 158A and 158B, synthesis gas cooler 161 and water cooled heat exchanger 164. Specifically, the initially cooled synthesis gas stream 144 is directed to the feed preheater 150 to heat the natural gas feed stream 182 and then is directed to the economizer 156 to heat boiler feed water 188. The boiler feed water stream 188 is preferably pumped using a feed water pump (not shown), heated in economizer 156 and sent to steam drum 157.
(00036) The cooled synthesis gas stream 146 is then divided into a first portion 160 and a second or recycled portion 162A. First portion 160 is further cooled in a series of steps including a feed water heater 158A, used to heat feed water stream 159, followed by a synthesis gas cooler 161 and a subsequent water cooled heat exchanger 164 cooled via a separate cooling water stream 166. The heated feed water 159 is directed to a de-aerator (not shown) that provides boiler feed water 188. The resulting fully cooled synthesis gas stream 148 is then introduced into a knock-out drum 168 from which a condensate stream 170 is drained to produce a fully cooled synthesis gas stream 172. The fully cooled synthesis gas stream 172 is optionally compressed in a synthesis gas compressor 174 to produce a synthesis gas product 176.
(00037) The second or recycle portion 162A of the initially cooled synthesis gas stream 144 is directed to a second feed water heater 158B, used to heat feed water stream 159, and this cooled recycle synthesis gas stream 163 is recirculated back to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane element 120 by means of a recycle compressor 177.
Also note that any superheated steam not added or used in the natural gas feed 182 or recycle synthesis gas stream 163 is exported steam 181 that may be used for power generation.
Also note that any superheated steam not added or used in the natural gas feed 182 or recycle synthesis gas stream 163 is exported steam 181 that may be used for power generation.
(00038) When customized as a supplemental source of synthesis gas for a methanol production process, the oxygen transport membrane produced synthesis gas should have a module of between about 1.5 and 2Ø In addition, such produced synthesis gas stream ideally has a methane slip of less than about 4.5 percent by volume and more preferably, a methane slip of less than about 2.5 percent by volume.
(00039) Turning now to Fig. 2, there is shown a schematic illustration of an alternate embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system. In many regards, this embodiment is similar to the embodiment of Fig. 1 and, for sake of brevity, the description of the common aspects of the two embodiments will not be repeated here, rather, the following discussion shall focus on the differences between Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
(00040) The primary difference between the embodiments in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is the use of a hot synthesis gas recycle 162B in Fig. 2 embodiment in lieu of the cold gas recycle 162A in the embodiment of Fig. 1. As a result, the heat exchange section 104 in Fig. 2 is designed to only cool the produced synthesis gas stream 142 and need not recycle a portion of the cold synthesis gas stream 162A. By using the hot synthesis gas recycle 162B, there is no need to use the synthesis gas recycle compressor 177 or the second feed water heater 158B, used to heat feed water stream 159 potentially further reducing the capital cost of the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system.
(00041) The hot synthesis gas recycle involves recycling a portion of the heated synthesis gas stream 142 exiting the catalyst containing reforming tubes or reactor 140 and directing the hot recycled synthesis gas 162B to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 to react the portion of heated synthesis gas stream 162B
with the oxygen permeate stream to generate the heated reaction product stream and radiant heat.
The temperature of the hot synthesis recycled gas is preferably above 800 C
so as to avoid problems associated with metal dusting corrosion.
with the oxygen permeate stream to generate the heated reaction product stream and radiant heat.
The temperature of the hot synthesis recycled gas is preferably above 800 C
so as to avoid problems associated with metal dusting corrosion.
(00042) The hot synthesis gas stream 162B is driven or pulled to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 by means of an ejector, eductor or venturi based device 199 operatively coupled to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120. By suctioning the streams at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements 120 into the ejector, eductor or venturi based device 199 with a motive fluid comprising the pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195, the reaction product stream 198 mixes with the pre-reformed reformer feed stream 195 to produce the combined feed stream 200, preferably having a steam to carbon ratio between about 1.6 and 3.0 and a temperature between about 500 C and 750 C. Essentially, device moves lower pressure reaction product 198 to higher pressure combined feed stream 200.
(00043) Turning now to Fig. 3, there is shown a schematic illustration of yet another alternate embodiment of an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system.
In many regards, this illustrated embodiment is similar to the embodiments shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
2. Thus, for sake of brevity; the description of the common aspects of the embodiments will not be repeated here. Rather, the following discussion shall focus on the differences present in the embodiment of Fig. 3. The primary difference between the embodiments in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the addition of downstream processing of the initially cooled synthesis gas in the embodiment of Fig. 3. As seen therein, a portion of the cooled synthesis gas 350 is diverted to a synthesis gas conditioning system. This diverted portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream 350 is roughly between 5% and 25% of the synthesis gas stream 142.
In many regards, this illustrated embodiment is similar to the embodiments shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
2. Thus, for sake of brevity; the description of the common aspects of the embodiments will not be repeated here. Rather, the following discussion shall focus on the differences present in the embodiment of Fig. 3. The primary difference between the embodiments in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the addition of downstream processing of the initially cooled synthesis gas in the embodiment of Fig. 3. As seen therein, a portion of the cooled synthesis gas 350 is diverted to a synthesis gas conditioning system. This diverted portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream 350 is roughly between 5% and 25% of the synthesis gas stream 142.
(00044) The diverted portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream 350 is subjected to a water shift reaction 352 and subsequently cooled in heat exchanger 354 using cooling water or boiler feed water and then compressed in a synthesis gas compressor 360. The compressed gas feed stream 362 is directed to a hydrogen pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit 370 which takes the compressed feed stream 362 and produces a higher purity hydrogen stream 372 at or near the feed pressure while the carbon oxides, methane and other impurities are rejected at lower pressure tail gas stream 374. Stream 374 may be recycled to use with the duct burners 126 while the higher pressure and higher purity hydrogen stream 372 is recombined with the non-diverted portion of the synthesis gas stream 172, preferably at some point mid-stage point within the synthesis gas compressor 174. By re-combining the higher purity hydrogen stream 372 with the non-diverted portion of the synthesis gas stream 172, one can adjust the module of the final synthesis gas product to about 2.0 to 2.2, the preferable range for methanol production or other synthesis gas characteristics such as hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio, etc.
(00045) One of the likely disadvantages of the previously disclosed oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and reactors is the potential for corrosion, and in particular metal dusting corrosion. Metal dusting is a severe form of corrosion that occurs when surfaces of certain metal and metal alloy components and piping are exposed to severe gas environments with a high carbon activity or content. The metal dusting corrosion is manifested by a disintegration of bulk metals, such as iron, nickel and cobalt to metal powders. The typical metal dusting process results from a series of sequential steps, including (i) rapid uptake of carbon into the metallic phase leading to saturation of the alloy matrix with carbon; (ii) formation of metastable carbides; and (iii) decomposition of these carbides into a loose film of carbon and metallic particles, which acts as catalyst for further carbon deposition. The exact mechanism may vary depending on the type of metal being used. The temperatures normally associated with metal dusting are about 400 C
to 800 C
(i.e., about 760 F to about 1500 F). At temperatures generally below 400 C
the rate of reaction to form the metastable carbide species is too low to be significant, while at temperatures above 800 C the carbon formation is minimal.
to 800 C
(i.e., about 760 F to about 1500 F). At temperatures generally below 400 C
the rate of reaction to form the metastable carbide species is too low to be significant, while at temperatures above 800 C the carbon formation is minimal.
(00046) To avoid the metal dusting corrosion in the oxygen based transport membrane based reforming system and associated components and piping, the system should be designed to avoid contact of any synthesis gas with metal surfaces having temperatures between about 400 C to 800 C. While it is possible to provide corrosion resistant coatings on all high temperature metal surfaces exposed to synthesis gas, such solution would be cost prohibitive. The alternative corrosion prevention technique employed in the present embodiments is to manage the temperatures of the synthesis gas so as to avoid contacting bare metal surfaces with synthesis gas in the deleterious temperature range where metal dusting corrosion occurs.
(00047) As will be described in more detail below, the present embodiments of the inventions achieve this temperature control of the metal surfaces exposed to the synthesis gas in several ways. In particular for the embodiments in Figs. 2 and 3, the oxygen based transport membrane based reforming system preferably recycles the synthesis gas in a high temperature state, generally above 800 C where the non-recycled portion of the synthesis gas is cooled in the PG boiler until the synthesis gas is cooled below 400 C.
The metal surfaces of the synthesis gas piping exiting the reactor are either maintained at a temperature above 800 C or have refractory surfaces. The metal surfaces in the PG boiler and other elements of the heat recovery system that are exposed to the synthesis gas are generally maintained at temperatures below about 400 C.
The metal surfaces of the synthesis gas piping exiting the reactor are either maintained at a temperature above 800 C or have refractory surfaces. The metal surfaces in the PG boiler and other elements of the heat recovery system that are exposed to the synthesis gas are generally maintained at temperatures below about 400 C.
(00048) In the embodiment of Fig. 1 where cooled synthesis gas is recycled back to the oxygen based transport membrane based reactor, the cooled recycled synthesis gas stream is maintained at temperatures below about 400 C. The recycled synthesis gas stream 163 can be preheated against steam or any other stream as long as the wall temperature is less than about 400 C. For this reason, the addition of superheated steam to the recycled synthesis gas stream should be avoided unless the addition of superheated steam maintains the temperatures below about 400 C
(00049) Turning now to Fig. 4, region 310 on the feed temperature versus feed steam to carbon ratio graph generally corresponds to a combined feed stream feed at a temperature near or below about 500 C and having a steam to carbon ratio of between 1.5 and 2.4. Because the present combined feed stream contains carbon monoxide produced in the pre-reformer, a combined feed stream having characteristics of region 310, may undergo unwanted Boudouard reactions thereby depositing excessive amounts of soot on the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system as well as associated components and piping. The Boudouard reaction is a redox reaction of a mixture of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide at a given temperature and involves the disproportionation of carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide and carbon (i.e. soot).
(00050) On the other hand, region 330 generally corresponds to a region of high temperature and low steam to carbon ratios where the combined feed stream is subject to carbon lay down in the reforming catalysts. Region 330 is generally depicted as the region to the right of the curve or plot line on the feed temperature versus steam to carbon ratio defined by two points, namely a feed temperature of near 500 C with a steam to carbon ratio of about 1.5 and a feed temperature of about 700 C with a steam to carbon ratio of about 2.4 (See Fig. 4).
(00051) It has been found that conditioning the combined feed stream to a particular temperature range and steam to carbon ratio which avoids regions 310 and 330 translates into an optimum operating regime with noticeably less reliability problems in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system due to carbon formation. This window of preferred operating characteristics for the combined feed stream is depicted generally as region 320 in Fig. 4.
(0052) Numerous, additions, changes and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiments of the present invention described above without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (28)
1. A method for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, the method comprising the steps of:
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting, a hydrogen containing stream fed to a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
transferring the heat via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor configured to produce a synthesis gas stream;
pre-treating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream by adding steam to form a pre-treated reformer feed stream;
combining the pre-treated reformer feed stream with the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce the synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements.
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting, a hydrogen containing stream fed to a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
transferring the heat via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor configured to produce a synthesis gas stream;
pre-treating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream by adding steam to form a pre-treated reformer feed stream;
combining the pre-treated reformer feed stream with the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce the synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements.
2. A method for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, the method comprising the steps of:
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with steam and then with a portion of the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements; and recycling a portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream wherein the recycled portion of the synthesis gas is maintained at a temperature of less than 400 °C or a temperature of greater than 800 °C such that the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is substantially free of metal dusting corrosion.
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with steam and then with a portion of the reaction product stream to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements; and recycling a portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream wherein the recycled portion of the synthesis gas is maintained at a temperature of less than 400 °C or a temperature of greater than 800 °C such that the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system is substantially free of metal dusting corrosion.
3. A method for producing synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system, the method comprising the steps of:
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with a portion of the reaction product stream and steam to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements;
cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system to a temperature of less than 400 °C via indirect heat exchange with a boiler feed water stream and wherein the steam is produced from the indirect heat exchange between the synthesis gas stream and the boiler feed water stream;
and feeding a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream;
wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
separating an oxygen containing stream into an oxygen permeate and an oxygen depleted retentate stream using a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements disposed in the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system;
reacting a hydrogen containing stream contacting a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements with the oxygen permeate to generate a reaction product stream and heat;
pre-heating a hydrocarbon containing feed stream and combining the pre-heated hydrocarbon containing feed stream with a portion of the reaction product stream and steam to produce a combined feed stream having a steam to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C;
reforming the combined feed steam in at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor in the presence of the catalyst and the heat generated by the reaction of the hydrogen containing stream and permeated oxygen to produce a synthesis gas stream, the at least one catalyst based reforming reactor disposed proximate the oxygen transport membrane elements;
cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system to a temperature of less than 400 °C via indirect heat exchange with a boiler feed water stream and wherein the steam is produced from the indirect heat exchange between the synthesis gas stream and the boiler feed water stream;
and feeding a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream;
wherein the oxygen transport membrane based reforming system and associated synthesis production process equipment are substantially free of carbon formation and metal dusting corrosion.
4. The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the combined feed stream has a steam to carbon ratio between 2.0 and 2.8 moles and a temperature between 600 °C
and 750 °C.
and 750 °C.
5. The method of claims 1 wherein the step of pre-treating the hydrocarbon containing feed stream by adding steam comprises combining the hydrocarbon containing feed stream and superheated steam to form the pre-treated reformer feed stream.
6. The method of claim 2, 3 or 5 wherein the steam is superheated steam at a pressure of between 15 bar to 80 bar and a temperature of between 300°C and 600 °C.
7. The method of claim 2, 3 or 5 wherein the superheated steam is produced by heating the steam via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream.
8. The method of claim 1 or 5 further comprising the step of feeding the pre-treated reformer feed stream to a pre-reformer to produce a pre-reformed feed stream comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide.
9. The method of claims 1, 2, or 3 further comprising the step of combining a source of hydrogen to the hydrocarbon containing feed stream and removing sulfur from the hydrocarbon containing feed stream.
10. The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 where the steam to carbon ratio of the reformer feed stream is greater than 0.8 moles.
11. The method of claims 1 further comprising the step of heating the pre-treated reformer feed stream to a temperature between 450 °C and 650 °C
via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream.
via indirect heat exchange with the oxygen depleted retentate stream.
12. The method of claims 1 further comprising the step of recycling a portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream.
13. The method of claim 2 or 12 wherein the step of recycling a portion of the synthesis gas stream further comprises:
cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to a temperature less than 400 °C;
compressing a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream and maintaining the temperature of the cooled, compressed synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C; and directing the cooled, compressed synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream that reacts with the permeated oxygen to generate the reaction product stream and the heat.
cooling the synthesis gas stream exiting the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to a temperature less than 400 °C;
compressing a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream and maintaining the temperature of the cooled, compressed synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C; and directing the cooled, compressed synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a part of the hydrogen containing stream that reacts with the permeated oxygen to generate the reaction product stream and the heat.
14. The method of claims 1 wherein the step of combining the pre-treated reformer feed stream with the reaction product stream further comprises mixing the reaction product stream with the pre-treated reformer feed stream using an ejector, eductor, or venturi based device configured to suction the reaction product stream at the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements into the ejector, eductor, or venturi based device with a motive fluid comprising the pre-treated reformer feed stream proximate an inlet to the catalyst containing reforming reactor.
15. The method of claims 1, 2 or 3 wherein the produced synthesis gas stream has a module of between 1.5 and 2Ø
16. The method of claims 1, 2, or 3 wherein the synthesis gas stream has a methane slip of less than 4 percent by volume.
17. The method of claim 3 wherein the step of feeding a portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport membrane elements further comprises:
compressing the portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream while maintaining the temperature of the cooled, compressed portion of the synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C; and directing the cooled, compressed portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to react with the oxygen permeate to generate the reaction product stream and heat.
compressing the portion of the cooled synthesis gas stream while maintaining the temperature of the cooled, compressed portion of the synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C; and directing the cooled, compressed portion of the synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to react with the oxygen permeate to generate the reaction product stream and heat.
18. The method of claim 3 further comprising the steps of:
feeding the oxygen depleted retentate stream to a duct burner where it reacts with a source of supplemental fuel to produce a heated exhaust stream; and heating the oxygen containing stream via indirect heat exchange with the heated exhaust stream using a continuously rotating ceramic regenerator disposed in operative association with the oxygen containing stream and a heated retentate stream.
feeding the oxygen depleted retentate stream to a duct burner where it reacts with a source of supplemental fuel to produce a heated exhaust stream; and heating the oxygen containing stream via indirect heat exchange with the heated exhaust stream using a continuously rotating ceramic regenerator disposed in operative association with the oxygen containing stream and a heated retentate stream.
19. An oxygen transport membrane based reforming system for producing synthesis gas comprising:
a reactor housing;
at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to produce a synthesis gas stream by reacting a combined feed stream in the presence of the catalyst and heat;
a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor, the reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elernents configured to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing feed stream and produce an oxygen permeate at a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements and an oxygen depleted retentate stream at a retentate side of the oxygen transport rnembrane elements;
a hydrogen containing stream fed to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport rnembrane elements, wherein the perrneated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen containing stream to reactively drive the separation of oxygen frorn the oxygen containing feed stream and to generate a reaction product strearn and heat that is transferred via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor; and wherein the combined feed stream comprises a pre-treated reformer feed stream and the reaction product stream with a stearn to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C; and wherein the pre-treated reformcr feed stream is at a pressure less than 20 bar and comprises a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed stream and steam.
a reactor housing;
at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor disposed in the reactor housing and configured to produce a synthesis gas stream by reacting a combined feed stream in the presence of the catalyst and heat;
a reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor disposed in the reactor housing proximate the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor, the reactively driven oxygen transport membrane reactor comprising a plurality of oxygen transport membrane elernents configured to separate oxygen from an oxygen containing feed stream and produce an oxygen permeate at a permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements and an oxygen depleted retentate stream at a retentate side of the oxygen transport rnembrane elements;
a hydrogen containing stream fed to the permeate side of the plurality of oxygen transport rnembrane elements, wherein the perrneated oxygen reacts with the hydrogen containing stream to reactively drive the separation of oxygen frorn the oxygen containing feed stream and to generate a reaction product strearn and heat that is transferred via convection to the oxygen depleted retentate stream and via radiation to the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor; and wherein the combined feed stream comprises a pre-treated reformer feed stream and the reaction product stream with a stearn to carbon ratio between 1.6 and 3.0 moles and a temperature between 500 °C and 750 °C; and wherein the pre-treated reformcr feed stream is at a pressure less than 20 bar and comprises a mixture of a hydrocarbon feed stream and steam.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein the cornbined feed strearn has a stearn to carbon ratio between 2.0 and 2.8 moles and a temperature between 600 °C and 750 °C.
21. The system of claim 19 wherein the pre-treated reformer feed comprises a mixture of the hydrocarbon feed stream and superheated stearn and wherein the superheated steam is at a pressure of between 15 bar and 80 bar and a temperature of between 300°C and 600 °C.
22. The system of claim 19 further comprising a pre-reformer configured to produce a pre-reformed feed stream comprising methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide from the pre-treated reformer feed stream.
23. The system of claim 19 further comprising an ejector, eductor, or venturi based device coupled to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements and an inlet side of the catalyst containing reforming reactor and configured to suction the reaction product stream into the ejector, eductor, or venturi based device with the pre-treated reformer feed stream as a motive fluid to produce the combined feed stream,
24. The system of claim 19 where the steam to carbon ratio of the pre-treated reformer feed stream is greater than 0.8 moles.
25. The system of claim 19 wherein the produced synthesis gas stream has a module of between 1.5 and 2Ø
26. The system of claim 19 wherein the synthesis gas stream has a methane slip of less than 4 percent by volume.
27. The system of claim 19 further comprising:
a heat exchanger network configured to : (i) cool the synthesis gas stream exiting the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to a temperature of less than 400 °C; (ii) produce the steam, and (iii) pre-heat the hydrocarbon containing feed stream;
and a recycle circuit coupling the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream and configured to recirculate a portion of the synthesis gas while maintaining the temperature of the recirculated synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C.
a heat exchanger network configured to : (i) cool the synthesis gas stream exiting the at least one catalyst containing reforming reactor to a temperature of less than 400 °C; (ii) produce the steam, and (iii) pre-heat the hydrocarbon containing feed stream;
and a recycle circuit coupling the cooled synthesis gas stream to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream and configured to recirculate a portion of the synthesis gas while maintaining the temperature of the recirculated synthesis gas stream at a temperature less than 400 °C.
28. The system of claim 19 further comprising a synthesis gas recycle circuit disposed within the reactor housing between an outlet of the catalyst containing reforming reactor and the permeate side of the oxygen transport rnembrane elements and configured to recirculate a portion of the synthesis gas exiting the catalyst containing reforming reactor to the permeate side of the oxygen transport membrane elements to form all or a portion of the hydrogen containing stream while maintaining the temperature of the recirculated synthesis gas at a temperature greater than 800 °C.
Applications Claiming Priority (13)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201361816310P | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | |
| US201361816297P | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | |
| US201361816293P | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | |
| US61/816293 | 2013-04-26 | ||
| US61/816297 | 2013-04-26 | ||
| US61/816310 | 2013-04-26 | ||
| US14/090,289 US9611144B2 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-11-26 | Method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system that is free of metal dusting corrosion |
| US14/090,194 US20140319425A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-11-26 | Method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system using a combined feed stream |
| US14/090289 | 2013-11-26 | ||
| US14/090194 | 2013-11-26 | ||
| US14/098731 | 2013-12-06 | ||
| US14/098,731 US9365422B2 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-12-06 | Method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system with recycling of the produced synthesis gas |
| PCT/US2014/033160 WO2014176020A1 (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2014-04-07 | Method and system for producing a synthesis gas in an oxygen transport membrane based reforming system |
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| CN (1) | CN105377750A (en) |
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| US6048472A (en) | 1997-12-23 | 2000-04-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Production of synthesis gas by mixed conducting membranes |
| US6296686B1 (en) | 1998-06-03 | 2001-10-02 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Ceramic membrane for endothermic reactions |
| US6114400A (en) | 1998-09-21 | 2000-09-05 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Synthesis gas production by mixed conducting membranes with integrated conversion into liquid products |
| US7261751B2 (en) | 2004-08-06 | 2007-08-28 | Conocophillips Company | Synthesis gas process comprising partial oxidation using controlled and optimized temperature profile |
| US7686856B2 (en) * | 2006-06-19 | 2010-03-30 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for producing synthesis gas |
| US8262755B2 (en) | 2007-06-05 | 2012-09-11 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Staged membrane oxidation reactor system |
| US20120148485A1 (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2012-06-14 | Morrow Jeffrey M | Steam methane reforming process |
| US8349214B1 (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2013-01-08 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Synthesis gas method and apparatus |
| CN102826508B (en) * | 2012-08-29 | 2015-02-18 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Method for preparing hydrogen by utilizing metallurgical slag waste heat to reform regenerative resources rich in methane |
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