CA2900365C

CA2900365C - Systems and methods using gravitational displacement

Info

Publication number: CA2900365C
Application number: CA2900365A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Trevor Hawthorne BOROCZ-JOHNSON
Original assignee: Borocz Johnson Trevor Hawthorne
Current assignee: Borocz Johnson Trevor Hawthorne
Priority date: 2012-02-07
Filing date: 2013-02-07
Publication date: 2020-10-27
Anticipated expiration: 2033-02-07
Also published as: WO2013172884A3; CA2900365A1; WO2013172884A4; WO2013172884A2

Abstract

Systems and methods for power generating systems using gravitational displacement are described. The method includes creating a temporary holding area by displacing an amount of a material from an object and partially filling the temporary holding area with water. Water operates a turbine by passing from a water source to the temporary holding area. The method also includes purging the water from the temporary holding area. Another example method includes at least partially filling the temporary holding area with a second material and operating an electrical generator by lowering the second material from a first elevation to a second elevation. The second elevation is within the temporary holding area. The method also includes purging the second material from the temporary holding area.

Description

SYSTEMS AND METHODS USING
GRAVITATIONAL DISPLACEMENT
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] The invention relates to power generation, and specifically relates to power generation systems using gravitational displacement.
DISCUSSION OF PRIOR ART

[0003] Energy consumption and energy generation are topics of constant development, particularly in light of desired improvements in green technology and conservation. Now with market uncertainty in the cost and allocation of oil, natural gas, and coal which can adversely affect the cost of generating electricity, alternate sources are being considered for the generation of energy. For instance, it is becoming increasingly popular to decrease fossil fuel consumption by use of renewable energy sources. However, many renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power are dependent upon suitable weather conditions to create energy. Additionally, electrical utilities are considering non-petroleum sources of power for the generation of electricity. Thus, many utilities have converted their facilities so that electricity can be generated by steam heated by the use of coal or by means of a nuclear reaction. Therefore, there is a need to develop methods of energy generation that do not rely on the weather or fossil fuel to remain effective.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0004] The following summary presents a simplified summary in order to provide a basic understanding of some aspects of the systems and/or methods discussed herein. This summary is not an extensive overview of the systems and/or methods discussed herein. It is not intended to identify key/critical elements or to delineate the scope of such systems and/or methods. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.

[0005] A first general aspect of the disclosure features a method including creating a temporary holding area by displacing an amount of a material from an object.
The method also includes at least partially filling the temporary holding area with an amount of water.
The method further includes operating a turbine by passing the water from a water source exterior to the temporary holding area to the temporary holding area. The method still further includes purging the water from the temporary holding area.

[0006] The object defined above can be the surface of the earth or a geological formation. Either the surface of the earth or the geological formation must be suitable to support a relatively large cavity created into its respective volume. The water source exterior to the temporary holding area defined above can be the ocean.

[0007] Referring now to specific features applicable to the first aspect of this disclosure, the step of at least partially filling the temporary holding area with an amount of water includes enabling water to flow from a first elevation to a second elevation. The second elevation is lower than the first elevation. As an example, the first elevation can be the elevation of sea level where a land mass meets the ocean, and the second elevation can be the elevation of a conduit outlet which introduces the water into the temporary holding area.

[0008] Referring to further specific features applicable to the first aspect of this disclosure, the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area includes an explosive detonation. In one example, the explosive detonation can include a nuclear detonation.

[0009] Referring to yet another specific feature applicable to the first aspect of this disclosure, after the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area, the steps of at least partially filling the temporary holding area, operating the turbine, and purging the water are repeated. In one example, the steps are repeated such that the step of purging the water is repeated periodically.

[0010] A second general aspect of the disclosure features a method of generating power by gravity displacement. The method includes creating a temporary holding area by displacing an amount of a first material from an object. The method also includes at least partially filling the temporary holding area with a second material. The method further includes operating an electrical generator by lowering the second material from a first elevation to a second elevation, wherein the second elevation is lower than the first elevation and the second elevation is within the temporary holding area. The method still further includes purging the second material from the temporary holding area. In one particular example, the object defined above can be the surface of the earth or a geological formation.
Either the surface of the earth or the geological formation must be suitable to support a relatively large cavity created into its respective volume.

[0011] Referring now to specific features applicable to the second aspect of this disclosure, the step of purging the second material from the temporary holding area includes an explosive detonation. In one example, the explosive detonation can include a nuclear detonation.

[0012] Referring to another specific feature applicable to the second aspect of this disclosure, after the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area, the steps of at least partially filling the temporary holding area, operating the turbine, and purging the water are repeated. In one example, the steps are repeated such that the step of purging the water is repeated periodically.

[0013] Referring to yet another specific feature applicable to the second aspect of this disclosure, the step of purging the second material includes propelling the second material along a fixed pathway that varies in elevation.

[0014] A third general aspect of the disclosure features a system for generating power including a temporary holding vessel constructed by creating a cavity in the ground.
The temporary holding vessel is located near a large water source, such as the ocean. At least a portion of the temporary holding vessel is located at a lower elevation than a surface of the large water source. The system for generating power also includes a passageway extending along a decline from the large water source into the temporary holding vessel.
Water from the large water source flows along the passageway to the temporary holding vessel. The system for generating power further includes a hydraulic turbine including blades mounted on a shaft. The blades are disposed in the passageway and moved by water flowing at a rapid flow rate from the large water source to the temporary holding vessel thereby rotating the shaft. The system for generating power still further includes a hydroelectric generator in which magnetism is used to generate electricity from the rotating shaft. The water emitted from the passageway at least partially fills the temporary holding vessel. The system for generating power also includes explosive material for creating an explosion that purges the water from the temporary holding vessel.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] The foregoing and other aspects of the example embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates upon reading the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached hereto are drawings which are part of this application.

[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a power generating system in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;

[0017] FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of an example cup-like structure located in a temporary holding area which can be used in the power generating system shown in FIG. 1;

[0018] FIG. 3 is similar to FIG. 2 and shows an alternate example cup-like structure and temporary holding area;

[0019] FIG. 4 is similar to FIGS. 2-3 and shows an example cup-like structure and temporary holding area combining features of similar structures shown in FIGS.
2-3;

[0020] FIG. 5 is cross-section schematic view of another example power generating system;

[0021] FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 1 showing an alternate arrangement of an example power generating system;

[0022] FIG. 7 shows a schematic view of another example power generating system; and

[0023] FIG. 8 shows a schematic view of another example power generating system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Example embodiments are described and illustrated in the drawings. These illustrated examples are not intended to be limiting. For example, one or more aspects of the disclosure can be utilized in other embodiments and even other types of devices. Moreover, certain terminology is used herein for convenience only and is not to be taken as limiting the features of the example embodiments. Still further, in the drawings, the same reference numerals are employed for designating the same elements.

[0025] Examples of methods of power generation using gravitational displacement in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure are described in detail below. In general, the described power generation systems are intended to use the natural gravitational force of the earth to help create power. For the purposes of this disclosure, a turbine is used to describe parts of power generation systems and is meant to include water-powered turbines, mechanically-powered electrical generator rotors, and similar equipment.
[00261 Turning to FIG. 1, a method for generating power by gravity displacement is schematically illustrated. The method includes creating a temporary holding area 20 by displacing an amount of a material (e.g., soil and/or rocks) 24 from an object

26. The temporary holding area 20 can be a relatively large cavity as shown, and the object 26 can be the earth or geological formation. In one example, the temporary holding area 20 is created by the use of explosives. The explosives displace a large amount of material 24 from the surface of the earth to create the temporary holding area 20. The dimensions of the temporary holding area 20 are dependent upon several factors including the power of the explosives, the type of soil or rock being displaced, fault lines, etc. In one example, a predetermined amount of explosive force is applied to create a temporary holding area 20 of particular dimensions. The particular dimensions such as a depth 28 and a diameter 30 can be calculated and predetermined to provide a temporary holding area 20 that has a depth 28 and a diameter 30 that will be adequate for predetermined power generation needs.
[00271 Examples of explosives that can be used in this method include, but are not limited to, conventional explosives, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nuclear devices (if and where use is legally permitted, the ecological effects are sanctioned and if there is a net energy gain), etc. It is to be appreciated, that the attendant economic costs of the manufacture of some explosives may make the use of nuclear devices in this disclosure beneficial. In another example, the method can further include the step of pre-drilling holes in the object 26 in order to control the shape and depth of the temporary holding area 20 resulting from an explosive detonation. Pre-drilled holes can also increase the likelihood of removing the desired amount of material from the object. It is also to be appreciated that the step of pre-drilling holes or other similar cutting operations can improve the process of removing the material 24 from the object 26. In one example, the pre-drilled area that will form the cavity creates a monolithic piece of material that can be forced from the object with the explosive detonation alone and/or in combination with a pulling force on the surface of the object 26. In another example, the pre-drilling can enable the material 24 to be removed in a relatively low number of pieces by explosive detonation alone or in combination with a pulling force.
[00281 The temporary holding area 20 can be located near a relatively large water source 34, such as an ocean, sea, bay, large lake, or the like, such that the relatively large water source 34 is exterior to the cavity. One example of the large water source 34 can be the ocean. A water conduit 36 (e.g., a pipe) can be created so that the temporary holding area 20 and the ocean are in fluid communication with one another. An inlet 38 can be included in the conduit 36 at the ocean, enabling ocean water to enter the conduit 36 and travel along its length as indicated by arrows 40 in FIG. 1. It is to be appreciated that the inlet 38 can include grates, filters, and/or other similar equipment in order to prevent relatively large objects from entering the conduit 36 and flowing through the conduit 36. FIG. 1 shows the conduit 36 having the inlet 38 where a land mass 44 meets the ocean and at a depth below the ocean surface, or sea level. Locating the inlet 38 at a depth below sea level, the method can benefit from hydrostatic pressure created by the height of the ocean water above the inlet 38. In other examples, the inlet 38 and conduit 36 can be located at other elevations than that shown in FIG. 1. For example, the inlet 38 may be relatively close to sea level and enable sea water to enter a section of conduit 45 that includes an elevation change, thereby taking the water flow from the ocean to a lower elevation. As the ocean water passes through the conduit 36, the water can operate a turbine 46. As the conduit 36 passes the water from the water source 34 exterior to the temporary holding area 20 into the temporary holding area 20, the conduit 36 can direct the ocean water to a turbine 46. As the ocean water interacts with the turbine 46, electricity or other forms of power can be generated from the flowing ocean water, thereby taking advantage of water's natural tendency to flow from higher elevations to lower elevations.
[0029] In particular, the water is forced across blades mounted on a shaft of the hydraulic turbine, which causes the shaft to turn.
A hydroelectric generator converts this mechanical energy into electricity. The operation of a generator is based on the principles discovered by Faraday. He found that when a magnet is moved past a conductor, it causes electricity to flow. In a large generator, electromagnets are made by circulating direct current through loops of wire wound around stacks of magnetic steel laminations. These are called field poles, and are mounted on the perimeter of the rotor. The rotor is attached to the turbine shaft, and rotates at a fixed speed. When the rotor turns, it causes the field poles (the electromagnets) to move past the conductors mounted in the stator. This, in turn, causes electricity to flow and a voltage to develop at the generator output terminals." The present embodiment differs from the temporary storage and pumping of water back up the passageway into the dam as disclosed in the above reference, in the use of explosives to purge the water from a temporary storage vessel that may include a lining to resist the effect of the explosive purging.
[0030] Kinetic energy removed from the ocean water may result in an ocean water flow within the conduit 36 having a lower velocity and/or lower pressure in the portion of the conduit 36 downstream from the turbine 46 in comparison to the portion of the conduit 36 upstream of the turbine 46. Just as the conduit 36 can be located at various elevations with respect to sea level as described above, the turbine 46 can also be located at various elevations to properly interact with the ocean water flowing through the conduit 36 and can also be located at sections of conduit 36 that are not horizontal so as to take advantage of water's natural tendency to flow from higher elevations to lower elevations.
[0031] The downstream outlet 48 of the conduit 36 can then enable the flow of ocean water to enter the temporary holding area 20 to at least partially fill the temporary holding area 20 with an amount of water. As shown, the step of at least partially filling the temporary holding area 20 with an amount of water can includes enabling the water to flow from a first elevation 50 to a second elevation 54, the second elevation 54 being lower than the first elevation 50. FIG. 1 shows the outlet 48 of the conduit 36 at an elevation relatively close to the bottom of the temporary holding area 20. It is to be understood that the outlet 48 can be placed at higher elevations relative to the bottom of the temporary holding area 20. At higher elevations, the ocean water leaving the outlet 48 will be less often impeded by the collection of ocean water within the temporary holding area 20 as the ocean water enters the temporary holding area 20.
[0032] The method further includes the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20. In one example, the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 or cavity can include an explosive detonation or explosion.
The explosion will force a significant portion of the ocean water within the temporary holding area 20 out of the temporary holding area 20, thus enabling the volume within the temporary holding area 20 to once again be at least partially filled with ocean water. As previously described, the explosions can be created by any number of devices and materials. Location of the detonation can be predetermined to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of the step of purging the water. For example, an explosive charge creating the explosive detonation can be placed near the bottom of the temporary holding area 20. In another example, the explosive charge can be placed at a height between the bottom of the temporary holding area 20 and the surface of the water within the temporary holding area 20. In yet another example, the explosive charge can be dropped from a height above the surface of the water and detonated as it enters the water.
[0033] After all or a portion of the ocean water is purged from the temporary holding area 20, the method can begin again, including at least partially filling the temporary holding area 20, operating the turbine 46, and purging the water from the temporary holding area 20. The step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 can occur periodically as needed to enable more ocean water to flow into the temporary holding area 20. Ocean water purged from the temporary holding area 20 may flow back to the ocean, enter local waterways, be absorbed in the ground, etc. It may be necessary to manipulate the landscape around the opening of the temporary holding area 20 such that the ocean water purged from the temporary holding area 20 does not simply flow back into the temporary holding area 20, but can be directed back into the ocean, for example.
[0034] While FIG. 1 shows one arrangement including single elements of the conduit 36, turbine 46, temporary holding area 20, and other components, it is to be appreciated that multiple such arrangements can be used together within a single power production system. Additionally, such multiple arrangements can be located on one site and/or on various sites along a coast line, etc. It is also to be appreciated that the electricity generated from the described method can be used for various purposes. Should the power production system be located near a metropolitan area, or other suitable connection to an electrical grid, the electricity can be sent to the metropolitan area or the electrical grid for typically known uses. In another example, should the power production system be located in a remote area, or is otherwise unable to be connected to an electrical distribution network, the electricity can be used to power an electrolysis plant to remove the constituent elements of hydrogen and oxygen from the abundant water source of the ocean. In this example, the hydrogen and oxygen can be contained separately and sold to various end users of elemental hydrogen and oxygen.
[0035] It may be beneficial to include special construction materials within the temporary holding area 20 so that the temporary holding area 20 is capable of enduring the demands of periodic explosive detonations. It may be beneficial to create the temporary holding area 20 within a mass of rock such as bedrock so that an explosive detonation can transfer much of its energy to the water. The bedrock walls can reflect a portion of the energy back to the water to help increase the energy added to the water and propel the water up and out of the temporary holding area 20. In another example, it may be beneficial to include a type of lining to a portion of the temporary holding area 20, such as a cup-like structure 56 toward the bottom of the temporary holding area 20 as shown in FIG. 2. As previously described, it may be beneficial to construct the cup-like structure 56 such that it is able to withstand periodic explosive detonations to purge the ocean water from the temporary holding area 20. The lining would need to be constructed of a material of suitable composition and thickness so as to withstand the explosive detonation forces.
[0036] The step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 can also include methods of purging other than by explosive detonation. For example, the water can be removed by evaporation. In some examples, the construction dimensions of the temporary holding area 20 may enable natural geothermal activity of the earth heat at least a portion of the water within the temporary holding area 20 and speed the evaporation process. In another example, the water may be purged by passing into the earth, such as by absorption. In another example, the water may be left in the temporary holding area 20 for a time, and the power generation process utilizes another temporary holding area 20 while water is evaporated and/or absorbed into the earth to purge the water from the first temporary holding area 20. The cost of construction of an additional or multiple temporary holding areas 20 can enable the process to become more energy efficient.
[0037] As with the method described in FIG. 1 and a may also be beneficial to construct the temporary holding area 20 to certain dimensions and proportions.
As shown in FIG. 2, the temporary holding area 20 can be constructed with a cup-like structure 56 to include particular dimensions such as a diameter 58, a total depth 60, and a depth of water 64.
Also shown in FIG. 2, the total depth 60 of the temporary holding area 20 can be significantly greater than the diameter 58. In this example, the step of purging the temporary holding area 20 uses more energy from the explosive detonation in a vertical direction than in a horizontal direction to expel water from the temporary holding area 20. The amount of explosive force required to purge water from the temporary holding area 20 is proportional to the total depth 60 of the temporary holding area 20. Some examples of temporary holding area 20 total depth 60 construction dimensions include about 12,000 feet, 10,000 feet, 8,000 feet, and 6,000 feet. The use of an explosive detonation in the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 may be about 10% efficient, meaning that about 10%
of the total explosive energy is used to purge the water from the temporary holding area 20. As such, the explosive force used for the purging step must be sized accordingly. In one example, the cup-like structure 56 can include steel and help reduce or eliminate damage to the interior of the temporary holding area 20 that might normally result from explosive detonations within the temporary holding area 20.

[00381 As shown in FIG. 3, the temporary holding area 20 and optional cup-like structure 56 can be constructed to other proportions and dimensions. For example, the diameter 58 of the temporary holding area 20 can be significantly greater than the total depth 60. In this example, the step of purging the temporary holding area 20 uses more energy from the explosive detonation in a horizontal direction than a vertical direction to expel water from the temporary holding area 20. Examples of temporary holding area 20 construction dimensions include a total depth 60 of about 3,000 feet, the depth of water 64 of about 2,000 feet, the bottom diameter of the cup-like structure 56 of about 5,000 feet, and the top diameter of the cup-like structure 56 is about 6,000 feet.
[00391 In another example, the cup-like structure 56 and the temporary holding area 20 can be a hybrid of the examples shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. As shown in FIG. 4, the temporary holding area 20 can include a relatively tall empty column 66 enabling some water to be purged from the temporary holding area 20 through the column 66 using energy from the explosive detonation in the vertical direction while energy in the horizontal direction can purge water from the temporary holding area 20 into an annular space 68 surrounding the temporary holding area 20.
[00401 Turning to FIG. 5, another example of the method is shown. In this example, a top opening area 70 of the temporary holding area 20 is surrounded by a first wall 74. The first wall 74 can be constructed to match the profile of the top opening area 70, for example, the first wall 74 can be circular when viewed from above. A second wall 76 can be provided a distance away from the first wall 74, and a floor 78 can be provided between the first wall 74 and the second wall 76 to create a substantially water-tight pool 80. In one example, the pool 80 can have an annular shape, although any suitable shape can be used.
The pool 80 can hold a quantity of water that is permitted to enter a conduit 36, such as a pipe that enables the water to flow from a first elevation 82 of the pool 80 to a lower elevation 84.
[00411 As with the previous example of the method, the conduit 36 can direct the water to a turbine 46. As the water interacts with the turbine 46 equipment, electricity or other forms of power can be created from the flowing water, thereby taking advantage of water's natural tendency to flow from higher elevations to lower elevations.
After interacting with the turbine 46, the conduit 36 can direct the water to the temporary holding area 20. The method further includes the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 as indicated by arrows 85. In one example, the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 can include an explosive detonation or explosion. The explosion forces a significant portion of the water within the temporary holding area 20 out of the temporary holding area 20 through the top opening area 70. As previously described, the explosions can be created by any number of devices and materials.
[0042] In this example of the method, all or a significant portion of the water purged from the temporary holding area 20 can be purged to the pool 80 surrounding the temporary holding area 20. As such, all or a majority of the water can be used repeatedly to at least partially fill the temporary holding area 20, operate the turbine 46, and purge the water from the temporary holding area 20. The step of purging the water from the temporary holding area 20 can occur periodically as needed to enable more water to flow into the temporary holding area 20. It may be necessary to periodically add water to the pool 80 in order to make up for losses through various mechanisms such as evaporation, vaporization, spills, leaks, etc.
[0043] Turning to FIG. 6, another example of the method is shown which is similar to the example shown in FIG. 1. In this example, the conduit inlet 38 can be at or relatively close to sea level. The conduit 36 then enables ocean water to flow via gravity to a hole 86 in the ground. The water can then be released into a series of buckets 88 or water wheel (e.g., having paddles or vanes extending outwardly from a hub that move upon rotation of the wheel about a fixed shaft when the descending water contacts the paddles or vanes), for example, a bucket conveyor 90 that are arranged substantially vertically within the hole 86. The force from the water filling the buckets 88 on one side of the conveyor 90 (i.e., the right side in FIG. 6) will drive the conveyor 90 by gravitational force. Empty buckets 88 are elevated back toward the elevation of the conduit 36 by the force of the water lowering buckets 88 on the opposing side of the conveyor 90. The buckets 88 can be configured to be self-dumping at the bottom of the hole 86. For example, the buckets 88 can be emptied by simple rotation of the buckets 88 moving from the right (full) side of the conveyor 90 to the left (empty) side of the conveyor 90. Water leaving the buckets 88 can then travel along the downstream portion of the conduit 94 to the temporary holding area 20, where the water passes through the outlet 48 into the temporary holding area 20.
[0044] In one example, an electrical generator 96 can be physically connected to a device on the conveyor 90. For instance, a gear at the top of the conveyor 90 (or water wheel) can be physically connected to the electrical generator 96. The connection can be direct or indirect (e.g., through a series of gears, gearboxes, shafts, belts, etc.). As in the previously described example, the electrical generator 96 can then create electricity for supply to an electrical distribution grid, an electrolysis plant 97, or other end uses. As shown in FIG. 6, the described components can be duplicated, such as in a linear array 98, represented by the visible tops of the holes proceeding to the rear of FIG. 6.
After the temporary holding area 20 is at least partially filled, the ocean water is purged from the temporary holding area 20 and the method can be repeated such that the temporary holding area 20 is periodically purged.
[0045] Turning to FIG. 7, a method for generating power by gravity displacement is schematically shown. The method includes creating a temporary holding area 20 by displacing an amount of a first material 100 from an object 26. The object 26 can be the surface of the earth, and the first material 100 can be dirt, rock, and/or any other material found in the surface of the earth. In one example, the temporary holding area 20 is created by the use of explosives. On the other hand, conventional earth moving construction equipment may be used to construct the temporary holding area 20. The explosives can displace a relatively large amount of the first material 100 from the surface of the earth to create a temporary holding area 20, such as a crater. The dimensions of the temporary holding area 20 are dependent upon several factors including the power of the explosives, the type of soil or rock being displaced, fault lines, etc. In one example, a predetermined amount of explosive force is applied to create a temporary holding area 20 of particular dimensions.
The particular dimensions such as a depth 104 and a diameter 106 can be calculated and predetermined to provide a temporary holding area 20 that has a depth 104 and a diameter 106 that will be adequate for the desired power generation needs. Examples of explosives that can be used in this method include, but are not limited to, conventional explosives, trinitrotoluene (TNT), nitroglycerine, nuclear devices, etc. It is to be appreciated that the use of nuclear devices may provide a benefit of lowering the economic costs of creating the temporary holding area 20 and later periodically purging the temporary holding area 20. In another example, the method can further include the step of pre-drilling holes in the object in order to control the shape and depth of the temporary holding area 20 resulting from an explosive blast.
[0046] In one example, the amount of the first material 100 removed from the object, such as the surface of the earth, will remain generally in the vicinity of the temporary holding area 20. One example method for generating power by gravity displacement includes at least partially filling the temporary holding area 20 with a second material 108. The second material 108 can include the first material 100 removed from the temporary holding area 20 in addition to other types of material found on the surface of the object. In some instances, the second material can include the first material 100 only. In one example, the temporary holding area 20 has been created, leaving the first material 100 displaced from the temporary holding area 20 in a ring pattern around the temporary holding area 20. This displaced first material 100 can be combined with other material that was not necessarily removed from the temporary holding area 20. In an alternative example, the second material 108 can include other materials such as waste construction materials, clean fill, unwanted or unused excavated material, organic waste, or other materials can be used in addition to or as an alternative to the displaced material. It may be beneficial to utilize a second material 108 such as sand or loosely compacted earth in order to take advantage of those materials' ability to have suitable flow properties and relatively low density and weight that may facilitate purging.
[00471 The method for generating power by gravity displacement includes operating an electrical generator 96 by lowering the second material 108 from a first elevation 110 to a second elevation 114, wherein the second elevation 114 is lower than the first elevation 110 and the second elevation 114 is within the temporary holding area 20. In one particular example, a vertical conveyor 116 can be constructed within the temporary holding area 20. The vertical conveyor 116 can be a bucket conveyor. The buckets can be filled with the second material 108 and then lowered into the temporary holding area 20.
Thus, as gravity lowers the second material 108 from a first elevation 110 to the bottom of the temporary holding area 20 at a second elevation 114, the vertical conveyor 116 is urged to move as the buckets on one side of the vertical conveyor 116 are laden with the second material 108. As the vertical conveyor 116 operates, the laden buckets travel down into the interior space of the temporary holding area 20, and the buckets are emptied at a second elevation 114 lower than the first elevation 110 where the second material 108 was placed into the buckets. The empty buckets then return to the first elevation 110, powered by the gravitational pull on the laden buckets on the opposite side of the vertical conveyor 116. In one example, the second elevation 114 is lower than the first elevation 110 and the second elevation 114 is within the temporary holding area 20. In this example, the vertical conveyor 116 can interact with components that can typically be associated with conveyors, such as interacting with shafts, bearings, drive train elements such as sprockets, etc. As shown in FIG. 7, the vertical conveyor 116 can interact with a second conveyor 118. The second conveyor 118 can be configured to transport the second material 108 from the exterior space of the temporary holding area 20 to the top of the vertical conveyor 116. In this example, the second conveyor 118 can transfer the second material 108 from buckets on the second conveyor 118 to buckets on the vertical conveyor 116. In another example, the vertical conveyor 116 and the second conveyor 118 can be segments of the same conveyor wherein buckets can pass along the second conveyor 118 onto the vertical conveyor 116 and back again.
[0048] As the vertical conveyor 116 operates, its interaction with any number of components such as shafts or sprockets can cause a rotation of the shaft and/or sprocket. In one example, a sprocket or shaft of the vertical conveyor can be physically connected to a shaft of the electrical generator 96. Thus, as the shaft and/or sprocket is turned, the electrical generator 96 is also turned, thereby creating power. The power created by the electrical generator 96 can be used to create any number of resources including electrical energy to be provided to a typical electrical power grid, battery charging power, kinetic energy to operate mechanical systems of manufacturing plants, power to provide electrolysis of water components into hydrogen and oxygen, and so forth. It is to be appreciated that any number of uses or forms of the power created by this method are contemplated by the present disclosure.
[0049] Over time, the temporary holding area 20 fills with the second material 108 that is lowered into the temporary holding area 20 to turn the electrical generator 96. It is to be understood that the height of the vertical conveyor 116 may not extend to the lower-most portion of the interior space of the temporary holding area 20. Additionally, the vertical conveyor 116 can be of a fixed or adjustable height, wherein the adjustable height enables the vertical conveyor 116 to release or dump the second material 108 at a height that is relatively close to the top of the accumulation of the second material 108 placed into the interior space of the temporary holding area 20. Furthermore, the release or dump point of the vertical conveyor 116 may be moved about the interior space of the temporary holding area 20 such that a relatively even distribution of the second material 108 is placed within the temporary holding area 20. Additionally, it will take an amount of time to at least partially fill the temporary holding area 20. During this time, power can be continuously created at the electrical generator 96, regardless of weather conditions, time of day, etc.
unlike conventional wind and solar generation stations which may depend upon the weather conditions and the time of day to reliably produce power.
[0050] Furthermore, as the temporary holding area 20 becomes filled, the operator of the power generation operation may desire to remove the second material 108 from the temporary holding area 20 so that the second material 108 can be lowered again by gravity to continue creating power. In that case, another explosive charge can be detonated to purge the material from the temporary holding area 20, thereby enabling the method steps to repeat. As with the first explosive charge detonated, calculations can be predetermined to aid in creating a temporary holding area 20 that conforms to the appropriate shape and size of the land available. The calculations can also include factors for how much material is to be removed in order to create power for a certain life cycle time of the power generating operation. The conveyor equipment and other equipment will be removed from inside and removed from nearby the temporary holding area 20 prior to the explosive detonation and returned to the temporary holding area 20 after the explosive detonation in order to avoid potential damage to the conveyor equipment.
[0051] As previously described, it may be beneficial to utilize a second material 108 such as sand or loosely compacted earth in order to take advantage of those materials' suitable flow properties, relatively low weight and density (e.g., compared to rocks). The method can utilize the natural ability of sand or loosely compacted earth to flow as it is loaded onto the described conveyors and into the temporary holding area 20.
The ability of the sand or loosely compacted earth to flow will also aid in the step of purging the temporary holding area 20, as these materials are more likely to absorb energy from an explosive detonation in order to purge the temporary holding area 20. In another example, it may be beneficial to conduct the method of power generation at a location that has an abundance of sand or loosely compacted earth which can be used repeatedly and supplemented by the abundant supply of sand or loosely compacted earth.
[0052] Turning to FIG. 8, another method of generating power by gravity displacement is shown. The method includes providing a fixed pathway 124 that varies in elevation. The fixed pathway 124 can be constructed in any number of ways, and it has a difference in elevation along its length. In one example, the fixed pathway 124 is a heavy-duty tube-shaped structure in a substantially vertical orientation. The tube extends from a temporary holding area 20 at a second elevation 126 to a first elevation 128 which is higher than the second elevation 126. It is to be understood that fixed pathway 124 design factors should include consideration for transporting a second material 108 which can include objects of relatively large weight. The objects of relatively large weight can be any number of objects. In one example, the objects of relatively large weight can be similar to cannonballs in that the objects of relatively large weight are substantially round and heavy. In one example, the objects of relatively large weight can each weigh about 400 to 500 pounds.
[0053] The method further includes detonating explosives to move at least one object of relatively large weight from the second elevation 126 of the fixed pathway 124 to the first elevation 128 of the fixed pathway 124. The design of the fixed pathway 124 at the second elevation 126 can include a temporary holding area 20 in which an explosive is detonated. The blast energy from the detonation is focused on the object of relatively large weight, and moves the object of relatively large weight along the fixed pathway 124 to a higher elevation, for example, the first elevation 128. This focused blast energy, increases the efficiency of the energy transfer from the blast energy to the object of relatively large weight when compared to other, non-focused explosive detonations. Calculations for the explosive detonation force can also include factors such as limiting damage to the fixed pathway 124, the elevation difference between the second elevation 126 and the first elevation 128, the weight of the object, and similar factors. The fixed pathway 124 includes structure at the first elevation 128 that prohibits the at least one object of relatively large weight from returning back down the initial pathway that it traversed immediately after the explosive detonation. In one example, this structure can take the form of a curved section 130 of the fixed pathway 124. The curved section 130 of the fixed pathway 124 limit the travel of the at least one object of relatively large weight to a second substantially vertical section 134 of the fixed pathway 124. It is to be appreciated that the height of the first elevation 128 and the construction of the fixed pathway 124 can be calculated in concert with the calculations for the explosive detonation to maximize efficiency. In one example, the explosive detonation can propel the object of relatively large weight to the first elevation 128 such that the object of relatively large weight reaches its peak elevation at first elevation 128.
In this way, the object of relatively large weight has a maximum value of potential energy that can be imparted to power generation equipment as will be described.
[0054] In this second substantially vertical section 134 of the fixed pathway 124, the method allows gravity to lower the at least one object of relatively large weight from the first elevation 128 of the fixed pathway 124 to the second elevation 126 of the fixed pathway 124. The fixed pathway 124 allows the controlled lowering of the at least one object of relatively large weight back to its position at the beginning of the method, i.e., above the temporary holding area 20 where explosive detonations occur. The second substantially vertical section 134 of the fixed pathway 124 includes a mechanical system to controllably lower the at least one object of relatively large weight from the first elevation 128 of the fixed pathway 124 to the second elevation 126 of the fixed pathway 124. This is accomplished by a conveyor system 136 that can have a number of buckets 138 or shelves, etc.
that hold the at least one object of relatively large weight as it is lowered in elevation. The buckets 138 are connected to a chain or other conveyor part to form a plurality of buckets or shelves operating together. In one example, the second substantially vertical section 134 of the fixed pathway 124 can be lowering a plurality of objects of relatively large weight at one time.

[0055] Additional devices can be added to the structure shown in FIG. 8 in order to collect and utilize the heat output of the explosive detonations. In one example, a closed-loop water system can be located near or around the explosive detonation area in order to remove heat from the lower end of the fixed pathway 24. The heat transfer from the structure and the surrounding environment to the water within the closed loop can be used to develop steam.
In turn, the steam can be used to power mechanical devices, operate a turbine to create electricity, supply heat to other objects or volumes, or any combination of these uses. The additional steam process can increase the efficiency of the described power generation system.
[0056] The method further includes the step of operating an electrical generator 96 so that gravitational force upon the object of relatively large weight both lowers the object of relatively large weight and operates the electrical generator 96. In one example, structure at the top of the conveyor system, such as a sprocket or shaft, can be rotated by the force of gravity acting upon the at least one object of relatively large weight. The sprocket or shaft can be mechanically connected to the electrical generator 96 in order to operate the electrical generator 96.
[0057] One benefit of the provided methods is low cost energy production. In several currently known methods of energy production, natural resources are mined, transported, and sold through various levels of commercial entities. Each step can be expensive, and each adds cost to the end user of the energy.
[0058] Another benefit of the provided methods includes the vast availability of ocean water, driven by gravity, to power an electrical generator or turbine.
In contrast, many hydroelectric generating stations rely upon rivers and impounded waters such as reservoirs behind dams. These systems have limited water amounts that must be controlled to prevent draining too much water from upstream areas, prevent downstream flooding, and sometimes balancing these needs with consideration for human use of the water. The described methods allow for usage of the vastly greater amount of ocean water around the globe.
[0059] Another benefit of the provided methods include the limited footprint for hydroelectric power generation plants. While some dam and reservoir systems encompass hundreds of square miles of land that may be otherwise useful, the described methods can employ hydroelectric power generation installations on the order of ten square miles.
[0060] Another benefit of the provided methods is the relatively low to zero pollution contribution to the associated air, land or water that are associated with the methods with the possible exception of using nuclear explosions. Turning turbines or other power creation devices can be of low pollution levels, particularly in comparison to burning fossil fuels and the destructive effects of mining to the natural flora and fauna of areas surrounding mines.
[0061] Another benefit of the provided methods is the provision of energy production without consuming the limited fossil fuels of the earth. Fossil fuels are precious, finite resources, and it is of benefit to all to limit their consumption.
[0062] The successful commercial implementation of the embodiments of this disclosure depend upon the feasibility of purging the material such as water from the temporary storage vessel using explosives (e.g., whether such use of explosives is permitted by law and whether the cost of building and operating the system is significantly less than the value of the electricity that is generated).
[0063] This disclosure has been described with reference to the example embodiments described above. Modifications and alterations will occur to others upon a reading and understanding of this specification. Example embodiments incorporating one or more aspects of the disclosure discussed above are intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for generating power by gravity displacement, the method including:
creating a temporary holding area by displacing an amount of a material from the ground;
at least partially filling the temporary holding area with an amount of water;
operating a turbine by passing the water from a water source exterior to the temporary holding area to the temporary holding area;
creating a non-obstructed path in the atmosphere between a surface of the water in the temporary holding area and a surface of the ground; and purging the water from the temporary holding area through the non-obstructed path;
wherein the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area includes an explosive detonation which removes the water from the temporary holding area.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the ground is the surface of the earth such that the temporary holding area includes an opening exposed to the atmosphere.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water source is an ocean.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of at least partially filling the temporary holding area with an amount of water includes enabling the water to flow from the water source at a first elevation to the temporary holding area at a second elevation, the second elevation being lower than the first elevation.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the explosive detonation displaces at least some of the water into the atmosphere.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the explosive detonation includes a nuclear detonation.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of purging the water from the temporary holding area, the steps of at least partially filling the temporary holding area, operating the turbine, and purging the water arc repeated such that the step of purging the water is repeated periodically.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of creating the temporary holding area comprises displacing material from the ground with the use of explosives.

9. The method according to claim 8, creating the temporary holding area comprises drilling holes in the ground and/or cutting the ground to influence a shape and depth of the temporary holding area created with the explosives.

10. A method for generating power by gravity displacement, the method including:
creating a temporary holding area by displacing an amount of a first material from the ground such that the temporary holding area includes an opening exposed to the atmosphere;
at least partially filling the temporary holding area with a second material;
operating an electrical generator by lowering the second material from a first elevation to a second elevation with a lowering device, wherein the second elevation is lower than the first elevation and the second elevation is within the temporary holding area, and wherein the electrical generator is mechanically coupled to the lowering device; and purging the second material from the temporary holding area and into the atmosphere wherein the step of purging the second material from the temporary holding area includes an explosive detonation.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the ground is the surface of the earth.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the explosive detonation includes a nuclear detonation.

13. The method according to claim 10, wherein after the step of purging the second material from the temporary holding area, the steps of at least partially filling the temporary holding area, operating the electric generator, and purging the second material are repeated such that the step of purging the second material is repeated periodically.

14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of purging the second material includes propelling the second material along a fixed pathway that varies in elevation.

15. The method according to claim 10, wherein the step of creating the temporary holding area comprises displacing material from the ground with the use of explosives.

16. The method according to claim 10, wherein creating the temporary holding area comprises drilling holes in the ground and/or cutting the ground to influence a shape and depth of the temporary holding area created with the explosives.

17. A system for generating power comprising:
a temporary holding area constructed by creating a cavity in the ground, the temporary holding area being located near a water source, at least a portion of the temporary holding area being located at a lower elevation than a surface of the water source such that the temporary holding area includes an opening exposed to the atmosphere;
a passageway extending along a slope from the water source into the temporary holding area, whereby the water from the water source flows along the passageway to the temporary holding area;
a hydraulic turbine including blades mounted on a shaft, wherein the blades are disposed in the passageway and moved by the water flowing from the water source to the temporary holding area thereby rotating the shaft;
a hydroelectric generator in which magnetism is used to generate electricity from the rotating shaft;
wherein the water emitted from the passageway at least partially fills the temporary holding area;
and explosive material for creating an explosion that purges the water from the temporary holding area.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein the water source is an ocean.

19. The system according to claim 17, wherein the temporary holding area includes a lining made of a material at a thickness suitable to withstand the explosion.

20. The system of clam 17, wherein the temporary holding area includes a wall formed of rock and/or soil without a lining.

21. The system according to claim 17, wherein the step of creating the temporary holding area comprises displacing material from the ground with the use of explosives.

22. The system according to claim 21, wherein the step of creating the temporary holding area comprises drilling holes in the ground and/or cutting the ground to influence a shape and depth of the temporary holding area created with the explosives.

23. The method of claim 10, wherein the second material comprises a solid material.