CA2883633C - Process for filtration enhancement of aqueous dispersions - Google Patents
Process for filtration enhancement of aqueous dispersions Download PDFInfo
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- CA2883633C CA2883633C CA2883633A CA2883633A CA2883633C CA 2883633 C CA2883633 C CA 2883633C CA 2883633 A CA2883633 A CA 2883633A CA 2883633 A CA2883633 A CA 2883633A CA 2883633 C CA2883633 C CA 2883633C
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
- C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/01—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation using flocculating agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
- C02F1/5263—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using natural chemical compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/10—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from quarries or from mining activities
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- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A method for enhancing filtration performance in separating solids from liquids in an aqueous dispersion comprising a solids phase and a liquid phase in a two step process having a physical separation step and a filtration step comprising adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the aqueous dispersion during and/or before the physical separation step resulting in concentrate and filtering the concentrate. The method may be applied in mining operations for dewatering mining slurry. Also, a composition applied in such method comprising at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer. The filtration aid promoter comprises natural polymers, semi-natural polymers, coagulants and combinations thereof.
Description
PROCESS FOR FILTRATION ENHANCEMENT OF AQUEOUS DISPERSIONS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention [0001] The invention relates to compositions and methods which enhance the filtration of aqueous dispersions. For example, in dewatering aqueous mineral slurries by adding a filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer to the aqueous dispersion prior to filtration. In particular, the method enhances filtration when the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are added prior to and/or during separation of solids phase from liquid phase in an aqueous slurry but prior to the filtration of the concentrated aqueous phase. The compositions and methods have particular application with respect to mining slurries.
The Related Art [00021Conventional metallurgical processing techniques involve the separation of valuable minerals from the low value gangue in an aqueous medium. Mineral ores go through numerous processing operations to extract valuable constituents. Processing operations, such as crushing, grinding, sieving, cycloning, and flotation are used to enrich the most desirable components to form a mineral concentrate. Valuable minerals that are concentrated include precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), base metals (copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum), iron and coal. Once concentrated the aqueous mineral slurry is typically subjected to a mechanical dewatering process to remove liquid water from the mineral slurry concentrate. Excess moisture content in the dewatered mineral slurry may have deleterious effects on the downstream process operations, which may include pelletizing, autoclaving, calcining, or smelting, or greatly increase transportation costs.
[0003] Wet processing is used because this type of process improves efficiency, increases recovery, lowers costs, and minimizes air pollution. Ore enrichment techniques, such as flotation processes, produce a mineral concentrate that contains an excessive amount of water. In order to reduce energy costs associated with downstream operations and decrease transportation costs, as much of the water should be removed as possible. Generally, dewatering is accomplished with gravity thickeners, clarifiers, hydrocyclones, vacuum filtration and/or pressure filtration.
[0004] For example, the mineral slurry may be dewatered in a two step method comprising liquid solid separation, such as in a gravity thickener, clarifier and/or hydrocyclone, which produces a liquid phase, supernatant, and a concentrate or undertow. The concentrate or underflow comprises the valuable minerals which require further dewatering which occurs in a second step in which the concentrate or underflow is filtered, such as through vacuum filtration and/or pressure filtration.
[0005] Gravity thickeners, clarifiers and hydrocyclones are typically used to dewater mineral concentrates with the aid of coagulating and flocculating agents.
While beneficial to sedimentation, these agents hinder further downstream mechanical dewatering.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention [0001] The invention relates to compositions and methods which enhance the filtration of aqueous dispersions. For example, in dewatering aqueous mineral slurries by adding a filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer to the aqueous dispersion prior to filtration. In particular, the method enhances filtration when the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are added prior to and/or during separation of solids phase from liquid phase in an aqueous slurry but prior to the filtration of the concentrated aqueous phase. The compositions and methods have particular application with respect to mining slurries.
The Related Art [00021Conventional metallurgical processing techniques involve the separation of valuable minerals from the low value gangue in an aqueous medium. Mineral ores go through numerous processing operations to extract valuable constituents. Processing operations, such as crushing, grinding, sieving, cycloning, and flotation are used to enrich the most desirable components to form a mineral concentrate. Valuable minerals that are concentrated include precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), base metals (copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum), iron and coal. Once concentrated the aqueous mineral slurry is typically subjected to a mechanical dewatering process to remove liquid water from the mineral slurry concentrate. Excess moisture content in the dewatered mineral slurry may have deleterious effects on the downstream process operations, which may include pelletizing, autoclaving, calcining, or smelting, or greatly increase transportation costs.
[0003] Wet processing is used because this type of process improves efficiency, increases recovery, lowers costs, and minimizes air pollution. Ore enrichment techniques, such as flotation processes, produce a mineral concentrate that contains an excessive amount of water. In order to reduce energy costs associated with downstream operations and decrease transportation costs, as much of the water should be removed as possible. Generally, dewatering is accomplished with gravity thickeners, clarifiers, hydrocyclones, vacuum filtration and/or pressure filtration.
[0004] For example, the mineral slurry may be dewatered in a two step method comprising liquid solid separation, such as in a gravity thickener, clarifier and/or hydrocyclone, which produces a liquid phase, supernatant, and a concentrate or undertow. The concentrate or underflow comprises the valuable minerals which require further dewatering which occurs in a second step in which the concentrate or underflow is filtered, such as through vacuum filtration and/or pressure filtration.
[0005] Gravity thickeners, clarifiers and hydrocyclones are typically used to dewater mineral concentrates with the aid of coagulating and flocculating agents.
While beneficial to sedimentation, these agents hinder further downstream mechanical dewatering.
2 [0006] All parts and percentages set forth herein are on a weight by weight basis unless otherwise specified. Mw is the weight average molecular weight as determined by SEC-MALLS analysis. MALLS shall mean and refer to multi-angular laser light scattering. SEC-MALLS shall mean and refer to a size exclusion chromatography technique using MALLS to determine Mw.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention pertains to compositions comprising filtration aid promoters and synthetic polymer. These compositions are applied in methods for separating solids from liquids in aqueous dispersions comprising a filtration step.
The filtration aid and synthetic polymer are added to the aqueous dispersion prior to and/or during the physical separation of a solid phase from a liquid phase, such as allowing the solids to settle from the dispersion. The solid phase may then be filtered. Filtration aid promoters include at least one of natural polymers, semi-natural polymers or coagulants. Combinations of such may be used.
[0008] Typically, the composition is applied in dewatering processes in mining operations. Such dewatering processes generally comprise two steps, the first step involving liquid solid separation and the second separate step involving filtration of concentrate or underflow from the liquid solid separation step.
The liquid solid separation is typically accomplished with gravity thickeners, clarifiers, hydrocyclones and the like. Filtration is generally accomplished by vacuum filtration, pressure filtration and the like. The filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are added to a mineral slurry prior to the liquid solid separation step, during the liquid solid separation step or both during and prior to the liquid solid
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention pertains to compositions comprising filtration aid promoters and synthetic polymer. These compositions are applied in methods for separating solids from liquids in aqueous dispersions comprising a filtration step.
The filtration aid and synthetic polymer are added to the aqueous dispersion prior to and/or during the physical separation of a solid phase from a liquid phase, such as allowing the solids to settle from the dispersion. The solid phase may then be filtered. Filtration aid promoters include at least one of natural polymers, semi-natural polymers or coagulants. Combinations of such may be used.
[0008] Typically, the composition is applied in dewatering processes in mining operations. Such dewatering processes generally comprise two steps, the first step involving liquid solid separation and the second separate step involving filtration of concentrate or underflow from the liquid solid separation step.
The liquid solid separation is typically accomplished with gravity thickeners, clarifiers, hydrocyclones and the like. Filtration is generally accomplished by vacuum filtration, pressure filtration and the like. The filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are added to a mineral slurry prior to the liquid solid separation step, during the liquid solid separation step or both during and prior to the liquid solid
3 separation step. The liquid solid separation step produces concentrate or underflow which requires further dewatering through a separate filtration step.
[0009] Without being bound to any theory, the inventors believe that the application of the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer prior to and/or during the physical separation step affects the rheology of the resulting concentrate (or underflow) which enhances the filtration process in the subsequent filtration step. For example, the combination of the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer when applied prior to and/or during the liquid solid separation step in mining operations increases the production of the filter cakes resulting from the separate filtration step.
[009a] In a broad aspect, moreover, the present invention relates to a method for enhancing filtration performance in separating solids from liquids of a mining slurry comprising a two-step process having a physical separation step and a filtration step adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the mining slurry during, before or both during and before the physical separation step resulting in a concentrate and filtering the concentrate;
wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of water soluble anionic polymers, cationic polymers, amphoteric polymers, nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of (a) an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof; (b)a cationic polymer
[0009] Without being bound to any theory, the inventors believe that the application of the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer prior to and/or during the physical separation step affects the rheology of the resulting concentrate (or underflow) which enhances the filtration process in the subsequent filtration step. For example, the combination of the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer when applied prior to and/or during the liquid solid separation step in mining operations increases the production of the filter cakes resulting from the separate filtration step.
[009a] In a broad aspect, moreover, the present invention relates to a method for enhancing filtration performance in separating solids from liquids of a mining slurry comprising a two-step process having a physical separation step and a filtration step adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the mining slurry during, before or both during and before the physical separation step resulting in a concentrate and filtering the concentrate;
wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of water soluble anionic polymers, cationic polymers, amphoteric polymers, nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of (a) an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof; (b)a cationic polymer
4 , comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and (c) a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N- vinylpyrrolidone; and (d) an amphoteric polymer.
[009b] In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for enhancing filtration of mining slurries comprising at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer, wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of (a) an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof; (b) a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and 4a quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and (c) a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone.(d) an amphoteric polymer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] Among the natural polymers that can be used for the filtration aid promoter are polysaccharides, such as potato starch, xanthan gums, guars, dextran, cellulose derivatives and glycosaminoglycans. Typically, the polydispersity index ("PDI") of the polysaccharide is from about 1.0 to about 10.0, more typically from about 1.1 to about 9.0, and most typically from about 1.2 to about 8Ø
Persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
[0011] The natural polymer preferably comprises dextran, which is generally available from various suppliers. Dextran having a Mw of from about 5,000 to about 40,000,000, preferably from about 50,000 to about 25,000,000 and more preferably from about 200,000 to about 10,000,000, may be used. Persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all 4b ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
Natural polymers sold under the trade names ZALTA VM 1120 and ZALTA VM
1122, both available from Ashland Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
("Ashland"), may be used.
[0012] The semi-natural polymers include lignosulfonates, such as calcium lignosulfonate, and chemically modified polysaccharides. Modified polysaccharides typically useful in the process include modified starches, such as cationic starch; modified guar gum, such as cationic guar gum; and modified celluloses such as anionic carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Combinations of semi-natural polymers may be used.
[0013] The coagulant is typically selected from an inorganic coagulant, organic coagulant and combinations thereof. Inorganic coagulants include aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and sodium aluminate. Organic coagulants include polymers formed from the monomers diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethylene imine and the comonomers of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine. Inorganic coagulants also include cationically-modified tannins and melamine formaldehyde. Such coagulants include CHARGEPAC 60, =
CHARGEPAC 7 and AMERSEP 5320, all available from Ashland.
[0014] Synthetic polymers include water-soluble anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric polymers. For purpose of this disclosure, synthetic polymer shall include copolymers and terpolymers, as well as honnopolymers. Typically the synthetic polymer has a Mw of from about 40,000 to about 25,000,000, and persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
The synthetic polymer may be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Typically, the synthetic polymer functions as a flocculant.
[0015] Nonionic polymers include polymers formed from one or more water soluble ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers, for instance acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, preferably acrylamide. Nonionic polymers also include alkoxylated multifunctional alcohols.
[0016] Cationic polymers are formed from one or more ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomers optionally with one or more of the nonionic monomers mentioned previously. The cationic polymer may also be amphoteric provided such that there are predominantly more cationic groups than anionic groups.
The cationic monomers include dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylates, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamides, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, including acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts thereof. Typical cationic monomers include the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate. Of particular interest are the copolymer of acrylamide with the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate (ADAME); the copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC); and the copolymer of acrylamide and acryloloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC); and the copolymer of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine.
[0017] The anionic synthetic polymers are formed from one or more ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomers or a blend of one or more anionic monomers with one or more of the nonionic monomers mentioned previously. The anionic monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-actylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide, mixtures thereof, and salts thereof.
[0018] Of particular interest are copolymers and/or terpolymers of monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, AMPS, acrylic acid, and (meth)acrylic acid. For example, the anionic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of copolymers derived from 2-acrylarnido 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide, homopolymers of acrylic acid, homopolymers of acrylamide, and combinations thereof. Typically used as anionic polymer are the copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide and the copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide.
[0019] Also of particular interest are copolymers of AMPS and acrylamide wherein the mole percent of AMPS is from about 10 mole percent to about 25 mole percent, and terpolymers of AMPS, acrylamide, and acrylic acid wherein the mole percent of AMPS is from about 10 mole percent to about 30 mole percent, the mole percent of acrylamide is from about 40 mole percent to about 60 mole percent, and the mole percent of acrylic acid is from about 20 mole percent to about 40 mole percent. Otherwise, homopolymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide are of particular interest.
[0020] The filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are applied in methods for separating solids from a liquid dispersion. This process comprises the steps of adding the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer to an aqueous dispersion of solids in liquids prior to and/or during the physical separation of the solids from the liquid resulting in a concentrate comprising solids, recovering the concentrate and then filtering the concentrate. Enhanced filtration is achieved with this method. Physical separation can occur by allowing the solids to settle from the liquid through force of gravity, optionally with flocculation and/or agglomeration of the solid particles.
[0021] The method may be applied in mining operations. A method for dewatering mining slurries, in particular enhanced filtration performance, in a two step process having a liquid solid separation step and a filtration step comprises adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the mining slurry during or before, or both during and before, the liquid solid separation step and then filtering the concentrate or underf low from the liquid solid separation step. Typically, the mining slurries are aqueous dispersions comprising minerals, such as those selected from the group consisting of gold, phosphate, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum, iron, coal and the like. Typically, the liquid solid separation step is performed in a means for separating liquids from solids, such as a gravity thickener, clarifier or hydrocyclone and the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer may be added to the aqueous dispersion while the dispersion is in such means and/or prior to the dispersion entering such means. The filtration step is generally conducted in a means for filtering solids from liquids, such as a filter press or vacuum filter.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of Aqueous Dispersions for Filtration [0022] Unless otherwise indicated, aqueous dispersion samples were prepared by adding 1000 mL. of an aqueous dispersion to a graduated cylinder, where it was treated by adding the specified components of the filtration aid promoter (i.e.
coagulant, natural polymer and/or semi-natural polymer) as set forth in Table I, and tamping the filtration aid promoter into the dispersion three times with a plunger having perforated holes.
[0023] Next, the synthetic polymer was added to the aqueous dispersion using the same mixing technique and number of tamps. Synthetic Polymer A used in the Examples is an anionic copolymer available under the trade name FLOPAM
AN 113 from SNF Floerger, Andrezieu, France. The suppliers and/or trade names for the synthetic polymer and the component(s) of the filtration aid promoter are set forth in Table IA.
[0024] The aqueous dispersion settled and was allowed to rest in the graduated cylinder for 72 hours. The supernatant was then siphoned out of the graduated cylinder until there were only concentrated solids, i.e. the concentrate, left in the cylinder. The resulting slurries were quantitatively transferred into appropriately sized beakers for filtration.
Pressure Filtration , [0025] Unless otherwise indicated, filtration of concentrated slurries was conducted at 30 psig with a FANNO Filter Press. (FANN Instrument Company, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.) and hardened, low-ash FANN filter paper with a particle size retention range of 2-5 pm. Prior to transferring to the filter press, samples were first hand-mixed for 15 seconds. After transferring the sample, the filter press was sealed and pressurized air was applied to the filter press. The volume of liquid removed from the concentrated sample was measured as a function of time after application of the pressurized air. .
Table I.
iSample ! Composition j Mw (g/mol) Ion ic ity !Synthetic Polymer A i ! 1' 200' 000 : Anionic 1 d :
Coagulant A 1 . Cationic !Coaguiant4 ! 1 = Cationic , +
!Coagulant C I ! Cationic !Natural Polymer A Dextran Syrup 111,600,000 Non-ionic !
!Natural Polymer B Dextran Syrup i 9,200,80-0 .T Non-ionic Natural Polymer C Dextran Syrup , 24,680,000 Non-ionic i Natural Polymer D Dextran Syrup 28,700,000 Non-ionic:
!Natural Polymer E Dextran Syrup 1,360,000 !Non-ionic!
!Natural Polymer F Dextran Syrup 4,910,000 Non-ionic !
iNatural Polymer G Dextran . 677,000 !Non-ionic !Natural Polymer H Dextran :500,000 (1)! Non-ionic _.
i Natural Polymer I Dextran: 44,000 Non-ionic Natural Polymer J Dextran : 40,000 (1) Non-ionic !Semi-natural Polymer A' Cationic Guar ', Cationic Semi-natural Polymer B Cationic Guar : Cationic ;Note E _I
!(1) Nominal molecular weight.
..i Table IA.
Sample Tradename !Synthetic Polymer A SNF Flopam AN 113 Coagulant A Chargepac 7 , iCoagulant B Amersep 5320 Coagulant C Chargepac 60 :Natural Polymer A Zalta VM 1120 , :Natural Polymer B Zalta VM 1120 -Natural Polymer C Zalta VM 1122 Natural Polymer D Zalta VM 1122 r Natural Polymer E Zalta VM 1120 .Natural Polymer F Zalta VM 1122 :Natural Polymer G Zalta VM 1120 :Natural Polymer H Zalta VM 1122 ;Natural Polymer I Zalta VM 1120 ' Natural Polymer J Zalta VM 1122 , 'Semi-natural Polymer A N-Hance BF17 Semi-natural Polymer B1 N-Hance 3215 Examples 1-16 and Comparative Examples A and B
[0026] These examples illustrate the use of natural polymers of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate. Comparative Examples A and B used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. For Examples 6, 15 and 16, an additional 30 grams per ton of Natural Polymer A was added prior to filtration.
[0027] In all examples, except for Examples 4 and 5, the natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added first followed by the addition of Synthetic Polymer A. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 47.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) was kept constant at 53.1 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%. The natural polymers used and the ratio of natural polymer to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table II. The times for filtering 10 and 20 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 10 mLs and `)/0 20 mLs).
These values and the average of % 10 mLs and % 20 mLs are set forth in Table It.
[0028] The data in Table 11 demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate increased when natural polymers were used in conjunction with Synthetic Polymer A. Examples 4 and 5 indicate that order of addition (Synthetic Polymer A dosed prior to Natural Polymer A) does not negatively impact the filtration rate of the aqueous dispersion. Examples 6, 15 and 16 demonstrate that additional _Natural Polymer A does not positively or negatively impact the filtration rate.
-'be;
= ;Flocculent Time fcr True for Sale Rate % %
=
: Example X Substrate :Solids (biL) Reagenl(s) Wade :Dose (WI) 10 els Cs) :20 ate (a) IC nal, 20 tas 10 m.L.1 '20 luta Auera4'e A Go ki Concentre4e 47.1 :Synthetic Polymer A Cnly ! 094 ;
53.1 ; 21 79 0.48 0.26 ;- 1 Cold Concentrate ; 471 ;Nakral Polymer A pen Symnellc nelymer A : 25% ; 101 10 an risn : 025 10.5 14.7 125 i 2 . 2511 Concentrate : 47.1 !Nab. ral Polymer A elus SerehetIc Pclymer 75% 53.1 1101 = o=se 03311.7 27.6 53.5 ! 3 Sold Conceotrate. 47.1 Polymer A One Synthetic Polymer A ! 63.1 la = so ; 0.55 0.33 10.5 30.0 . 20.3 . 4 nod Concentrate 47.1 reireheec Merrier A plus Natural Polymer A 25% 55.1 1 17 01 0.59 &II' = 5 :Coll Concentrate 471 :Syntheno Polymer A plus Natural Potwar A SO% 03.1 15 65 : 0.63 231 . 10.5 ZOL: 15.3 O Gall Concentrate 47.1 Nat:ral Polymer A plas Synthetic Polymer A (1: 50% ; 63.1 1 18 54 0.68 : 031 = 10 7 ! 213 11.3 B .GolJ Gonounti en 471 T.Synthetic Polymer A Only 7 Gold Concentivie 471 '341,41 Polymer B plus Syrrilal. Pol,ler A ' 35% 03.1 L 18 tee 0.58 0.31 = 222 14.1 , 19.1 8 Gold Concentrete 471 Melted Polymer On Synthetic Prirer A
83.1 20 -1 66 0.50 0.30 ; 10.0 I 10.6 ! 10.3 O Gold Concentrate 471 f=leturel Polymer El pis Syrrtneetic Polyner A . 50% 63.1 18 1 as 0.58 531 - 22.2 12.5- I 17.3 " 10 = Gina conneniraia 471 NalIalPGyrrerCldlalSyrIIletOPDSmerA ie.. !. Dia 0:55'. la 1 21.7 21.5 : 11 Geld Coneereele 471 14efura1 Polymer C Flux Synthetic Polymer A 50% . 53.1 ; is 62 ; 0.0e 5.32 222 17.7 = 12 .70old Concentrate - 47.1 'Natural Poi yrr er gius Synthetic Polymer A 1.25% = 62.1 : 17 : 81 060 ] 0.35 i 24.4 19.7 24.5 =
13 -Gold Concentrate4/.1 Natural Polymer C blue Synthelte Polymer A
137.5% 55.1 19 I 60 i 0.53 ; 230 i 128 10.6 13.2 . 14 -GoldConcentrate i 471 .1,Zetural Polymer n Ftnx Synthetic Polymer A ; 50% 53.1 10 66 0.53 -Om ! 15.0 10.6 13.2 :15 Gol d Concentrate ; 47.1 Natural Palmer 13 Os Synthetic Po ymer A (1) r 26% 53.1 1/1 1! Be L 0.55 ; 0.25 222 E &UT '14.0 ' le 'Gold Canceirtrele : 47.1 !Natural Polymer plus Synthetic Po ymer A (1) 337.5% ' 53.1 19 64 0.511 0.31 ; 2.22 14.1 ;
--- ;
= 1 = !
;(1) 30 gf7 of Natural POlyttler A 4pIred atersetting.ndor to filtration =
=
Examples 17-74 and Comparative Examples C, D, E and F
[0029] These examples illustrate the use of natural polymers of Table 1 with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing phosphate ore. Comparative Examples C, D, E and F
used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion ranged from 215.9 to 285.3 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples ranged from 39.4 to 52.1 grams per ton while the ratio of natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 200%. The natural polymers used and the ratio of natural polymer to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table Ill. The times for filtering 15 and 30 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 15 mLs and % 30 mLs).
These values and the average of % 15 mLs and % 30 mLs are set forth in Table [0030] The data in Table Ill demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing phosphate ore increased when natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle. The data indicate that natural polymers with a wide range of molecular weights are effective filtration aid promoters over a broad range of product ratios.
,=
: Table III. 7 : Flocculart i. Tare for 7hre lin ;
Rate. , Rate 46 ; % :
. . .
. . . . .... ,. ..
.... .
; Ennio% 0 : Suhstraiii "ft.olids 534.) ; Peagent(S) Rot o - Dose (WI) , 15 rr.Ls (s) 30 MI.S (4) :15 MLS i 30 Lo 15 mta ;30 mi.s Avecage ;
; C :Phosphate Ole , 2003 !Synthetic Polymer A Only (1) 0% 39.4 ; 41 95 ; 0.37 0.32 . .
; 17 :Phosphate Ore , 2551 ;Natural Polymer 13 OW Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 25% 39.4 ; 37 . 73 !. 041 = 0.41 = 9.5 = 323 159 :
, 18 :Phosphate Ore , 2593 ' ',:ir.iatural Polymer 13 plus Synthetic Polymer A () 50% ' 35.4 1 37 : 70 ; 0.91 0.38 .: 110 . ; . 12.5 = " 113 .
: 19 = Phcsphate Ore , 286.3 ihatural Polymer 15 OW
Synthetic Polymer A - 75% , 324 1. 25 : 51 ', 054 0.4111 : 444 . 54.9 . 49.8 , ,...
, 20 :Pticap oats Ore ; 285.3 :Naturat Polymer C [SUS
Sfflilletie Polymer A (1) . 125111 39.4 i 1 . 32 : 89 ; 047 045 , 25.8 . ' 370 - ' . 31.4 .
: 21 : Mice p Mite Ore , 2593 '.144ural Polymer COus Synthetic Polymer A (15 :. 50% ; 324 i 29 ; 66 : 5.30 ' . ii 45 . f 38.7 : 04.5 ,.. 420 - 22 , Phosphate Om , 2893 ;Natural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A : 76% ' 35.4 : 31 . 71 i C .248 , 042 , 226 i 33.1 :. 31.0 = 23 ,Phosprotte Ore = 2853 ,Natunal Polymer [06ue Synthetic Polymer A C ) - 25% ' 39.4 , 34 ; 77 ; 044 . 0 30 : 10.1 : 23.5 t. 21.3 :
24 :Phosphate Ora : 2853 ;Natuial Polymer E aka Synthetic Polymer A C) ; 50% 304 : as - 52 0.40 7 037 : 5.0 . : -123 11.6 - 25 ;Phosphate Ore 1 2853 !Natural Polymer E Rua Synthetic Polymer A : 75% : 324 I as' ' ' 1'. ii ' ' -Ill ' -:-'5.74-5- t " ii:r 7.---4-5.2 . -',..-ifil 26 ',Phosphate Ore , 2853 .Naturel Polymer F phot Soltetic Polymer A (1) 97% i. 324 1 31 - 76 0.43 = 0.40 : 35.0 = 26.8 t 25.7 =
: 27 -rlhiticsphate Ore i 2853 i Natural Po4mer F rho Synthetic Polymer A '75% ; 3114 "4 " 35 . 75 0.42 0.38 ' 15.7 i 212 ", 45 -: 28 : 70nosphote Ohs ".. 2053 .Natural Polymer G plus Synthefic Pol yoxr A (1) ; 25% .", 224 33 ; 73 746 . 1142 ; 200 : 825 ! 209 ' . .
; 29 :Phosphate Ore i 2023 , Natural Polwner G plus Synthetio Polymer A : 50% ,-; 394 38 : 79 0.-42 0.35 129 : 19.6 t 191 . . .. . . . ._._ . .
..... . . .... ... . , - 97 :Phosphate Om : 2523 :Nahral POlyiner 0 plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 75% , 304 .... 3e- .: L 71 250 - 0.42 35.0 32.1 , 34.0 . 31 :Phosphate Ore i 255.3, Natural Polymer 1.1 plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . -7 25% ; 311.4 1. - 93 . 7 - 71 . 246 - 0.43 24.5 34.0 t n.a , 32 = Phaaphata s-e . 265.3 :Rehire! Polymer Fl plus Synthetic Pawner A of . so? i 35.4 [ 33 l' 75 : 5.45 II 40 22.7 20.0 i 24.4 :". al .Phasphela Ore ; 3E.3 ;Natural Polymer hi plue Syrthelic Polymer A 75% ; 35.4 "C. 34 I 77 ; 0,44 ; 0.39 19.1 - ' 22.7 . 7- 22.5 .. õ
t= CI Phosphide Ore , 215.5 !Synthetic. Pinner A Only (2) 0% , 52.1 ! 55 V 157 ; 026 - 0.19 i l =
34 ;Phosphate Ore ; 2100 ;Natural Polymer B pie. Synthetic Polymer A (1) 25% ; 52.1 ; 401 C 54.S ; 0.37 , 0.36 : 43.2-" 55.4 : 64 3 t. . .r_.õ
: 35 :Phosphide Ore , 2185 :Natural Polymer El plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) 50% , 52.1 , 33.5 ...t 70 ; 0.42 : 0.43 i 73.1 123.5 ; 525 ; 36 :Fhosphale One ; 215.5 = :Natural Polymer B plus Synthetic Polymer A :. 75% : 52.1 ,. -31 I 65 [ 0.45 : 0.44 . 517A
1304 t 108.7 , 37 Phosphale Ore , 215.5 :Na2rel Polymer C plus Syrthellc Poi7rner A (1) , 2527 T 52.1 29.5 ---; 62 '1Ø51 .. 0.42 . 96.6 1227 .:i 7240 .
.,.._.
; 35 Phosphate Ore , 215.11 ,Natural Pdymer C plus Synthetic Pawner A (1) 51350 ; 511 . 29.5 1 615 ; 0.51 249 ' 52.6 1507 ' 125.7 : 39 Phosphate Ore , 20.8 tNatural Pointer C plus Syrthettc Polymer A , 70% ; 52.1 = 28 r. eo 70.54 2511 ' '07.1 :
161.1 '''''''' .
; 40 Phosphate Ore ; 205.9 ',Natural Polymer E Os Synthetic Polymer A (1) . --52.1 . 28 t; 55.5 i 5.54 0.50 '07.1 ; 1952.
; 1262 r: 41 Phosphate Ore ; 216.5 ,Natural Polymer E plus Synthetic Polymer A 7 50% , 52.1 = 31 C. 555 ' 0.48 0.46 : 07.1 , 134.2 `...:115.4 , 02 Phosphate Ore : 215.9 ;Natural Polymer E pus Synthatc Polyrner A . 75% : 521 64 .575 247 = 192.0 !. 1440 107.4 43 Phosplude Ore t 215.9 ;Natural Palyrrar F plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) ' 28% -------- a i 5.63 1148 : 141.7 : 140.7 , 145.2 :
44 Phosphate Ore ; 2152 .. Ch4etural Polymer h Ous Synthetic Potymer A
(1) OD% ! 52.1 . 28 : 72.5 , 0.54 0.41 ' 107.1 116.1 , 111.6 45 Phosphate Ore , 2102 Natural Polymer F plus Synthetic Polymer A - ' -7554. , 52.1 32 i 67 ; 0.47 1.45 : 511 13113 : 107.5 ' , 45 Phosphate One , 215.5 :Natural Polyrrer I plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 25% , 52.1 " 37.5 t 51 I 0.40 1137 =
54.7 93.4 ' 74.0 47 Phosphate De ' 2152 Natural Polymer I plus Synthetic Polymer A (11 - " 5096 i: 52.1 . 32 .:. 00.5 t 0.47 0.44 ' 61.3 129.7 - 105.0 =
45 Phosphate Ore 216.8 Natural Polymer I plus Synthetic Polymer A ..7S% i 524 34 i 73 i 0.44 0.41 ' 726 114.6 : 522 .
45 :Phosphate Cre 2152 _Natural PotywerJ plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) 25% , 53.1 325 ; 07.5 ; 0.39 134 Me to ,. iiri :
53 :Phosphate Ore 215.5 .Natural Polyrr erJ plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) ; 50% ", 52.1 555 , 75 I .2.42 0.40 63.4 1025 - 55.'1' ' . di , Phosphate Ore 213.9 "Naturel PolyirerJ plus Synthetic Polymer A "C 79% := 52.1 38 = 73 i 0.42 0.91 151.1 114.5 i 519 .;
. . .. . .. ... . .. . . .. .
. .
. i :Phosphide Ore 211.1 Synthetic Polyn. ser A 0,10 (1 ' osi ; 427 31 , 55 ! 0.49 5.4 52 Phosphide Ore 2311 Not Plyper 8 eke Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 50% :' 48.7 25 . 57 : 0.55 0.53 le 6 i ao 4 [
1115 , 63 Phosphate Ore 231.1 -Nature' Pctyrrer 3 pets Synthetic Polymer A ....5% 40.7 27 . 57 0.68 " . 063 i 13.0 ; 193 , - 16.1 ;
64 Phosphate Ore 231.1 Neural Polyrner C plus Sytehelic Polymer A (1) 25% , 48.7 25 ': 54 ..1". 0.60 0.66 22 11 , 27.'. i 244 :
' 55 Phosphate Ore 231.1 :Natural Polymer C RIP Symhette Polymer A(l) = 50% : 48.7 21 - 45 0.79 : 107 : 48 0 1 528 66 Phosphale Ore = 221.1 .Nalurol Polymer C plus Synthetle Potymer A : 7516 1 45.7 . 22 45 , 0.50 . 8.57 386 ; 51.1 :
44.5 51 = Phosphide Ore231.1 ,Nalural Potyrrer E plus Synthetic Potfrner A (I/ 50% 411.7 ., 26 53 t 0.51 = 157 345 : 28.3 C. 25A .
55 = Phosphate Ore .. ' 231.1 :Nalural Polymer F plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 95% : 457 . : 20 = 00 ; 093 - 0.50 7.0 , 18.3 ,. 122 Phosphate Ors 231.1 itNatural Polymer F plus Synthertic Polymer 517) . 60% i 45.7 , 23 _ ,. 49 .: 0.57 . 002 55.6 : 402 , 37.5 . - 50 Phosphate Ore 281.1 . iilunii Polymer G pke Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 55% i 411.7 i 26 . ".. - 54 i 0.50025 no '. -57.1 1 24.2 81 Phosphate Ore 231.1 :Neturat Polymm G Ms Synthetic Polymer A 0) , SO% ; 683 ' T 22 , 45 1; on . 0.57 412 i 51.1 : 40.5 62 Phasphete Ore 231.1 1 Nerturef Polymer (5 pi,' Synthetic Polymer A , 75% "; i 453 I 15 -. 48 ; an 0.53 40.5 i 41' ..; 51.1 ,.
63 :Phosphate Ore 231.1 Thieiurer Polymer H plus Synthetic Polymer A 11) , 25% ' 45.1 t 23 , 511 ; 027 . 252 95.8 :
1111 i 229 .
54 :Phosphate Ore 231.1 "Natural Polymer H plus Synlhatic Polymer A (1) .i 50% . 48.7 i 26 ., 66 ' 0.55 :
ass 19.5 , 21.4 1 205 , 56 PhespnaM Ole , 281.1 ',Natural Polymer H plus SyMhetc Polymer A i 7513..427 ;" "if . '.. . 44 . ..i 0.71 - i.: .212. - Sill . .11-.Y. i -at . F iiPhesphste Ore , 232.2 !Synthetic Polymer A On:y (5) -1 -11% , 45.4 -"r as ss : 0.57 - 0.54 . .
, . ..õ,. .. == = =
55 :Phosphate Ore ,! . 932.2 ,Nslural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) i 80% , i 45.9 ; 21 i , .441- ., 0.67 : 0.03 17.3 , 150 1- lia 57 :Pho.Pdai. 0. ; 2322 TNtaturril Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A
(1) !IOC% ; 411.4 1 28 . = 50 t. 0.57 ' am 17.3 11.5 14A
55 :Phosphate Ons '. 2322 ;.htatutel Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A(1) ', 150% " 414 1" 22 -. " 47 i 168 0.65 200 -7".".. sr. I 124 , 55 :Phosphate Cm : 232.2 ;Natural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A , 200% 45.4 L 10 , 35 i 183 ! 0.79 427 , 45.3 .
; 420 70 :Phosphate Cm '. 2322 Netural Polymer Epius SyntteAlc Narita A(1) , 105% 45.4 . [ 23 "' 45 i 285 013 14.8 i 15.2 1 13.5 71 . ;Phosphate Ore , 2322 ;Natural Polymer E plus Synthetic Porymer A (1) .150% 424 ; 22 47 i 0122:. 0.54 " 22.1 - ',' -1:4.- !". 51.1 72 ',Phosphate Ore : 232.2 :Natural Polymer F plus ayrthefic Polymer A () .!1110% 424 - I-. .21 " ' ....ii ' 5.12 on 20.0 ; 29.9 203 . 73 ',Phosphate Ore , 232.2 , Natural Polymer F 0. Syrtherlic Ppirler A (I J150% 45.4 1 21 . 43 ; 0.71 0.70 227 ;:
25.4 27.0 74 ',Phosphate Ole , 2322 :Natural Polymer F plus SyrthetIc Polymer A . :200% ABA T 20 : 43 i 0.7.5- 0./0 i 32.0 1 28.4 : 302 1,1011!. 4 . .
(1) Average Of ten exparlments , . I =
. :
= : ; ;
, i (2) Average of Ilree es-penman'. i : ! . i . . .
. (3) Average 57 10 Jr experimerts. : =
. 1 .
. i Examples 75-94 and Comparative Examples G and H .
[0031] These examples illustrate the use of natural and/or semi-natural polymers of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate. Comparative Examples G
and H used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. Examples 92-94 =
used both natural and semi-natural polymers, which were applied prior to Synthetic Polymer A. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 200.6 or 209.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples was 112.2 or 143.5 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural or semi-natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%.
The natural and semi-natural polymers used and the ratio of natural and semi-natural =
polymers to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table IV. The times for filtering 30 and 60 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 30 mLs and % 60 mLs). These =
values and the average of % 30 mLs and % 60 mLs are set forth in Table IV.
'I-.....=
; .Fl(rtoultin=; Tone tor Irroa lor Rale Ratt % ; % . .
lExarnele a RAMA% ;Seeds Lorw. Reagant(s) ; Ratfo !One (grn 3C mLs4A3mLs 1s1 30 iner.90 ets;20 =515!:611% AMIIN
; 0 õWC Orecerraate 919.1 :401, Folcater 0_11y.A _.=
! -1Jc =22 It% 0 25 11 !
= 76 = = - nia44444 . !:76%. ! 1410 " 41U 0 U.! 114 , =c 9 = 3 7 10.3! =
; 16 .0dc Cancan... : 209.1 Naha% EralyrnaiC pets sisststM.Folmser A{11 195.5 106 ; arm 0.2s : E ; 13.3 13.7i : 77 Golc Concentrate 239.1 id .4 Folynoff C.plate Ewes%
Prayrnar A 1 75% ' 143.5 401 ; 496 0.26 ! 0 15 11.9 ; 10 IT.
12.3!
- 70 Cola tkoneantrale ! 21191 = Natual,Folyntra. Poly:par A 111 = firhe ! 169.0 107 ! 400 11311 ! 115 14.1!
70 Gait Conc %tele 7.1 101or7 Polymer F plus 97911141c 7-.r.*A =a.t. los TWI aza II: 110 7 14.1 .11.11 , .3olc Concentrate : 206.1 Noted Pomms .shm Eyntlortle Folemr A (1):
754% Ina 107 -7 406 Oa 6.15 ice : 13*
Si= Oda Cox antra% L. I ttalural.Folyra aus Sinthato Pc!
year A : 750,= = tax 107 : 4115 191;7 0.14 14.0 10.0 : 121 1 II Golc Concenbala zace Poly,r A 0.nty : 0% 122 -as .60 19 untr ccncaltral. : ACC Habra Polymer 1,7_I Synnelle Pciyrrer, A
: 25% 1'12 _416_,.; .=113 .1 1 o.as 14.3 r 12_5 13.5:
-1/1 = Gel E Concentrate 2006 . trailed Fdyrrar B pas 8 Oast%
Fr:Wawa 01 75% V r Ode Concord e% 20C.6 Pratura Poem% Ilyilat Synttalto Polymer A 100% 1'02 ii 1133 IT. I C 16 117 : 17.5 ' 17.2 I IS Goic Concerrtraie 7 21011 -Star,i-natura, Porton% A OA Synthetic ?OM.. A = 2E% 1'2.2 47 : 161 032 i-Il, 141 11.4 16 Gold Concentrate 20C.6 serni-nabrii Pell:roar A plus Synthetic Petro% A 111 ; ; = it% 1,32 IS " bid ir 1/6 11:0 GI el Concentra% 213C.B Polymer A plus Byrahatte Ferrer Ara:
75% 1,12 41 r 151 011 1, II COW Corea/11r%. ; 20C 6 'Serni.nalural Patric 'III Syntlearc Polyrrna A 100% 22 44 165 0.33 C 19 !
2,1 710 24.2!
ft.......I=oV. Zn.f7 1trell-nahnl Actin," E pus Synttelic Pulp,. A (11 60% 2.2 50 173 0-19-:-C 17 ; 12 0 11.3 11.7.
DU Etri d Corot 41,5151 230 A Se nl.rnernal Polymer e plus arena% Farrar A CI . 79% 1119 49- -093 : 0.31 c.ia 16.7 : 117 15/.
91 Gold Coreelrala! MCI Semi-naval Polymer II pl. Synths% radymer A
76061 1/1 ; 114 r 137 C.01 .351 303 ... 1/1:
: Z;;',17al: 229.70 ..""'r.611 Z;Ze.r41: rrol'Ttj''; %XL]: 744t;:r ;1).. 2610 12 45% : 1"09 µ0):: :47.; ;
!. , 1432 4il3 O4td Coraorrinao 93E1 itereural Fulernar El 4 Serrireaoral Primer Ft pica 9yrrttotto crlynlar l'22 411 173 t 0.31 C.1 f 14.3 110 125, tee%
411 A4eratee alt. %per% cala:
1(2) & cf Urea emprornents.
[0032] The data in Table IV demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing gold concentrate increased when natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle. Semi-natural polymers were also effective filtration enhancers when used alone or in combination with Natural Polymer B.
Examples 95-106 and Comparative Example I
[00331 These examples illustrate the use of natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulants of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate.
Comparative Example I used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. Examples 95-100 and 104-109 used natural or semi-natural polymers in combination with a coagulant, which were applied prior to Synthetic Polymer A. In Examples 108 and 109, Natural Polymer B and the coagulant were mixed together prior to dosing. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 208.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples was 144.1 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%. The natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant used and the ratio of such natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table V.
The times for filtering 30 and 60 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 30 mLs and %
60 mLs). These values and the average of % 30 mLs and % 60 mLs are set forth in Table V.
[0034] The data in Table V demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing gold concentrate increased when Natural Polymer B or Semi-natural Polymer B in combination with coagulants were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle.
Combinations of Natural Polymer B and Coagulant A or B were effective filtration enhancers whether mixed or dosed separately.
; Tatle V. i 1 . i :Floe...lard! llme for ; 7me ler ; Pete , Rana 16 l Example II Setartrele ;Sonde toA) Peagent(a) ; Rate loose tin): 30 fres fe):13 m1-.047730 (4.0 60 o:20 01.0 ix mi...s i Arerapej : . :Gold Concentrate ; 208.1 LSyntfratic Polymeg A Only II) ! " i 144.1 = 128 . 477 ; 0.24 : 0.13 =
=
. 95 ;Gold Concentrate 200.1 -Natural Polymer 0 = Coepjlont A plus Synlhetc Power A 7' 5095 i 144.1 113 ; 429 0.27 ! 0.14 12.0 11.1 r 120 7 .. .. . .. .. ... ..... . . .... . , .....õ ... ... .. .. . .. . ,... _ ._ .. _,.
_ . =
96 _Gold Coo 8100 t 201.1 :Natural Polymer B =
Co. Ad A piv;.µ,.Bynthel c Poll/Inver A 15% , 1441 : 108 '` 418 , a.25 : 0.14 18.." 14.6. 14.4 !
FR. Gold Concentrate : 223.1 -Netural Polymer 13 = Odeguerri A Floe Synthenc Polymer A 100%' 1441 : 106 : 397 ; 0.28 : 0.15 203 20.1 :l."
202 ' 99 .081d 0084881048, 218.1 :;'Nakiral Pulyaer 8 =
Goaidelort 13 plea Brine'. Pulyrnel A MN [ 144 1 ! 1,T 421 l 0.21 :- 0.14 14.9 13.2 ';` 14.0 ;
11111 :Gold Concert/ate': 230.1 Nolunal Poymer e =
Colguani 0 OM Syntgetc Polymer A 12396; 144.1 ' 114 ' 438 i 0.29 t 0.14 710 9.0 1- 10e ibi' ' Gi,i,ii dorioeririti 1 ., 238.1 -,-Nieung irroiymn 6 ..C4.41-uhint 6 ph= ayrineim Molyrner A 15.4 7 144.1 ' 103 ; Nil v7 0.29 ; 0.12 E
23.0 192 :' 21.6 -... ,.,..
101 ;Geld Concentaiiii'l - 208.1 :Seinaloral Polymer 0 Nos SyMhellc Polymer A 5095 ' 144 1 : "iii 421 ' 0.27 : 0.14 12.8 13.2 l' 130 ' 102 :Gold Concergrate ' 238.1 iSemi-nalural Polymer B olim Synthetic Polymer A 711% 1481 111111 Ole . 0.20 : 0.15 17.0 11.6 T' 169 -VP IGOE' Concentrie- 2207. ;Serni-nalural Polymer 0 aim Syrtthatlo PoLymer A l, 10056 144 1 103 ; NB - 329 : 318 334 731 ' !' 23.8:
104 ;Gold Concentrate : 2201. lSemi-nalural.P.54y/rer B -r=
Coagulant Anima Synthetic Polymer A WM = 144 1 113 424 ; 0.27 ;
314 12.0 114 121 _ 1:88 Concentrate i 211.1 ;Serni-narlural Polyrrer 13 = Coagulant A plus Synthelio Polymer:A7695 1401 109 : 399 7; 0.28 ; 319 17.13 19.5 l'" 182 ....
108 lGold Ccncentrate 7 2313.1 iSeri-naloral Polynref B r CoaQuiant A roue Synthafic Polymer A ... OSA 144 1 91 '.: 336 . 0.23 = 0.111 461 41Ø ll: 40.8 1117 ;Gold ConcentrMe : 208.1 l0emi nalurdl Polyn-er B = Coagulant C pluc 89 0000 Polymer A :10156 144 1 7 115 .
424 : 0.25 = 0.14 . 161 124 ' 11.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. , .
1013 ;Gold C41110eti00e 238.1 !Nature! 9elymer 8/..mmulase A pen Synthelie Polyrrer A :: 75% 144.1 ; 115 ! 420 . 028 ; 0.14 1311 114 . 11.1 169. :GPI Goncedree = 296.1 ;Natural 9 oymer wCoagt.dayt B plus Synthetic Polymer A 11041: =: 144 1 ' 1 5 i 432 .: 0.28 i 13.1.le - ..100 10.3 ''' 130 ' = ; '.. -- .
xiii- : , . . . . . . ..
A,) Ammo of he eapenroeflti." : -1-- : - . ' . . .
; , ; _ , . . .
, . .
[009b] In another broad aspect, the present invention relates to a composition for enhancing filtration of mining slurries comprising at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer, wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of (a) an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof; (b) a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and 4a quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride; and (c) a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone.(d) an amphoteric polymer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0010] Among the natural polymers that can be used for the filtration aid promoter are polysaccharides, such as potato starch, xanthan gums, guars, dextran, cellulose derivatives and glycosaminoglycans. Typically, the polydispersity index ("PDI") of the polysaccharide is from about 1.0 to about 10.0, more typically from about 1.1 to about 9.0, and most typically from about 1.2 to about 8Ø
Persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
[0011] The natural polymer preferably comprises dextran, which is generally available from various suppliers. Dextran having a Mw of from about 5,000 to about 40,000,000, preferably from about 50,000 to about 25,000,000 and more preferably from about 200,000 to about 10,000,000, may be used. Persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all 4b ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
Natural polymers sold under the trade names ZALTA VM 1120 and ZALTA VM
1122, both available from Ashland Inc., Wilmington, Delaware, U.S.A.
("Ashland"), may be used.
[0012] The semi-natural polymers include lignosulfonates, such as calcium lignosulfonate, and chemically modified polysaccharides. Modified polysaccharides typically useful in the process include modified starches, such as cationic starch; modified guar gum, such as cationic guar gum; and modified celluloses such as anionic carboxymethyl cellulose and hydroxyethyl cellulose.
Combinations of semi-natural polymers may be used.
[0013] The coagulant is typically selected from an inorganic coagulant, organic coagulant and combinations thereof. Inorganic coagulants include aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and sodium aluminate. Organic coagulants include polymers formed from the monomers diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethylene imine and the comonomers of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine. Inorganic coagulants also include cationically-modified tannins and melamine formaldehyde. Such coagulants include CHARGEPAC 60, =
CHARGEPAC 7 and AMERSEP 5320, all available from Ashland.
[0014] Synthetic polymers include water-soluble anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric polymers. For purpose of this disclosure, synthetic polymer shall include copolymers and terpolymers, as well as honnopolymers. Typically the synthetic polymer has a Mw of from about 40,000 to about 25,000,000, and persons of ordinary skill in these arts, after reading this disclosure, will appreciate that all ranges and values within these explicitly stated ranges are contemplated.
The synthetic polymer may be linear, branched, or cross-linked. Typically, the synthetic polymer functions as a flocculant.
[0015] Nonionic polymers include polymers formed from one or more water soluble ethylenically unsaturated nonionic monomers, for instance acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone, preferably acrylamide. Nonionic polymers also include alkoxylated multifunctional alcohols.
[0016] Cationic polymers are formed from one or more ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomers optionally with one or more of the nonionic monomers mentioned previously. The cationic polymer may also be amphoteric provided such that there are predominantly more cationic groups than anionic groups.
The cationic monomers include dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylates, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamides, and diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, including acid addition and quaternary ammonium salts thereof. Typical cationic monomers include the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate. Of particular interest are the copolymer of acrylamide with the methyl chloride quaternary ammonium salts of dimethylamino ethyl acrylate (ADAME); the copolymer of acrylamide and acrylamidopropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (APTAC); and the copolymer of acrylamide and acryloloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (AETAC); and the copolymer of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine.
[0017] The anionic synthetic polymers are formed from one or more ethylenically unsaturated anionic monomers or a blend of one or more anionic monomers with one or more of the nonionic monomers mentioned previously. The anionic monomers include acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-actylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), acrylamide, mixtures thereof, and salts thereof.
[0018] Of particular interest are copolymers and/or terpolymers of monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, AMPS, acrylic acid, and (meth)acrylic acid. For example, the anionic polymer may be selected from the group consisting of copolymers derived from 2-acrylarnido 2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide, homopolymers of acrylic acid, homopolymers of acrylamide, and combinations thereof. Typically used as anionic polymer are the copolymer of sodium acrylate and acrylamide and the copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide.
[0019] Also of particular interest are copolymers of AMPS and acrylamide wherein the mole percent of AMPS is from about 10 mole percent to about 25 mole percent, and terpolymers of AMPS, acrylamide, and acrylic acid wherein the mole percent of AMPS is from about 10 mole percent to about 30 mole percent, the mole percent of acrylamide is from about 40 mole percent to about 60 mole percent, and the mole percent of acrylic acid is from about 20 mole percent to about 40 mole percent. Otherwise, homopolymers of acrylic acid or copolymers of acrylic acid and acrylamide are of particular interest.
[0020] The filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer are applied in methods for separating solids from a liquid dispersion. This process comprises the steps of adding the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer to an aqueous dispersion of solids in liquids prior to and/or during the physical separation of the solids from the liquid resulting in a concentrate comprising solids, recovering the concentrate and then filtering the concentrate. Enhanced filtration is achieved with this method. Physical separation can occur by allowing the solids to settle from the liquid through force of gravity, optionally with flocculation and/or agglomeration of the solid particles.
[0021] The method may be applied in mining operations. A method for dewatering mining slurries, in particular enhanced filtration performance, in a two step process having a liquid solid separation step and a filtration step comprises adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the mining slurry during or before, or both during and before, the liquid solid separation step and then filtering the concentrate or underf low from the liquid solid separation step. Typically, the mining slurries are aqueous dispersions comprising minerals, such as those selected from the group consisting of gold, phosphate, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum, iron, coal and the like. Typically, the liquid solid separation step is performed in a means for separating liquids from solids, such as a gravity thickener, clarifier or hydrocyclone and the filtration aid promoter and synthetic polymer may be added to the aqueous dispersion while the dispersion is in such means and/or prior to the dispersion entering such means. The filtration step is generally conducted in a means for filtering solids from liquids, such as a filter press or vacuum filter.
EXAMPLES
Preparation of Aqueous Dispersions for Filtration [0022] Unless otherwise indicated, aqueous dispersion samples were prepared by adding 1000 mL. of an aqueous dispersion to a graduated cylinder, where it was treated by adding the specified components of the filtration aid promoter (i.e.
coagulant, natural polymer and/or semi-natural polymer) as set forth in Table I, and tamping the filtration aid promoter into the dispersion three times with a plunger having perforated holes.
[0023] Next, the synthetic polymer was added to the aqueous dispersion using the same mixing technique and number of tamps. Synthetic Polymer A used in the Examples is an anionic copolymer available under the trade name FLOPAM
AN 113 from SNF Floerger, Andrezieu, France. The suppliers and/or trade names for the synthetic polymer and the component(s) of the filtration aid promoter are set forth in Table IA.
[0024] The aqueous dispersion settled and was allowed to rest in the graduated cylinder for 72 hours. The supernatant was then siphoned out of the graduated cylinder until there were only concentrated solids, i.e. the concentrate, left in the cylinder. The resulting slurries were quantitatively transferred into appropriately sized beakers for filtration.
Pressure Filtration , [0025] Unless otherwise indicated, filtration of concentrated slurries was conducted at 30 psig with a FANNO Filter Press. (FANN Instrument Company, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.) and hardened, low-ash FANN filter paper with a particle size retention range of 2-5 pm. Prior to transferring to the filter press, samples were first hand-mixed for 15 seconds. After transferring the sample, the filter press was sealed and pressurized air was applied to the filter press. The volume of liquid removed from the concentrated sample was measured as a function of time after application of the pressurized air. .
Table I.
iSample ! Composition j Mw (g/mol) Ion ic ity !Synthetic Polymer A i ! 1' 200' 000 : Anionic 1 d :
Coagulant A 1 . Cationic !Coaguiant4 ! 1 = Cationic , +
!Coagulant C I ! Cationic !Natural Polymer A Dextran Syrup 111,600,000 Non-ionic !
!Natural Polymer B Dextran Syrup i 9,200,80-0 .T Non-ionic Natural Polymer C Dextran Syrup , 24,680,000 Non-ionic i Natural Polymer D Dextran Syrup 28,700,000 Non-ionic:
!Natural Polymer E Dextran Syrup 1,360,000 !Non-ionic!
!Natural Polymer F Dextran Syrup 4,910,000 Non-ionic !
iNatural Polymer G Dextran . 677,000 !Non-ionic !Natural Polymer H Dextran :500,000 (1)! Non-ionic _.
i Natural Polymer I Dextran: 44,000 Non-ionic Natural Polymer J Dextran : 40,000 (1) Non-ionic !Semi-natural Polymer A' Cationic Guar ', Cationic Semi-natural Polymer B Cationic Guar : Cationic ;Note E _I
!(1) Nominal molecular weight.
..i Table IA.
Sample Tradename !Synthetic Polymer A SNF Flopam AN 113 Coagulant A Chargepac 7 , iCoagulant B Amersep 5320 Coagulant C Chargepac 60 :Natural Polymer A Zalta VM 1120 , :Natural Polymer B Zalta VM 1120 -Natural Polymer C Zalta VM 1122 Natural Polymer D Zalta VM 1122 r Natural Polymer E Zalta VM 1120 .Natural Polymer F Zalta VM 1122 :Natural Polymer G Zalta VM 1120 :Natural Polymer H Zalta VM 1122 ;Natural Polymer I Zalta VM 1120 ' Natural Polymer J Zalta VM 1122 , 'Semi-natural Polymer A N-Hance BF17 Semi-natural Polymer B1 N-Hance 3215 Examples 1-16 and Comparative Examples A and B
[0026] These examples illustrate the use of natural polymers of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate. Comparative Examples A and B used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. For Examples 6, 15 and 16, an additional 30 grams per ton of Natural Polymer A was added prior to filtration.
[0027] In all examples, except for Examples 4 and 5, the natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added first followed by the addition of Synthetic Polymer A. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 47.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) was kept constant at 53.1 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%. The natural polymers used and the ratio of natural polymer to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table II. The times for filtering 10 and 20 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 10 mLs and `)/0 20 mLs).
These values and the average of % 10 mLs and % 20 mLs are set forth in Table It.
[0028] The data in Table 11 demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate increased when natural polymers were used in conjunction with Synthetic Polymer A. Examples 4 and 5 indicate that order of addition (Synthetic Polymer A dosed prior to Natural Polymer A) does not negatively impact the filtration rate of the aqueous dispersion. Examples 6, 15 and 16 demonstrate that additional _Natural Polymer A does not positively or negatively impact the filtration rate.
-'be;
= ;Flocculent Time fcr True for Sale Rate % %
=
: Example X Substrate :Solids (biL) Reagenl(s) Wade :Dose (WI) 10 els Cs) :20 ate (a) IC nal, 20 tas 10 m.L.1 '20 luta Auera4'e A Go ki Concentre4e 47.1 :Synthetic Polymer A Cnly ! 094 ;
53.1 ; 21 79 0.48 0.26 ;- 1 Cold Concentrate ; 471 ;Nakral Polymer A pen Symnellc nelymer A : 25% ; 101 10 an risn : 025 10.5 14.7 125 i 2 . 2511 Concentrate : 47.1 !Nab. ral Polymer A elus SerehetIc Pclymer 75% 53.1 1101 = o=se 03311.7 27.6 53.5 ! 3 Sold Conceotrate. 47.1 Polymer A One Synthetic Polymer A ! 63.1 la = so ; 0.55 0.33 10.5 30.0 . 20.3 . 4 nod Concentrate 47.1 reireheec Merrier A plus Natural Polymer A 25% 55.1 1 17 01 0.59 &II' = 5 :Coll Concentrate 471 :Syntheno Polymer A plus Natural Potwar A SO% 03.1 15 65 : 0.63 231 . 10.5 ZOL: 15.3 O Gall Concentrate 47.1 Nat:ral Polymer A plas Synthetic Polymer A (1: 50% ; 63.1 1 18 54 0.68 : 031 = 10 7 ! 213 11.3 B .GolJ Gonounti en 471 T.Synthetic Polymer A Only 7 Gold Concentivie 471 '341,41 Polymer B plus Syrrilal. Pol,ler A ' 35% 03.1 L 18 tee 0.58 0.31 = 222 14.1 , 19.1 8 Gold Concentrete 471 Melted Polymer On Synthetic Prirer A
83.1 20 -1 66 0.50 0.30 ; 10.0 I 10.6 ! 10.3 O Gold Concentrate 471 f=leturel Polymer El pis Syrrtneetic Polyner A . 50% 63.1 18 1 as 0.58 531 - 22.2 12.5- I 17.3 " 10 = Gina conneniraia 471 NalIalPGyrrerCldlalSyrIIletOPDSmerA ie.. !. Dia 0:55'. la 1 21.7 21.5 : 11 Geld Coneereele 471 14efura1 Polymer C Flux Synthetic Polymer A 50% . 53.1 ; is 62 ; 0.0e 5.32 222 17.7 = 12 .70old Concentrate - 47.1 'Natural Poi yrr er gius Synthetic Polymer A 1.25% = 62.1 : 17 : 81 060 ] 0.35 i 24.4 19.7 24.5 =
13 -Gold Concentrate4/.1 Natural Polymer C blue Synthelte Polymer A
137.5% 55.1 19 I 60 i 0.53 ; 230 i 128 10.6 13.2 . 14 -GoldConcentrate i 471 .1,Zetural Polymer n Ftnx Synthetic Polymer A ; 50% 53.1 10 66 0.53 -Om ! 15.0 10.6 13.2 :15 Gol d Concentrate ; 47.1 Natural Palmer 13 Os Synthetic Po ymer A (1) r 26% 53.1 1/1 1! Be L 0.55 ; 0.25 222 E &UT '14.0 ' le 'Gold Canceirtrele : 47.1 !Natural Polymer plus Synthetic Po ymer A (1) 337.5% ' 53.1 19 64 0.511 0.31 ; 2.22 14.1 ;
--- ;
= 1 = !
;(1) 30 gf7 of Natural POlyttler A 4pIred atersetting.ndor to filtration =
=
Examples 17-74 and Comparative Examples C, D, E and F
[0029] These examples illustrate the use of natural polymers of Table 1 with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing phosphate ore. Comparative Examples C, D, E and F
used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion ranged from 215.9 to 285.3 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples ranged from 39.4 to 52.1 grams per ton while the ratio of natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 200%. The natural polymers used and the ratio of natural polymer to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table Ill. The times for filtering 15 and 30 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 15 mLs and % 30 mLs).
These values and the average of % 15 mLs and % 30 mLs are set forth in Table [0030] The data in Table Ill demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing phosphate ore increased when natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle. The data indicate that natural polymers with a wide range of molecular weights are effective filtration aid promoters over a broad range of product ratios.
,=
: Table III. 7 : Flocculart i. Tare for 7hre lin ;
Rate. , Rate 46 ; % :
. . .
. . . . .... ,. ..
.... .
; Ennio% 0 : Suhstraiii "ft.olids 534.) ; Peagent(S) Rot o - Dose (WI) , 15 rr.Ls (s) 30 MI.S (4) :15 MLS i 30 Lo 15 mta ;30 mi.s Avecage ;
; C :Phosphate Ole , 2003 !Synthetic Polymer A Only (1) 0% 39.4 ; 41 95 ; 0.37 0.32 . .
; 17 :Phosphate Ore , 2551 ;Natural Polymer 13 OW Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 25% 39.4 ; 37 . 73 !. 041 = 0.41 = 9.5 = 323 159 :
, 18 :Phosphate Ore , 2593 ' ',:ir.iatural Polymer 13 plus Synthetic Polymer A () 50% ' 35.4 1 37 : 70 ; 0.91 0.38 .: 110 . ; . 12.5 = " 113 .
: 19 = Phcsphate Ore , 286.3 ihatural Polymer 15 OW
Synthetic Polymer A - 75% , 324 1. 25 : 51 ', 054 0.4111 : 444 . 54.9 . 49.8 , ,...
, 20 :Pticap oats Ore ; 285.3 :Naturat Polymer C [SUS
Sfflilletie Polymer A (1) . 125111 39.4 i 1 . 32 : 89 ; 047 045 , 25.8 . ' 370 - ' . 31.4 .
: 21 : Mice p Mite Ore , 2593 '.144ural Polymer COus Synthetic Polymer A (15 :. 50% ; 324 i 29 ; 66 : 5.30 ' . ii 45 . f 38.7 : 04.5 ,.. 420 - 22 , Phosphate Om , 2893 ;Natural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A : 76% ' 35.4 : 31 . 71 i C .248 , 042 , 226 i 33.1 :. 31.0 = 23 ,Phosprotte Ore = 2853 ,Natunal Polymer [06ue Synthetic Polymer A C ) - 25% ' 39.4 , 34 ; 77 ; 044 . 0 30 : 10.1 : 23.5 t. 21.3 :
24 :Phosphate Ora : 2853 ;Natuial Polymer E aka Synthetic Polymer A C) ; 50% 304 : as - 52 0.40 7 037 : 5.0 . : -123 11.6 - 25 ;Phosphate Ore 1 2853 !Natural Polymer E Rua Synthetic Polymer A : 75% : 324 I as' ' ' 1'. ii ' ' -Ill ' -:-'5.74-5- t " ii:r 7.---4-5.2 . -',..-ifil 26 ',Phosphate Ore , 2853 .Naturel Polymer F phot Soltetic Polymer A (1) 97% i. 324 1 31 - 76 0.43 = 0.40 : 35.0 = 26.8 t 25.7 =
: 27 -rlhiticsphate Ore i 2853 i Natural Po4mer F rho Synthetic Polymer A '75% ; 3114 "4 " 35 . 75 0.42 0.38 ' 15.7 i 212 ", 45 -: 28 : 70nosphote Ohs ".. 2053 .Natural Polymer G plus Synthefic Pol yoxr A (1) ; 25% .", 224 33 ; 73 746 . 1142 ; 200 : 825 ! 209 ' . .
; 29 :Phosphate Ore i 2023 , Natural Polwner G plus Synthetio Polymer A : 50% ,-; 394 38 : 79 0.-42 0.35 129 : 19.6 t 191 . . .. . . . ._._ . .
..... . . .... ... . , - 97 :Phosphate Om : 2523 :Nahral POlyiner 0 plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 75% , 304 .... 3e- .: L 71 250 - 0.42 35.0 32.1 , 34.0 . 31 :Phosphate Ore i 255.3, Natural Polymer 1.1 plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . -7 25% ; 311.4 1. - 93 . 7 - 71 . 246 - 0.43 24.5 34.0 t n.a , 32 = Phaaphata s-e . 265.3 :Rehire! Polymer Fl plus Synthetic Pawner A of . so? i 35.4 [ 33 l' 75 : 5.45 II 40 22.7 20.0 i 24.4 :". al .Phasphela Ore ; 3E.3 ;Natural Polymer hi plue Syrthelic Polymer A 75% ; 35.4 "C. 34 I 77 ; 0,44 ; 0.39 19.1 - ' 22.7 . 7- 22.5 .. õ
t= CI Phosphide Ore , 215.5 !Synthetic. Pinner A Only (2) 0% , 52.1 ! 55 V 157 ; 026 - 0.19 i l =
34 ;Phosphate Ore ; 2100 ;Natural Polymer B pie. Synthetic Polymer A (1) 25% ; 52.1 ; 401 C 54.S ; 0.37 , 0.36 : 43.2-" 55.4 : 64 3 t. . .r_.õ
: 35 :Phosphide Ore , 2185 :Natural Polymer El plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) 50% , 52.1 , 33.5 ...t 70 ; 0.42 : 0.43 i 73.1 123.5 ; 525 ; 36 :Fhosphale One ; 215.5 = :Natural Polymer B plus Synthetic Polymer A :. 75% : 52.1 ,. -31 I 65 [ 0.45 : 0.44 . 517A
1304 t 108.7 , 37 Phosphale Ore , 215.5 :Na2rel Polymer C plus Syrthellc Poi7rner A (1) , 2527 T 52.1 29.5 ---; 62 '1Ø51 .. 0.42 . 96.6 1227 .:i 7240 .
.,.._.
; 35 Phosphate Ore , 215.11 ,Natural Pdymer C plus Synthetic Pawner A (1) 51350 ; 511 . 29.5 1 615 ; 0.51 249 ' 52.6 1507 ' 125.7 : 39 Phosphate Ore , 20.8 tNatural Pointer C plus Syrthettc Polymer A , 70% ; 52.1 = 28 r. eo 70.54 2511 ' '07.1 :
161.1 '''''''' .
; 40 Phosphate Ore ; 205.9 ',Natural Polymer E Os Synthetic Polymer A (1) . --52.1 . 28 t; 55.5 i 5.54 0.50 '07.1 ; 1952.
; 1262 r: 41 Phosphate Ore ; 216.5 ,Natural Polymer E plus Synthetic Polymer A 7 50% , 52.1 = 31 C. 555 ' 0.48 0.46 : 07.1 , 134.2 `...:115.4 , 02 Phosphate Ore : 215.9 ;Natural Polymer E pus Synthatc Polyrner A . 75% : 521 64 .575 247 = 192.0 !. 1440 107.4 43 Phosplude Ore t 215.9 ;Natural Palyrrar F plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) ' 28% -------- a i 5.63 1148 : 141.7 : 140.7 , 145.2 :
44 Phosphate Ore ; 2152 .. Ch4etural Polymer h Ous Synthetic Potymer A
(1) OD% ! 52.1 . 28 : 72.5 , 0.54 0.41 ' 107.1 116.1 , 111.6 45 Phosphate Ore , 2102 Natural Polymer F plus Synthetic Polymer A - ' -7554. , 52.1 32 i 67 ; 0.47 1.45 : 511 13113 : 107.5 ' , 45 Phosphate One , 215.5 :Natural Polyrrer I plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 25% , 52.1 " 37.5 t 51 I 0.40 1137 =
54.7 93.4 ' 74.0 47 Phosphate De ' 2152 Natural Polymer I plus Synthetic Polymer A (11 - " 5096 i: 52.1 . 32 .:. 00.5 t 0.47 0.44 ' 61.3 129.7 - 105.0 =
45 Phosphate Ore 216.8 Natural Polymer I plus Synthetic Polymer A ..7S% i 524 34 i 73 i 0.44 0.41 ' 726 114.6 : 522 .
45 :Phosphate Cre 2152 _Natural PotywerJ plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) 25% , 53.1 325 ; 07.5 ; 0.39 134 Me to ,. iiri :
53 :Phosphate Ore 215.5 .Natural Polyrr erJ plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) ; 50% ", 52.1 555 , 75 I .2.42 0.40 63.4 1025 - 55.'1' ' . di , Phosphate Ore 213.9 "Naturel PolyirerJ plus Synthetic Polymer A "C 79% := 52.1 38 = 73 i 0.42 0.91 151.1 114.5 i 519 .;
. . .. . .. ... . .. . . .. .
. .
. i :Phosphide Ore 211.1 Synthetic Polyn. ser A 0,10 (1 ' osi ; 427 31 , 55 ! 0.49 5.4 52 Phosphide Ore 2311 Not Plyper 8 eke Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 50% :' 48.7 25 . 57 : 0.55 0.53 le 6 i ao 4 [
1115 , 63 Phosphate Ore 231.1 -Nature' Pctyrrer 3 pets Synthetic Polymer A ....5% 40.7 27 . 57 0.68 " . 063 i 13.0 ; 193 , - 16.1 ;
64 Phosphate Ore 231.1 Neural Polyrner C plus Sytehelic Polymer A (1) 25% , 48.7 25 ': 54 ..1". 0.60 0.66 22 11 , 27.'. i 244 :
' 55 Phosphate Ore 231.1 :Natural Polymer C RIP Symhette Polymer A(l) = 50% : 48.7 21 - 45 0.79 : 107 : 48 0 1 528 66 Phosphale Ore = 221.1 .Nalurol Polymer C plus Synthetle Potymer A : 7516 1 45.7 . 22 45 , 0.50 . 8.57 386 ; 51.1 :
44.5 51 = Phosphide Ore231.1 ,Nalural Potyrrer E plus Synthetic Potfrner A (I/ 50% 411.7 ., 26 53 t 0.51 = 157 345 : 28.3 C. 25A .
55 = Phosphate Ore .. ' 231.1 :Nalural Polymer F plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) . 95% : 457 . : 20 = 00 ; 093 - 0.50 7.0 , 18.3 ,. 122 Phosphate Ors 231.1 itNatural Polymer F plus Synthertic Polymer 517) . 60% i 45.7 , 23 _ ,. 49 .: 0.57 . 002 55.6 : 402 , 37.5 . - 50 Phosphate Ore 281.1 . iilunii Polymer G pke Synthetic Polymer A (1) : 55% i 411.7 i 26 . ".. - 54 i 0.50025 no '. -57.1 1 24.2 81 Phosphate Ore 231.1 :Neturat Polymm G Ms Synthetic Polymer A 0) , SO% ; 683 ' T 22 , 45 1; on . 0.57 412 i 51.1 : 40.5 62 Phasphete Ore 231.1 1 Nerturef Polymer (5 pi,' Synthetic Polymer A , 75% "; i 453 I 15 -. 48 ; an 0.53 40.5 i 41' ..; 51.1 ,.
63 :Phosphate Ore 231.1 Thieiurer Polymer H plus Synthetic Polymer A 11) , 25% ' 45.1 t 23 , 511 ; 027 . 252 95.8 :
1111 i 229 .
54 :Phosphate Ore 231.1 "Natural Polymer H plus Synlhatic Polymer A (1) .i 50% . 48.7 i 26 ., 66 ' 0.55 :
ass 19.5 , 21.4 1 205 , 56 PhespnaM Ole , 281.1 ',Natural Polymer H plus SyMhetc Polymer A i 7513..427 ;" "if . '.. . 44 . ..i 0.71 - i.: .212. - Sill . .11-.Y. i -at . F iiPhesphste Ore , 232.2 !Synthetic Polymer A On:y (5) -1 -11% , 45.4 -"r as ss : 0.57 - 0.54 . .
, . ..õ,. .. == = =
55 :Phosphate Ore ,! . 932.2 ,Nslural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A (1) i 80% , i 45.9 ; 21 i , .441- ., 0.67 : 0.03 17.3 , 150 1- lia 57 :Pho.Pdai. 0. ; 2322 TNtaturril Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A
(1) !IOC% ; 411.4 1 28 . = 50 t. 0.57 ' am 17.3 11.5 14A
55 :Phosphate Ons '. 2322 ;.htatutel Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A(1) ', 150% " 414 1" 22 -. " 47 i 168 0.65 200 -7".".. sr. I 124 , 55 :Phosphate Cm : 232.2 ;Natural Polymer C plus Synthetic Polymer A , 200% 45.4 L 10 , 35 i 183 ! 0.79 427 , 45.3 .
; 420 70 :Phosphate Cm '. 2322 Netural Polymer Epius SyntteAlc Narita A(1) , 105% 45.4 . [ 23 "' 45 i 285 013 14.8 i 15.2 1 13.5 71 . ;Phosphate Ore , 2322 ;Natural Polymer E plus Synthetic Porymer A (1) .150% 424 ; 22 47 i 0122:. 0.54 " 22.1 - ',' -1:4.- !". 51.1 72 ',Phosphate Ore : 232.2 :Natural Polymer F plus ayrthefic Polymer A () .!1110% 424 - I-. .21 " ' ....ii ' 5.12 on 20.0 ; 29.9 203 . 73 ',Phosphate Ore , 232.2 , Natural Polymer F 0. Syrtherlic Ppirler A (I J150% 45.4 1 21 . 43 ; 0.71 0.70 227 ;:
25.4 27.0 74 ',Phosphate Ole , 2322 :Natural Polymer F plus SyrthetIc Polymer A . :200% ABA T 20 : 43 i 0.7.5- 0./0 i 32.0 1 28.4 : 302 1,1011!. 4 . .
(1) Average Of ten exparlments , . I =
. :
= : ; ;
, i (2) Average of Ilree es-penman'. i : ! . i . . .
. (3) Average 57 10 Jr experimerts. : =
. 1 .
. i Examples 75-94 and Comparative Examples G and H .
[0031] These examples illustrate the use of natural and/or semi-natural polymers of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate. Comparative Examples G
and H used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. Examples 92-94 =
used both natural and semi-natural polymers, which were applied prior to Synthetic Polymer A. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 200.6 or 209.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples was 112.2 or 143.5 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural or semi-natural polymer to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%.
The natural and semi-natural polymers used and the ratio of natural and semi-natural =
polymers to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table IV. The times for filtering 30 and 60 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 30 mLs and % 60 mLs). These =
values and the average of % 30 mLs and % 60 mLs are set forth in Table IV.
'I-.....=
; .Fl(rtoultin=; Tone tor Irroa lor Rale Ratt % ; % . .
lExarnele a RAMA% ;Seeds Lorw. Reagant(s) ; Ratfo !One (grn 3C mLs4A3mLs 1s1 30 iner.90 ets;20 =515!:611% AMIIN
; 0 õWC Orecerraate 919.1 :401, Folcater 0_11y.A _.=
! -1Jc =22 It% 0 25 11 !
= 76 = = - nia44444 . !:76%. ! 1410 " 41U 0 U.! 114 , =c 9 = 3 7 10.3! =
; 16 .0dc Cancan... : 209.1 Naha% EralyrnaiC pets sisststM.Folmser A{11 195.5 106 ; arm 0.2s : E ; 13.3 13.7i : 77 Golc Concentrate 239.1 id .4 Folynoff C.plate Ewes%
Prayrnar A 1 75% ' 143.5 401 ; 496 0.26 ! 0 15 11.9 ; 10 IT.
12.3!
- 70 Cola tkoneantrale ! 21191 = Natual,Folyntra. Poly:par A 111 = firhe ! 169.0 107 ! 400 11311 ! 115 14.1!
70 Gait Conc %tele 7.1 101or7 Polymer F plus 97911141c 7-.r.*A =a.t. los TWI aza II: 110 7 14.1 .11.11 , .3olc Concentrate : 206.1 Noted Pomms .shm Eyntlortle Folemr A (1):
754% Ina 107 -7 406 Oa 6.15 ice : 13*
Si= Oda Cox antra% L. I ttalural.Folyra aus Sinthato Pc!
year A : 750,= = tax 107 : 4115 191;7 0.14 14.0 10.0 : 121 1 II Golc Concenbala zace Poly,r A 0.nty : 0% 122 -as .60 19 untr ccncaltral. : ACC Habra Polymer 1,7_I Synnelle Pciyrrer, A
: 25% 1'12 _416_,.; .=113 .1 1 o.as 14.3 r 12_5 13.5:
-1/1 = Gel E Concentrate 2006 . trailed Fdyrrar B pas 8 Oast%
Fr:Wawa 01 75% V r Ode Concord e% 20C.6 Pratura Poem% Ilyilat Synttalto Polymer A 100% 1'02 ii 1133 IT. I C 16 117 : 17.5 ' 17.2 I IS Goic Concerrtraie 7 21011 -Star,i-natura, Porton% A OA Synthetic ?OM.. A = 2E% 1'2.2 47 : 161 032 i-Il, 141 11.4 16 Gold Concentrate 20C.6 serni-nabrii Pell:roar A plus Synthetic Petro% A 111 ; ; = it% 1,32 IS " bid ir 1/6 11:0 GI el Concentra% 213C.B Polymer A plus Byrahatte Ferrer Ara:
75% 1,12 41 r 151 011 1, II COW Corea/11r%. ; 20C 6 'Serni.nalural Patric 'III Syntlearc Polyrrna A 100% 22 44 165 0.33 C 19 !
2,1 710 24.2!
ft.......I=oV. Zn.f7 1trell-nahnl Actin," E pus Synttelic Pulp,. A (11 60% 2.2 50 173 0-19-:-C 17 ; 12 0 11.3 11.7.
DU Etri d Corot 41,5151 230 A Se nl.rnernal Polymer e plus arena% Farrar A CI . 79% 1119 49- -093 : 0.31 c.ia 16.7 : 117 15/.
91 Gold Coreelrala! MCI Semi-naval Polymer II pl. Synths% radymer A
76061 1/1 ; 114 r 137 C.01 .351 303 ... 1/1:
: Z;;',17al: 229.70 ..""'r.611 Z;Ze.r41: rrol'Ttj''; %XL]: 744t;:r ;1).. 2610 12 45% : 1"09 µ0):: :47.; ;
!. , 1432 4il3 O4td Coraorrinao 93E1 itereural Fulernar El 4 Serrireaoral Primer Ft pica 9yrrttotto crlynlar l'22 411 173 t 0.31 C.1 f 14.3 110 125, tee%
411 A4eratee alt. %per% cala:
1(2) & cf Urea emprornents.
[0032] The data in Table IV demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing gold concentrate increased when natural polymers of varying molecular weight were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle. Semi-natural polymers were also effective filtration enhancers when used alone or in combination with Natural Polymer B.
Examples 95-106 and Comparative Example I
[00331 These examples illustrate the use of natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulants of Table I with a synthetic polymer (Synthetic Polymer A) to enhance the filtration of an aqueous dispersion containing gold concentrate.
Comparative Example I used only Synthetic Polymer A as the polymer treatment. Examples 95-100 and 104-109 used natural or semi-natural polymers in combination with a coagulant, which were applied prior to Synthetic Polymer A. In Examples 108 and 109, Natural Polymer B and the coagulant were mixed together prior to dosing. The amount of solids in the aqueous dispersion was 208.1 grams per liter prior to settling. The dosage of flocculant (Synthetic Polymer A) in the examples was 144.1 grams per ton, while the ratio of natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant to synthetic polymer varied from 0 to 100%. The natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant used and the ratio of such natural or semi-natural polymers with coagulant to Synthetic Polymer A are set forth in Table V.
The times for filtering 30 and 60 mL were measured. The filtration rates were then calculated and compared to the corresponding comparative example to provide a percentage measure of the increase in filtration rate (% 30 mLs and %
60 mLs). These values and the average of % 30 mLs and % 60 mLs are set forth in Table V.
[0034] The data in Table V demonstrate that the filtration rate of aqueous dispersions containing gold concentrate increased when Natural Polymer B or Semi-natural Polymer B in combination with coagulants were added to the aqueous dispersion prior to Synthetic Polymer A and allowed to settle.
Combinations of Natural Polymer B and Coagulant A or B were effective filtration enhancers whether mixed or dosed separately.
; Tatle V. i 1 . i :Floe...lard! llme for ; 7me ler ; Pete , Rana 16 l Example II Setartrele ;Sonde toA) Peagent(a) ; Rate loose tin): 30 fres fe):13 m1-.047730 (4.0 60 o:20 01.0 ix mi...s i Arerapej : . :Gold Concentrate ; 208.1 LSyntfratic Polymeg A Only II) ! " i 144.1 = 128 . 477 ; 0.24 : 0.13 =
=
. 95 ;Gold Concentrate 200.1 -Natural Polymer 0 = Coepjlont A plus Synlhetc Power A 7' 5095 i 144.1 113 ; 429 0.27 ! 0.14 12.0 11.1 r 120 7 .. .. . .. .. ... ..... . . .... . , .....õ ... ... .. .. . .. . ,... _ ._ .. _,.
_ . =
96 _Gold Coo 8100 t 201.1 :Natural Polymer B =
Co. Ad A piv;.µ,.Bynthel c Poll/Inver A 15% , 1441 : 108 '` 418 , a.25 : 0.14 18.." 14.6. 14.4 !
FR. Gold Concentrate : 223.1 -Netural Polymer 13 = Odeguerri A Floe Synthenc Polymer A 100%' 1441 : 106 : 397 ; 0.28 : 0.15 203 20.1 :l."
202 ' 99 .081d 0084881048, 218.1 :;'Nakiral Pulyaer 8 =
Goaidelort 13 plea Brine'. Pulyrnel A MN [ 144 1 ! 1,T 421 l 0.21 :- 0.14 14.9 13.2 ';` 14.0 ;
11111 :Gold Concert/ate': 230.1 Nolunal Poymer e =
Colguani 0 OM Syntgetc Polymer A 12396; 144.1 ' 114 ' 438 i 0.29 t 0.14 710 9.0 1- 10e ibi' ' Gi,i,ii dorioeririti 1 ., 238.1 -,-Nieung irroiymn 6 ..C4.41-uhint 6 ph= ayrineim Molyrner A 15.4 7 144.1 ' 103 ; Nil v7 0.29 ; 0.12 E
23.0 192 :' 21.6 -... ,.,..
101 ;Geld Concentaiiii'l - 208.1 :Seinaloral Polymer 0 Nos SyMhellc Polymer A 5095 ' 144 1 : "iii 421 ' 0.27 : 0.14 12.8 13.2 l' 130 ' 102 :Gold Concergrate ' 238.1 iSemi-nalural Polymer B olim Synthetic Polymer A 711% 1481 111111 Ole . 0.20 : 0.15 17.0 11.6 T' 169 -VP IGOE' Concentrie- 2207. ;Serni-nalural Polymer 0 aim Syrtthatlo PoLymer A l, 10056 144 1 103 ; NB - 329 : 318 334 731 ' !' 23.8:
104 ;Gold Concentrate : 2201. lSemi-nalural.P.54y/rer B -r=
Coagulant Anima Synthetic Polymer A WM = 144 1 113 424 ; 0.27 ;
314 12.0 114 121 _ 1:88 Concentrate i 211.1 ;Serni-narlural Polyrrer 13 = Coagulant A plus Synthelio Polymer:A7695 1401 109 : 399 7; 0.28 ; 319 17.13 19.5 l'" 182 ....
108 lGold Ccncentrate 7 2313.1 iSeri-naloral Polynref B r CoaQuiant A roue Synthafic Polymer A ... OSA 144 1 91 '.: 336 . 0.23 = 0.111 461 41Ø ll: 40.8 1117 ;Gold ConcentrMe : 208.1 l0emi nalurdl Polyn-er B = Coagulant C pluc 89 0000 Polymer A :10156 144 1 7 115 .
424 : 0.25 = 0.14 . 161 124 ' 11.11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. , .
1013 ;Gold C41110eti00e 238.1 !Nature! 9elymer 8/..mmulase A pen Synthelie Polyrrer A :: 75% 144.1 ; 115 ! 420 . 028 ; 0.14 1311 114 . 11.1 169. :GPI Goncedree = 296.1 ;Natural 9 oymer wCoagt.dayt B plus Synthetic Polymer A 11041: =: 144 1 ' 1 5 i 432 .: 0.28 i 13.1.le - ..100 10.3 ''' 130 ' = ; '.. -- .
xiii- : , . . . . . . ..
A,) Ammo of he eapenroeflti." : -1-- : - . ' . . .
; , ; _ , . . .
, . .
Claims (8)
1. A method for enhancing filtration performance in separating solids from liquids of a mining slurry comprising a two-step process having a physical separation step and a filtration step adding at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer to the mining slurry during, before or both during and before the physical separation step resulting in a concentrate and filtering the concentrate;
wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of water soluble anionic polymers, cationic polymers, amphoteric polymers, nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof;
and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a. an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof;
b. a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;
c. a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and d. an amphoteric polymer.
wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of water soluble anionic polymers, cationic polymers, amphoteric polymers, nonionic polymers, and mixtures thereof;
and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a. an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof;
b. a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;
c. a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and d. an amphoteric polymer.
2. The method of Claim 1 wherein the filtration aid promoter is a polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of potato starch, xanthan gum, guar, dextran, cellulose derivative and glycosaminoglycan.
3. The method of Claim 1 wherein the filtration aid promoter is an inorganic coagulant selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and-sodium aluminate.
4. The method of Claim 1 wherein the filtration aid promoter is an organic coagulant selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethylene imine and comonomers of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine, cationically-modified tannins and melamine formaldehyde.
5. The method of Claim 1 wherein the aqueous dispersion comprises a mineral selected from the group consisting of gold, phosphate, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, zinc, lead, molybdenum, iron and coal.
6. A composition for enhancing filtration of mining slurries comprising at least one filtration aid promoter and at least one synthetic polymer, wherein the filtration aid promoter is selected from the group selected from a polysaccharide, a semi-natural polymer, a coagulant, lignosulfonate, chemically modified polysaccharide and combinations thereof; and wherein the synthetic polymer is selected from the group consisting of a. an anionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, acrylamide, combinations thereof and salts thereof;
b. a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;
c. a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and d. an amphoteric polymer.
b. a cationic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylate, dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, acid addition salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, quaternary ammonium salts of dialkylamino alkyl (meth) acrylamide, diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, acid addition salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, and quaternary ammonium salts of diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride;
c. a nonionic polymer comprising monomers selected from the group consisting of acrylamide, methacrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate and N-vinylpyrrolidone; and d. an amphoteric polymer.
7. The composition of Claim 6 wherein the filtration aid promoter is a polysaccharide selected from the group consisting of potato starch, xanthan gum, guar, dextran, cellulose derivative and glycosaminoglycan.
8. The composition of Claim 6 wherein the filtration aid promoter is a coagulant selected from the group consisting of a. an inorganic coagulant selected from the group consisting of aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, polyaluminum chloride, aluminum chlorohydrate, ferric chloride, ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate and sodium aluminate;
b. an organic coagulant selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethylene imine and comonomers of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine, cationically-modified tannins and melamine formaldehyde; and c. combinations thereof.
b. an organic coagulant selected from the group consisting of polymers comprising diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethylene imine and comonomers of epichlorohydrin and dimethylamine, cationically-modified tannins and melamine formaldehyde; and c. combinations thereof.
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| US201261702774P | 2012-09-19 | 2012-09-19 | |
| US61/702,774 | 2012-09-19 | ||
| PCT/US2013/059694 WO2014046979A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 | 2013-09-13 | Process for filtration enhancement of aqueous dispersions |
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| CA2883633C true CA2883633C (en) | 2017-04-11 |
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| CN (1) | CN104640612A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2013318334B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR112015005846B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2883633C (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2015000672A1 (en) |
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| PE (1) | PE20150931A1 (en) |
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| AU2017253352A1 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2018-10-18 | Basf Se | Amphoteric polymer, process for production thereof, and use thereof, to treat aqueous dispersions |
| CN106215893A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-12-14 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | A kind of filter aid of low-grade iron ore powder |
| CN113461928B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-03-17 | 上海抚佳精细化工有限公司 | Low-condensation-point polyether, composition thereof, preparation method and application thereof |
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| CA914925A (en) * | 1972-11-21 | Simonacco Limited | Process for the concentration of the solid content of aqueous suspensions containing clay minerals | |
| US3171802A (en) * | 1962-11-14 | 1965-03-02 | Gen Services Company | Sewage treatment |
| US3541009A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1970-11-17 | Nalco Chemical Co | Polymer-polysaccharide-caustic alkali compositions and process of separating solids from aqueous suspensions therewith |
| US5871648A (en) * | 1996-11-26 | 1999-02-16 | Environmental Chemistries, Inc. | Wastewater treatment process and apparatus for high flow impurity removal |
| EP0905091A1 (en) * | 1997-09-29 | 1999-03-31 | Nalco Chemical Company | Starch/cationic polymer combinations as coagulants for the mining industry |
| GB0029077D0 (en) * | 2000-11-29 | 2001-01-10 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Flocculation of mineral suspensions |
| GB0405506D0 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2004-04-21 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Dewatering process |
| GB0405505D0 (en) * | 2004-03-12 | 2004-04-21 | Ciba Spec Chem Water Treat Ltd | Dewatering process |
| FI20085969L (en) * | 2008-10-15 | 2010-04-16 | Kautar Oy | Acidic water and its use for removal of water or separation of suspended matter |
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| AU2013318334B2 (en) | 2016-06-09 |
| EP2897707A1 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
| WO2014046979A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
| AU2013318334A1 (en) | 2015-03-05 |
| EP2897707A4 (en) | 2016-10-26 |
| MX2015003298A (en) | 2015-07-14 |
| PE20150931A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
| BR112015005846A2 (en) | 2017-07-04 |
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| CA2883633A1 (en) | 2014-03-27 |
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