CA2823426A1 - A fireplace - Google Patents
A fireplace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2823426A1 CA2823426A1 CA2823426A CA2823426A CA2823426A1 CA 2823426 A1 CA2823426 A1 CA 2823426A1 CA 2823426 A CA2823426 A CA 2823426A CA 2823426 A CA2823426 A CA 2823426A CA 2823426 A1 CA2823426 A1 CA 2823426A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- hearth
- air supply
- fireplace
- air inlet
- back wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
- F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
- F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
- F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
- F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers
- F24B1/19—Supplying combustion-air
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
- F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
- F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
- F24B5/023—Supply of primary air for combustion
Abstract
Disclosed is a fireplace including a hearth (11). Upper air inlet openings (12) are arranged at the top part of the hearth (11) and lower air inlet openings (13) are arranged at the bottom part thereof. An upper guide plate (4), forming a first air inlet channel (112) together with a door (6) of the fireplace, is arranged at the front end of the top part of hearth (11). The first air inlet channel (112) is communicated with the upper air inlet openings (12), an outlet end of which is towards the bottom end of the hearth (11). A lower guide plate (5) is arranged on the bottom end of the hearth (11). The lower guide plate (5) is a concave plate with a concave surface faced toward a back wall (8) of the hearth (11). A second air inlet channel (111) arranged on the back wall (8) of the hearth (11) is communicated with the lower air inlet openings (13). Air inlet holes (81) which are communicated with the second air inlet channel (111) are arranged on the back wall (8) of the hearth (11). The airflow entering the fireplace via the first air inlet channel (112) and the second air inlet channel (111) forms an annular airflow in the hearth (11). The intake airflow entering into the hearth (11) provides large disturbance action, thereby avoiding dead angle of air supply and achieving complete combustion.
Description
A FIREPLACE
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not Applicable STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED
RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A
COMPACT DISC
Not Applicable BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to the art of fireplace manufacturing, and more particularly, to a fireplace.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
Not Applicable STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED
RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
Not Applicable INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A
COMPACT DISC
Not Applicable BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to the art of fireplace manufacturing, and more particularly, to a fireplace.
2. Description of Related Art As living standard increases, fireplaces are more and more popular. Fireplaces are able to not only be used to get warm, but also decorate interior atmosphere more or less.
In a work process of a conventional fireplace, pieces of wood are placed into a hearth and air is supplied into the hearth via air supply vents defined in a bottom of the hearth. Since the air supply vents are only arranged in the bottom, not all positions in the hearth are ensured to get sufficient air for burning and there are always dead spaces in the hearth.
Especially, margins of the hearth usually lack of enough air and wood therein may burns slowly and incompletely.
Furthermore, the air supply vents in the bottom of such fireplace is in communication with atmosphere, which means an air supply rate is constant for this fireplace. A speed of combustion is not able to be controlled for this fireplace. One a user stops use the fireplace such as going to sleep or going out, the wood in the fireplace will keep on burning until extinguish itself. This may cause waste. Since ignition of such fireplace is usually cumbersome, users may not like to extinguish it directly every time.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is to provide a fireplace having no dead space of air supply.
In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a fireplace having a hearth having an upper air supply opening defined in a top thereof and a lower air supply opening defined in a bottom thereof, an upper deflector being provided on a front side of the top of the hearth, a first air supply channel being defined by the upper deflector and a door of the fireplace, the first air supply channel being in communication with the upper air supply opening and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth, a lower deflector being provided on the bottom of the hearth, the lower deflector having a concave surface facing a back wall of the hearth, and, a second air supply channel being defined in the back wall of the hearth, the second air supply channel being in communication with the lower air supply opening, a plurality of air supply holes being defined in the back wall and being in communication with the second air supply channel.
Preferably, the lower deflector has a concave surface.
Preferably, a first and second smoke deflectors are provided and are staggerly disposed, by which a "Z" type smoke channel is defined.
Preferably, the first and the second smoke deflectors are parallel with respect to each other.
Preferably, an adjustable ventilation door is respectively provided for the upper and the lower air supply opening.
Preferably, each the adjustable ventilation door has a handle firmly formed thereon.
These and other objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view thereof. And, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in Fig. I.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to Figs. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic view of the preferred embodiment of the fireplace of the invention. Fig. 2 is a left side view thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional new along line A-A of Fig. 1.
The invention provides a fireplace having a hearth 11. The hearth 11 is a place for burning of pieces of wood. An upper air supply opening 12 is defined on a top of the hearth 11, and a lower air supply opening 13 is defined on a bottom of the hearth 11. The hearth 11 is disposed on a frame 1. Air is supplied into the hearth 11 through the upper and lower air supply openings 12, 13.
An upper deflector 4 is provided on a front side of the top of the hearth 11.
A first air supply channel 112 is defined by the upper deflector 4 and a door 6 of the fireplace. The first air supply channel 112 is in communication with the upper air supply opening 12 and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth 11. Air enters from the upper air supply opening 12 and flows into the hearth 11 along the first air supply channel 112.
A second air supply channel 111 is defined in a back wall 8 of the hearth 11.
The second air supply channel 111 is in communication with the lower air supply opening 13. A
plurality of air supply holes 81 is defined in the back wall 8 of the hearth 11 and in communication with the second air supply channel 111. Air enters the lower air supply opening 13, flows along the second air supply channel 111, and goes into the hearth 11 through the air supply holes 81.
A lower deflector 5 is provided on the bottom of the hearth 11. The lower deflector 5 has a concave surface facing the back wall 8 of the hearth 11.
In the fireplace of the invention, in a process of burning of the pieces of wood, air enters the hearth 11 via both the first and the second air supply channel 112, 111.
The air entering the hearth 11 from the first air supply channel 112 flows downward to the bottom of the hearth 11 and then flow to the back wall 8 under the redirection of the lower deflector 5. The air entering the hearth 11 from the second air supply channel 111 flows forward from the back wall 8 of the hearth 11. In a process of air supply, two flows respectively from the first and the second air supply channels 111, 112 will form a circular air flow, which increases a perturbation of air in the hearth 11.
Turbulent flow will be full of the whole hearth 11 and occurrence of dead spaces for air supply is thus being avoided. An incomplete burning of the wood from the air supply dead spaces is thus being resolved.
In the fireplace of the invention, both the upper and the lower deflectors 4, 5 have a concave surface. The concave surface is able to increase a swivel of the flows of air in the process of redirection of the air. Circulating swivel air flows are more liable to be produced and air is more liable to be supplied to everywhere in the hearth 11.
An effect of air supply is thus being much improved.
In the fireplace of the invention, a staggerly disposing first smoke deflector 9 and a second smoke deflector 10 are provided. A "Z" type smoke channel is defined by the first and the second smoke deflectors 9, 10. The smoke channel is in communication with a chimney 2, through which smoke produced in the working of the fireplace will be discharged. For a more preferably resolution, the first and the second smoke deflectors 9, are parallel with respect to each other.
In the fireplace of the invention, an adjustable ventilation door is able to be provided respectively for the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13. The ventilation doors may be any type of door as long as they are able to adjust a width of an aperture of the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13. With reference to Fig. 3, in this embodiment, an upper ventilation door 3 having an upper handle 31 thereof is provided for the upper air supply opening 12. The upper handle 3lis firmly formed to the ventilation door 3. A lower ventilation door 7 having a lower handle 71 thereof is provided for the lower air supply opening 13. The upper and the lower handles 31, 71 are disposed on the hearth and being rotatable. The width of the apertures is able to be adjusted by rotation of the handles 31, 71, and then blow rates of the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13 are able to be changed.
In the fireplace of the invention, one adjustable ventilation door 3 or 7 is provided for either the upper or the lower air supply opening 12 or 13. Through adjustment of the ventilation door 3 or 7, a quantity of the air entering the hearth 11 is able to be changed.
Thus, the burning of the wood in the hearth 11 becomes controllable. When a use would like not to use the fireplace, the ventilation doors 3, 7 are able to be diminished to decrease air flow rate. The burning does not have to extinguish and at the same time, an exhaustion of wood may be lowered.
From above description, it is seen that the objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. Embodiment of the invention has been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the functional and structural principles of the present invention and is subject to change without departure from the invention's principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
In a work process of a conventional fireplace, pieces of wood are placed into a hearth and air is supplied into the hearth via air supply vents defined in a bottom of the hearth. Since the air supply vents are only arranged in the bottom, not all positions in the hearth are ensured to get sufficient air for burning and there are always dead spaces in the hearth.
Especially, margins of the hearth usually lack of enough air and wood therein may burns slowly and incompletely.
Furthermore, the air supply vents in the bottom of such fireplace is in communication with atmosphere, which means an air supply rate is constant for this fireplace. A speed of combustion is not able to be controlled for this fireplace. One a user stops use the fireplace such as going to sleep or going out, the wood in the fireplace will keep on burning until extinguish itself. This may cause waste. Since ignition of such fireplace is usually cumbersome, users may not like to extinguish it directly every time.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The main object of the invention is to provide a fireplace having no dead space of air supply.
In order to accomplish the above object, the present invention provides a fireplace having a hearth having an upper air supply opening defined in a top thereof and a lower air supply opening defined in a bottom thereof, an upper deflector being provided on a front side of the top of the hearth, a first air supply channel being defined by the upper deflector and a door of the fireplace, the first air supply channel being in communication with the upper air supply opening and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth, a lower deflector being provided on the bottom of the hearth, the lower deflector having a concave surface facing a back wall of the hearth, and, a second air supply channel being defined in the back wall of the hearth, the second air supply channel being in communication with the lower air supply opening, a plurality of air supply holes being defined in the back wall and being in communication with the second air supply channel.
Preferably, the lower deflector has a concave surface.
Preferably, a first and second smoke deflectors are provided and are staggerly disposed, by which a "Z" type smoke channel is defined.
Preferably, the first and the second smoke deflectors are parallel with respect to each other.
Preferably, an adjustable ventilation door is respectively provided for the upper and the lower air supply opening.
Preferably, each the adjustable ventilation door has a handle firmly formed thereon.
These and other objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, the accompanying drawings, and the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the preferred embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view thereof. And, Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view along A-A in Fig. I.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to Figs. 1 to 3, fig. 1 is a schematic view of the preferred embodiment of the fireplace of the invention. Fig. 2 is a left side view thereof. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional new along line A-A of Fig. 1.
The invention provides a fireplace having a hearth 11. The hearth 11 is a place for burning of pieces of wood. An upper air supply opening 12 is defined on a top of the hearth 11, and a lower air supply opening 13 is defined on a bottom of the hearth 11. The hearth 11 is disposed on a frame 1. Air is supplied into the hearth 11 through the upper and lower air supply openings 12, 13.
An upper deflector 4 is provided on a front side of the top of the hearth 11.
A first air supply channel 112 is defined by the upper deflector 4 and a door 6 of the fireplace. The first air supply channel 112 is in communication with the upper air supply opening 12 and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth 11. Air enters from the upper air supply opening 12 and flows into the hearth 11 along the first air supply channel 112.
A second air supply channel 111 is defined in a back wall 8 of the hearth 11.
The second air supply channel 111 is in communication with the lower air supply opening 13. A
plurality of air supply holes 81 is defined in the back wall 8 of the hearth 11 and in communication with the second air supply channel 111. Air enters the lower air supply opening 13, flows along the second air supply channel 111, and goes into the hearth 11 through the air supply holes 81.
A lower deflector 5 is provided on the bottom of the hearth 11. The lower deflector 5 has a concave surface facing the back wall 8 of the hearth 11.
In the fireplace of the invention, in a process of burning of the pieces of wood, air enters the hearth 11 via both the first and the second air supply channel 112, 111.
The air entering the hearth 11 from the first air supply channel 112 flows downward to the bottom of the hearth 11 and then flow to the back wall 8 under the redirection of the lower deflector 5. The air entering the hearth 11 from the second air supply channel 111 flows forward from the back wall 8 of the hearth 11. In a process of air supply, two flows respectively from the first and the second air supply channels 111, 112 will form a circular air flow, which increases a perturbation of air in the hearth 11.
Turbulent flow will be full of the whole hearth 11 and occurrence of dead spaces for air supply is thus being avoided. An incomplete burning of the wood from the air supply dead spaces is thus being resolved.
In the fireplace of the invention, both the upper and the lower deflectors 4, 5 have a concave surface. The concave surface is able to increase a swivel of the flows of air in the process of redirection of the air. Circulating swivel air flows are more liable to be produced and air is more liable to be supplied to everywhere in the hearth 11.
An effect of air supply is thus being much improved.
In the fireplace of the invention, a staggerly disposing first smoke deflector 9 and a second smoke deflector 10 are provided. A "Z" type smoke channel is defined by the first and the second smoke deflectors 9, 10. The smoke channel is in communication with a chimney 2, through which smoke produced in the working of the fireplace will be discharged. For a more preferably resolution, the first and the second smoke deflectors 9, are parallel with respect to each other.
In the fireplace of the invention, an adjustable ventilation door is able to be provided respectively for the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13. The ventilation doors may be any type of door as long as they are able to adjust a width of an aperture of the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13. With reference to Fig. 3, in this embodiment, an upper ventilation door 3 having an upper handle 31 thereof is provided for the upper air supply opening 12. The upper handle 3lis firmly formed to the ventilation door 3. A lower ventilation door 7 having a lower handle 71 thereof is provided for the lower air supply opening 13. The upper and the lower handles 31, 71 are disposed on the hearth and being rotatable. The width of the apertures is able to be adjusted by rotation of the handles 31, 71, and then blow rates of the upper and the lower air supply openings 12, 13 are able to be changed.
In the fireplace of the invention, one adjustable ventilation door 3 or 7 is provided for either the upper or the lower air supply opening 12 or 13. Through adjustment of the ventilation door 3 or 7, a quantity of the air entering the hearth 11 is able to be changed.
Thus, the burning of the wood in the hearth 11 becomes controllable. When a use would like not to use the fireplace, the ventilation doors 3, 7 are able to be diminished to decrease air flow rate. The burning does not have to extinguish and at the same time, an exhaustion of wood may be lowered.
From above description, it is seen that the objects of the present invention have been fully and effectively accomplished. Embodiment of the invention has been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the functional and structural principles of the present invention and is subject to change without departure from the invention's principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit and scope of the following claims.
Claims (6)
1. A fireplace comprising:
a hearth having an upper air supply opening defined in a top thereof and a lower air supply opening defined in a bottom thereof, an upper deflector being provided on a front side of said top of said hearth, a first air supply channel being defined by said upper deflector and a door of said fireplace, said first air supply channel being in communication with said upper air supply opening and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth, a lower deflector being provided on said bottom of said hearth, said lower deflector having a concave surface facing a back wall of said hearth, and, a second air supply channel being defined in said back wall of said hearth, said second air supply channel being in communication with said lower air supply opening, a plurality of air supply holes being defined in said back wall and being in communication with said second air supply channel.
a hearth having an upper air supply opening defined in a top thereof and a lower air supply opening defined in a bottom thereof, an upper deflector being provided on a front side of said top of said hearth, a first air supply channel being defined by said upper deflector and a door of said fireplace, said first air supply channel being in communication with said upper air supply opening and has an outlet facing a bottom of the hearth, a lower deflector being provided on said bottom of said hearth, said lower deflector having a concave surface facing a back wall of said hearth, and, a second air supply channel being defined in said back wall of said hearth, said second air supply channel being in communication with said lower air supply opening, a plurality of air supply holes being defined in said back wall and being in communication with said second air supply channel.
2. The fireplace as claimed in claim 1, wherein said lower deflector has a concave surface.
3. The fireplace as claimed in claim 2, wherein a first and second smoke deflectors are provided and are staggerly disposed, by which a "Z" type smoke channel is defined.
4. The fireplace as claimed in claim 3, wherein said first and said second smoke deflectors are parallel with respect to each other.
5. The fireplace as claimed in claim 4, wherein an adjustable ventilation door is respectively provided for said upper and said lower air supply opening.
6. The fireplace as claimed in claim 5, wherein each said adjustable ventilation door has a handle firmly formed thereon.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/CN2010/080347 WO2012088658A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2010-12-28 | Fireplace |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2823426A1 true CA2823426A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
Family
ID=46382175
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA2823426A Abandoned CA2823426A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2010-12-28 | A fireplace |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130269679A1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2823426A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012088658A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2503462B (en) * | 2012-06-27 | 2016-10-12 | Hunter Stoves Ltd | Stove with additional air flow |
CN102818296A (en) * | 2012-08-14 | 2012-12-12 | 河南和福来金属有限公司 | Clean burning fireplace with water liner |
KR102135570B1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-07-21 | (주)에스엠테크 | A Disposable stove tin with convection current control plate |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO1981002621A1 (en) * | 1980-03-07 | 1981-09-17 | Dalso Maskinfabrik Af 1976 As | Woodburning stove,fireplace or the like |
US4404953A (en) * | 1981-05-04 | 1983-09-20 | Thulman Robert D | Stove for burning combustible solid fuels |
US4643165A (en) * | 1986-02-26 | 1987-02-17 | Chamberlain Joseph G | Nonpolluting, high efficiency firebox for wood burning stove |
US4683868A (en) * | 1986-04-09 | 1987-08-04 | Vermont Castins, Inc. | Wood burning stove having glass cleaning system |
BE1000352A7 (en) * | 1987-03-03 | 1988-11-08 | Lion Sa Fonderies | Focus in particular wood stove, fitted with neutralizing device capable of elements of pollutants gas burnt. |
US5263471A (en) * | 1992-01-06 | 1993-11-23 | Shimek Ronald J | Solid fuel clean burning zero clearance fireplace |
US5542407A (en) * | 1994-07-01 | 1996-08-06 | Hon Industries Inc. | Fireplace assembly |
CN201133659Y (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-10-15 | 马心德 | Fireplace |
CN201903113U (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2011-07-20 | 朱宏锋 | Grate |
CN102116502B (en) * | 2010-12-28 | 2014-05-28 | 朱宏锋 | Fireplace |
-
2010
- 2010-12-28 WO PCT/CN2010/080347 patent/WO2012088658A1/en active Application Filing
- 2010-12-28 US US13/976,519 patent/US20130269679A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-28 CA CA2823426A patent/CA2823426A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130269679A1 (en) | 2013-10-17 |
WO2012088658A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20141230 |