CA2818278C - Motor vehicle seat - Google Patents
Motor vehicle seat Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2818278C CA2818278C CA2818278A CA2818278A CA2818278C CA 2818278 C CA2818278 C CA 2818278C CA 2818278 A CA2818278 A CA 2818278A CA 2818278 A CA2818278 A CA 2818278A CA 2818278 C CA2818278 C CA 2818278C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- motor vehicle
- seat
- frame
- seat frame
- fittings
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/68—Seat frames
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/02—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable
- B60N2/20—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles the seat or part thereof being movable, e.g. adjustable the back-rest being tiltable, e.g. to permit easy access
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60N—SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60N2/00—Seats specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement or mounting of seats in vehicles
- B60N2/68—Seat frames
- B60N2/682—Joining means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Seats For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a motor vehicle seat comprising a seat frame and a backrest frame which is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame at the sides via fittings, wherein the fittings are screwed at least to the seat frame. It is essential to the invention in this case that a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw fixing one fitting in each case to the associated seat frame runs substantially in the vertical direction of the vehicle. A significantly improved force flux in the event of a rear or front impact of the motor vehicle and simplified assembly can thereby be achieved.
Description
Motor vehicle seat The present invention relates to a motor vehicle seat comprising a seat frame and a backrest frame which is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame at the side via fittings. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle equipped with at least one motor vehicle seat of this type.
DE 20 2010 000 807 Ul discloses a motor vehicle seat of the type in question comprising a seat frame and an associated backrest frame which is connected pivotably to the seat frame via lateral fittings. In this case, a connection between the fittings and the seat frame is realized via a screw connection.
The seat frame is substantially formed from a base surface element, the front edge and the two side edges of which are used to form a first oval tube which is bent in a U-shaped manner and has an upwardly oriented cross section. In general, this embodiment is intended to provide a motor vehicle seat which is firstly constructed as simply as possible structurally, but secondly is as robust as possible, in particular for military vehicles.
US 6,543,855 52, US 7,083,215 52 and FR 2 842 476 Al disclose further motor vehicle seats, each comprising a seat frame and a backrest frame.
A common feature of all of the motor vehicle seats known from the prior art is that a backrest frame is in each case screwed to lateral fittings which, in turn, are fastened in an articulated manner to the seat frame of the associated motor vehicle seat. However, a disadvantage of the known motor vehicles is that, in the event of a crash, an extremely unfavorable loading, namely a torsional loading with lever forces which are not to be underestimated, acts on the screw connection.
DE 20 2010 000 807 Ul discloses a motor vehicle seat of the type in question comprising a seat frame and an associated backrest frame which is connected pivotably to the seat frame via lateral fittings. In this case, a connection between the fittings and the seat frame is realized via a screw connection.
The seat frame is substantially formed from a base surface element, the front edge and the two side edges of which are used to form a first oval tube which is bent in a U-shaped manner and has an upwardly oriented cross section. In general, this embodiment is intended to provide a motor vehicle seat which is firstly constructed as simply as possible structurally, but secondly is as robust as possible, in particular for military vehicles.
US 6,543,855 52, US 7,083,215 52 and FR 2 842 476 Al disclose further motor vehicle seats, each comprising a seat frame and a backrest frame.
A common feature of all of the motor vehicle seats known from the prior art is that a backrest frame is in each case screwed to lateral fittings which, in turn, are fastened in an articulated manner to the seat frame of the associated motor vehicle seat. However, a disadvantage of the known motor vehicles is that, in the event of a crash, an extremely unfavorable loading, namely a torsional loading with lever forces which are not to be underestimated, acts on the screw connection.
2 The present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a motor vehicle seat of the type in question, said embodiment being distinguished in particular by an improved crash performance.
In a broad aspect, the present invention provides a motor vehicle seat 1 comprising a seat frame 2 and a backrest frame 3 which is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame 2 at the sides via fittings 4, wherein the fittings 4 are screwed at least to the seat frame 2, characterized in that a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw 8 fixing one fitting 4 in each case to the associated seat frame 2 runs substantially in the vertical direction z of the vehicle.
The present invention is based on the general concept of rotating a screwing-in direction of screws screwing a seat frame to lateral fittings by 900 such that the screwing(-in) direction of said screws, i.e. the longitudinal axis thereof, no longer runs as previously in the transverse direction of the vehicle, but rather now runs in the vertical direction of the vehicle, i.e. parallel to a z axis, and, as a result, in the event of a crash, said screws are not subjected to torsional loadings but rather exclusively to transverse forces, for which said screws are designed and are also dimensioned and which can be significantly better absorbed by said screws. The motor vehicle seat according to the invention has a seat frame and a backrest frame, wherein the latter is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame at the sides via fittings. The screw connection according to the invention of the fittings to the seat frame, i.e. in particular also the orientation according to the invention of the screws in the vertical direction of the vehicle, means that, in the event 2a of a crash, i.e., for example, in the case of a rear impact, the screws are not subjected to a torque having a lever arm, but rather merely to a transverse force via the respective tension and compression straps of the seat frame. In addition, the arrangement according to the invention and the orientation of the screws in the vertical direction of
In a broad aspect, the present invention provides a motor vehicle seat 1 comprising a seat frame 2 and a backrest frame 3 which is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame 2 at the sides via fittings 4, wherein the fittings 4 are screwed at least to the seat frame 2, characterized in that a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw 8 fixing one fitting 4 in each case to the associated seat frame 2 runs substantially in the vertical direction z of the vehicle.
The present invention is based on the general concept of rotating a screwing-in direction of screws screwing a seat frame to lateral fittings by 900 such that the screwing(-in) direction of said screws, i.e. the longitudinal axis thereof, no longer runs as previously in the transverse direction of the vehicle, but rather now runs in the vertical direction of the vehicle, i.e. parallel to a z axis, and, as a result, in the event of a crash, said screws are not subjected to torsional loadings but rather exclusively to transverse forces, for which said screws are designed and are also dimensioned and which can be significantly better absorbed by said screws. The motor vehicle seat according to the invention has a seat frame and a backrest frame, wherein the latter is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame at the sides via fittings. The screw connection according to the invention of the fittings to the seat frame, i.e. in particular also the orientation according to the invention of the screws in the vertical direction of the vehicle, means that, in the event 2a of a crash, i.e., for example, in the case of a rear impact, the screws are not subjected to a torque having a lever arm, but rather merely to a transverse force via the respective tension and compression straps of the seat frame. In addition, the arrangement according to the invention and the orientation of the screws in the vertical direction of
3 the vehicle enable the distance of said screws from a neutral fiber to be maximized and, as a result, the force absorption of said screws to be optimized. This is because, the greater the distance from the neutral fiber, the smaller are the forces which are to be applied there in order to be able to provide a required holding moment. In this connection, a further important advantage to be mentioned is that the orientation of the screws in the vertical direction of the vehicle now corresponds to the demolding direction, as a result of which, in particular, improvements in terms of the manufacturing technology can be obtained.
In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, at least one of the fittings has a U-shaped design with two U limbs bordering the seat frame, wherein said U limbs run parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle and at least one screw running parallel to the vertical direction of the vehicle is guided through each U
limb and is screwed to the seat frame. By means of this embodiment of the fittings or of a lower part of said fitting that faces the seat frame, the fitting can be of comparatively stiff design per se and, by means of the configuration surrounding the seat frame, can be connected in a particularly stiff manner to same.
The backrest frame expediently has tension and compression straps, wherein the fittings are in each case screwed directly to the tension and compression strap. The direct screwing of the fittings to the tension and compression straps of the backrest frame enables a particularly favorable force flux to be achieved, in particular in the event of a rear impact, wherein the tension and compression straps are also designed to be particularly stiff and for the absorption of large loadings. The tension and compression straps customarily run on an upper or lower side of the seat frame.
In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, at least one of the fittings has a U-shaped design with two U limbs bordering the seat frame, wherein said U limbs run parallel to the transverse direction of the vehicle and at least one screw running parallel to the vertical direction of the vehicle is guided through each U
limb and is screwed to the seat frame. By means of this embodiment of the fittings or of a lower part of said fitting that faces the seat frame, the fitting can be of comparatively stiff design per se and, by means of the configuration surrounding the seat frame, can be connected in a particularly stiff manner to same.
The backrest frame expediently has tension and compression straps, wherein the fittings are in each case screwed directly to the tension and compression strap. The direct screwing of the fittings to the tension and compression straps of the backrest frame enables a particularly favorable force flux to be achieved, in particular in the event of a rear impact, wherein the tension and compression straps are also designed to be particularly stiff and for the absorption of large loadings. The tension and compression straps customarily run on an upper or lower side of the seat frame.
4 In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the seat frame and/or the backrest frame are/is formed from light metal, in particular from cast magnesium. Magnesium is, for example, lighter than aluminum by again approx. 30%, but a significantly increased strength can be achieved by adding corresponding alloy elements. Of particular advantage in the case of magnesium alloys of this type are, in particular, the very good casting properties thereof, which also permit the production of complicated die castings having high surface quality. A further great advantage in this case is that magnesium does not have such a corrosive effect on the steel crucibles and molds as, for example, an aluminum melt, and that the operation can be carried out with smaller draft angles.
Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawings.
It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those which have yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively stated combination but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the description below, wherein the same reference numbers refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components.
In the drawings, in each case schematically, fig. 1 shows a motor vehicle seat according to the invention in a side illustration, fig. 2 shows the screw connection according to the invention for holding of the seat frame on the associated fitting.
Further important features and advantages of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawings.
It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those which have yet to be explained below can be used not only in the respectively stated combination but also in other combinations or on their own without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail in the description below, wherein the same reference numbers refer to identical or similar or functionally identical components.
In the drawings, in each case schematically, fig. 1 shows a motor vehicle seat according to the invention in a side illustration, fig. 2 shows the screw connection according to the invention for holding of the seat frame on the associated fitting.
5 According to figure 1, a motor vehicle seat 1 according to the invention has a seat frame 2 and a backrest frame 3, wherein the backrest frame 3 is in each case connected to the seat frame 2 at the sides via corresponding fittings 4 (cf. also the detailed illustration in figure 2). In this case, each of the fittings 4 consists of an upper part 5 facing the backrest frame 3 and of a lower part 6 facing the seat frame 2, wherein the two parts 5, 6 of the respective fitting 4 are mounted pivotably on each other and thereby permit pivoting of the backrest frame 3 relative to the seat frame 2 in a customary manner. The upper part 5 of the fittings 4, and therefore the fitting 4 itself, is in this case screwed to the backrest frame 3, wherein here a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw 7, i.e. a longitudinal axis of same, runs preferably in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, i.e. in the x direction. This brings about particularly good holding of the backrest frame 3 in the event of a crash, in which particular impact forces occur in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. In order also to be able optimally to conduct the high forces occurring in particular in the event of a crash into the seat frame 2, provision is made in the motor vehicle seat 1 according to the invention for a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw 8 fixing the respective fitting 4 to the associated seat frame 2 to run substantially in the vertical direction z of the vehicle. In addition to the improved force absorption, the screws 8 running in the vertical direction z of the vehicle are also particularly favorable in terms of manufacturing technology, since said screws run parallel to the demolding direction. By this means, in particular, improved assembly and disassembly of the motor vehicle seat 1 can be obtained. In order to clarify the force
6 profile improved by the screws 8 arranged according to the invention, reference is made in particular to figure 2.
Looking therefore at figure 2, it can be seen that an effective distance A between the two initiating forces F, and therefore also a lever arm A/2, with respect to the neutral fiber 9 is significantly greater than is the case hitherto with screws 8' (merely illustrated by the broken line according to figure 2) running in the transverse direction y of the vehicle. With screws 8' running in the transverse direction y of the vehicle, the lever arm is merely A*/2 and is thereby significantly shorter than A/2, as a result of which, with the same screw quality, a smaller amount of force could be absorbed. The screws 8 arranged according to the invention therefore maximize the lever arm A/2 with respect to the neutral fiber 9 and thereby permit a significantly increased force absorption, which has a positive effect in particular in the event of a crash. In this case, the moment zero always prevails in the neutral fiber 9.
Looking at the lower part 6 of the fitting 4 in figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that said fitting has a U-shaped design with two U limbs 10, 10' bordering the seat frame 2, wherein said U
limbs 10, 10' run parallel to the transverse direction y of the vehicle, and wherein at least one screw 8 preferably running parallel to the vertical direction z of the vehicle, or, as shown in Fig. 1 two screws 8, is or are guided through each U limb 10, 10' and screwed to the seat frame 2.
The seat frame 2 and/or the backrest frame 3 are preferably formed from light metal, in particular from cast magnesium, and therefore, owing to the reduced weight, are particularly suitable for manufacturing sports cars. As an alternative, for example, the backrest frame 3 can also be designed as a shaped sheet metal part.
Looking therefore at figure 2, it can be seen that an effective distance A between the two initiating forces F, and therefore also a lever arm A/2, with respect to the neutral fiber 9 is significantly greater than is the case hitherto with screws 8' (merely illustrated by the broken line according to figure 2) running in the transverse direction y of the vehicle. With screws 8' running in the transverse direction y of the vehicle, the lever arm is merely A*/2 and is thereby significantly shorter than A/2, as a result of which, with the same screw quality, a smaller amount of force could be absorbed. The screws 8 arranged according to the invention therefore maximize the lever arm A/2 with respect to the neutral fiber 9 and thereby permit a significantly increased force absorption, which has a positive effect in particular in the event of a crash. In this case, the moment zero always prevails in the neutral fiber 9.
Looking at the lower part 6 of the fitting 4 in figs. 1 and 2, it can be seen that said fitting has a U-shaped design with two U limbs 10, 10' bordering the seat frame 2, wherein said U
limbs 10, 10' run parallel to the transverse direction y of the vehicle, and wherein at least one screw 8 preferably running parallel to the vertical direction z of the vehicle, or, as shown in Fig. 1 two screws 8, is or are guided through each U limb 10, 10' and screwed to the seat frame 2.
The seat frame 2 and/or the backrest frame 3 are preferably formed from light metal, in particular from cast magnesium, and therefore, owing to the reduced weight, are particularly suitable for manufacturing sports cars. As an alternative, for example, the backrest frame 3 can also be designed as a shaped sheet metal part.
7 The seat frame 2 also has tension and compression straps 13, 13' via which force is introduced and via which the fittings 4 are connected or screwed to the seat frame 2. Since the fittings 4 themselves have to withstand particularly high loadings, said fittings are preferably designed as steel parts and are therefore capable of absorbing high forces. The tension and compression straps 13, 13' are illustrated according to figure 2 by arrows and by broken line, wherein, depending in each case on the moment introduced, the tension strap 13 runs either along the upper U limb 10 or along the lower U limb 10'.
Of course, a padding 12 with a cover can be arranged in a known manner on both the seat frame 2 and on the backrest frame 3, said padding being pulled over and covering the seat frame 2 and the backrest frame 3 and enabling pleasant and comfortable sitting on the motor vehicle seat 1.
With the motor vehicle seat 1 according to the invention, a motor vehicle 11 equipped therewith can in particular be formed safely, since a comparatively high force absorption in the connecting region between the fittings 4 and the seat frame 2 is possible by means of the screw connection according to the invention and orientation of the screws 8. By means of the relatively large lever arm, the screws 8 can also be dimensioned to be smaller and therefore reduced in weight, but nevertheless can absorb the same forces. In addition, by means of the screwing direction of the screws 8 running substantially parallel to the demolding direction, i.e. in the vertical axis z of the vehicle, the assembly or disassembly of the motor vehicle seat 1 can be facilitated.
Of course, a padding 12 with a cover can be arranged in a known manner on both the seat frame 2 and on the backrest frame 3, said padding being pulled over and covering the seat frame 2 and the backrest frame 3 and enabling pleasant and comfortable sitting on the motor vehicle seat 1.
With the motor vehicle seat 1 according to the invention, a motor vehicle 11 equipped therewith can in particular be formed safely, since a comparatively high force absorption in the connecting region between the fittings 4 and the seat frame 2 is possible by means of the screw connection according to the invention and orientation of the screws 8. By means of the relatively large lever arm, the screws 8 can also be dimensioned to be smaller and therefore reduced in weight, but nevertheless can absorb the same forces. In addition, by means of the screwing direction of the screws 8 running substantially parallel to the demolding direction, i.e. in the vertical axis z of the vehicle, the assembly or disassembly of the motor vehicle seat 1 can be facilitated.
Claims (10)
1.A motor vehicle seat (1) comprising a seat frame (2) and a backrest frame (3) which is in each case connected pivotably to the seat frame (2) at the sides via fittings (4), wherein the fittings (4) are screwed at least to the seat frame (2), characterized in that a screwing(-in) direction of at least one screw (8) fixing one fitting (4) in each case to the associated seat frame (2) runs substantially in the vertical direction (z) of the vehicle.
2. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the fittings (4) has a design bordering the seat frame (2).
3. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each fitting (4) is formed from an upper part (5) facing the backrest frame (3) and a lower part (6) facing the seat frame (2), said parts being mounted pivotably on each other and thereby permitting pivoting of the backrest frame (3).
4. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each fitting (4) is fastened to the seat frame (2) by at least two screws (8).
5. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the seat frame (2) and/or the backrest frame (3) are/is formed from light metal, in particular from cast magnesium.
6. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the backrest frame (3) is designed as a shaped sheet metal part.
7. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the seat frame (2) has tension and compression straps, wherein the fittings (4) are each screwed directly to the tension and compression strap (13, 13').
8. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a padding (12) with a cover is arranged on both the seat frame (2) and on the backrest frame (3).
9. The motor vehicle seat as claimed in one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the fittings (4) is formed from steel.
10.A motor vehicle with a motor vehicle seat (1), which is arranged in a passenger compartment, as claimed in one of claims 1 to 9.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE201210107035 DE102012107035A1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Automotive seat |
| DE102012107035.0 | 2012-08-01 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2818278A1 CA2818278A1 (en) | 2014-02-01 |
| CA2818278C true CA2818278C (en) | 2016-02-16 |
Family
ID=49943885
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2818278A Expired - Fee Related CA2818278C (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2013-06-07 | Motor vehicle seat |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5639233B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103568909B (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2818278C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102012107035A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6726113B2 (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2020-07-22 | スズキ株式会社 | Structure of vehicle seat frame |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5865950U (en) * | 1981-10-27 | 1983-05-04 | 株式会社タチエス | Vehicle seat frame |
| JP2002034712A (en) * | 2000-07-31 | 2002-02-05 | Tachi S Co Ltd | Seat back frame |
| BR0212192A (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2004-10-05 | Dow Global Technologies Inc | Car interior set |
| US6543855B2 (en) | 2001-08-24 | 2003-04-08 | Bae Industries, Inc. | Cup style spacer for attaching an upper arm to a seat frame forming a part of a seat integrated restraint mechanism |
| FR2842476B1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 2005-02-18 | Faurecia Sieges Automobile | SYSTEM FOR CONNECTING A SWIVEL BACKREST TO A SEAT OF A MOTOR VEHICLE SEAT, AND A SEAT PROVIDED WITH SUCH A CONNECTION SYSTEM |
| US7083215B2 (en) | 2003-09-17 | 2006-08-01 | Toyota Technical Center Usa, Inc. | Double cam locking hinges for folding rear seat |
| DE202010000807U1 (en) | 2010-01-12 | 2010-04-15 | Seattec Sitztechnik Gmbh | Vehicle seat, in particular for a military vehicle |
| DE102012010186A1 (en) * | 2012-05-24 | 2012-12-06 | Daimler Ag | Motor vehicle seat comprises seat, which is connected with backrest and seat has height-adjustable seat frame, which is connected to frame part, where backrest is pivotally connected to frame part |
-
2012
- 2012-08-01 DE DE201210107035 patent/DE102012107035A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-06-07 CA CA2818278A patent/CA2818278C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-23 JP JP2013152727A patent/JP5639233B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-07-26 CN CN201310319489.4A patent/CN103568909B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103568909B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
| CN103568909A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
| JP2014031162A (en) | 2014-02-20 |
| JP5639233B2 (en) | 2014-12-10 |
| DE102012107035A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| CA2818278A1 (en) | 2014-02-01 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20220301 |
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| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20200831 |