CA2812202A1 - Method and system for removing mature fine tailings of a desired density from a tailings pond - Google Patents
Method and system for removing mature fine tailings of a desired density from a tailings pond Download PDFInfo
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- CA2812202A1 CA2812202A1 CA2812202A CA2812202A CA2812202A1 CA 2812202 A1 CA2812202 A1 CA 2812202A1 CA 2812202 A CA2812202 A CA 2812202A CA 2812202 A CA2812202 A CA 2812202A CA 2812202 A1 CA2812202 A1 CA 2812202A1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001010 compromised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N furosemide Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(S(=O)(=O)N)=CC(C(O)=O)=C1NCC1=CC=CO1 ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/02—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for oil-sand, oil-chalk, oil-shales, ozokerite, bitumen, or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D21/00—Separation of suspended solid particles from liquids by sedimentation
- B01D21/24—Feed or discharge mechanisms for settling tanks
- B01D21/245—Discharge mechanisms for the sediments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/007—Reclamation of contaminated soil by removing contaminants floating on the water table
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Cleaning Or Clearing Of The Surface Of Open Water (AREA)
- Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
Abstract
A method and a system for removal of Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) out of oilsands tailings ponds, specifically enabling year-round removal of MFT which density is greater than 1.35 t/m3.
It utilizes a hollow, essentially fully enclosed around its perimeter, ideally of cylindrical form structure, (henceforth called the "structure") (5) of predetermined geometry, which is placed at the pond surface as shown in Figure 2.
Water and less dense MFT initially located within the structure is moved outside the structure, while the MFT of required density which is surrounding the structure enters it under the action of hydrostatic pressure as per Figure 6.
Continuous MFT removal operation is enabled due to simultaneous inflow of MFT
surrounding the structure so that the hydrostatic equilibrium as per Formula 1 noted herein is maintained.
It utilizes a hollow, essentially fully enclosed around its perimeter, ideally of cylindrical form structure, (henceforth called the "structure") (5) of predetermined geometry, which is placed at the pond surface as shown in Figure 2.
Water and less dense MFT initially located within the structure is moved outside the structure, while the MFT of required density which is surrounding the structure enters it under the action of hydrostatic pressure as per Figure 6.
Continuous MFT removal operation is enabled due to simultaneous inflow of MFT
surrounding the structure so that the hydrostatic equilibrium as per Formula 1 noted herein is maintained.
Description
METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR REMOVAL OF OILSANDS MATURE FINE TAILINGS
(MFT) OUT OF OILSANDS TAILINGS PONDS, SPECIFICALLY ENABLING YEAR-ROUND REMOVAL OF MFT OF DENSITY GREATER THAN 1.35 t/m3 . . . . _ .
_ Field Of The Invention The invention enables continuous, year-round removal of Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) out of oilsands tailings ponds including removal of MFT which density is greater than 1.35 tones per cubic meter (t/m3).
It addresses the limitations of the current MFT removal technologies as described in the Description Of Current Art section.
(MFT) OUT OF OILSANDS TAILINGS PONDS, SPECIFICALLY ENABLING YEAR-ROUND REMOVAL OF MFT OF DENSITY GREATER THAN 1.35 t/m3 . . . . _ .
_ Field Of The Invention The invention enables continuous, year-round removal of Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) out of oilsands tailings ponds including removal of MFT which density is greater than 1.35 tones per cubic meter (t/m3).
It addresses the limitations of the current MFT removal technologies as described in the Description Of Current Art section.
- 2 -Mature Fine Tailings (MFT) is a byproduct of the bitumen extraction process of oilsands mining operations. The main components of MFT are water and oilsands fines.
Numerous other ingredients are also found in MFT in smaller quantities, these are either originally found in the oilsands deposits, or are introduced into MFT through the bitumen extraction process.
The "fines" mentioned herein are solid particles smaller than approximately 44 microns which do not settle to the bottom of the pond but stay in suspension for prolonged period of time thus creating MFT.
The oilsands tailings, which are produced through the bitumen extraction process, are delivered to the tailings ponds via hydro transport installations.
Typical configuration of an oilsands tailing pond is shown in Figure 1.
Coarse fractions of the tailings such as sand settle at the bottom of the tailings pond or form a beach.
A part of water contained within the tailings creates a layer of recyclable water at the surface level of the tailings pond. This layer of recyclable water is referred to as the "water cap" (1). The rest of the water combined with fines forms MFT (2) which is located between the water cap on the top and sand deposit (3) at the bottom of the pond.
MFT behaves as Non-Newtonian, Bingham fluid. Its main physical properties are characterized by its specific gravity, shear strength and viscosity. The least dense MFT is found closer to the water cap. The MFT specific gravity, shear strength and viscosity increase with depth.
A vertical section through a typical oilsands tailing pond is shown in Figure
Numerous other ingredients are also found in MFT in smaller quantities, these are either originally found in the oilsands deposits, or are introduced into MFT through the bitumen extraction process.
The "fines" mentioned herein are solid particles smaller than approximately 44 microns which do not settle to the bottom of the pond but stay in suspension for prolonged period of time thus creating MFT.
The oilsands tailings, which are produced through the bitumen extraction process, are delivered to the tailings ponds via hydro transport installations.
Typical configuration of an oilsands tailing pond is shown in Figure 1.
Coarse fractions of the tailings such as sand settle at the bottom of the tailings pond or form a beach.
A part of water contained within the tailings creates a layer of recyclable water at the surface level of the tailings pond. This layer of recyclable water is referred to as the "water cap" (1). The rest of the water combined with fines forms MFT (2) which is located between the water cap on the top and sand deposit (3) at the bottom of the pond.
MFT behaves as Non-Newtonian, Bingham fluid. Its main physical properties are characterized by its specific gravity, shear strength and viscosity. The least dense MFT is found closer to the water cap. The MFT specific gravity, shear strength and viscosity increase with depth.
A vertical section through a typical oilsands tailing pond is shown in Figure
3. An illustration of change of corresponding MFT density with depth is shown in Figure 4. The MFT shear strength and viscosity increase as a function of its density.
MFT needs to be removed from the tailings ponds for either one of the following reasons:
> Meeting environmental regulations aimed at reducing the production rate of MFT
and volume of MFT accumulated through the bitumen extraction process > Tailings ponds reclaim operations > MFT transfer operations as required to support bitumen production > Commercial processing of MFT for recovery of valuable ingredients Description Of Current Ad Currently the MFT removal operations are mostly based on utilizing:
a. Stationary submersible pumping technology, or b. Dredging technology Both technologies noted above utilize pumping device(s) placed at a predetermined depth inside the MFT deposit. The MFT is than removed by pumping and transported by hydro-transport installations.
The limitations of the Current Art are as follows:
a. Limitations utilizing stationary Submersible pumping technology Submersible pumps have been successfully used for removal of MFT of density up to approximately 1.35 t/m3. Higher density MFT is not practically pump-able utilizing unaided stationary submersible pumps because the physical properties of MFT at the pumping depth location, namely shear strength and viscosity, prevent fluid from entering the pump at a sufficient rate to avoid pump overheating and cavitation.
MFT needs to be removed from the tailings ponds for either one of the following reasons:
> Meeting environmental regulations aimed at reducing the production rate of MFT
and volume of MFT accumulated through the bitumen extraction process > Tailings ponds reclaim operations > MFT transfer operations as required to support bitumen production > Commercial processing of MFT for recovery of valuable ingredients Description Of Current Ad Currently the MFT removal operations are mostly based on utilizing:
a. Stationary submersible pumping technology, or b. Dredging technology Both technologies noted above utilize pumping device(s) placed at a predetermined depth inside the MFT deposit. The MFT is than removed by pumping and transported by hydro-transport installations.
The limitations of the Current Art are as follows:
a. Limitations utilizing stationary Submersible pumping technology Submersible pumps have been successfully used for removal of MFT of density up to approximately 1.35 t/m3. Higher density MFT is not practically pump-able utilizing unaided stationary submersible pumps because the physical properties of MFT at the pumping depth location, namely shear strength and viscosity, prevent fluid from entering the pump at a sufficient rate to avoid pump overheating and cavitation.
- 4 -In addition to this, the performance of submersible pumps is greatly compromised by pump suction plugging due to collection of various debris around the pump suction.
This debris is commonly found in MFT deposits.
b. Limitations utilizing Dredging technology Dredging technology can be utilized for removal of MFT with density higher than 1.35 t/m3, however it is not practical for use in year-round operations because of the following reasons:
= As shown in Figure 5, when pumping MFT of higher density, a more pronounced "cone" formation of lighter fluid fractions is formed around the pump suction point (4) due to physical properties of MFT. This cone formation allows penetration of smaller density MFT and water from the layers above to enter the pump therefore the required density of MFT is lost.
= In order to maintain the required density of MFT, the dredge needs to be frequently relocated to a new location, so MFT is gathered from a large area of the lake.
This dredge relocation requirement makes it impractical to maintain MFT removal operation year-round because the majority of pond surface is covered with ice during winter months.
This "cone" formation is present at pumping of MFT of any density and pumping capacity but its influence on maintaining required pumping density, when pumping MFT of density up to 1.35 t/m3, can be mitigated by adequate engineering of the pumping system. At lower densities this "cone" becomes shallower and eventually flattens out at water level.
Description Of The Invention As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the invention involves utilization of a hollow structure ("the structure") (5) which is fully enclosed around its perimeter and which has continuous solid walls up to the immersion depth "h". The structure is ideally but not necessarily of the
This debris is commonly found in MFT deposits.
b. Limitations utilizing Dredging technology Dredging technology can be utilized for removal of MFT with density higher than 1.35 t/m3, however it is not practical for use in year-round operations because of the following reasons:
= As shown in Figure 5, when pumping MFT of higher density, a more pronounced "cone" formation of lighter fluid fractions is formed around the pump suction point (4) due to physical properties of MFT. This cone formation allows penetration of smaller density MFT and water from the layers above to enter the pump therefore the required density of MFT is lost.
= In order to maintain the required density of MFT, the dredge needs to be frequently relocated to a new location, so MFT is gathered from a large area of the lake.
This dredge relocation requirement makes it impractical to maintain MFT removal operation year-round because the majority of pond surface is covered with ice during winter months.
This "cone" formation is present at pumping of MFT of any density and pumping capacity but its influence on maintaining required pumping density, when pumping MFT of density up to 1.35 t/m3, can be mitigated by adequate engineering of the pumping system. At lower densities this "cone" becomes shallower and eventually flattens out at water level.
Description Of The Invention As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, the invention involves utilization of a hollow structure ("the structure") (5) which is fully enclosed around its perimeter and which has continuous solid walls up to the immersion depth "h". The structure is ideally but not necessarily of the
- 5 -cylindrical form. The structure is placed at the surface of the tailing pond and is kept on the surface by utilizing either buoyancy devices (6), or rigid supports founded at the pond bottom.
The structure has continuous essentially vertical walls penetrating the MFT
layer to a predetermined immersion depth "h", and has cross section width "D". The dimensions "h"
and "D" as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 are determined as the function of the MFT
physical properties, the density range which is intended for collecting ("required density") and the required MFT collecting capacity ("required capacity").
The dimensions "h" and "D" are determined utilizing hydrostatic and hydrodynamic calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for a specific MFT
removal project.
The dimensions "h" and "D" are determined so to prevent MFT of lower-than-required density and water to enter the confines of the structure while allowing sufficient inflow of required-density MFT to sustain the needed removal capacity.
Once the structure is installed, water and MFT of lower-than-required density originally located within the structure is moved out of the structure. Once the water and MFT of lower-than-required density are removed from within the confines of the structure, hydrostatic pressure acting on MFT surrounding structure forces MFT of required density to enter the confines of the structure and fill the structure up to the level "h1" so that hydrostatic balance is established between fluid outside and fluid inside the structure.
This hydrostatic balance at point "A" of the structure as shown in Figure 6 is defined as:
t-, tlA
Formula 1
The structure has continuous essentially vertical walls penetrating the MFT
layer to a predetermined immersion depth "h", and has cross section width "D". The dimensions "h"
and "D" as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 are determined as the function of the MFT
physical properties, the density range which is intended for collecting ("required density") and the required MFT collecting capacity ("required capacity").
The dimensions "h" and "D" are determined utilizing hydrostatic and hydrodynamic calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods for a specific MFT
removal project.
The dimensions "h" and "D" are determined so to prevent MFT of lower-than-required density and water to enter the confines of the structure while allowing sufficient inflow of required-density MFT to sustain the needed removal capacity.
Once the structure is installed, water and MFT of lower-than-required density originally located within the structure is moved out of the structure. Once the water and MFT of lower-than-required density are removed from within the confines of the structure, hydrostatic pressure acting on MFT surrounding structure forces MFT of required density to enter the confines of the structure and fill the structure up to the level "h1" so that hydrostatic balance is established between fluid outside and fluid inside the structure.
This hydrostatic balance at point "A" of the structure as shown in Figure 6 is defined as:
t-, tlA
Formula 1
- 6 -where:
4 ; - density of fluid inside the structure s)c, - density of fluid outside the structure In summary, the step-by-step process of implementing this invention is as follows:
a. The structure (5) per Figure 6 of predetermined dimensions "D" and "h" is placed at the selected location in the tailing pond as per Figure 2.
b. Water and MFT of lower-then-required density is moved out of the structure, while MFT of the required density surrounding the structure simultaneously fills the structure under the action of hydrostatic pressure. The fill level "h1" as per the Figure 6 is determined so that the hydrostatic equilibrium per Formula 1 is maintained.
c. Once the operation of MFT removal from within the structure has started, the removed fluid is constantly being replaced by MFT of required density which is pushed into the structure by hydrostatic pressure so that the hydrostatic equilibrium per Formula 1 is maintained. This enables continuous removal operations of MFT.
As shown in Figure 7, the design of the structure walls can be done so the immersed depth "h" can be adjusted (9) to allow for change in MFT physical properties.
MFT is removed from inside the structure and transported away utilizing either a pump (7) (such as cutter-head dredge pump) as shown in Figure 8, a siphon (8) as shown in Figure 9; or other suitable mechanical device.
This system also enables removal of organic debris contained within the MFT, as now the debris is located at or near the fluid surface.
Placing deflector elements (10) as shown in Figure 7 can further prevent lighter fluid surrounding the structure from entering it.
4 ; - density of fluid inside the structure s)c, - density of fluid outside the structure In summary, the step-by-step process of implementing this invention is as follows:
a. The structure (5) per Figure 6 of predetermined dimensions "D" and "h" is placed at the selected location in the tailing pond as per Figure 2.
b. Water and MFT of lower-then-required density is moved out of the structure, while MFT of the required density surrounding the structure simultaneously fills the structure under the action of hydrostatic pressure. The fill level "h1" as per the Figure 6 is determined so that the hydrostatic equilibrium per Formula 1 is maintained.
c. Once the operation of MFT removal from within the structure has started, the removed fluid is constantly being replaced by MFT of required density which is pushed into the structure by hydrostatic pressure so that the hydrostatic equilibrium per Formula 1 is maintained. This enables continuous removal operations of MFT.
As shown in Figure 7, the design of the structure walls can be done so the immersed depth "h" can be adjusted (9) to allow for change in MFT physical properties.
MFT is removed from inside the structure and transported away utilizing either a pump (7) (such as cutter-head dredge pump) as shown in Figure 8, a siphon (8) as shown in Figure 9; or other suitable mechanical device.
This system also enables removal of organic debris contained within the MFT, as now the debris is located at or near the fluid surface.
Placing deflector elements (10) as shown in Figure 7 can further prevent lighter fluid surrounding the structure from entering it.
Claims (10)
1. Utilizing a hollow, essentially fully enclosed around its perimeter, and ideally of a cylindrical form structure (5), as shown in Figure 7, having continuous solid walls up to the immersion depth "h" and minimum cross section width "D", for the purpose of mature fine tailing (MFT) removal out of the oilsands tailings ponds.
2. Utilizing the structure per Claim 1 to gain direct access to MFT of required density by displacing the water and lower-than-required density MFT initially found within the confines of the structure, thus enabling the MFT of required density surrounding the structure to enter the confines of the structure under the action of hydrostatic pressure so that the hydrostatic equilibrium per Formula 1 is maintained.
3. Utilizing a continuous MFT removal method, by which the MFT from within the confines of the structure per Claim 1, is continuously removed from within the confines of the structure utilizing a pump (7) as per Figure 8;
4. Utilizing a continuous MFT removal method, by which the MFT from within the confines of the structure per Claim 1 is continuously removed from within the confines of the structure utilizing a siphon (8) as per Figure 9,
5. Utilizing a continuous MFT removal method, by which the MFT from within the confines of the structure per Claim 1 is continuously removed from within the confines of the structure utilizing mechanical means other than those noted in Claim 3 and Claim 4; including but not limited to use of augers, clam shells and shovels
6. Immersion depth "h" and the minimum cross section width "D" of the structure per Claim 1 are determined based on the required removal capacity and the physical properties of MFT, namely viscosity, shear strength and specific gravity, utilizing hydrostatic and hydrodynamics calculations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, to ensure that the MFT which is collected is of the required density.
7. As shown in Figure 7, adjustable sections (9) in perimeter wall of the structure per Claim 1 are used to adjust the immersion depth "h" in order to accommodate for change in physical properties of MFT over time.
8. Risk of lighter fluid migration to within the structure per Claim 1 is mitigated by placement of deflector plates (10), which are attached to the structure walls outside the structure perimeter as shown in Figure 7.
9. The structure per Claim 1 is kept afloat by a buoyancy element (6) as shown in Figure 7.
10. The structure per Claim 1 is kept in position by support elements founded at the bottom of the pond.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2812202A CA2812202C (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Method and system for removing mature fine tailings of a desired density from a tailings pond |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2812202A CA2812202C (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Method and system for removing mature fine tailings of a desired density from a tailings pond |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2812202A1 true CA2812202A1 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
| CA2812202C CA2812202C (en) | 2016-02-16 |
Family
ID=50112492
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2812202A Active CA2812202C (en) | 2013-04-02 | 2013-04-02 | Method and system for removing mature fine tailings of a desired density from a tailings pond |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2812202C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9127427B1 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-09-08 | Technika Engineering Ltd. | Recovering mature fine tailings from oil sands tailings ponds |
-
2013
- 2013-04-02 CA CA2812202A patent/CA2812202C/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9127427B1 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2015-09-08 | Technika Engineering Ltd. | Recovering mature fine tailings from oil sands tailings ponds |
| US9782700B2 (en) | 2015-02-09 | 2017-10-10 | Technika Engineering Ltd. | Recovering mature fine tailings from oil sands tailings ponds |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2812202C (en) | 2016-02-16 |
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