CA2810268A1 - Wide input voltage range switching buck converter - Google Patents
Wide input voltage range switching buck converter Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2810268A1 CA2810268A1 CA2810268A CA2810268A CA2810268A1 CA 2810268 A1 CA2810268 A1 CA 2810268A1 CA 2810268 A CA2810268 A CA 2810268A CA 2810268 A CA2810268 A CA 2810268A CA 2810268 A1 CA2810268 A1 CA 2810268A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- voltage
- output
- fet
- regulator
- power supply
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0003—Details of control, feedback or regulation circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
- H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) switching power supply of the buck regulator type converts a DC input voltage into a regulated stepped down DC output voltage. The power supply includes a PWM switching regulator which controls the duty cycle of an N-channel field effect transistor (FET) power switch which is connected to a Schottky flyback diode. The flyback diode is connected via inductance L to output capacitor which stores the stepped down output voltage. The PWM regulator includes a 555 timer operating in conjunction with an RC timing network in a modulated astable mode. Timer 555 has an output electrically connected to the gate of the FET for switching the FET
on/off in response to an output voltage modulating feedback input from a feedback path. The feedback path includes a zener diode voltage reference and an opto coupler to regulate the pulse width of the 555 timer. When the FET is conductive, current flows through the LC output network charging the capacitor and generating the stepped down DC output voltage. When the FET is non-conductive, the current loop closes through the flyback diode.
on/off in response to an output voltage modulating feedback input from a feedback path. The feedback path includes a zener diode voltage reference and an opto coupler to regulate the pulse width of the 555 timer. When the FET is conductive, current flows through the LC output network charging the capacitor and generating the stepped down DC output voltage. When the FET is non-conductive, the current loop closes through the flyback diode.
Description
22 DESCRIPTION:
26 The present invention relates generally to switching power supplies and more particularly to Switching 27 buck converter which accommodates wide input voltage range.
31 A switching power supply is used to convert an unregulated direct current DC input into a regulated DC
32 output. Modern power supplies of this type may include a power switch (transistor), a diode clamp, a 1 filter and a regulator. The regulator may include an oscillator and a duty cycle controller and is used to 2 control the power switch. The regulator typically is connected to the filter via a feedback path which helps 3 keep the output DC voltage at a constant value regardless of variations in the load by sampling the voltage 4 output and feeding the sampled voltage back into the regulator for duty cycle control. The duty cycle of the switching transistor determines the average DC voltage output with the duty cycle being proportional 6 to the ratio of the output DC voltage to the input DC voltage. Switching is usually done at a constant 7 frequency just above the audible range, although some regulators use a variable frequency with changing 8 line and load. With some switching regulators, it is possible to change the switching frequency with an 9 external capacitor. Higher frequencies in general are less efficient since transistor switching losses and ferrite-core losses increase. On the other hand, lower switching frequencies in the audible range may 11 cause some components to "sing" and/or produce interference in certain external circuits powered by the 12 regulator. A fast-recovery rectifier, or a Schottky barrier flyback diode, is usually used as a free-wheeling 13 diode clamp to keep the switching transistor load line within safe operating parameters and to increase 14 overall efficiency. The power switching transistor needs to have a breakdown voltage rating greater than the input voltage, since at start-up the transistor sees the entire DC input voltage.
17 Switching power supplies can provide regulated outputs that are greater or smaller than the input, as 18 desired. When the output voltage is greater than the input voltage, the power supply also referred to as a 19 DC-DC converter is called a step-up (or boost) converter. Alternatively, a step-down (or buck) converter has an input voltage greater than its output voltage. The conversion in this case may be from a high-21 voltage unregulated input to a low-voltage regulated output.
23 Switching regulators can also be classified as to how they control the DC output voltage. Two 24 conventional approaches are pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM).
Both approaches control the output voltage by varying the duty cycle. The PWM
regulator operates by 26 chopping the DC input voltage into pulses whose amplitude is the magnitude of the input voltage and 27 whose duty cycle is controlled by a control circuit in the regulator in response to a sampled output voltage 28 feedback.
Because of constrains of the conventional designs, the input voltage range of a typical power supply 31 ranges is limited to a narrow range. Our invention allows the power supply to work from much wider 32 range of input volts. Therefore a universal power supply covering for example input range of 24V up to 33 600V becomes feasible.
4 A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) switching power supply of the buck regulator type converts a DC input voltage into a regulated stepped down DC output voltage. The power supply includes a PWM switching 6 regulator, N-channel field effect transistor a 555 timer operating in conjunction with an RC timing 7 network in a modulated a stable mode. When the FET is conductive, current flows through the LC output 8 filter charging the capacitor and generating the stepped down DC output voltage. When the FET is non-9 conductive, the current loop closes through the flyback diode.
13 A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) switching power supply of the buck regulator type converts a wide 14 range DC input voltage into a regulated stepped down DC output voltage.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the switching power supply 16 FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a PWM switching power supply of the buck converter type in 17 accordance with the present invention
26 The present invention relates generally to switching power supplies and more particularly to Switching 27 buck converter which accommodates wide input voltage range.
31 A switching power supply is used to convert an unregulated direct current DC input into a regulated DC
32 output. Modern power supplies of this type may include a power switch (transistor), a diode clamp, a 1 filter and a regulator. The regulator may include an oscillator and a duty cycle controller and is used to 2 control the power switch. The regulator typically is connected to the filter via a feedback path which helps 3 keep the output DC voltage at a constant value regardless of variations in the load by sampling the voltage 4 output and feeding the sampled voltage back into the regulator for duty cycle control. The duty cycle of the switching transistor determines the average DC voltage output with the duty cycle being proportional 6 to the ratio of the output DC voltage to the input DC voltage. Switching is usually done at a constant 7 frequency just above the audible range, although some regulators use a variable frequency with changing 8 line and load. With some switching regulators, it is possible to change the switching frequency with an 9 external capacitor. Higher frequencies in general are less efficient since transistor switching losses and ferrite-core losses increase. On the other hand, lower switching frequencies in the audible range may 11 cause some components to "sing" and/or produce interference in certain external circuits powered by the 12 regulator. A fast-recovery rectifier, or a Schottky barrier flyback diode, is usually used as a free-wheeling 13 diode clamp to keep the switching transistor load line within safe operating parameters and to increase 14 overall efficiency. The power switching transistor needs to have a breakdown voltage rating greater than the input voltage, since at start-up the transistor sees the entire DC input voltage.
17 Switching power supplies can provide regulated outputs that are greater or smaller than the input, as 18 desired. When the output voltage is greater than the input voltage, the power supply also referred to as a 19 DC-DC converter is called a step-up (or boost) converter. Alternatively, a step-down (or buck) converter has an input voltage greater than its output voltage. The conversion in this case may be from a high-21 voltage unregulated input to a low-voltage regulated output.
23 Switching regulators can also be classified as to how they control the DC output voltage. Two 24 conventional approaches are pulse width modulation (PWM) and pulse frequency modulation (PFM).
Both approaches control the output voltage by varying the duty cycle. The PWM
regulator operates by 26 chopping the DC input voltage into pulses whose amplitude is the magnitude of the input voltage and 27 whose duty cycle is controlled by a control circuit in the regulator in response to a sampled output voltage 28 feedback.
Because of constrains of the conventional designs, the input voltage range of a typical power supply 31 ranges is limited to a narrow range. Our invention allows the power supply to work from much wider 32 range of input volts. Therefore a universal power supply covering for example input range of 24V up to 33 600V becomes feasible.
4 A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) switching power supply of the buck regulator type converts a DC input voltage into a regulated stepped down DC output voltage. The power supply includes a PWM switching 6 regulator, N-channel field effect transistor a 555 timer operating in conjunction with an RC timing 7 network in a modulated a stable mode. When the FET is conductive, current flows through the LC output 8 filter charging the capacitor and generating the stepped down DC output voltage. When the FET is non-9 conductive, the current loop closes through the flyback diode.
13 A Pulse Width Modulated (PWM) switching power supply of the buck regulator type converts a wide 14 range DC input voltage into a regulated stepped down DC output voltage.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the switching power supply 16 FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of a PWM switching power supply of the buck converter type in 17 accordance with the present invention
Claims (6)
1. A switching power supply for converting a DC input voltage into a regulated DC output voltage, said switching power supply (see Fig.1 and Fig.2 ), comprising:
(a) an internal power supply for monostable timer comprising of a starting supply (R1, D1, ZD1, C2) and a running supply circuit ( D2, R3, ZD1, C2).
(b) a power switch (Q1) having a conductive state and a non-conductive state;
(c) a feedback circuit coupled to said power switch for driving said power switch at a pre-selected duty cycle to convert the DC input voltage signal into a pulsed DC voltage.
The feedback path includes a zener diode voltage reference (ZD2) and an opto coupler (OC1) to regulate the pulse width of the said monostable timer (U1).
(d) an output capacitor (C5) for receiving said pulsed DC voltage.
(e) a diode clamp (D3) operatively coupled between said power switch and said output capacitor (C5) for closing the current loop on said output network when said power switch (Q1) is in said non-conductive state; and (f) a sampling circuit comprising of zener diode (ZD2) voltage reference and an opto coupler (OC1) diode feeding said sampled DC output voltage signal back to said regulator (U1) to regulate said DC output voltage.
(a) an internal power supply for monostable timer comprising of a starting supply (R1, D1, ZD1, C2) and a running supply circuit ( D2, R3, ZD1, C2).
(b) a power switch (Q1) having a conductive state and a non-conductive state;
(c) a feedback circuit coupled to said power switch for driving said power switch at a pre-selected duty cycle to convert the DC input voltage signal into a pulsed DC voltage.
The feedback path includes a zener diode voltage reference (ZD2) and an opto coupler (OC1) to regulate the pulse width of the said monostable timer (U1).
(d) an output capacitor (C5) for receiving said pulsed DC voltage.
(e) a diode clamp (D3) operatively coupled between said power switch and said output capacitor (C5) for closing the current loop on said output network when said power switch (Q1) is in said non-conductive state; and (f) a sampling circuit comprising of zener diode (ZD2) voltage reference and an opto coupler (OC1) diode feeding said sampled DC output voltage signal back to said regulator (U1) to regulate said DC output voltage.
2. The switching power supply of claim 1, wherein said power switch (Q1) comprises an N-channel field effect transistor (FET/MOSFET) having a source which serves as the ground of said regulator, a drain coupled to said inductor (L I) and output capacitor (C5) and a gate coupled to said regulator, said regulator controlling the gate voltage of said FET.
3. The switching power supply of claim 1, wherein said diode clamp (D3) comprises a Schottky flyback diode connected in parallel with said inductor and output capacitor, said flyback diode having an anode and a cathode coupled between said source of said FET and said inductor of said output capacitor to define a fly back diode-switch-inductor network.
4. The switching power supply of claim 1, wherein said regulator comprises an a stable circuit (U1) having an output lead coupled to said gate of said FET (Q1) and applying pulsing voltage to said gate for transforming said input DC voltage to said drain of said FET
into said pulsed DC
voltage in accordance with said pre-selected duty cycle, said regulator functioning as a pulse width modulation (PWM) regulator.
into said pulsed DC
voltage in accordance with said pre-selected duty cycle, said regulator functioning as a pulse width modulation (PWM) regulator.
5. The switching power supply of claim 1, wherein said a stable circuit of said PWM regulator (U1) comprises a 555 type timer, a resistor-capacitor RC network (R2, C4) and a transistor of the said opto coupler, said 555 timer electrically coupled to said RC network and having threshold and trigger pins tied together and an output pin electrically coupled to said output lead of said a stable circuit, said 555 timer floating with said FET during operation.
6. The switching power supply of claim 5, wherein said RC network comprises a timing capacitor (C4) connected in series with a series resistor (R2), said timing capacitor connected in parallel with said opto coupler transistor (OC1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2810268A CA2810268A1 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Wide input voltage range switching buck converter |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2810268A CA2810268A1 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Wide input voltage range switching buck converter |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2810268A1 true CA2810268A1 (en) | 2014-09-18 |
Family
ID=51862766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2810268A Abandoned CA2810268A1 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2013-03-18 | Wide input voltage range switching buck converter |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2810268A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173702A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-10-11 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Portable experimental device with buck, boost and buck-boost chopper circuits |
-
2013
- 2013-03-18 CA CA2810268A patent/CA2810268A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115173702A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2022-10-11 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Portable experimental device with buck, boost and buck-boost chopper circuits |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |
Effective date: 20150318 |