CA2799954A1 - Method of making cut and bite resistant stiff twine for nettings for aquaculture cages - Google Patents
Method of making cut and bite resistant stiff twine for nettings for aquaculture cages Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2799954A1 CA2799954A1 CA2799954A CA2799954A CA2799954A1 CA 2799954 A1 CA2799954 A1 CA 2799954A1 CA 2799954 A CA2799954 A CA 2799954A CA 2799954 A CA2799954 A CA 2799954A CA 2799954 A1 CA2799954 A1 CA 2799954A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- fiber
- twine
- hot melt
- melt adhesive
- synthetic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XPVIQPQOGTVMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-acetamidophenyl)arsenic Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C([As])C=C1 XPVIQPQOGTVMSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002748 Basalt fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920013640 amorphous poly alpha olefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- 244000062645 predators Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 241000251730 Chondrichthyes Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000282320 Panthera leo Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 230000009975 flexible effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000785 ultra high molecular weight polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WJXQFVMTIGJBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methoxytyramine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CCN)C=C1O WJXQFVMTIGJBFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000283203 Otariidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001417518 Rachycentridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000276707 Tilapia Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007757 hot melt coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012943 hotmelt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000025508 response to water Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K75/00—Accessories for fishing nets; Details of fishing nets, e.g. structure
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/60—Floating cultivation devices, e.g. rafts or floating fish-farms
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
Abstract
A method of making twine, which is stiff in nature, the method achieved by a blend of synthetic fiber(s), metal wire(s) and stiffening cum waxy material like hot melt adhesive;
the said twine being difficult for a predator like shark, sea lion etc., to bite and cut, thus protecting the aquaculture cage bag and the fish inside it.
the said twine being difficult for a predator like shark, sea lion etc., to bite and cut, thus protecting the aquaculture cage bag and the fish inside it.
Description
Method of Making Cut and Bite Resistant Stiff Twine for Nettings for Aquaculture Cages DESCRIPTION:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a concept of twine and netting and more particularly to twine and netting, which is stiff in nature; the stiffness achieved by a blend of synthetic fiber(s), metal wire(s) and stiffening cum waxy material like hot melt adhesive. The netting is difficult for a predator like shark, sea lion etc., to bite and cut, thus protecting the aquaculture cage bag and the fish inside it. The stiff material also prevents the predators from pushing in the net towards the cage bag where the fish grow.
The hot melt coating also forms a layer over the metal wire prolonging the process of corrosion. The netting is also useful for other applications where stiff netting is needed or can be used directly as an aquaculture cage bag.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fish are grown from fingerlings to large fishes in synthetic net cage bags by periodically feeding them. These are then used for consumption purposes. Some of the species grown in such a manner are Salmon, Cobia, Tilapia, etc. The fish in the aquaculture cage bags are also an easy prey for the predator fish in the ocean like sharks and sea lions.
They cut and / or bite the cage bags to eat the fish.
There have been efforts earlier to produce netting with very high strength which can serve the purpose of a boundary wall encompassing the cages in the fish farm.
However, the high strength nettings have not proven much successful as the predators can still cut and/or bite in to them due to their sharp teeth.
Efforts are also made to have netting with metal wire along with synthetic fiber(s) in twisted, braided or other forms. However, though they are effective to some extent, these are very soft and the predators can easily push them through.
One such net system is developed by M/s. Net Systems and M/s. DSM Dyneema under the brand Predator - X. Predator-X is a hybrid of Dyneemag high-strength polyethylene fiber(s) and stainless steel wire. This lightweight, flexible, high-strength barrier is based on NET Systems' existing Ultra Cross Knotless Netting platform. However, this net is too soft and flexible. Also the net is costly using HMPE fiber and the uniqueness of its construction.
Another such system is disclosed in United States Patent No. 5967086 titled Aquaculture method and apparatus. This Patent discloses an aquaculture system including an upper support for disposition at the surface of a water body of an aquaculture farm;
a cage having a side wall portion and a bottom wall portion, the side wall portion having an upper edge secured to the upper support so as to project below the surface of the water body and the side wall portion being formed out of vertically contractible, non-buoyant mesh; and a lower support disposed between a bottom edge of the side wall portion and an outer edge of the bottom wall portion. The said Patent further discloses a feature - the cage has substantial planar rigidity so as to resist horizontal deformation in response to water creature impact and water currents ¨ which prevents penetration of the cage by predators or deformation of the cage which could cause crowding of retained fish.' However, this system is too rigid and also difficult to remove for cleaning of algae. It also damages the fish floating in the sea including the sharks which are a protected species.
There have also been efforts to make thick rigid member nettings of polymers such as PET to avoid predator attacks. However, this system is also too rigid.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to a concept of twine and netting and more particularly to twine and netting, which is stiff in nature; the stiffness achieved by a blend of synthetic fiber(s), metal wire(s) and stiffening cum waxy material like hot melt adhesive. The netting is difficult for a predator like shark, sea lion etc., to bite and cut, thus protecting the aquaculture cage bag and the fish inside it. The stiff material also prevents the predators from pushing in the net towards the cage bag where the fish grow.
The hot melt coating also forms a layer over the metal wire prolonging the process of corrosion. The netting is also useful for other applications where stiff netting is needed or can be used directly as an aquaculture cage bag.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fish are grown from fingerlings to large fishes in synthetic net cage bags by periodically feeding them. These are then used for consumption purposes. Some of the species grown in such a manner are Salmon, Cobia, Tilapia, etc. The fish in the aquaculture cage bags are also an easy prey for the predator fish in the ocean like sharks and sea lions.
They cut and / or bite the cage bags to eat the fish.
There have been efforts earlier to produce netting with very high strength which can serve the purpose of a boundary wall encompassing the cages in the fish farm.
However, the high strength nettings have not proven much successful as the predators can still cut and/or bite in to them due to their sharp teeth.
Efforts are also made to have netting with metal wire along with synthetic fiber(s) in twisted, braided or other forms. However, though they are effective to some extent, these are very soft and the predators can easily push them through.
One such net system is developed by M/s. Net Systems and M/s. DSM Dyneema under the brand Predator - X. Predator-X is a hybrid of Dyneemag high-strength polyethylene fiber(s) and stainless steel wire. This lightweight, flexible, high-strength barrier is based on NET Systems' existing Ultra Cross Knotless Netting platform. However, this net is too soft and flexible. Also the net is costly using HMPE fiber and the uniqueness of its construction.
Another such system is disclosed in United States Patent No. 5967086 titled Aquaculture method and apparatus. This Patent discloses an aquaculture system including an upper support for disposition at the surface of a water body of an aquaculture farm;
a cage having a side wall portion and a bottom wall portion, the side wall portion having an upper edge secured to the upper support so as to project below the surface of the water body and the side wall portion being formed out of vertically contractible, non-buoyant mesh; and a lower support disposed between a bottom edge of the side wall portion and an outer edge of the bottom wall portion. The said Patent further discloses a feature - the cage has substantial planar rigidity so as to resist horizontal deformation in response to water creature impact and water currents ¨ which prevents penetration of the cage by predators or deformation of the cage which could cause crowding of retained fish.' However, this system is too rigid and also difficult to remove for cleaning of algae. It also damages the fish floating in the sea including the sharks which are a protected species.
There have also been efforts to make thick rigid member nettings of polymers such as PET to avoid predator attacks. However, this system is also too rigid.
2 In another type of fishing, nettings with hot melt adhesive core without metal wire(s) are used in trawling application as a cod end. The purpose there is to have a less amount of mesh opening to restrict fishes caught in the cod end from slipping away.
Therefore, there exists a long term requirement to have flexible netting with stiff members, which could prevent predators to cut / bite into the net.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The aspects and features of the invention can be better understood with reference to the drawing. The drawing is not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of the twine in accordance with the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to overcome the limitations stated in the above cited prior arts. The present invention relates to synergetic usage of cut resistance of metal wire(s), stiffening property of hot melt adhesives and smooth surface and flexible property of synthetic fiber(s).
The present invention relates to manufacturing a twine and netting for predator protection net using the method disclosed herein.
In accordance with the present invention, hot melt adhesive is molten and coated onto a polyolefin or a Polyamide or a Polyester fiber or a Aramid fiber or a Basalt fiber or a LCP fiber or like ("synthetic fiber(s)"). This is done by passing the synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing it to solidify by cooling at room
Therefore, there exists a long term requirement to have flexible netting with stiff members, which could prevent predators to cut / bite into the net.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
The aspects and features of the invention can be better understood with reference to the drawing. The drawing is not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.
Figure 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of the structure of the twine in accordance with the present invention;
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention seeks to overcome the limitations stated in the above cited prior arts. The present invention relates to synergetic usage of cut resistance of metal wire(s), stiffening property of hot melt adhesives and smooth surface and flexible property of synthetic fiber(s).
The present invention relates to manufacturing a twine and netting for predator protection net using the method disclosed herein.
In accordance with the present invention, hot melt adhesive is molten and coated onto a polyolefin or a Polyamide or a Polyester fiber or a Aramid fiber or a Basalt fiber or a LCP fiber or like ("synthetic fiber(s)"). This is done by passing the synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing it to solidify by cooling at room
3 temperature. In accordance with the present invention, adhesive such as a hotmelt adhesive used in packaging and sealing which is either singular or a combination of two or more of materials like EVA, PU, metallocene catalyzed polymers, APAO, polyamide and block copolymers is used. In accordance with the preferred embodiment of the present invention, Technomelt0 is used as an adhesive.
In a further aspect of the present invention, such hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) 101 is twisted together with metal wire(s) and second set of synthetic fiber(s) 105 to form a twisted twine 110 and then knotted netting may be made from it. In accordance with the present invention, synthetic fiber(s) such as Polyethylene filament is used.
Further, in accordance with the present invention, metal wire (s) having diameters in the range of 0.05 to 0.75 mm are used. Depending on end user requirement various grades of metal wires can be used e.g. SS 304L or SS 316 or tin coated copper wire or a combination of these. However, it is to be noted that depending upon the strength required in the twisted twine, metal wires of varied diameters can be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the twisted twine 110 comprising of the synthetic fiber(s), metal wire(s) 105 and hotmelt coated adhesive synthetic fiber(s) 101 are passed through a core of a braided twine 115 and cover is made of a synthetic fiber. This helps to avoid the metal wires coming out on the surface preventing damage to the fish and humans handling the cage.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the synthetic fiber(s) and metal wire(s) 105 are twisted together first and then passed into core of braided twine 115 along with the hot melt adhesive coated fiber(s) 101. The cover is made of synthetic fiber(s).
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the cover also has metal wire(s) 105 and!
or hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) 101. This can be used where it is important that the predator fish feel the metal wire and run away immediately.
In a further aspect of the present invention, such hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) 101 is twisted together with metal wire(s) and second set of synthetic fiber(s) 105 to form a twisted twine 110 and then knotted netting may be made from it. In accordance with the present invention, synthetic fiber(s) such as Polyethylene filament is used.
Further, in accordance with the present invention, metal wire (s) having diameters in the range of 0.05 to 0.75 mm are used. Depending on end user requirement various grades of metal wires can be used e.g. SS 304L or SS 316 or tin coated copper wire or a combination of these. However, it is to be noted that depending upon the strength required in the twisted twine, metal wires of varied diameters can be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the twisted twine 110 comprising of the synthetic fiber(s), metal wire(s) 105 and hotmelt coated adhesive synthetic fiber(s) 101 are passed through a core of a braided twine 115 and cover is made of a synthetic fiber. This helps to avoid the metal wires coming out on the surface preventing damage to the fish and humans handling the cage.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the synthetic fiber(s) and metal wire(s) 105 are twisted together first and then passed into core of braided twine 115 along with the hot melt adhesive coated fiber(s) 101. The cover is made of synthetic fiber(s).
In yet another aspect of the present invention, the cover also has metal wire(s) 105 and!
or hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) 101. This can be used where it is important that the predator fish feel the metal wire and run away immediately.
4 In an aspect of the present invention, wax e.g. paraffin wax can be used instead of hot melt adhesive.
Experimental data:
Experiment 1 - A twine was made with only polyolefin fibers and another with metal wires and hot melt adhesive coated fibers. It was found that the twine with metal wires and hot melt adhesive coated fibers was very difficult to cut.
Experiment 2 ¨ Netting was made from twine with and without hot melt adhesive coated fibers in the core. Both of these were clamped at one end and bent from another end. 5 kg. weight was placed on the bent end for 10 minutes. After removal of the weight it was observed that the net which did not have hot melt adhesive coated fibers in the core straightened faster than the one with hot melt adhesive coated fibers.
Experimental data:
Experiment 1 - A twine was made with only polyolefin fibers and another with metal wires and hot melt adhesive coated fibers. It was found that the twine with metal wires and hot melt adhesive coated fibers was very difficult to cut.
Experiment 2 ¨ Netting was made from twine with and without hot melt adhesive coated fibers in the core. Both of these were clamped at one end and bent from another end. 5 kg. weight was placed on the bent end for 10 minutes. After removal of the weight it was observed that the net which did not have hot melt adhesive coated fibers in the core straightened faster than the one with hot melt adhesive coated fibers.
Claims (9)
We claim:
1 A Method of making a twine, the method comprising:
taking hot melt adhesive in molten form;
taking synthetic fiber;
passing the synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing the synthetic fibers to solidify by cooling at room temperature;
taking another set of synthetic fibers;
taking metal wire(s);
twisting the metal wire(s), the another set of synthetic fiber(s), and the hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) together to form a twisted twine
taking hot melt adhesive in molten form;
taking synthetic fiber;
passing the synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing the synthetic fibers to solidify by cooling at room temperature;
taking another set of synthetic fibers;
taking metal wire(s);
twisting the metal wire(s), the another set of synthetic fiber(s), and the hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s) together to form a twisted twine
2 A Method as claimed in Claim 1, the method further comprising, passing the twisted twine through a core of a braided twine thus forming a synthetic cover.
3 A Method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein hot melt adhesive is either singular or a combination of two or more of materials like EVA, PU, metallocene catalyzed polymers, APAO, polyamide and block copolymers.
4 A Method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein metal wire can be of any metal or alloy like a stainless steel wire or a copper wire or a tin coated copper wire or a zinc wire or galvanized steel wire or like.
A Method as claimed in Claim 1, wherein metal wire(s) have diameter in the range of 0.05 to 0.75mm.
6 A Method as claimed in Claim 1, where in synthetic fiber can be a polyolefin fiber or a polyamide fiber or a polyester fiber or aramid fiber or Basalt fiber or LCP
fiber or like.
fiber or like.
7 A Method of making a twine, the method comprising:
taking metal wire (s);
taking one set of synthetic fiber(s);
twisting the one set of synthetic fiber (s) and the metal wire (s);
taking hot melt adhesive in molten form;
passing a another set of synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing the another set of synthetic fibers to solidify by cooling at room temperature;
passing the twisted synthetic fiber and metal wire into core of braided twine along with hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s).
taking metal wire (s);
taking one set of synthetic fiber(s);
twisting the one set of synthetic fiber (s) and the metal wire (s);
taking hot melt adhesive in molten form;
passing a another set of synthetic fibers through a trough of molten adhesive and allowing the another set of synthetic fibers to solidify by cooling at room temperature;
passing the twisted synthetic fiber and metal wire into core of braided twine along with hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fiber(s).
8 A Method as claimed in Claim 2 or 7, wherein the braided twine comprises of metal wires and / or hot melt adhesive coated synthetic fibers.
9 A Method as claimed in claim 1 and 7, wherein paraffin wax can be used instead of hot melt adhesive.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IN1735MU2012 | 2012-06-15 | ||
| IN1735/MUM/2012 | 2012-06-15 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2799954A1 true CA2799954A1 (en) | 2013-12-15 |
| CA2799954C CA2799954C (en) | 2021-04-06 |
Family
ID=49769774
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2799954A Active CA2799954C (en) | 2012-06-15 | 2012-12-27 | Method of making cut and bite resistant stiff twine for nettings for aquaculture cages |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2799954C (en) |
| CL (1) | CL2013001066A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11832596B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-12-05 | Avient Protective Materials B.V. | Net for aquaculture |
-
2012
- 2012-12-27 CA CA2799954A patent/CA2799954C/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-04-18 CL CL2013001066A patent/CL2013001066A1/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11832596B2 (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2023-12-05 | Avient Protective Materials B.V. | Net for aquaculture |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CL2013001066A1 (en) | 2014-01-10 |
| CA2799954C (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request |
Effective date: 20171220 |