CA2757553C - Aircraft wing extension and nozzle system - Google Patents
Aircraft wing extension and nozzle system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2757553C CA2757553C CA 2757553 CA2757553A CA2757553C CA 2757553 C CA2757553 C CA 2757553C CA 2757553 CA2757553 CA 2757553 CA 2757553 A CA2757553 A CA 2757553A CA 2757553 C CA2757553 C CA 2757553C
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- wing extension
- nozzle
- lift
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 19
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9,10-anthraquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 RZVHIXYEVGDQDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000026058 directional locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C3/00—Wings
- B64C3/38—Adjustment of complete wings or parts thereof
- B64C3/54—Varying in area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C15/00—Attitude, flight direction, or altitude control by jet reaction
- B64C15/02—Attitude, flight direction, or altitude control by jet reaction the jets being propulsion jets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/22—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft
- B64C27/26—Compound rotorcraft, i.e. aircraft using in flight the features of both aeroplane and rotorcraft characterised by provision of fixed wings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/82—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto characterised by the provision of an auxiliary rotor or fluid-jet device for counter-balancing lifting rotor torque or changing direction of rotorcraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C27/00—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
- B64C27/82—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto characterised by the provision of an auxiliary rotor or fluid-jet device for counter-balancing lifting rotor torque or changing direction of rotorcraft
- B64C2027/8245—Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto characterised by the provision of an auxiliary rotor or fluid-jet device for counter-balancing lifting rotor torque or changing direction of rotorcraft using air jets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Turbines (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
Abstract
A system and method to control flight of an aircraft. The aircraft having an engine with a rotatably nozzle assembly configured to create forward propulsion and yaw control of the aircraft. The engine exhaust passing through the nozzle is redirected with a valve disposed within the nozzle. Lift is created with a lift system carried by the wing of the aircraft. Additional lift is created during flight with a retractable wing extension disposed within the fixed wing of the aircraft.
Description
AIRCRAFT WING EXTENSION AND NOZZLE SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present application relates generally to an aircraft, and more particularly, to aircraft having a wing extension in combination with a directional nozzle system.
RELATED ART
Conventional rotary aircrafts typically include a main rotor for providing vertical lift and horizontal flight. A torque is created as the main rotor rotates during flight, which is canceled with an anti-rotational device. A tail rotor is an effective means for canceling the torque created; however, the tail rotors fail to provide propulsive force to the rotary aircraft. Further, conventional rotary aircraft have a limited payload capacity due to relatively small, if any, wings for providing lift during flight.
Although the developments in helicopters systems and method have produced significant improvements, considerable shortcomings remain.
SUMMARY
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an aircraft, comprising: an engine exhaust duct; a nozzle assembly rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the nozzle assembly having a first nozzle and a second nozzle in gaseous communication with the engine exhaust duct, the first nozzle being configured to redirect engine exhaust gas in a different direction relative to redirected gas from the second nozzle; a rotatable valve disposed within the nozzle assembly, the valve being configured to rotate concentrically to the engine exhaust duct, the rotatable valve having: a scoop portion in gaseous communication the engine exhaust duct, the scope portion being configured to redirect all engine exhaust gases leaving the engine exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle; wherein the scoop is selectively contoured to reduce turbulent flow as the exhaust gas is channeled from the exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle; a wing extension carried within a wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend from the wing in an extended position and retract within the wing while in a retracted position.
Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an aircraft, comprising: an engine in gaseous communication with a nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly having a plurality of nozzles for redirecting gas from the engine, the engine and nozzle assembly being configured to provide forward flight and yaw-rotational flight; a rotating valve disposed within nozzle assembly, the rotating valve being configured to redirect the gas from the engine through one of the plurality of nozzles; a lift system configured to create lift; and a wing extension carried within a wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend outside the wing in an extended position, and retract within the wing during a retracted position.
Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method to control flight of an aircraft, comprising: creating forward propulsion and yaw movement with a rotatable nozzle assembly in gaseous communication with an aircraft engine; creating lift with a lift system carried by a wing of the aircraft; and creating additional lift during flight with a retractable wing extension being disposed within the wing of the aircraft.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood with reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rotorcraft having a propulsive anti-torque system according to the preferred embodiment of the present application;
Figure 2 is a partial cut-away side view of the rotorcraft of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a selected portion of the rotorcraft of Figure 1;
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present application relates generally to an aircraft, and more particularly, to aircraft having a wing extension in combination with a directional nozzle system.
RELATED ART
Conventional rotary aircrafts typically include a main rotor for providing vertical lift and horizontal flight. A torque is created as the main rotor rotates during flight, which is canceled with an anti-rotational device. A tail rotor is an effective means for canceling the torque created; however, the tail rotors fail to provide propulsive force to the rotary aircraft. Further, conventional rotary aircraft have a limited payload capacity due to relatively small, if any, wings for providing lift during flight.
Although the developments in helicopters systems and method have produced significant improvements, considerable shortcomings remain.
SUMMARY
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided an aircraft, comprising: an engine exhaust duct; a nozzle assembly rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the nozzle assembly having a first nozzle and a second nozzle in gaseous communication with the engine exhaust duct, the first nozzle being configured to redirect engine exhaust gas in a different direction relative to redirected gas from the second nozzle; a rotatable valve disposed within the nozzle assembly, the valve being configured to rotate concentrically to the engine exhaust duct, the rotatable valve having: a scoop portion in gaseous communication the engine exhaust duct, the scope portion being configured to redirect all engine exhaust gases leaving the engine exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle; wherein the scoop is selectively contoured to reduce turbulent flow as the exhaust gas is channeled from the exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle; a wing extension carried within a wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend from the wing in an extended position and retract within the wing while in a retracted position.
Also in accordance with the present invention, there is provided an aircraft, comprising: an engine in gaseous communication with a nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly having a plurality of nozzles for redirecting gas from the engine, the engine and nozzle assembly being configured to provide forward flight and yaw-rotational flight; a rotating valve disposed within nozzle assembly, the rotating valve being configured to redirect the gas from the engine through one of the plurality of nozzles; a lift system configured to create lift; and a wing extension carried within a wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend outside the wing in an extended position, and retract within the wing during a retracted position.
Further in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a method to control flight of an aircraft, comprising: creating forward propulsion and yaw movement with a rotatable nozzle assembly in gaseous communication with an aircraft engine; creating lift with a lift system carried by a wing of the aircraft; and creating additional lift during flight with a retractable wing extension being disposed within the wing of the aircraft.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention itself, as well as a preferred mode of use, and further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood with reference to the following detailed description when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Figure 1 is a perspective view of a rotorcraft having a propulsive anti-torque system according to the preferred embodiment of the present application;
Figure 2 is a partial cut-away side view of the rotorcraft of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a schematic view of a selected portion of the rotorcraft of Figure 1;
Figure 4 is a perspective view of the propulsive anti-torque system according the preferred embodiment of the present application;
Figure 5 is a side view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a top view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 7 is an additional side view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 8 is a perspective view of a rotating sleeve valve assembly of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 9 is cross-sectional view of the propulsive anti-torque system, taken along the section lines IX-IX shown in Figure 6;
Figures 10A and 10B are top views of an aircraft utilizing the nozzle system and a retractable wing extension;
Figures 11A and 11B are top plan views of the aircraft of Figures 10A and 10B;
Figures 12A and 12B are top plan view of a portion of a wing of the aircraft of Figures 10A and 10B; and Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the wing taken along the section lines XIII-XIII shown in Figure 12B.
While the system of the present application is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment disclosed.
Figure 5 is a side view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 6 is a top view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 7 is an additional side view of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 8 is a perspective view of a rotating sleeve valve assembly of the propulsive anti-torque system of Figure 4;
Figure 9 is cross-sectional view of the propulsive anti-torque system, taken along the section lines IX-IX shown in Figure 6;
Figures 10A and 10B are top views of an aircraft utilizing the nozzle system and a retractable wing extension;
Figures 11A and 11B are top plan views of the aircraft of Figures 10A and 10B;
Figures 12A and 12B are top plan view of a portion of a wing of the aircraft of Figures 10A and 10B; and Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view of the wing taken along the section lines XIII-XIII shown in Figure 12B.
While the system of the present application is susceptible to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiment disclosed.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Illustrative embodiments of the system of the present application are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
In the specification, reference may be made to the spatial relationships between various components and to the spatial orientation of various aspects of components as the devices are depicted in the attached drawings. However, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the devices, members, apparatuses, etc. described herein may be positioned in any desired orientation. Thus, the use of terms such as "above,"
"below," "upper," "lower," or other like terms to describe a spatial relationship between various components or to describe the spatial orientation of aspects of such components should be understood to describe a relative relationship between the components or a spatial orientation of aspects of such components, respectively, as the device described herein may be oriented in any desired direction.
The propulsive anti-torque system of present application is configured to operate in an aircraft. In one embodiment, the aircraft has a propulsion system with a variable pitch fan installed approximate to an engine in the aircraft. The fan is driven directly from the main rotor drive via a short shaft. The configuration and location of the fan allows the primary exhaust from the engine to be mixed with the air flow from the fan. The mixed air flow from the fan and the engine passes through the tail boom and out the propulsive anti-torque system. All embodiments of the system of the present application may be configured in both manned and unmanned aircraft.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, aircraft 101 includes a fuselage 109 and a landing gear 121. A rotor system 105 is configured to receive cyclic and collective control inputs thus enabling aircraft 101 to make controlled movements. For example, a collective control input changes the pitch of each rotor blade 123 collectively. In contrast, a cyclic control inputs selectively changes the pitch of individual rotor blades according to a rotation position. For example, as rotor blades 123 rotate, a cyclic input can increase the lift on one side of aircraft 101 and decrease on the other side of the aircraft 101, thus producing a lift differential. In this manner, cyclic control inputs can be made to control the pitch and roll of aircraft, as well as to produce various tilting maneuvers. Even though the preferred embodiment is shown with four rotor blades 123, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may use greater or fewer rotor blades.
In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 101 includes a fixed wing 107 extending from each side of fuselage 109. Fixed wing 107 is configured to provide supplemental lift to aircraft 101 during forward flight. During forward flight, wing 107 produces lift, thereby reducing the lifting responsibilities of rotor system 105. The supplemental lift provided by wing 107 acts to reduce vibration, as well as improve the range and efficiency of aircraft 101. It should be appreciated that alternative embodiments of aircraft 101 may not include wing 107. The preferred embodiment of aircraft 101 also includes tail fins 119 which provide aerodynamic stability during flight. It should be appreciated that tail fins 119 may take on a wide variety of configurations. For example, tail fins 119 may be replaced with any combination of horizontal and vertical fins.
Aircraft 101 further includes an engine 111 that provides power to rotor system 105 via a transmission 115. Engine 111 is also configured to provide power to a fan 113. Fan 113 provides compressed airflow to propulsive anti-torque system 103, via a engine exhaust duct 117. In the preferred embodiment, fan has variable pitch fan blades so that flight system controls can control airflow produced by fan 113. Propulsive anti-torque system 103 is configured to selectively provide aircraft with a forward thrust vector, an anti-torque vector, and a pro-torque vector, as described in further detail herein.
Referring now to Figure 3, a portion of aircraft 101 is schematically shown.
Propulsive anti-torque system 103 receives compressed air flow via duct 117.
During operation, inlet air 129a enters an inlet 125 and is accelerated through fan 113. Fan accelerated air 129b travels through a duct system around engine 111 to a mixer portion 127 of duct 117. Exhaust air 129c is expelled from engine 111 and travels to mixer portion 127. Mixer portion 127 is a daisy-type nozzle that provides shear layers for disrupting airflow so as to facilitate mixing of fan accelerated air 129b and exhaust air 129c so as to produce mixed air 129d. The mixing of the hot exhaust air 129c with the cool fan accelerated air 129b acts to reduce the temperature of exhaust air 129c, thereby reducing the infrared (IR) signature of aircraft 101. External acoustic signature is also reduced because the fan and engine components are located internally and sound is dampened in duct 117, before mixed air 129d exits propulsive anti-torque system 103. The mixing also recovers heat energy from the exhaust to develop additional useful thrust over that of the fan alone.
Referring now to Figures 4-9, propulsive anti-torque system 103 is shown in further detail.
System 103 includes a diverter 411 which is in gaseous communication with duct 117. System 103 further includes a fixed nozzle assembly 401 having various nozzles for selectively producing a thrust component in single or multiple directions. Fixed nozzle assembly 401 preferably includes one or more of an anti-torque nozzle 403, a pro-torque nozzle 405, and a thrust nozzle 407.
It should be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include additional nozzles configured to direct exhaust gases downwardly, thereby creating vertical lift.
A rotating sleeve valve 419 is located concentrically with fixed nozzle assembly 401. In the preferred embodiment, diverter 411 is integral to rotating sleeve valve 419 such that rotation of rotating sleeve valve 419 results in rotation of diverter 411. Rotating sleeve valve 419 is configured to be selectively rotated by a rotary actuator spindle 409. During operation, mixed air 129d travels into diverter 411 from duct 117. From diverter 411, mixed air 129d travels through downstream portions of rotating sleeve valve 419 (shown in Figures 8 and 9). Rotating sleeve valve 419 selectively redirects mixed air 129d into one or more of anti-torque nozzle 403, pro-torque nozzle 405, and thrust nozzle 407.
Referring to Figure 8, rotating sleeve valve 419 is rotatably mounted inside fixed nozzle assembly 401 such that a forward sleeve opening 431 of diverter is concentric with duct 117. Rotating sleeve valve 419 includes a scoop 433 for aerodynamically turning mixed air 129d into selected nozzles of the fixed nozzle assembly 401. A sleeve vane 421 is preferably fixedly located in a scoop opening 429 of scoop 433, so as to facilitate the turning of mixed air 129d. In an alternative embodiment, sleeve vane 421 may be configured to selectively rotate so as to accommodate changes in flow characteristics of mixed air 129d. Actuator spindle 409 is located on an aft portion of rotating sleeve valve 419. Rotating sleeve valve 419 is operably associated with an actuator 435. Actuator 435, which is schematically shown in Figure 8, is configured to selectively rotate rotating sleeve valve 419, via spindle 409, into desired positions. Positioning of rotating sleeve valve 419 is preferably controlled by an aircraft flight control computer, but may also be controlled by manual inputs by the pilot. In the preferred embodiment, actuator 435 is electric. However, it should be appreciated that actuator 435 can be a wide variety of devices capably of selectively positioning rotating sleeve valve 419, via actuator spindle 409, into desired positions.
Referring again to Figures 4-9, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs mixed air 129d from diverter 411 into one or more nozzles on fixed nozzle assembly 401.
Anti-torque nozzle 403 is preferably elliptically shaped and protrudes in an outboard direction from the main body portion of fixed nozzle assembly 401. In alternative embodiments, anti-torque nozzle 403 can be of a wide variety of shapes, such as trapezoidal. Anti-torque nozzle 403 preferably has one or more anti-torque vanes 423 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in an anti-torque direction. In the preferred embodiment, each anti-torque vane 423 is fixed to the interior side walls of anti-torque nozzle 403. In alternative embodiments, each anti-torque vane may be articulated such that each vane 423 is rotatable on a generally horizontal axis so as to selectively contribute pitch control of aircraft 101. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 is positioned to direct air through anti-torque nozzle 403, so as to produce an anti-torque vector 413 due to the propulsive forces from air 129d being directed through anti-torque nozzle 403. Aircraft 101 is configured such that rotor system 105 rotates in a counter clockwise direction 131, as shown in Figure 1. In such a configuration, anti-torque vector 413 acts to cancel torque induced upon aircraft from the rotation of rotor system 105 in counter clockwise direction 131. Furthermore, anti-torque vector 413 is selectively generated for yaw maneuvering and yaw stability, in addition to anti-torque control. It should be appreciated that other embodiments of aircraft 101 may have a rotor system which rotates is a clockwise direction (opposite from counter clockwise direction 131). In such a configuration, propulsive anti-torque system 103 would be configured such that anti-torque nozzle 403 would be on the opposite side of aircraft 101.
Pro-torque nozzle 405 is preferably elliptically shaped and protrudes in an outboard direction from the main body portion of fixed nozzle assembly 401. In alternative embodiments, pro-torque nozzle 405 can be of a wide variety of shapes, such as trapezoidal. Pro-torque nozzle 405 preferably has one or more pro-torque vanes 425 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in the desired pro-torque direction. In the preferred embodiment, each pro-torque vane 425 is fixed to the interior side walls of pro-torque nozzle 405. In alternative embodiments, each pro-torque vane 425 may be articulated such that each vane 425 is rotatable on a generally horizontal axis so as to selectively contribute to pitch control of aircraft 101. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs air through pro-torque nozzle 405 to produce a pro-torque vector 415. Furthermore, pro-torque vector is selectively generated for yaw maneuvering and yaw stability.
Thrust nozzle 407 is preferably scoop shape so as to extend upward and toward an aft direction, as shown in Figure 5. Thrust nozzle 407 preferably includes a thrust vane 427 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in the desired thrust direction. In the preferred embodiment, thrust vane 427 is fixed to the interior side walls of thrust nozzle 407. In alternative embodiments, thrust vane 427 may be articulated such that thrust vane 427 is rotatable. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs air through thrust nozzle 407 to produce a forward thrust vector 417. Forward thrust vector 417 is selectively generated to contribute to forward propulsion of aircraft 101.
In operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 is selectively rotated to direct mixed air 129d into one or more of anti-torque nozzle 403, pro-torque nozzle 405, and thrust nozzle 407. For example, sleeve valve 419 may be positioned to direct all of mixed air 129d into anti-torque nozzle 403 to produce anti-torque vector 413.
Similarly, sleeve valve 419 may be positioned to direct all of mixed air into pro-torque nozzle 405 to produce pro-torque vector 415. Similarly, sleeve valve may be positioned to direct all of mixed air into thrust nozzle 407 to produce forward thrust vector 417. In addition, sleeve valve 419 may be actuated so as to direct mixed air 129d into both anti-torque nozzle 403 and thrust nozzle 407 simultaneously so as to produce a resultant vector which is a combination of anti-torque vector 413 and forward thrust vector 417. Sleeve valve 419 may be rotated so as to selectively adjust the proportion of mixed air 129d that travels through anti-torque nozzle 403 and thrust nozzle 407, thereby changing the resultant vector that forms from the combination of anti-torque vector 413 and forward thrust vector 417.
For example, 30% of mixed air 129d may be directed through anti-torque nozzle 403 with 70% of mixed air 129d being directed through thrust nozzle 407, so as to produce a resultant vector force that is 30% of anti-torque vector 413 and 70%
forward thrust vector 417. In a similar manner, sleeve valve 419 may be actuated so as to simultaneously direct mixed air 129d into both pro-torque nozzle 405 and thrust nozzle 407 so as to produce a resultant vector which is a combination of pro-torque vector 415 and forward thrust vector 417.
Referring to Figure 9, system 103 is depicted in a cross-sectional view with sleeve valve 419 positioned to direct airflow through thrust valve 407. A
bearing 437a is located between diverter 411 and tailboom 133. In the preferred embodiment, diverter 411 is integral with rotating sleeve valve 419 such that diverter 411 rotates with rotating sleeve valve 419. However, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments can be configured with diverter 411 as a stationary separate structure from rotating sleeve valve 419. A bearing 437b is located between rotating sleeve valve 419 and fixed nozzle assembly 401 to facilitate rotational movement therebetween. Similarly, a bearing 437c is located between spindle 409 and fixed nozzle assembly 401.
Turning next to Figures 10A and 10B in the drawings, top views of an aircraft 1001 are shown. Aircraft 1001 is preferably an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV);
however, the systems and methods disclosed herein could easily be utilized on both manned and unmanned aircraft. The relatively small size of aircraft 1001 enables the UAV to fit on a destroyer ship and/or other vehicles during operation. It should be understood that aircraft 1001 is configured to utilize one or more of the systems already disclosed above. For example, aircraft 1001 utilizes the engine and nozzle assembly above for controlling flight of the aircraft. In the preferred embodiment, the engine exhaust duct and the nozzle assembly are rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned to each other. Further, it should also be appreciated that the systems and devices of aircraft 1001 could easily be incorporated in the one or more of the above embodiments already disclosed.
In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 1001 comprises one or more of a fuselage 1003 and an engine housing 1005 carried by a single wing structure 1007.
In the exemplary embodiment, aircraft 1001 includes a single wing; however, it will be appreciated that the features disclosed herein could easily be incorporated in aircrafts having multiple wing structures.
Aircraft 1001 provides significant advantages over conventional aircraft.
Specifically, aircraft 1001 is further provided with one or more lift systems configured to create vertical lift. In the exemplary embodiment, aircraft 1001 includes two lift systems 1009 for added stability and increased lifting capabilities.
Aircraft 1001 includes a conduit 1011 extending through wing 1007 and configured to receive lift system 1009 therein.
Lift system 1009 comprises a rotor 1013 that rotates in conduit 1011 and a plurality of vanes 1015 for redirecting rotor downwash created by rotor 1013.
The pivoting movement of vanes 1015 is created with one or more actuator subsystems (not shown) controlled by one or more control subsystems preferably carried within fuselage 1003. In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 1001 achieves vertical lift and landing with a rotary type system; however, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include different lift systems in lieu of the preferred embodiment. For example, vertical lift could be achieved with one or more moveable nozzles in gaseous communication with the aircraft engine.
Aircraft 1001 is further provided with a retractable wing extension 1015, which provides additional lift during flight. Wing extension 1015 is preferably disposed within wing 1007 and configured to retract therein and extend therefrom during flight to achieve a desired flight condition. Figure 10A shows the wing extension in a retracted position, while Figure 10B shows the wing extension in an extended position. Wing extension 1015 also provides significant advantages, namely, the wing extension can create additional lift while in the extended position, but can also reduce drag while retracted during high speed flight and/or takeoff.
Further description and illustration of wing extension 1015 are provided below.
Figures 11A and 11B show top plan views of aircraft 1001 with wing extension 1005 in the respective retracted and extended positions. Aircraft comprises an engine 1017 configured to create forward propulsion and configured to also drive lift systems 1009. A transmission 1019 and other associated shafts and devices are utilized to transfer rotational movement from engine 1017 to lift system 1009. It should be understood that engine 1017 and the corresponding nozzle assembly 1018 are substantially similar in form and function to the engine and nozzle assembly embodiments discussed above.
Aircraft 1001 further includes a bearing system 1021 configured to receive and support wing extension 1015. During operation wing extension 1015 slides within bearing system 1021 when transitioning between the extended position and the retracted position. An arrow D1 shows the directional movement of wing extension 1015 during the transition, which direction is relatively parallel to the wing length. It will be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include wing extensions that pivotally attach to the wing in lieu of the preferred embodiment.
Figures 12A and 12B show top plan views of a portion of wing 1007. The figures provide further illustration of the systems associated with wing extension 1015. In particular, a driver system 1201 is utilized to drive the wing extension between the retracted position, as shown in Figure 12A, to the extended position, as shown in Figure 12B. Aircraft 1001 further comprises a locking system 1203 configured to lock wing extension 1015 in the retracted position.
In the preferred embodiment, driver system 1201 is a gear system having a gear driver 1205 and a threaded shaft 1207, e.g., a worm gear. Shaft 1207 couples to wing extension 1015 and extends through locking system 1203. It will be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include different driver systems in lieu of the preferred embodiment. For example, a hydraulic system could be utilized in lieu of a gear mechanism for extending and retracting the wing extension.
Locking system 1203 comprises a locking device 1209 configured to receive shaft 1207 therethrough and configured to couple to an attachment device 1211 securely attached to wing extension 1015. During operation, driver system 1201 retracts wing extension 1015 in direction D2 until attachment device 1211 engages and locks with locking device 1209. In the retracted position, the wing extension remains securely locked within wing 1007. Locking device 1209 disengages with attachment device 1211 and driver system 1201 drives wing extension in direction D2 as the wing extension transitions between the retracted to the extended positions. It should be noted that bearing system 1021 securely maintains wing extension 1015 in coaxial alignment with driver system 1201 during the transition.
Figure 13 shows a cross sectional view of the bearing system 1021 taken from Figure 12B at XIII-XIII. In the preferred embodiment, bearing system 1021 is a shoe bearing having an outer housing 1301 and a material 1303 disposed between the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the wing extension.
Housing 1301 includes an inner contoured surface area 1305 matching an outer contoured surface area 1307 of the wing extension. It should be appreciated that housing 1301 is configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position.
= CA 02757553 2014-03-26 Material 1303 is preferably composed of a low coefficient of friction material, such as Rexlon 2000TM Type III material, which is a polymeric composite self-lubricating material designed for plain bearings and other load carrying moving components requiring low friction and wear. However, it will be appreciated that bearing system 1021 could include other devices, e.g., mechanical bearings, and/or other suitable materials for carrying loads. It should also be appreciated that alterative embodiments of aircraft 1001 could include multiple bearing systems 1021 for supporting wing extension 1015.
The system of the present application provides significant advantages, including: (1) increasing the speed of the aircraft; (2) blade loading and flapping are significantly reduced; (3) the margins for hub and control loads are improved;
(4) the quality of the ride at high speeds is significantly improved; (5) the noise level is significantly reduced; (6) system complexity is greatly reduced; (7) the infrared (IR) signature of the rotorcraft is significantly reduced, because the primary engine exhaust is highly diluted when mixed with the air flow from the fan; (8) the acoustic signature of the rotorcraft is greatly reduced, because both the primary engine and the propulsive anti-torque system are internal to the tail boom of the rotorcraft; (9) the rotorcraft is significantly safer for personnel during ground operations, because both the primary engine and the propulsive anti-torque system are internal to the tail boom of the vehicle, thereby eliminating the possibilities of exposure to hot exhaust gasses or tail rotor strikes; and (10) anti-torque thrust is provided without the cost, weight, and complexity of a tail-rotor type device or a thrust type device that uses a fan driven by a secondary drive system.
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the application may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified. It is apparent that a system with significant advantages has been described and illustrated. Although the system of the present application is shown in a limited number of forms, it is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various = CA 02757553 2014-03-26 =
changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of a review of this disclosure, and such modifications are intended to fall within the appended claims.
Illustrative embodiments of the system of the present application are described below. In the interest of clarity, not all features of an actual implementation are described in this specification. It will of course be appreciated that in the development of any such actual embodiment, numerous implementation-specific decisions must be made to achieve the developer's specific goals, such as compliance with system-related and business-related constraints, which will vary from one implementation to another. Moreover, it will be appreciated that such a development effort might be complex and time-consuming but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking for those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure.
In the specification, reference may be made to the spatial relationships between various components and to the spatial orientation of various aspects of components as the devices are depicted in the attached drawings. However, as will be recognized by those skilled in the art after a complete reading of the present application, the devices, members, apparatuses, etc. described herein may be positioned in any desired orientation. Thus, the use of terms such as "above,"
"below," "upper," "lower," or other like terms to describe a spatial relationship between various components or to describe the spatial orientation of aspects of such components should be understood to describe a relative relationship between the components or a spatial orientation of aspects of such components, respectively, as the device described herein may be oriented in any desired direction.
The propulsive anti-torque system of present application is configured to operate in an aircraft. In one embodiment, the aircraft has a propulsion system with a variable pitch fan installed approximate to an engine in the aircraft. The fan is driven directly from the main rotor drive via a short shaft. The configuration and location of the fan allows the primary exhaust from the engine to be mixed with the air flow from the fan. The mixed air flow from the fan and the engine passes through the tail boom and out the propulsive anti-torque system. All embodiments of the system of the present application may be configured in both manned and unmanned aircraft.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, aircraft 101 includes a fuselage 109 and a landing gear 121. A rotor system 105 is configured to receive cyclic and collective control inputs thus enabling aircraft 101 to make controlled movements. For example, a collective control input changes the pitch of each rotor blade 123 collectively. In contrast, a cyclic control inputs selectively changes the pitch of individual rotor blades according to a rotation position. For example, as rotor blades 123 rotate, a cyclic input can increase the lift on one side of aircraft 101 and decrease on the other side of the aircraft 101, thus producing a lift differential. In this manner, cyclic control inputs can be made to control the pitch and roll of aircraft, as well as to produce various tilting maneuvers. Even though the preferred embodiment is shown with four rotor blades 123, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments may use greater or fewer rotor blades.
In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 101 includes a fixed wing 107 extending from each side of fuselage 109. Fixed wing 107 is configured to provide supplemental lift to aircraft 101 during forward flight. During forward flight, wing 107 produces lift, thereby reducing the lifting responsibilities of rotor system 105. The supplemental lift provided by wing 107 acts to reduce vibration, as well as improve the range and efficiency of aircraft 101. It should be appreciated that alternative embodiments of aircraft 101 may not include wing 107. The preferred embodiment of aircraft 101 also includes tail fins 119 which provide aerodynamic stability during flight. It should be appreciated that tail fins 119 may take on a wide variety of configurations. For example, tail fins 119 may be replaced with any combination of horizontal and vertical fins.
Aircraft 101 further includes an engine 111 that provides power to rotor system 105 via a transmission 115. Engine 111 is also configured to provide power to a fan 113. Fan 113 provides compressed airflow to propulsive anti-torque system 103, via a engine exhaust duct 117. In the preferred embodiment, fan has variable pitch fan blades so that flight system controls can control airflow produced by fan 113. Propulsive anti-torque system 103 is configured to selectively provide aircraft with a forward thrust vector, an anti-torque vector, and a pro-torque vector, as described in further detail herein.
Referring now to Figure 3, a portion of aircraft 101 is schematically shown.
Propulsive anti-torque system 103 receives compressed air flow via duct 117.
During operation, inlet air 129a enters an inlet 125 and is accelerated through fan 113. Fan accelerated air 129b travels through a duct system around engine 111 to a mixer portion 127 of duct 117. Exhaust air 129c is expelled from engine 111 and travels to mixer portion 127. Mixer portion 127 is a daisy-type nozzle that provides shear layers for disrupting airflow so as to facilitate mixing of fan accelerated air 129b and exhaust air 129c so as to produce mixed air 129d. The mixing of the hot exhaust air 129c with the cool fan accelerated air 129b acts to reduce the temperature of exhaust air 129c, thereby reducing the infrared (IR) signature of aircraft 101. External acoustic signature is also reduced because the fan and engine components are located internally and sound is dampened in duct 117, before mixed air 129d exits propulsive anti-torque system 103. The mixing also recovers heat energy from the exhaust to develop additional useful thrust over that of the fan alone.
Referring now to Figures 4-9, propulsive anti-torque system 103 is shown in further detail.
System 103 includes a diverter 411 which is in gaseous communication with duct 117. System 103 further includes a fixed nozzle assembly 401 having various nozzles for selectively producing a thrust component in single or multiple directions. Fixed nozzle assembly 401 preferably includes one or more of an anti-torque nozzle 403, a pro-torque nozzle 405, and a thrust nozzle 407.
It should be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include additional nozzles configured to direct exhaust gases downwardly, thereby creating vertical lift.
A rotating sleeve valve 419 is located concentrically with fixed nozzle assembly 401. In the preferred embodiment, diverter 411 is integral to rotating sleeve valve 419 such that rotation of rotating sleeve valve 419 results in rotation of diverter 411. Rotating sleeve valve 419 is configured to be selectively rotated by a rotary actuator spindle 409. During operation, mixed air 129d travels into diverter 411 from duct 117. From diverter 411, mixed air 129d travels through downstream portions of rotating sleeve valve 419 (shown in Figures 8 and 9). Rotating sleeve valve 419 selectively redirects mixed air 129d into one or more of anti-torque nozzle 403, pro-torque nozzle 405, and thrust nozzle 407.
Referring to Figure 8, rotating sleeve valve 419 is rotatably mounted inside fixed nozzle assembly 401 such that a forward sleeve opening 431 of diverter is concentric with duct 117. Rotating sleeve valve 419 includes a scoop 433 for aerodynamically turning mixed air 129d into selected nozzles of the fixed nozzle assembly 401. A sleeve vane 421 is preferably fixedly located in a scoop opening 429 of scoop 433, so as to facilitate the turning of mixed air 129d. In an alternative embodiment, sleeve vane 421 may be configured to selectively rotate so as to accommodate changes in flow characteristics of mixed air 129d. Actuator spindle 409 is located on an aft portion of rotating sleeve valve 419. Rotating sleeve valve 419 is operably associated with an actuator 435. Actuator 435, which is schematically shown in Figure 8, is configured to selectively rotate rotating sleeve valve 419, via spindle 409, into desired positions. Positioning of rotating sleeve valve 419 is preferably controlled by an aircraft flight control computer, but may also be controlled by manual inputs by the pilot. In the preferred embodiment, actuator 435 is electric. However, it should be appreciated that actuator 435 can be a wide variety of devices capably of selectively positioning rotating sleeve valve 419, via actuator spindle 409, into desired positions.
Referring again to Figures 4-9, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs mixed air 129d from diverter 411 into one or more nozzles on fixed nozzle assembly 401.
Anti-torque nozzle 403 is preferably elliptically shaped and protrudes in an outboard direction from the main body portion of fixed nozzle assembly 401. In alternative embodiments, anti-torque nozzle 403 can be of a wide variety of shapes, such as trapezoidal. Anti-torque nozzle 403 preferably has one or more anti-torque vanes 423 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in an anti-torque direction. In the preferred embodiment, each anti-torque vane 423 is fixed to the interior side walls of anti-torque nozzle 403. In alternative embodiments, each anti-torque vane may be articulated such that each vane 423 is rotatable on a generally horizontal axis so as to selectively contribute pitch control of aircraft 101. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 is positioned to direct air through anti-torque nozzle 403, so as to produce an anti-torque vector 413 due to the propulsive forces from air 129d being directed through anti-torque nozzle 403. Aircraft 101 is configured such that rotor system 105 rotates in a counter clockwise direction 131, as shown in Figure 1. In such a configuration, anti-torque vector 413 acts to cancel torque induced upon aircraft from the rotation of rotor system 105 in counter clockwise direction 131. Furthermore, anti-torque vector 413 is selectively generated for yaw maneuvering and yaw stability, in addition to anti-torque control. It should be appreciated that other embodiments of aircraft 101 may have a rotor system which rotates is a clockwise direction (opposite from counter clockwise direction 131). In such a configuration, propulsive anti-torque system 103 would be configured such that anti-torque nozzle 403 would be on the opposite side of aircraft 101.
Pro-torque nozzle 405 is preferably elliptically shaped and protrudes in an outboard direction from the main body portion of fixed nozzle assembly 401. In alternative embodiments, pro-torque nozzle 405 can be of a wide variety of shapes, such as trapezoidal. Pro-torque nozzle 405 preferably has one or more pro-torque vanes 425 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in the desired pro-torque direction. In the preferred embodiment, each pro-torque vane 425 is fixed to the interior side walls of pro-torque nozzle 405. In alternative embodiments, each pro-torque vane 425 may be articulated such that each vane 425 is rotatable on a generally horizontal axis so as to selectively contribute to pitch control of aircraft 101. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs air through pro-torque nozzle 405 to produce a pro-torque vector 415. Furthermore, pro-torque vector is selectively generated for yaw maneuvering and yaw stability.
Thrust nozzle 407 is preferably scoop shape so as to extend upward and toward an aft direction, as shown in Figure 5. Thrust nozzle 407 preferably includes a thrust vane 427 for directing the flow of mixed air 129d in the desired thrust direction. In the preferred embodiment, thrust vane 427 is fixed to the interior side walls of thrust nozzle 407. In alternative embodiments, thrust vane 427 may be articulated such that thrust vane 427 is rotatable. During operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 directs air through thrust nozzle 407 to produce a forward thrust vector 417. Forward thrust vector 417 is selectively generated to contribute to forward propulsion of aircraft 101.
In operation, rotating sleeve valve 419 is selectively rotated to direct mixed air 129d into one or more of anti-torque nozzle 403, pro-torque nozzle 405, and thrust nozzle 407. For example, sleeve valve 419 may be positioned to direct all of mixed air 129d into anti-torque nozzle 403 to produce anti-torque vector 413.
Similarly, sleeve valve 419 may be positioned to direct all of mixed air into pro-torque nozzle 405 to produce pro-torque vector 415. Similarly, sleeve valve may be positioned to direct all of mixed air into thrust nozzle 407 to produce forward thrust vector 417. In addition, sleeve valve 419 may be actuated so as to direct mixed air 129d into both anti-torque nozzle 403 and thrust nozzle 407 simultaneously so as to produce a resultant vector which is a combination of anti-torque vector 413 and forward thrust vector 417. Sleeve valve 419 may be rotated so as to selectively adjust the proportion of mixed air 129d that travels through anti-torque nozzle 403 and thrust nozzle 407, thereby changing the resultant vector that forms from the combination of anti-torque vector 413 and forward thrust vector 417.
For example, 30% of mixed air 129d may be directed through anti-torque nozzle 403 with 70% of mixed air 129d being directed through thrust nozzle 407, so as to produce a resultant vector force that is 30% of anti-torque vector 413 and 70%
forward thrust vector 417. In a similar manner, sleeve valve 419 may be actuated so as to simultaneously direct mixed air 129d into both pro-torque nozzle 405 and thrust nozzle 407 so as to produce a resultant vector which is a combination of pro-torque vector 415 and forward thrust vector 417.
Referring to Figure 9, system 103 is depicted in a cross-sectional view with sleeve valve 419 positioned to direct airflow through thrust valve 407. A
bearing 437a is located between diverter 411 and tailboom 133. In the preferred embodiment, diverter 411 is integral with rotating sleeve valve 419 such that diverter 411 rotates with rotating sleeve valve 419. However, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments can be configured with diverter 411 as a stationary separate structure from rotating sleeve valve 419. A bearing 437b is located between rotating sleeve valve 419 and fixed nozzle assembly 401 to facilitate rotational movement therebetween. Similarly, a bearing 437c is located between spindle 409 and fixed nozzle assembly 401.
Turning next to Figures 10A and 10B in the drawings, top views of an aircraft 1001 are shown. Aircraft 1001 is preferably an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV);
however, the systems and methods disclosed herein could easily be utilized on both manned and unmanned aircraft. The relatively small size of aircraft 1001 enables the UAV to fit on a destroyer ship and/or other vehicles during operation. It should be understood that aircraft 1001 is configured to utilize one or more of the systems already disclosed above. For example, aircraft 1001 utilizes the engine and nozzle assembly above for controlling flight of the aircraft. In the preferred embodiment, the engine exhaust duct and the nozzle assembly are rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned to each other. Further, it should also be appreciated that the systems and devices of aircraft 1001 could easily be incorporated in the one or more of the above embodiments already disclosed.
In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 1001 comprises one or more of a fuselage 1003 and an engine housing 1005 carried by a single wing structure 1007.
In the exemplary embodiment, aircraft 1001 includes a single wing; however, it will be appreciated that the features disclosed herein could easily be incorporated in aircrafts having multiple wing structures.
Aircraft 1001 provides significant advantages over conventional aircraft.
Specifically, aircraft 1001 is further provided with one or more lift systems configured to create vertical lift. In the exemplary embodiment, aircraft 1001 includes two lift systems 1009 for added stability and increased lifting capabilities.
Aircraft 1001 includes a conduit 1011 extending through wing 1007 and configured to receive lift system 1009 therein.
Lift system 1009 comprises a rotor 1013 that rotates in conduit 1011 and a plurality of vanes 1015 for redirecting rotor downwash created by rotor 1013.
The pivoting movement of vanes 1015 is created with one or more actuator subsystems (not shown) controlled by one or more control subsystems preferably carried within fuselage 1003. In the preferred embodiment, aircraft 1001 achieves vertical lift and landing with a rotary type system; however, it should be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include different lift systems in lieu of the preferred embodiment. For example, vertical lift could be achieved with one or more moveable nozzles in gaseous communication with the aircraft engine.
Aircraft 1001 is further provided with a retractable wing extension 1015, which provides additional lift during flight. Wing extension 1015 is preferably disposed within wing 1007 and configured to retract therein and extend therefrom during flight to achieve a desired flight condition. Figure 10A shows the wing extension in a retracted position, while Figure 10B shows the wing extension in an extended position. Wing extension 1015 also provides significant advantages, namely, the wing extension can create additional lift while in the extended position, but can also reduce drag while retracted during high speed flight and/or takeoff.
Further description and illustration of wing extension 1015 are provided below.
Figures 11A and 11B show top plan views of aircraft 1001 with wing extension 1005 in the respective retracted and extended positions. Aircraft comprises an engine 1017 configured to create forward propulsion and configured to also drive lift systems 1009. A transmission 1019 and other associated shafts and devices are utilized to transfer rotational movement from engine 1017 to lift system 1009. It should be understood that engine 1017 and the corresponding nozzle assembly 1018 are substantially similar in form and function to the engine and nozzle assembly embodiments discussed above.
Aircraft 1001 further includes a bearing system 1021 configured to receive and support wing extension 1015. During operation wing extension 1015 slides within bearing system 1021 when transitioning between the extended position and the retracted position. An arrow D1 shows the directional movement of wing extension 1015 during the transition, which direction is relatively parallel to the wing length. It will be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include wing extensions that pivotally attach to the wing in lieu of the preferred embodiment.
Figures 12A and 12B show top plan views of a portion of wing 1007. The figures provide further illustration of the systems associated with wing extension 1015. In particular, a driver system 1201 is utilized to drive the wing extension between the retracted position, as shown in Figure 12A, to the extended position, as shown in Figure 12B. Aircraft 1001 further comprises a locking system 1203 configured to lock wing extension 1015 in the retracted position.
In the preferred embodiment, driver system 1201 is a gear system having a gear driver 1205 and a threaded shaft 1207, e.g., a worm gear. Shaft 1207 couples to wing extension 1015 and extends through locking system 1203. It will be appreciated that alternative embodiments could include different driver systems in lieu of the preferred embodiment. For example, a hydraulic system could be utilized in lieu of a gear mechanism for extending and retracting the wing extension.
Locking system 1203 comprises a locking device 1209 configured to receive shaft 1207 therethrough and configured to couple to an attachment device 1211 securely attached to wing extension 1015. During operation, driver system 1201 retracts wing extension 1015 in direction D2 until attachment device 1211 engages and locks with locking device 1209. In the retracted position, the wing extension remains securely locked within wing 1007. Locking device 1209 disengages with attachment device 1211 and driver system 1201 drives wing extension in direction D2 as the wing extension transitions between the retracted to the extended positions. It should be noted that bearing system 1021 securely maintains wing extension 1015 in coaxial alignment with driver system 1201 during the transition.
Figure 13 shows a cross sectional view of the bearing system 1021 taken from Figure 12B at XIII-XIII. In the preferred embodiment, bearing system 1021 is a shoe bearing having an outer housing 1301 and a material 1303 disposed between the inner surface of the housing and the outer surface of the wing extension.
Housing 1301 includes an inner contoured surface area 1305 matching an outer contoured surface area 1307 of the wing extension. It should be appreciated that housing 1301 is configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position.
= CA 02757553 2014-03-26 Material 1303 is preferably composed of a low coefficient of friction material, such as Rexlon 2000TM Type III material, which is a polymeric composite self-lubricating material designed for plain bearings and other load carrying moving components requiring low friction and wear. However, it will be appreciated that bearing system 1021 could include other devices, e.g., mechanical bearings, and/or other suitable materials for carrying loads. It should also be appreciated that alterative embodiments of aircraft 1001 could include multiple bearing systems 1021 for supporting wing extension 1015.
The system of the present application provides significant advantages, including: (1) increasing the speed of the aircraft; (2) blade loading and flapping are significantly reduced; (3) the margins for hub and control loads are improved;
(4) the quality of the ride at high speeds is significantly improved; (5) the noise level is significantly reduced; (6) system complexity is greatly reduced; (7) the infrared (IR) signature of the rotorcraft is significantly reduced, because the primary engine exhaust is highly diluted when mixed with the air flow from the fan; (8) the acoustic signature of the rotorcraft is greatly reduced, because both the primary engine and the propulsive anti-torque system are internal to the tail boom of the rotorcraft; (9) the rotorcraft is significantly safer for personnel during ground operations, because both the primary engine and the propulsive anti-torque system are internal to the tail boom of the vehicle, thereby eliminating the possibilities of exposure to hot exhaust gasses or tail rotor strikes; and (10) anti-torque thrust is provided without the cost, weight, and complexity of a tail-rotor type device or a thrust type device that uses a fan driven by a secondary drive system.
The particular embodiments disclosed above are illustrative only, as the application may be modified and practiced in different but equivalent manners apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings herein without departing from the scope of the invention disclosed. It is therefore evident that the particular embodiments disclosed above may be altered or modified. It is apparent that a system with significant advantages has been described and illustrated. Although the system of the present application is shown in a limited number of forms, it is not limited to just these forms, but is amenable to various = CA 02757553 2014-03-26 =
changes and modifications which fall within the scope of the present invention, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of a review of this disclosure, and such modifications are intended to fall within the appended claims.
Claims (20)
1. An aircraft, comprising:
an engine exhaust duct;
a nozzle assembly rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the nozzle assembly having a first nozzle and a second nozzle in gaseous communication with the engine exhaust duct, the first nozzle being configured to redirect engine exhaust gas in a different direction relative to redirected gas from the second nozzle;
a rotatable valve disposed within the nozzle assembly, the valve being configured to rotate concentrically to the engine exhaust duct, the rotatable valve having:
a scoop portion in gaseous communication the engine exhaust duct, the scope portion being configured to redirect all engine exhaust gases leaving the engine exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle;
wherein the scoop is selectively contoured to reduce turbulent flow as the exhaust gas is channeled from the exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle;
a wing extension carried within a fixed wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend from the wing in an extended position and retract within the wing while in a retracted position.
an engine exhaust duct;
a nozzle assembly rigidly attached to and concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the nozzle assembly having a first nozzle and a second nozzle in gaseous communication with the engine exhaust duct, the first nozzle being configured to redirect engine exhaust gas in a different direction relative to redirected gas from the second nozzle;
a rotatable valve disposed within the nozzle assembly, the valve being configured to rotate concentrically to the engine exhaust duct, the rotatable valve having:
a scoop portion in gaseous communication the engine exhaust duct, the scope portion being configured to redirect all engine exhaust gases leaving the engine exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle;
wherein the scoop is selectively contoured to reduce turbulent flow as the exhaust gas is channeled from the exhaust duct to the first nozzle and/or the second nozzle;
a wing extension carried within a fixed wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend from the wing in an extended position and retract within the wing while in a retracted position.
2. The aircraft of claim 1, the sleeve valve further comprising:
a spindle concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the spindle being rotatably attached to the nozzle assembly.
a spindle concentrically aligned with the engine exhaust duct, the spindle being rotatably attached to the nozzle assembly.
3. The aircraft of claim 1 or 2, further comprising:
a vertical lift system carried by the wing of the aircraft, the lift system being configured to create vertical flight.
a vertical lift system carried by the wing of the aircraft, the lift system being configured to create vertical flight.
4. The aircraft of claim 3, the lift system comprising:
a conduit extending through the thickness of the wing;
a rotor positioned within the conduit; and a vane operably associated with the rotor, the vane being configured to redirect rotor downwash from the rotor.
a conduit extending through the thickness of the wing;
a rotor positioned within the conduit; and a vane operably associated with the rotor, the vane being configured to redirect rotor downwash from the rotor.
5. The aircraft of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:
a driver system operably associated with the wing extension, the driver system being configured to extend and retract the wing extension.
a driver system operably associated with the wing extension, the driver system being configured to extend and retract the wing extension.
6. The aircraft of claim 5, the driver system having:
a driver; and a threaded shaft, the threaded shaft being attached to the wing extension and threadingly coupled to the driver;
wherein the driver rotates the threaded shaft as the wing extension transitions between the extended position and the retracted position.
a driver; and a threaded shaft, the threaded shaft being attached to the wing extension and threadingly coupled to the driver;
wherein the driver rotates the threaded shaft as the wing extension transitions between the extended position and the retracted position.
7. The aircraft of any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising:
a locking system operably associated with the wing extension, the locking system being configured to secure the wing extension in the retracted position.
a locking system operably associated with the wing extension, the locking system being configured to secure the wing extension in the retracted position.
8. The aircraft of any one of claims 1 to 7, further comprising:
a bearing system disposed within the wing, the bearing system being configured to slidably receive the wing extension.
a bearing system disposed within the wing, the bearing system being configured to slidably receive the wing extension.
9. The aircraft of claim 8, the bearing system having:
a housing having an inner contoured surface area, the inner contoured surface area matching an outer contoured surface area of the wing extension, the housing being configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position; and a material having a low-coefficient of friction, the material being disposed between the inner contoured surface of the housing and the outer contoured surface area of the wing extension
a housing having an inner contoured surface area, the inner contoured surface area matching an outer contoured surface area of the wing extension, the housing being configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position; and a material having a low-coefficient of friction, the material being disposed between the inner contoured surface of the housing and the outer contoured surface area of the wing extension
10. The aircraft of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the rotating valve further comprises:
a sleeve vane disposed within the scoop portion, the sleeve vane being configured to redirect gas channeled through the scoop portion.
a sleeve vane disposed within the scoop portion, the sleeve vane being configured to redirect gas channeled through the scoop portion.
11. An aircraft, comprising:
an engine in gaseous communication with a nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly having a plurality of nozzles for redirecting gas from the engine, the engine and nozzle assembly being configured to provide forward flight and yaw-rotational flight;
a rotating valve disposed within nozzle assembly, the rotating valve being configured to redirect the gas from the engine through one of the plurality of nozzles;
a lift system configured to create lift; and a wing extension carried within a fixed wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend outside the wing in an extended position, and retract within the wing during a retracted position.
an engine in gaseous communication with a nozzle assembly, the nozzle assembly having a plurality of nozzles for redirecting gas from the engine, the engine and nozzle assembly being configured to provide forward flight and yaw-rotational flight;
a rotating valve disposed within nozzle assembly, the rotating valve being configured to redirect the gas from the engine through one of the plurality of nozzles;
a lift system configured to create lift; and a wing extension carried within a fixed wing of the aircraft, the wing extension being configured to extend outside the wing in an extended position, and retract within the wing during a retracted position.
12. The aircraft of claim 11, the lift system comprising:
a conduit extending through the thickness of the wing;
a rotor positioned within the conduit; and a vane operably associated with the rotor, the vane being adapted to redirect air passing through the conduit.
a conduit extending through the thickness of the wing;
a rotor positioned within the conduit; and a vane operably associated with the rotor, the vane being adapted to redirect air passing through the conduit.
13. The aircraft of claim 11 or 12, further comprising:
a bearing system disposed within the wing, the bearing system being configured to slidably receive the wing extension.
a bearing system disposed within the wing, the bearing system being configured to slidably receive the wing extension.
14. The aircraft of claim 13, the bearing system having:
a housing having an inner contoured surface area, the inner contoured surface area matching an outer contoured surface area of the wing extension, the housing being configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position; and a material having a low-coefficient of friction, the material being disposed between the inner contoured surface of the housing and the outer contoured surface area of the wing extension.
a housing having an inner contoured surface area, the inner contoured surface area matching an outer contoured surface area of the wing extension, the housing being configured to prevent pivoting movement of the wing extension while in the extended position; and a material having a low-coefficient of friction, the material being disposed between the inner contoured surface of the housing and the outer contoured surface area of the wing extension.
15. The aircraft of any one of claims 11 to 14, further comprising:
a driver system operably associated with the wing extension, the driver system being configured to extend and retract the wing extension.
a driver system operably associated with the wing extension, the driver system being configured to extend and retract the wing extension.
16. The aircraft of claim 15, the driver system having:
a driver; and a threaded shaft, the threaded shaft being coupled to the wing extension and threadingly coupled to the driver;
wherein the driver rotates the threaded shaft as the wing extension transitions between the extended position and the retracted position.
a driver; and a threaded shaft, the threaded shaft being coupled to the wing extension and threadingly coupled to the driver;
wherein the driver rotates the threaded shaft as the wing extension transitions between the extended position and the retracted position.
17. The aircraft of any one of claims 11 to 16, further comprising:
a locking system operably associated with the wing extension, the locking system being configured to secure the wing extension in the retracted position.
a locking system operably associated with the wing extension, the locking system being configured to secure the wing extension in the retracted position.
18. A method to control flight of an aircraft, comprising:
creating forward propulsion and yaw movement with a rotatable nozzle assembly in gaseous communication with an aircraft engine;
creating lift with a lift system carried by a fixed wing of the aircraft; and creating additional lift during flight with a retractable wing extension being disposed within the wing of the aircraft.
creating forward propulsion and yaw movement with a rotatable nozzle assembly in gaseous communication with an aircraft engine;
creating lift with a lift system carried by a fixed wing of the aircraft; and creating additional lift during flight with a retractable wing extension being disposed within the wing of the aircraft.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:
redirecting engine exhaust channeled through the nozzle assembly with a valve disposed within the nozzle assembly.
redirecting engine exhaust channeled through the nozzle assembly with a valve disposed within the nozzle assembly.
20. The method of claim 18 or 19, wherein addition lift is created by extending the wing extension during flight.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2010/056571 WO2012064344A1 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2010-11-12 | Anti-torque nozzle system with internal sleeve valve for a rotorcraft |
| WOPCT/US2010/056571 | 2010-11-12 | ||
| US13/224,902 | 2011-09-02 | ||
| US13/224,902 US8469308B2 (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-09-02 | Aircraft wing extension and nozzle system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2757553A1 CA2757553A1 (en) | 2012-05-12 |
| CA2757553C true CA2757553C (en) | 2015-03-31 |
Family
ID=44905696
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2757553 Active CA2757553C (en) | 2010-11-12 | 2011-11-08 | Aircraft wing extension and nozzle system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US8469308B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2452873B1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2757553C (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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| US20120119017A1 (en) | 2012-05-17 |
| EP2452873B1 (en) | 2015-04-01 |
| US20130334359A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
| US8636246B2 (en) | 2014-01-28 |
| EP2452873A2 (en) | 2012-05-16 |
| US8469308B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
| EP2452873A3 (en) | 2014-01-01 |
| CA2757553A1 (en) | 2012-05-12 |
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