CA2757042C - Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control - Google Patents
Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2757042C CA2757042C CA2757042A CA2757042A CA2757042C CA 2757042 C CA2757042 C CA 2757042C CA 2757042 A CA2757042 A CA 2757042A CA 2757042 A CA2757042 A CA 2757042A CA 2757042 C CA2757042 C CA 2757042C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- composition
- weight
- soil
- water
- polyvinyl acetate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/20—Vinyl polymers
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C21/00—Apparatus or processes for surface soil stabilisation for road building or like purposes, e.g. mixing local aggregate with binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2103/00—Civil engineering use
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
A composition for chemical improvement of soil and road base materials including an aqueous solution of a water repellant and an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant is herein disclosed.
Description
METHOD AND COMPOSITION FOR MODIFYING
SOIL AND DUST CONTROL
1. Background of the Invention A. Field of Invention [0001] This invention generally relates to methods and compositions for improving the strength and longevity of secondary roadways through environmentally sound practices; specifically, improved dust suppression, soil stabilization, and water repellency.
B. Description of the Related Art [0002] The engineering and construction of secondary roads (hereafter, "gravel roads," "earth roads," or "unpaved roads") has been perpetually plagued by two interrelated problems: the deterioration of the road due to water, and the loss of surface cohesion and road compaction due to traffic. The deleterious effects of water on roadways, in particular, are well documented in the prior art. In cold weather, moisture that penetrates a road's base layers freezes and rips cracks into the road substrate that seriously undermine the load bearing capacity and longevity of the roadway.
SOIL AND DUST CONTROL
1. Background of the Invention A. Field of Invention [0001] This invention generally relates to methods and compositions for improving the strength and longevity of secondary roadways through environmentally sound practices; specifically, improved dust suppression, soil stabilization, and water repellency.
B. Description of the Related Art [0002] The engineering and construction of secondary roads (hereafter, "gravel roads," "earth roads," or "unpaved roads") has been perpetually plagued by two interrelated problems: the deterioration of the road due to water, and the loss of surface cohesion and road compaction due to traffic. The deleterious effects of water on roadways, in particular, are well documented in the prior art. In cold weather, moisture that penetrates a road's base layers freezes and rips cracks into the road substrate that seriously undermine the load bearing capacity and longevity of the roadway.
[0003] Likewise, in milder weather, when water seeps into the road's base layers it results in softening and erosion that causes potholes that are an expensive and recurring problem. And if the potholes are not immediately repaired, they fill with water and further exacerbate the deterioration of the roadway.
[0004] The impact of water on secondary roads-such as rural roads, access roads, field and forestry roads, or mountain roads-is especially pronounced because the quality of the surfacing materials is lower than in an asphalt paved road, for example, and thus provides reduced surface protection from the elements. Additionally, because of capillary action, water also seeps into the road base from the sides and bottom of the road's base or sub-base.
Compared to sealed or "paved" roads, which require large machinery to pour concrete or to lay and smooth a bitumen-based surface, secondary unpaved roads are relatively easy and inexpensive to build. But unpaved roads require much more frequent maintenance-particularly after wet periods or when faced with increased traffic-and are generally prone to other problems not associated with paved roads.
Compared to sealed or "paved" roads, which require large machinery to pour concrete or to lay and smooth a bitumen-based surface, secondary unpaved roads are relatively easy and inexpensive to build. But unpaved roads require much more frequent maintenance-particularly after wet periods or when faced with increased traffic-and are generally prone to other problems not associated with paved roads.
[0005] For example, many secondary roads-of either an earth or gravel variety-utilize native soils, often in conjunction with gravel quarried from local resources, to create the road's sub-base and base layers. Unfortunately, native soils and gravel are not always of suitable quality, resulting in a road base with diminished physical and mechanical properties.
When secondary roads are constructed of poor road base materials, routine maintenance is not strictly employed, and the road is exposed to heavy moisture and/or traffic, the erosion of the road-due to damage to the road surface, sub-base, and base materials-is hastened.
When secondary roads are constructed of poor road base materials, routine maintenance is not strictly employed, and the road is exposed to heavy moisture and/or traffic, the erosion of the road-due to damage to the road surface, sub-base, and base materials-is hastened.
[0006] Defects in road surfaces are typically classified into two categories:
surface deterioration and surface deformation. While surface deterioration is related mostly to the quality of the surfacing materials and the way they respond to weather or traffic stresses, surface deformations often have combined causes that include both stresses to the road surface itself and other factors such as sub-base and base capacity and stability.
surface deterioration and surface deformation. While surface deterioration is related mostly to the quality of the surfacing materials and the way they respond to weather or traffic stresses, surface deformations often have combined causes that include both stresses to the road surface itself and other factors such as sub-base and base capacity and stability.
[0007] Surface deterioration is exemplified by "dust," the result of loss of fine binder material from road surfaces. Dust is a substantial problem for secondary roads, as the loss of these fine materials leads to other types of road distress such as loss of cohesion and compaction of the road fill material, and reduced capacity to maintain the requisite moisture in the road fill.
[0008] Surface deformations include ruts, corrugations, depressions, and potholes.
Ruts are longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths caused by high moisture content, inadequate strength in the subsurface soil or base, inadequate surface course thickness, or heavy traffic loads. Corrugating or "washboarding" is a series of ridges and depressions across the road surface caused by lack of surface cohesion. Depressions are localized low areas one or more inches below the surrounding road surfaces that are caused by settlement, excessive SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) moisture content, and/or improper drainage. Potholes are small depressions or voids in the road surface one or more inches deep which are caused by excessive moisture content, poor drainage, weak sub-base or base, poorly graded aggregate, or a combination of these factors.
Ruts are longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths caused by high moisture content, inadequate strength in the subsurface soil or base, inadequate surface course thickness, or heavy traffic loads. Corrugating or "washboarding" is a series of ridges and depressions across the road surface caused by lack of surface cohesion. Depressions are localized low areas one or more inches below the surrounding road surfaces that are caused by settlement, excessive SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) moisture content, and/or improper drainage. Potholes are small depressions or voids in the road surface one or more inches deep which are caused by excessive moisture content, poor drainage, weak sub-base or base, poorly graded aggregate, or a combination of these factors.
[0009] As such, the problems typically associated with secondary roads-both surface deterioration and deformation-are caused by: 1) the harmful effects of water and high moisture content, including settlement and erosion, on the road surface and base, 2) the lack of surface cohesion and resulting loss of road compaction caused by dust, and 3) the heavy traffic loads exerted on roads with weak or inadequate soil, sub-base, or base.
[0010] Industry has provided for the addition of various chemical additives to impart water repellency on road materials, with varying degrees of success and environmental impact.
However, water repellant chemicals are not binders, and load bearing capacity and stability are not improved by their application to the soil or road base. In many cases, dust can also be reduced on gravel roads by applying chemical additives (commonly known in the art as "dust suppressors" or "dust retardants") which draw moisture from the air to improve fine aggregate cohesion. And "soil stabilizers," which are chemicals designed to act as binders and coalesce forming bonds between the soil or aggregate particles, have shown promise in greatly improving the load bearing and traffic capacity of the road. But existing soil stabilizers and dust retardants are difficult to apply and use in cold climates, tend to have long cure times, short life-cycles, and do not provide the requisite protection against water damage;
particularly excessive moisture content resulting from capillary action.
However, water repellant chemicals are not binders, and load bearing capacity and stability are not improved by their application to the soil or road base. In many cases, dust can also be reduced on gravel roads by applying chemical additives (commonly known in the art as "dust suppressors" or "dust retardants") which draw moisture from the air to improve fine aggregate cohesion. And "soil stabilizers," which are chemicals designed to act as binders and coalesce forming bonds between the soil or aggregate particles, have shown promise in greatly improving the load bearing and traffic capacity of the road. But existing soil stabilizers and dust retardants are difficult to apply and use in cold climates, tend to have long cure times, short life-cycles, and do not provide the requisite protection against water damage;
particularly excessive moisture content resulting from capillary action.
[0011] Therefore, a single chemical composition capable of resisting the aforementioned problems-by providing water repellency for reduced moisture content, dust retardant for improved surface cohesion, and soil stabilizers for improved load bearing and traffic capacity-would be of great utility in the field of art; particularly if the chemical composition could be applied in an economical and environmentally sound manner. Although road builders have long employed soil additives as a mechanism for preventing and avoiding surface deteriorations and deformations, formulating a combination of chemicals and a methodology for applying the chemical additives in a cost-effective manner has proved elusive.
Specifically, although various chemicals have been provided for binding road base materials together for improved strength and load bearing capacity and for repelling water from the road SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) surface, previous efforts have thus far failed to provide an environmentally appropriate solution to the secondary road erosion and maintenance issues that have long plagued the art. Thus, there is a need in the art for improved compositions that provide extraordinary increases in load bearing capacity, outstanding dust retardant capabilities, superior water repellant properties, and can be administered in a single application phase.
Such an improved composition could provide an engineered stabilized water repellant road base and surface topping for earth or gravel roads; or, it could prepare a road sub-base or base for chip sealing, paving, or milling applications.
Specifically, although various chemicals have been provided for binding road base materials together for improved strength and load bearing capacity and for repelling water from the road SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) surface, previous efforts have thus far failed to provide an environmentally appropriate solution to the secondary road erosion and maintenance issues that have long plagued the art. Thus, there is a need in the art for improved compositions that provide extraordinary increases in load bearing capacity, outstanding dust retardant capabilities, superior water repellant properties, and can be administered in a single application phase.
Such an improved composition could provide an engineered stabilized water repellant road base and surface topping for earth or gravel roads; or, it could prepare a road sub-base or base for chip sealing, paving, or milling applications.
[0012] Repairing damaged roadways by conventional methods can be extremely expensive, time consuming, and environmentally disruptive because the entire compacted gravel layer of the road must be replaced. Excavating the roadbed of a 1-km portion of road measuring 4 in in width produces about 2000 cubic meters (m3) of earthy waste; in a conventional road bed repair project, this would require roughly 220 truckloads of waste to be removed from the worksite, with 220 truckloads of new gravel being shipped back the worksite to complete the project. In isolated locations, or locations with difficult terrain, the expense of removing and later replacing the gravel is exorbitant-as is the impact on local residents (who must cope with noise and air pollution), normal users of the roadway (who experience detours or extended delays during repair), and the landfills that store the removed waste.
[0013] As a result, there is a need in the art for a single phase chemical treatment method that incorporates soil stabilization, dust retardant, and water repellant chemicals into native soils. With such a single phase treatment option, road builders will be able improve the longevity of the roadway, impart increased load bearing and traffic capacity, and reduce the time, costs, and environmental impact associated with conventional road repair projects.
II. Brief Description of the Drawings [0014] At least one embodiment of the invention is set forth in the following description and is shown in the drawings and is particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
II. Brief Description of the Drawings [0014] At least one embodiment of the invention is set forth in the following description and is shown in the drawings and is particularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appended claims.
[0015] FIGURE 1 shows a pulvimixer;
[0016] FIGURE 2 shows a side view of the pulvimixer, wherein the soil or road base materials are being pulverized, sprayed, and mixed with the chemical composition of the present invention.
[0017] FIGURE 3 shows a perspective view of the pulvimixer;
[0018] FIGURE 4 shows a graph showing additive impact on dry strength;
[0019] FIGURE 5 shows a graph showing dry strength; and, [0020] FIGURE 6 shows a graph showing wet strength.
III. Summary [0021] Accordingly, several objects and advantages of the present invention are the provision of a single chemical soil or road base material improvement composition that imparts extraordinary dust control, soil stabilization, and water repellency properties onto native soils or other road base materials.
III. Summary [0021] Accordingly, several objects and advantages of the present invention are the provision of a single chemical soil or road base material improvement composition that imparts extraordinary dust control, soil stabilization, and water repellency properties onto native soils or other road base materials.
[0022] Additionally, the present invention provides a method for a single application phase treatment of soil or road base materials characterized by reduced cure time, decreased road construction time, reduced environmental impact (by virtue of reduced construction waste and traffic), a wider range of effective use temperatures, a long life cycle, and a stronger more dust resistant roadway.
[0023] Other benefits and advantages will become apparent to those skilled in the art to which it pertains upon reading and understanding of the following detailed specification.
IV. Detailed Description [0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for improving the properties of soil or other road base materials is provided. Specifically, a blended mixture of the chemical composition detailed below is capable of improving the dust retardant, water repellant, and soil stabilization properties of soil or other road base materials. Incorporating the chemical improvement composition into soil, or other road base materials, and then compacting, provides superior resistance to surface deformations and deterioration by increasing the load-bearing strength-in some cases, as much as 500%-of the roadway, greatly reducing dust caused by traffic or weather, and eliminating 5a capillary water uptake that results in moisture damage to the road. This invention is an improvement over traditional methods because it provides a composition that can be applied in a single application phase, under a wide range of ambient temperatures and conditions, to resolve all of the above problems in the field of art.
IV. Detailed Description [0024] In one embodiment of the present invention, a composition for improving the properties of soil or other road base materials is provided. Specifically, a blended mixture of the chemical composition detailed below is capable of improving the dust retardant, water repellant, and soil stabilization properties of soil or other road base materials. Incorporating the chemical improvement composition into soil, or other road base materials, and then compacting, provides superior resistance to surface deformations and deterioration by increasing the load-bearing strength-in some cases, as much as 500%-of the roadway, greatly reducing dust caused by traffic or weather, and eliminating 5a capillary water uptake that results in moisture damage to the road. This invention is an improvement over traditional methods because it provides a composition that can be applied in a single application phase, under a wide range of ambient temperatures and conditions, to resolve all of the above problems in the field of art.
[0025] The composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials is comprised of an aqueous solution of a water repellant in combination with an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant. In one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can include an aqueous solution of a water repellant that comprises about 1.0% to about 5.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5) of potassium hydroxide; about 10.0% to about 30.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 65.0% to about 89.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, and 89) of water. In yet another embodiment of the invention, instead of the aforementioned potassium methylsiliconate, the aqueous solution of a water repellant comprises about 10.0% to about 30.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30) of sodium methylsiliconate.
[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can include a dust suppression and/or soil stabilization composition that is an aqueous emulsion comprising about 5.0% to about 60.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate and 40.0% to about 95.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90) of water. It is to be understood that this embodiment could consist of straight acrylic, straight polyvinyl acetate or an SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), all in blends, copolymers, or homopolymers.
[0026] In one embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can include a dust suppression and/or soil stabilization composition that is an aqueous emulsion comprising about 5.0% to about 60.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59 and 60) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate and 40.0% to about 95.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, and 90) of water. It is to be understood that this embodiment could consist of straight acrylic, straight polyvinyl acetate or an SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), all in blends, copolymers, or homopolymers.
[0027] In another embodiment of the invention, the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can comprise about 2.5% to about 30.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer; about.5% to about 2.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 0.8, 0.9, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, and 2.5) of potassium hydroxide; about 5.0% to about 15.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 52.5% to about 92.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 52.5, 52.6, 52.7, 52.8, 52.9, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, and 92) of water.
[00281 In yet another embodiment of the invention, the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can comprise about 3.75% to about 45.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.79, 3.8, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer; about .25% to about 1.25% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, and 1.25) of potassium hydroxide; about 2.5% to about 7.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 46.25% to about 93.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 46.25, 46.26, 46.27, 46.28, 46.29, 46.3, 46.4, 46.5, 46.6, 46.7, 46.8, 46.9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93.0, 93.1, 93.2, 93.3, 93.4, and 93.5) of water.
100291 In still another embodiment of the invention, the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can comprise about 1.25% to about 15.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer; about .75% to about 3.75% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79'.8'.9' 1, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.70, 3.71, 3.72, 3.73, 3.74, and 3.75) of potassium hydroxide;
about 7.5% to about 22.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, and 22.5) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 58.75% to about 90.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 58.75, 58.76, 58.77, 58.78, 58.79, 58.8, 58.9, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90.0, 90.1, 90.2, 90.3, 90.4, and 90.5) of water. It is to be understood that this embodiment could comprise mixtures, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) copolymers, or homopolymers of acrylics, polyvinyl acetates, styrene butadiene rubbers, and styrene acrylics.
[0030] In still other embodiments of the present invention, the dust suppression and/or soil stabilization portion of the composition can also include an emulsifier. Furthermore, in certain embodiments of the invention, the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate can comprise a mixture of homopolymers, or can comprise one or more copolymers.
Some embodiments may include styrene butadiene rubber and related compositions, copolymers, and/or derivatives thereof. The chemical compositions described above are manufactured using conventional manufacturing equipment. Conventional mixers, emulsifiers, or colloid mills are utilized to blend these components into stable heterogeneous mixers or emulsions.
[0031] According to embodiments where the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate components comprise homopolymers, the homopolymer components can be present in ratios from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of polyacrylic acid to polyvinyl acetate; or, from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of polyvinyl acetate to polyacrylic acid.
[0032] According to embodiments where the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate components comprise one or more copolymers, the copolymers can comprise random copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers and the like or any combination thereof.
Furthermore, the ratio of acrylic acid units to vinyl acetate units within a copolymer can comprise from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of acrylic acid units to vinyl acetate units;
or, from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of vinyl acetate units to acrylic acid units.
[0033] Regardless of whether the embodiment comprises homopolymers and/or copolymers, each polymer component can be present in a wide variety of molecular weights and polydispersities thereof. For instance, suitable molecular weight ranges can comprise from about 103 to about 104 g/mol, from about 104 to about 10' g/mol, from about 105 to about 106 g/mol, from about 106 to about 107 g/mol, from about 107 to about 108 g/mol, from about 108 to about 109 g/mol, or even from about 109 to about 1010 g/mol. Here, as elsewhere in the specification and claims, ranges may be combined. Furthermore, the foregoing molecular weight ranges can be calculated according to any method known in the art including, without limitation, weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight. One of SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) skill in the art will recognize that the numerical value of a polymer molecular weight differs according to the calculation method.
[0034] A composition according to the aforementioned embodiments can comprise a dust suppression, soil stabilization, and/or water repellant composition that can, for instance, be applied to unpaved road surfaces (either soil, earth, dirt, gravel, or other conventional aggregate substances). Such compositions may decrease the amount of dust caused by wind erosion or generated by vehicles operating on the unpaved surface. Other embodiments can alternatively or additionally comprise a soil stabilization composition that increases the California Bearing Ratio (CBR value) and R-value of the soil or road base. In still other embodiments, the composition can alternatively or additionally comprise a water repellant component that eliminates, or greatly reduces, capillary water uptake into road surfaces, bases, and sub-bases.
Accordingly, such compositions can increase the weight-bearing capacity of an unpaved road surface, prevent erosion thereof, prevent water uptake thereof, or otherwise enhance the mechanical characteristics of the soil to which it is applied.
[0035] In several embodiments of the present invention, methods for improving soil or road base materials are provided. In one embodiment, a heterogeneous mixture of an aqueous solution of a water repellant and aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant-according to the various chemical embodiments described above-is provided and applied to soil or road base materials (thereafter, "treated soil or road base materials"). As used in this patent application, the term "soil" is broadly used to describe the top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter (also known as, by non-limiting reference, earth or dirt); whether originally located at the road construction site ("native soil" or "in situ soil") or transported to the road construction site. As used in this patent application, the phrase "road base materials" is broadly used to describe any substance from which a road surface, base, or sub-base could be constructed; including, but certainly not limited to by this non-limiting reference, rock, broken rock, gravel (whether pebble, granule, or other size or mixture), sand, cobble, slag, or other construction aggregate or fill material. In these embodiments, the material being treated is graded prior to application.
Soil high in organic matter, because it is not cohesive, creates some difficulties establishing the reaction necessary to render the soil hydrophobic. The manner of composition application can include any method chosen with sound engineering judgment; but in most instances, application of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) chemical agent to the soil is accomplished by the use of conventional spray equipment (spray trucks). The agent is gravity fed or pumped through hoses, spray nozzles, or fixed sprayers and evenly applied to the soil or material to be treated.
[0036] In some embodiments of the invention, the soil or road base materials are scarified (ripped open)-in this embodiment, to a depth of about 4-6 inches (10.16 cm -15.24 cm)-by conventional road construction graders (particularly graders with rake attachments) prior to application of the soil or road base material chemical improvement composition. This has the effect of allowing the composition to penetrate and permeate the soil or road base material to a greater degree. Once applied, the composition penetrates into the soil or road base materials where particle weighting and loading mechanisms achieved through the processes of adsorption, prompt adherence of molecules to the surface of particles and absorption and penetration of the substance into the inner structure of the particles. The water repellant portion of the composition reacts with minerals in the soil or road base materials and rapidly forms a hydrophobic silicone resin network that does not close pores in the substances, but rather permits the road to "breathe" in spite of water repellant properties. During the inventive process, evaporation of water occurs. The polymers of the aqueous acrylic polymer emulsion coalesce and form an intimate bond with the soil upon evaporation of the water. The sodium silicate and potassium silicate in water uses cohesion of the soil particles to form discrete hydrophobic silicone networks.
[0037] In one embodiment of the invention, the treated soil or road base materials are graded and compacted, using any means chosen with sound engineering judgment, and a top coat of the composition is applied. Motor-graders, asphalt grinders, mixers, pug mills, compactors, rollers, and other conventional construction equipment may be utilized to blend, set grade, and compact stabilized base, if necessary, as described in herein. A
top coat is defined broadly as any application of the soil or road base materials chemical improvement composition that is applied after compaction.
[0038] In one embodiment, penetration is dramatically improved by mechanically mixing the chemical composition into soil or road base materials during the application step.
The mechanical mixing process can include, but is not limited to, the use of a specialized machine called a "pulvimixer" (The pulvimixer consists of an engine which directly drives a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) toothed rotor, whose teeth are replaced when they are damaged. In one embodiment, the rotor is horizontal and turns at a rate of 100 to 200 rpm in the opposite direction to the machine's direction of travel and digs into the soil to depth of 500 mm, mixing the binder (enhanced polymers) thoroughly with the clays or silts that make up the soil. This technique allows soils to be exploited structurally). The pulvimixer mechanically mixes the composition with the soil or road base materials by simultaneously: 1) scarifying the soil or road base materials, which when accomplished by a pulvimixer can additionally include breaking up (pulverizing) large pieces of stone or road topping in a mixing chamber; (2) applying the chemical improvement composition; (3) thoroughly mixing the chemical improvement composition with the pulverized soil or road base material; and (4) grading the treated soil or road base material. This single application phase method prepares the treated soil or road base material-which is now a thoroughly mixed, homogeneous, well-graded roadbed-for leveling and compaction. In some embodiments of the invention, a top coat is then applied to the mechanically mixed and compacted soil or road base materials. In other embodiments, a surface course is applied to the compacted soil or road base materials prior to application of the top coat. A
surface course can include any combination of road surface materials used in the art; including, but not limited to, asphalt concrete and bituminous surface treatments such as chip seal.
[0039] Effective application amounts of some embodiments can comprise from about 1 liter per cubic meter of soil (i.e. 1 LIm3) to about 10 L/m3, from about 10 L/m3 to about 20 L/m3, from about 20 L/m3 to about 30 L/m3, from about 30 L/m3 to about 40 L/m3, from about 40 L/m3 to about 50 L/m3, from about 50 L/m3 to about 60 L/m3, from about 60 L/m3 to about 70 L/m3, from about 70 L/m3 to about 80 L/m3, from about 80 L/m3 to about 90 L/m3, from about 90 L/m3 to about 100 L/m3, or even greater than 100 LIm3.
[0040] The proper application of the chemical compositions for improvement of soil or road base materials of the present invention, particularly using the methodologies described above, greatly improves the load bearing strength of unpaved roads, makes them virtually resistant to the damaging effects of capillary water uptake and water erosion, and provides superior dust retardant properties-under a wider range of effective application and use temperatures-than any composition in the prior art. Moreover, the chemical compositions described and claimed herein can be applied in a single phase to native soils, and due to reduced SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) cure times the result is decreased road construction time, reduced environmental impact (by virtue of reduced construction waste and traffic), and a longer life cycle.
[00411 With reference now to FIGURES 4-6, standard lab mix of well graded limestone was used to prepare all unconfined compressive strength (UCS) cores.
All samples were prepared using standard lab practices for making UCS cores. All samples were dried at 104 F (219 C) for 48 hours. Dry UCS cores were broken after six hours at room temperature.
Wet UCS cores were broken after 48 hour soak in room temperature tap water, immediately after removal from water bath. Standard UCS cores are typically three inches (7.62 cm) in diameter and compacted to a four inch (10.16 cm) depth. Application rates of polymer (PBs) are based on surface area. In these embodiments, Water Armour TM (a sodium silicate and potassium silicate in water) was applied at a rate of 8L/m3 on all samples. In FIGURE 4 the graph shows the impact of the addition of each of the additives, alone and together, on the UCS
strength of standard limestone. The Water ArmourTM alone has a negative impact on the strength of the cohesive limestone mix. The addition of polymer alone and polymer and Water ArmourTM substantially increase the UCS values.
[00421 In FIGURE 5, the graph shows that the addition of Water ArmourTM to the polymer has a negligible impact on the strength of the polymer/limestone mix alone. In FIGURE 6, the graph shows that the addition of Water ArmourTM has a positive impact on the wet strength of the polymer/limestone mix. Testing shows at least a 17%
increase in wet strength. Below is a table showing the results of the tests on the graphs.
[00431 TABLE 1 Dry SS/WA Wet SS/WA
1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 Avg.: 7253 2488 1607 2195 462 366 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) SS - Soil Sement (an aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate polymer emulsion WA - Water ArmourTM
[0044] TABLE 2 Dry SS 40% Wet SS 40%
solids solids I gallon/10 ftz 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 f 1 gallon/100 ft2 Avg.: 7838 2028 1678 814 381 261 [0045] Along with the testing shown in Tables 1 and 2, a control of water only was also run at 1 gallon per 10 square feet, with a result of 1050. Also, a control of 8L of Water ArmourTM was also run with a result of 166.
[0046] In one example, aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate polymer emulsion was mixed and blended with the soil. A container had 3200 gallons (12,113 liters) of the emulsion diluted to 11 to 1 with water. The scarified road was very dry through the entire 6-8 inch (15.24 cm -20.32 cm) depth. The emulsion soaked into the material. Another coat was applied, which soaked in even slower. The following day, the first section of looked good.
The ruts were almost not visible. A total of 550 gallons (2082 liters) had been applied to this first section, which was the 40% solids section. A second section was the 50% solids section, which was also 250m X 4.5m. This section had 605 gallons (2290 liters) applied at 50%.
[0047] On the second day, sections 1 and 2 looked good after light traffic.
Both sections appeared still at least damp, but held firm. A third section would have both the emulsion and Water ArmourTM applied. This section was 100m x 4.5 in and was 6 inches (15.24 cm) deep. Approximately 100 gallons (376liters) of Water ArmourTM was mixed with SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 275 gallons (1041 liters) of the emulsion and filled the rest of the 3200 gallon (12,113 liters) tank with water. This was applied to the material. When it was dry a second coat was applied.
Material was very tight and had an even, white sheen.
[0048] The embodiments have been described, hereinabove. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above methods and apparatuses may incorporate changes and modifications without departing from the general scope of this invention. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. Although the description above contains much specificity, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the present embodiments of this invention.
Various other embodiments and ramifications are possible within its scope.
[0049] Furthermore, notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0050] Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed:
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
[00281 In yet another embodiment of the invention, the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can comprise about 3.75% to about 45.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 3.75, 3.76, 3.77, 3.78, 3.79, 3.8, 3.9, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer; about .25% to about 1.25% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.25, 0.26, 0.27, 0.28, 0.29, .3, .4, .5, .6, .7, .8, .9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.20, 1.21, 1.22, 1.23, 1.24, and 1.25) of potassium hydroxide; about 2.5% to about 7.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, and 7.5) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 46.25% to about 93.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 46.25, 46.26, 46.27, 46.28, 46.29, 46.3, 46.4, 46.5, 46.6, 46.7, 46.8, 46.9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93.0, 93.1, 93.2, 93.3, 93.4, and 93.5) of water.
100291 In still another embodiment of the invention, the composition for chemical improvement of soil or road base materials can comprise about 1.25% to about 15.0% by weight (including, but not limited to, 1.25, 1.26, 1.27, 1.28, 1.29, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15) of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer; about .75% to about 3.75% by weight (including, but not limited to, 0.75, 0.76, 0.77, 0.78, 0.79'.8'.9' 1, 2, 3, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 3.70, 3.71, 3.72, 3.73, 3.74, and 3.75) of potassium hydroxide;
about 7.5% to about 22.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 7.8, 7.9, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22.0, 22.1, 22.2, 22.3, 22.4, and 22.5) of potassium methylsiliconate; and about 58.75% to about 90.5% by weight (including, but not limited to, 58.75, 58.76, 58.77, 58.78, 58.79, 58.8, 58.9, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90.0, 90.1, 90.2, 90.3, 90.4, and 90.5) of water. It is to be understood that this embodiment could comprise mixtures, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) copolymers, or homopolymers of acrylics, polyvinyl acetates, styrene butadiene rubbers, and styrene acrylics.
[0030] In still other embodiments of the present invention, the dust suppression and/or soil stabilization portion of the composition can also include an emulsifier. Furthermore, in certain embodiments of the invention, the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate can comprise a mixture of homopolymers, or can comprise one or more copolymers.
Some embodiments may include styrene butadiene rubber and related compositions, copolymers, and/or derivatives thereof. The chemical compositions described above are manufactured using conventional manufacturing equipment. Conventional mixers, emulsifiers, or colloid mills are utilized to blend these components into stable heterogeneous mixers or emulsions.
[0031] According to embodiments where the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate components comprise homopolymers, the homopolymer components can be present in ratios from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of polyacrylic acid to polyvinyl acetate; or, from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of polyvinyl acetate to polyacrylic acid.
[0032] According to embodiments where the polyacrylic acid and/or polyvinyl acetate components comprise one or more copolymers, the copolymers can comprise random copolymers, block copolymers, graft copolymers and the like or any combination thereof.
Furthermore, the ratio of acrylic acid units to vinyl acetate units within a copolymer can comprise from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of acrylic acid units to vinyl acetate units;
or, from about 1:1 to about 1:10,000 by mass of vinyl acetate units to acrylic acid units.
[0033] Regardless of whether the embodiment comprises homopolymers and/or copolymers, each polymer component can be present in a wide variety of molecular weights and polydispersities thereof. For instance, suitable molecular weight ranges can comprise from about 103 to about 104 g/mol, from about 104 to about 10' g/mol, from about 105 to about 106 g/mol, from about 106 to about 107 g/mol, from about 107 to about 108 g/mol, from about 108 to about 109 g/mol, or even from about 109 to about 1010 g/mol. Here, as elsewhere in the specification and claims, ranges may be combined. Furthermore, the foregoing molecular weight ranges can be calculated according to any method known in the art including, without limitation, weight average molecular weight and number average molecular weight. One of SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) skill in the art will recognize that the numerical value of a polymer molecular weight differs according to the calculation method.
[0034] A composition according to the aforementioned embodiments can comprise a dust suppression, soil stabilization, and/or water repellant composition that can, for instance, be applied to unpaved road surfaces (either soil, earth, dirt, gravel, or other conventional aggregate substances). Such compositions may decrease the amount of dust caused by wind erosion or generated by vehicles operating on the unpaved surface. Other embodiments can alternatively or additionally comprise a soil stabilization composition that increases the California Bearing Ratio (CBR value) and R-value of the soil or road base. In still other embodiments, the composition can alternatively or additionally comprise a water repellant component that eliminates, or greatly reduces, capillary water uptake into road surfaces, bases, and sub-bases.
Accordingly, such compositions can increase the weight-bearing capacity of an unpaved road surface, prevent erosion thereof, prevent water uptake thereof, or otherwise enhance the mechanical characteristics of the soil to which it is applied.
[0035] In several embodiments of the present invention, methods for improving soil or road base materials are provided. In one embodiment, a heterogeneous mixture of an aqueous solution of a water repellant and aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant-according to the various chemical embodiments described above-is provided and applied to soil or road base materials (thereafter, "treated soil or road base materials"). As used in this patent application, the term "soil" is broadly used to describe the top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter (also known as, by non-limiting reference, earth or dirt); whether originally located at the road construction site ("native soil" or "in situ soil") or transported to the road construction site. As used in this patent application, the phrase "road base materials" is broadly used to describe any substance from which a road surface, base, or sub-base could be constructed; including, but certainly not limited to by this non-limiting reference, rock, broken rock, gravel (whether pebble, granule, or other size or mixture), sand, cobble, slag, or other construction aggregate or fill material. In these embodiments, the material being treated is graded prior to application.
Soil high in organic matter, because it is not cohesive, creates some difficulties establishing the reaction necessary to render the soil hydrophobic. The manner of composition application can include any method chosen with sound engineering judgment; but in most instances, application of the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) chemical agent to the soil is accomplished by the use of conventional spray equipment (spray trucks). The agent is gravity fed or pumped through hoses, spray nozzles, or fixed sprayers and evenly applied to the soil or material to be treated.
[0036] In some embodiments of the invention, the soil or road base materials are scarified (ripped open)-in this embodiment, to a depth of about 4-6 inches (10.16 cm -15.24 cm)-by conventional road construction graders (particularly graders with rake attachments) prior to application of the soil or road base material chemical improvement composition. This has the effect of allowing the composition to penetrate and permeate the soil or road base material to a greater degree. Once applied, the composition penetrates into the soil or road base materials where particle weighting and loading mechanisms achieved through the processes of adsorption, prompt adherence of molecules to the surface of particles and absorption and penetration of the substance into the inner structure of the particles. The water repellant portion of the composition reacts with minerals in the soil or road base materials and rapidly forms a hydrophobic silicone resin network that does not close pores in the substances, but rather permits the road to "breathe" in spite of water repellant properties. During the inventive process, evaporation of water occurs. The polymers of the aqueous acrylic polymer emulsion coalesce and form an intimate bond with the soil upon evaporation of the water. The sodium silicate and potassium silicate in water uses cohesion of the soil particles to form discrete hydrophobic silicone networks.
[0037] In one embodiment of the invention, the treated soil or road base materials are graded and compacted, using any means chosen with sound engineering judgment, and a top coat of the composition is applied. Motor-graders, asphalt grinders, mixers, pug mills, compactors, rollers, and other conventional construction equipment may be utilized to blend, set grade, and compact stabilized base, if necessary, as described in herein. A
top coat is defined broadly as any application of the soil or road base materials chemical improvement composition that is applied after compaction.
[0038] In one embodiment, penetration is dramatically improved by mechanically mixing the chemical composition into soil or road base materials during the application step.
The mechanical mixing process can include, but is not limited to, the use of a specialized machine called a "pulvimixer" (The pulvimixer consists of an engine which directly drives a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) toothed rotor, whose teeth are replaced when they are damaged. In one embodiment, the rotor is horizontal and turns at a rate of 100 to 200 rpm in the opposite direction to the machine's direction of travel and digs into the soil to depth of 500 mm, mixing the binder (enhanced polymers) thoroughly with the clays or silts that make up the soil. This technique allows soils to be exploited structurally). The pulvimixer mechanically mixes the composition with the soil or road base materials by simultaneously: 1) scarifying the soil or road base materials, which when accomplished by a pulvimixer can additionally include breaking up (pulverizing) large pieces of stone or road topping in a mixing chamber; (2) applying the chemical improvement composition; (3) thoroughly mixing the chemical improvement composition with the pulverized soil or road base material; and (4) grading the treated soil or road base material. This single application phase method prepares the treated soil or road base material-which is now a thoroughly mixed, homogeneous, well-graded roadbed-for leveling and compaction. In some embodiments of the invention, a top coat is then applied to the mechanically mixed and compacted soil or road base materials. In other embodiments, a surface course is applied to the compacted soil or road base materials prior to application of the top coat. A
surface course can include any combination of road surface materials used in the art; including, but not limited to, asphalt concrete and bituminous surface treatments such as chip seal.
[0039] Effective application amounts of some embodiments can comprise from about 1 liter per cubic meter of soil (i.e. 1 LIm3) to about 10 L/m3, from about 10 L/m3 to about 20 L/m3, from about 20 L/m3 to about 30 L/m3, from about 30 L/m3 to about 40 L/m3, from about 40 L/m3 to about 50 L/m3, from about 50 L/m3 to about 60 L/m3, from about 60 L/m3 to about 70 L/m3, from about 70 L/m3 to about 80 L/m3, from about 80 L/m3 to about 90 L/m3, from about 90 L/m3 to about 100 L/m3, or even greater than 100 LIm3.
[0040] The proper application of the chemical compositions for improvement of soil or road base materials of the present invention, particularly using the methodologies described above, greatly improves the load bearing strength of unpaved roads, makes them virtually resistant to the damaging effects of capillary water uptake and water erosion, and provides superior dust retardant properties-under a wider range of effective application and use temperatures-than any composition in the prior art. Moreover, the chemical compositions described and claimed herein can be applied in a single phase to native soils, and due to reduced SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) cure times the result is decreased road construction time, reduced environmental impact (by virtue of reduced construction waste and traffic), and a longer life cycle.
[00411 With reference now to FIGURES 4-6, standard lab mix of well graded limestone was used to prepare all unconfined compressive strength (UCS) cores.
All samples were prepared using standard lab practices for making UCS cores. All samples were dried at 104 F (219 C) for 48 hours. Dry UCS cores were broken after six hours at room temperature.
Wet UCS cores were broken after 48 hour soak in room temperature tap water, immediately after removal from water bath. Standard UCS cores are typically three inches (7.62 cm) in diameter and compacted to a four inch (10.16 cm) depth. Application rates of polymer (PBs) are based on surface area. In these embodiments, Water Armour TM (a sodium silicate and potassium silicate in water) was applied at a rate of 8L/m3 on all samples. In FIGURE 4 the graph shows the impact of the addition of each of the additives, alone and together, on the UCS
strength of standard limestone. The Water ArmourTM alone has a negative impact on the strength of the cohesive limestone mix. The addition of polymer alone and polymer and Water ArmourTM substantially increase the UCS values.
[00421 In FIGURE 5, the graph shows that the addition of Water ArmourTM to the polymer has a negligible impact on the strength of the polymer/limestone mix alone. In FIGURE 6, the graph shows that the addition of Water ArmourTM has a positive impact on the wet strength of the polymer/limestone mix. Testing shows at least a 17%
increase in wet strength. Below is a table showing the results of the tests on the graphs.
[00431 TABLE 1 Dry SS/WA Wet SS/WA
1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 Avg.: 7253 2488 1607 2195 462 366 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) SS - Soil Sement (an aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate polymer emulsion WA - Water ArmourTM
[0044] TABLE 2 Dry SS 40% Wet SS 40%
solids solids I gallon/10 ftz 1 gallon/50 ft2 1 gallon/100 ft2 1 gallon/10 ft2 1 gallon/50 f 1 gallon/100 ft2 Avg.: 7838 2028 1678 814 381 261 [0045] Along with the testing shown in Tables 1 and 2, a control of water only was also run at 1 gallon per 10 square feet, with a result of 1050. Also, a control of 8L of Water ArmourTM was also run with a result of 166.
[0046] In one example, aqueous acrylic vinyl acetate polymer emulsion was mixed and blended with the soil. A container had 3200 gallons (12,113 liters) of the emulsion diluted to 11 to 1 with water. The scarified road was very dry through the entire 6-8 inch (15.24 cm -20.32 cm) depth. The emulsion soaked into the material. Another coat was applied, which soaked in even slower. The following day, the first section of looked good.
The ruts were almost not visible. A total of 550 gallons (2082 liters) had been applied to this first section, which was the 40% solids section. A second section was the 50% solids section, which was also 250m X 4.5m. This section had 605 gallons (2290 liters) applied at 50%.
[0047] On the second day, sections 1 and 2 looked good after light traffic.
Both sections appeared still at least damp, but held firm. A third section would have both the emulsion and Water ArmourTM applied. This section was 100m x 4.5 in and was 6 inches (15.24 cm) deep. Approximately 100 gallons (376liters) of Water ArmourTM was mixed with SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 275 gallons (1041 liters) of the emulsion and filled the rest of the 3200 gallon (12,113 liters) tank with water. This was applied to the material. When it was dry a second coat was applied.
Material was very tight and had an even, white sheen.
[0048] The embodiments have been described, hereinabove. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the above methods and apparatuses may incorporate changes and modifications without departing from the general scope of this invention. It is intended to include all such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof. Although the description above contains much specificity, this should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, but as merely providing illustrations of some of the present embodiments of this invention.
Various other embodiments and ramifications are possible within its scope.
[0049] Furthermore, notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as possible. Any numerical value, however, inherently contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0050] Having thus described the invention, it is now claimed:
SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26)
Claims (29)
1. A composition for chemical improvement of soil and road base materials, the composition comprising:
an aqueous solution of a water repellant comprising 0.25% to 5.0% by weight of potassium hydroxide; and an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant.
an aqueous solution of a water repellant comprising 0.25% to 5.0% by weight of potassium hydroxide; and an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water repellant further comprises 10.0% to 30.0% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein water repellant further comprises 65.0% to 89.0% by weight of water.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water repellant further comprises 10.0% to 30.0% by weight of sodium methylsiliconate.
5. The composition of claim 4, wherein the water repellant further comprises 65.0% to 89.0% by weight of water.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant comprises:
5.0% to 60.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid; and polyvinyl acetate.
5.0% to 60.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid; and polyvinyl acetate.
7. The composition of claim 6, wherein the aqueous emulsion further comprises 40.0% to 95.0% by weight of water.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein the composition further comprises an emulsifier.
9. The composition of claim 6, wherein the polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate comprises a mixture of homopolymers.
10. The composition of claim 9, wherein the polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate homopolymers are present in ratios from 1:1 to 1:10,000 by mass of polyacrylic acid to polyvinyl acetate.
11. The composition of claim 9, wherein the polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate homopolymers are present in ratios from 1:1 to 1:10,000 by mass of polyvinyl acetate to polyacrylic acid.
12. The composition of claim 6, wherein the polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate comprise a blend of copolymers.
13. The composition of claim 12, wherein the ratio of copolymer polyacrylic acid units and polyvinyl acetate units are from 1:1 to 1:10,000 by mass of polyacrylic acid units to polyvinyl acetate units.
14. The composition of claim 12, wherein the ratio of copolymer polyacrylic acid units and polyvinyl acetate units are from 1:1 to 1:10,000 by mass of polyvinyl acetate units to polyacrylic acid units.
15. The composition of claim 12, wherein the blend of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate copolymers includes styrene butadiene rubber.
16. The composition of claim 1, wherein the water repellant comprises:
2.5% to 30.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
0.5% to 2.5% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
5.0% to 15.0% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 52.5% to 92.0% by weight of water.
2.5% to 30.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
0.5% to 2.5% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
5.0% to 15.0% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 52.5% to 92.0% by weight of water.
17. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous emulsion comprises:
3.75% to 45.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
and the water repellant comprises:
0.25% to 1.25% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
2.5% to 7.5% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 46.25% to 93.5% by weight of water.
3.75% to 45.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
and the water repellant comprises:
0.25% to 1.25% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
2.5% to 7.5% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 46.25% to 93.5% by weight of water.
18. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous emulsion comprises:
1.25% to 15.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
and the water repellant comprises:
0.75% to 3.75% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
7.5% to 22.5% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 58.75% to 90.5% by weight of water.
1.25% to 15.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate polymer;
and the water repellant comprises:
0.75% to 3.75% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
7.5% to 22.5% by weight of potassium methylsiliconate; and 58.75% to 90.5% by weight of water.
19. The composition of claim 1, wherein the aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant comprises 0.1 % to 20.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate.
20. The composition of claim 19, wherein the composition further comprises 0.1 % to 40.0% by weight of water.
21. A method for improving soil or road base materials, comprising the steps of:
(A) providing a composition comprising a heterogeneous mixture of an aqueous solution of a water repellant and an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant, wherein the aqueous solution of the water repellant liquid comprises:
0.25% to 5.0% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
10.0% to 30.0% by weight of potassium methyl siliconate; and 65.0% to 89.0% by weight of water;
(B) applying the composition to soil or road base materials; and (C) allowing the composition to penetrate the soil or road base materials.
(A) providing a composition comprising a heterogeneous mixture of an aqueous solution of a water repellant and an aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant, wherein the aqueous solution of the water repellant liquid comprises:
0.25% to 5.0% by weight of potassium hydroxide;
10.0% to 30.0% by weight of potassium methyl siliconate; and 65.0% to 89.0% by weight of water;
(B) applying the composition to soil or road base materials; and (C) allowing the composition to penetrate the soil or road base materials.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the aqueous emulsion of a soil stabilizer and dust retardant comprises:
5.0% to 60.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate; and 40.0% to 95.0% by weight of water.
5.0% to 60.0% by weight of polyacrylic acid and polyvinyl acetate; and 40.0% to 95.0% by weight of water.
23. The method of claim 21, wherein step (B) further comprises scarifying the soil or road base materials before applying the composition to the soil or road base materials.
24. The method of claim 23, further comprising step:
(D) grading and compacting the treated soil or road base materials.
(D) grading and compacting the treated soil or road base materials.
25. The method of claim 24, further comprising step:
(E) applying a top coat of the composition.
(E) applying a top coat of the composition.
26. The method of claim 21, wherein step (B) further comprises mechanically mixing the composition with the soil or road base materials.
27. The method of claim 26, further comprising step:
(D) compacting the treated soil or road base materials.
(D) compacting the treated soil or road base materials.
28. The method of claim 27, further comprising step:
(E) applying a top coat of the composition.
(E) applying a top coat of the composition.
29. The method of claim 28, wherein step (E) further comprises applying a surface course to the soil or road base materials before applying a top coat of the composition.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US16523509P | 2009-03-31 | 2009-03-31 | |
| US61/165,235 | 2009-03-31 | ||
| US16904109P | 2009-04-14 | 2009-04-14 | |
| US61/169,041 | 2009-04-14 | ||
| US30922310P | 2010-03-01 | 2010-03-01 | |
| US61/309,223 | 2010-03-01 | ||
| US12/729,683 | 2010-03-23 | ||
| US12/729,683 US8033750B2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-23 | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control |
| PCT/US2010/028671 WO2010117658A2 (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2757042A1 CA2757042A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| CA2757042C true CA2757042C (en) | 2012-08-07 |
Family
ID=42936795
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2757042A Expired - Fee Related CA2757042C (en) | 2009-03-31 | 2010-03-25 | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2414483A4 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR101355717B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102365346B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR076744A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI1015456A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2757042C (en) |
| UY (1) | UY32542A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010117658A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8877089B2 (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2014-11-04 | Christopher Rider | Composition for chemical improvement of soil and road base materials |
| EP3048158A1 (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-07-27 | Guilford Holding SA | Composition used for treating soils |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2964999D1 (en) * | 1978-10-11 | 1983-04-14 | Prb Nv | Soil stabilizing composition |
| CH651059A5 (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1985-08-30 | Jean Paul Dorthe C O Fiduciair | Process for the treatment of a noncorrosive salt employed for combatting black ice |
| US5178668A (en) * | 1991-09-06 | 1993-01-12 | General Electric Company | Aqueous water repellent compositions |
| DE19510957A1 (en) * | 1995-03-25 | 1996-09-26 | Huels Chemische Werke Ag | Thickened soil stabilizer, as well as packaged ready mix for soil treatments containing it |
| US5670567A (en) * | 1995-04-03 | 1997-09-23 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals, Research Institute | Method and composition for stabilizing soil and process for making the same |
| DE19844654A1 (en) * | 1998-09-29 | 2000-03-30 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Process for the consolidation and waterproofing of soil materials |
| AU6327099A (en) * | 1998-10-30 | 2000-05-22 | Kjeld Holbek | Binder systems derived from amorphous silica and bases |
| EP1253178A1 (en) * | 2001-04-17 | 2002-10-30 | Vionnet, Jacques | Aqueous composition for the hydrophobisation of substrates |
| EP1532081B1 (en) * | 2002-06-06 | 2018-01-24 | Radi Al-Rashed | An aqueous chemical mixture to mitigate water associated problems in concrete pavements |
| GB2402389B (en) * | 2003-05-06 | 2006-08-30 | Triton Chemical Mfg Company Lt | Water-repellent compositions |
| US7288581B2 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2007-10-30 | Wacker Polymer Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg | Process for the stabilization of dusting surfaces |
| US20070135561A1 (en) * | 2005-12-08 | 2007-06-14 | Christian Rath | Method of dust abatement |
-
2010
- 2010-03-25 CN CN201080013973.9A patent/CN102365346B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-25 EP EP10762117.9A patent/EP2414483A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-03-25 WO PCT/US2010/028671 patent/WO2010117658A2/en active Application Filing
- 2010-03-25 BR BRPI1015456A patent/BRPI1015456A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-03-25 CA CA2757042A patent/CA2757042C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-03-25 KR KR1020117023111A patent/KR101355717B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2010-03-31 AR ARP100101043A patent/AR076744A1/en unknown
- 2010-04-05 UY UY0001032542A patent/UY32542A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010117658A2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| CN102365346B (en) | 2014-10-29 |
| EP2414483A4 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
| CA2757042A1 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
| EP2414483A2 (en) | 2012-02-08 |
| KR101355717B1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| KR20120003876A (en) | 2012-01-11 |
| BRPI1015456A2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
| UY32542A (en) | 2010-10-29 |
| AR076744A1 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
| CN102365346A (en) | 2012-02-29 |
| WO2010117658A3 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US8070383B2 (en) | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control | |
| US8070384B1 (en) | Dust suppression agent | |
| US8764339B2 (en) | Method and composition for road construction and surfacing | |
| US8702343B1 (en) | Method and composition for road construction and surfacing | |
| US8210769B2 (en) | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control | |
| CA2757042C (en) | Method and composition for modifying soil and dust control | |
| CA2761773A1 (en) | Dust suppression agent | |
| AU2013204085B2 (en) | Method and composition for road construction and surfacing |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20170327 |