CA2740627C - Software based system for control ofdevices - Google Patents
Software based system for control ofdevices Download PDFInfo
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- CA2740627C CA2740627C CA2740627A CA2740627A CA2740627C CA 2740627 C CA2740627 C CA 2740627C CA 2740627 A CA2740627 A CA 2740627A CA 2740627 A CA2740627 A CA 2740627A CA 2740627 C CA2740627 C CA 2740627C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/10—Controlling the intensity of the light
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/357—Driver circuits specially adapted for retrofit LED light sources
- H05B45/3574—Emulating the electrical or functional characteristics of incandescent lamps
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/395—Linear regulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
- H05B45/30—Driver circuits
- H05B45/37—Converter circuits
- H05B45/3725—Switched mode power supply [SMPS]
- H05B45/38—Switched mode power supply [SMPS] using boost topology
Abstract
A control system includes a plurality of audio/video and environmental devices, a server and a client system. Each one of said plurality of audio/video devices receives or sends an audio/video signal. The server is connected to each one of said plurality of audio/video devices and is configured to controllably receive and send audio/video signals to and from the plurality of audio/video devices. The server is connected to each one of said plurality of environmental devices and is configured to controllably operate the environmental devices. The client system is interoperable with the server and with a user of the client system through a user interface. At least one medical device may also be connected to communicate with said server. The user can control the plurality of audio/video and environmental devices through the client system and the server, and receive the audio/video signal outputted from any one of the plurality of audio/video and environmental devices.
Description
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE BULB
TECHNICAL FIELD
[00011 The invention relates generally to a Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulb, specifically although not exclusively to a LED bulb whose emitted light intensity can be varied.
BACKGROUND
100021 The use of LED bulbs to replace incandescent bulbs in 12V applications is gaining popularity in a large number of applications such as head lights in automobiles and other motor vehicles, as well as for indoor lighting within the home, work place, boats and recreational vehicles. Incandescent bulbs, including most halogen bulbs, consume a large amount of power, generate a large amount of heat and have a relatively short life. They provide only a warm white illumination. Conversely, LED bulbs consume less power, generate less heat and have a longer operating life, although they tend to be more expensive than incandescent bulbs.
[00031 For many applications, it is desirable to be able to vary the emitted light intensity of a LED bulb, for example between full brightness (bright) and a less bright (dim) intensity.
One way of doing this is by decreasing the forward current using variable resistors, voltage regulators, or LED drivers, for example.
100041 However, LEDs have a minimum voltage threshold at which the LED
illuminates.
They also have a range of safe current operation, above which they will overheat and burn.
These thresholds can vary between individual LEDs due to manufacturing differences. These differences are not usually visible at the recommended forward driving current but at lower currents some of the LEDs can stop illuminating entirely. Also, due to slight colour differences between LEDs and the LED emitted light intensity not being linear with current, the colour spectrum can shift at currents below full rating, which can result in some LEDs appearing a different colour. These unpredictable and non-uniform lighting effects are undesirable and particularly inappropriate for some applications such as vehicle head lights where a uniform appearance is required for safety. Also, as the emitted light intensity is not linear with current, the dimming effects are unpredictable and uncontrollable.
[0005] For LED light bulbs that use a resistor, such as a shunt resistor, to regulate the operating current in LED strings, the relationship between the emitted light intensity and current is more linear than with LED bulbs including drivers and regulators.
However, these bulbs are designed to operate at a fixed voltage, typically 12V. When the operating voltage varies or is not stable, which is often the case in automotive applications, the emitted light intensity varies accordingly. Also, these bulbs still have a minimum voltage threshold below which they cannot light up (which is under 8V for 3 LEDs connected in series) and they burn-out when the input voltage is higher than the one for which it is designed.
Therefore, these are not suitable for use in automotive applications such as in Recreational Vehicles where the voltage typically ranges from 6V to 16V (with 12V as typical voltage).
[0006] Another approach to varying the emitted light intensity of LED bulbs is pulse width modulation (PWM) which involves turning the LEDs on and off at a high frequency so that the human eye cannot see the strobing effect. The longer the `on' period relative to the `off period of the LED, the brighter the LED will appear. However, the LED circuits are complex and require a timer or an oscillator to control the on/off, which adds to the expense. Also, switching speeds need to exceed the response time of the human eye. Therefore, the power supply driving the LED must also operate at high frequencies. Finally, this kind of device tends to generate audible noises.
[0007] Therefore, there is a need for an improved LED bulb which overcomes or reduces at least some of the above described problems.
SUMMARY
[0008] The embodiments of the present invention reduce the difficulties and disadvantages
TECHNICAL FIELD
[00011 The invention relates generally to a Light Emitting Diode (LED) bulb, specifically although not exclusively to a LED bulb whose emitted light intensity can be varied.
BACKGROUND
100021 The use of LED bulbs to replace incandescent bulbs in 12V applications is gaining popularity in a large number of applications such as head lights in automobiles and other motor vehicles, as well as for indoor lighting within the home, work place, boats and recreational vehicles. Incandescent bulbs, including most halogen bulbs, consume a large amount of power, generate a large amount of heat and have a relatively short life. They provide only a warm white illumination. Conversely, LED bulbs consume less power, generate less heat and have a longer operating life, although they tend to be more expensive than incandescent bulbs.
[00031 For many applications, it is desirable to be able to vary the emitted light intensity of a LED bulb, for example between full brightness (bright) and a less bright (dim) intensity.
One way of doing this is by decreasing the forward current using variable resistors, voltage regulators, or LED drivers, for example.
100041 However, LEDs have a minimum voltage threshold at which the LED
illuminates.
They also have a range of safe current operation, above which they will overheat and burn.
These thresholds can vary between individual LEDs due to manufacturing differences. These differences are not usually visible at the recommended forward driving current but at lower currents some of the LEDs can stop illuminating entirely. Also, due to slight colour differences between LEDs and the LED emitted light intensity not being linear with current, the colour spectrum can shift at currents below full rating, which can result in some LEDs appearing a different colour. These unpredictable and non-uniform lighting effects are undesirable and particularly inappropriate for some applications such as vehicle head lights where a uniform appearance is required for safety. Also, as the emitted light intensity is not linear with current, the dimming effects are unpredictable and uncontrollable.
[0005] For LED light bulbs that use a resistor, such as a shunt resistor, to regulate the operating current in LED strings, the relationship between the emitted light intensity and current is more linear than with LED bulbs including drivers and regulators.
However, these bulbs are designed to operate at a fixed voltage, typically 12V. When the operating voltage varies or is not stable, which is often the case in automotive applications, the emitted light intensity varies accordingly. Also, these bulbs still have a minimum voltage threshold below which they cannot light up (which is under 8V for 3 LEDs connected in series) and they burn-out when the input voltage is higher than the one for which it is designed.
Therefore, these are not suitable for use in automotive applications such as in Recreational Vehicles where the voltage typically ranges from 6V to 16V (with 12V as typical voltage).
[0006] Another approach to varying the emitted light intensity of LED bulbs is pulse width modulation (PWM) which involves turning the LEDs on and off at a high frequency so that the human eye cannot see the strobing effect. The longer the `on' period relative to the `off period of the LED, the brighter the LED will appear. However, the LED circuits are complex and require a timer or an oscillator to control the on/off, which adds to the expense. Also, switching speeds need to exceed the response time of the human eye. Therefore, the power supply driving the LED must also operate at high frequencies. Finally, this kind of device tends to generate audible noises.
[0007] Therefore, there is a need for an improved LED bulb which overcomes or reduces at least some of the above described problems.
SUMMARY
[0008] The embodiments of the present invention reduce the difficulties and disadvantages
2 of the aforesaid designs and treatments.
[0009] From a first aspect, the present invention resides in a LED bulb comprising: a support having at least one LED mounted on a first side, the at least one LED
being electrically coupled to a circuit mounted on a second side of the support for driving the LED bulb at a first or a second light intensity level, the circuit comprising: input terminals connectable to a power supply for receiving an input voltage; a LED driver component for adjusting (e.g. boosting or reducing) the input voltage supplied to the at least one LED; a comparator circuit for detecting the input voltage and if above a threshold voltage closing a switch to drive the LED bulb at the first light intensity level.
[0010] When the input voltage is below the threshold voltage, but above a minimum required to light the at least one LED (minimum working voltage of the circuit), the switch may be completely or partially open and the LED bulb may thus be driven at the second light intensity level.
[0011] The present invention may present the advantage of, as the at least one LED and the circuit are mounted to either side of a support, providing the LED bulb as a single piece (one-piece) device. An exemplary additional advantage is that the support may be a printed circuit board. In this example, the LED bulb can be retrofitted into existing light bulb sockets without the need for adapters or additional hardware. The emitted light intensity of the LED
bulb may thus be controlled by existing light control switches such as three-position switches or variable dimming switches.
[0012] The LED bulb of the present invention may be operated on at least two emitted light intensity levels, which can be a full emitted brightness or a less intense emitted brightness level. In other words, the first light intensity may be a bright intensity level and the second light intensity may be a dim intensity level. The LED bulb may achieve a reproducible and a consistent brightness at each level, making the LED bulb appropriate for a large number of applications. It may also be possible for the LED bulb of the present invention to operate at further light intensity levels, for example between the bright and the dim intensity levels by use
[0009] From a first aspect, the present invention resides in a LED bulb comprising: a support having at least one LED mounted on a first side, the at least one LED
being electrically coupled to a circuit mounted on a second side of the support for driving the LED bulb at a first or a second light intensity level, the circuit comprising: input terminals connectable to a power supply for receiving an input voltage; a LED driver component for adjusting (e.g. boosting or reducing) the input voltage supplied to the at least one LED; a comparator circuit for detecting the input voltage and if above a threshold voltage closing a switch to drive the LED bulb at the first light intensity level.
[0010] When the input voltage is below the threshold voltage, but above a minimum required to light the at least one LED (minimum working voltage of the circuit), the switch may be completely or partially open and the LED bulb may thus be driven at the second light intensity level.
[0011] The present invention may present the advantage of, as the at least one LED and the circuit are mounted to either side of a support, providing the LED bulb as a single piece (one-piece) device. An exemplary additional advantage is that the support may be a printed circuit board. In this example, the LED bulb can be retrofitted into existing light bulb sockets without the need for adapters or additional hardware. The emitted light intensity of the LED
bulb may thus be controlled by existing light control switches such as three-position switches or variable dimming switches.
[0012] The LED bulb of the present invention may be operated on at least two emitted light intensity levels, which can be a full emitted brightness or a less intense emitted brightness level. In other words, the first light intensity may be a bright intensity level and the second light intensity may be a dim intensity level. The LED bulb may achieve a reproducible and a consistent brightness at each level, making the LED bulb appropriate for a large number of applications. It may also be possible for the LED bulb of the present invention to operate at further light intensity levels, for example between the bright and the dim intensity levels by use
3 of an appropriate light control switch. For example, if a three position switch is used, the LED
bulb may operate at a full brightness, a dim and an off mode. However, if a variable dimmer switch is used, the LED bulb may also operate at brightness levels between the full brightness and the dim level.
[0013] An optional preferred example connects the switch to a resistor, which is activated when the switch is closed. The switch may be a MOSFET.
[0014] In one exemplary application, such as in Recreational Vehicles, the input voltage is between 5V and 16V. The input voltage can be an AC or a DC supply.
[0015] The input terminals may be of any suitable size or shape to fit into existing sockets.
In one exemplary embodiment, the input terminals are a pair of pins. Other examples include a wedge, screw or a bayonet type terminal or connector.
[0016] The present invention may present the exemplary advantage of the LED
bulb being sized and shaped to fit into a socket suitable for receiving a G4-type bulb.
This means that the exemplary dimmable LED bulb of the present invention may be retrofitted into sockets for G4 bulbs without the need for adaptation or additional hardware.
[0017] The LED bulb may further comprise at least one diode for making the light bulb non-polarized or for converting an AC input voltage to a DC voltage, and at least one capacitor for filtering the input voltage.
[0018] An optional preferred example provides the at least one LED in an array of LEDs.
In one exemplary embodiment, the array of LEDs comprises two parallel rows of six LEDs, the six LEDs being connected in a series. However, the LED array may comprise a different arrangement or a different number of LEDs.
[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the comparator circuit includes a Zener diode
bulb may operate at a full brightness, a dim and an off mode. However, if a variable dimmer switch is used, the LED bulb may also operate at brightness levels between the full brightness and the dim level.
[0013] An optional preferred example connects the switch to a resistor, which is activated when the switch is closed. The switch may be a MOSFET.
[0014] In one exemplary application, such as in Recreational Vehicles, the input voltage is between 5V and 16V. The input voltage can be an AC or a DC supply.
[0015] The input terminals may be of any suitable size or shape to fit into existing sockets.
In one exemplary embodiment, the input terminals are a pair of pins. Other examples include a wedge, screw or a bayonet type terminal or connector.
[0016] The present invention may present the exemplary advantage of the LED
bulb being sized and shaped to fit into a socket suitable for receiving a G4-type bulb.
This means that the exemplary dimmable LED bulb of the present invention may be retrofitted into sockets for G4 bulbs without the need for adaptation or additional hardware.
[0017] The LED bulb may further comprise at least one diode for making the light bulb non-polarized or for converting an AC input voltage to a DC voltage, and at least one capacitor for filtering the input voltage.
[0018] An optional preferred example provides the at least one LED in an array of LEDs.
In one exemplary embodiment, the array of LEDs comprises two parallel rows of six LEDs, the six LEDs being connected in a series. However, the LED array may comprise a different arrangement or a different number of LEDs.
[0019] In one exemplary embodiment, the comparator circuit includes a Zener diode
4 connected in series with a resistor and the switch. In this exemplary embodiment, the threshold voltage is a function of the voltage of the Zener diode and is the voltage required to close the switch. In this exemplary embodiment, the threshold voltage is about 9.5V to close the switch for the first light intensity level, using a Zener diode with a working voltage of about 5.1 V. In this exemplary embodiment, the second light intensity level, which is dim, is operational between the working minimum voltage of the circuit and about 9.5V.
[0020] In another exemplary embodiment, the comparator circuit includes a comparator integrated circuit, and at least one reference resistor to create a reference voltage, wherein the comparator integrated circuit compares the input voltage to the reference voltage and closes the switch when the input voltage is above the threshold voltage. In this exemplary embodiment, the switch is a MOSFET and the threshold voltage for the first light intensity level is about 8.75V. The comparator integrated circuit may be powered by a Zener diode and a resistor, by a voltage regulator or directly on the input voltage.
[0021] The present invention may thus be directed to a LED bulb comprising a support, a LED driver component and a comparator circuit. The support has at least one LED mounted on a first side electrically coupled to a circuit mounted on a second side of the support for driving the LED bulb at a first or a second light intensity level. The circuit comprises input terminals connectable to a power supply for receiving an input voltage. The LED driver component is for adjusting the input voltage supplied to the at least one LED. The comparator circuit is for detecting the input voltage and, if above a threshold voltage, is for closing a switch to drive the LED bulb at the first light intensity level.
[0022] Optionally, the switch may be a MOSFET connected to a resistor, which is activated when the switch is closed. The first light intensity may be a bright intensity level and the second light intensity may be a dim intensity level. The input voltage may be between 5V
and 16V. The input terminals may be a pair of pins. The support may be a printed circuit board.
[0023] The LED bulb may also optionally comprise at least one diode for making the light bulb non-polarized. The LED bulb may further comprise at least one capacitor for filtering the input voltage. The LED bulb may optionally be sized and shaped to fit into a socket suitable for receiving a G4-type bulb. The at least one LED may optionally be an array of LEDs, e.g., two parallel rows of six LEDs, the six LEDs being connected in a series.
[0024] The comparator circuit includes a Zener diode connected in series with a resistor and the switch, in which case the switch may be a MOSFET. The threshold voltage for the first light intensity level may optionally be about 9.5V. The switch may optionally remain open and drive the LED bulb at the second light intensity level if the input voltage is below a second threshold voltage of about 8.5V. The MOSFET may further optionally function as a variable resistor and drive the LED bulb at a third light intensity level if the input voltage is between the second threshold voltage and the threshold voltage. The third light intensity level may further optionally vary linearly between the second light intensity level and the first light intensity level in relation to the input voltage compared to the threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage.
[0025] The comparator circuit may also optionally include a comparator integrated circuit and at least one reference resistor to create a reference voltage. The comparator integrated circuit may thus optionally compare the input voltage to the reference voltage and close the switch when the input voltage is above the threshold voltage. The threshold voltage for the first light intensity level may thus be about 8.75V.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the description in association with the following in which:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a LED bulb according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a bottom plan view of the LED bulb of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention; and Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00271 This invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings.
The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including", "comprising", or "having", "containing", "involving" and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter as well as, optionally, additional items. In the following description, the same numerical references refer to similar elements. Drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[00281 The LED bulb of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide low heat generation and may offer low current consumption (low power). It is therefore environmentally friendly and may be considered to generate `green' energy. It is expected that the lifespan of the LED bulb range up to 40,000 hours when used in appropriate circumstances and is also expected to be easy to install. In come exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb may directly replace a 12V incandescent bulb without requiring any adaptors or any hardware modification. In other words, it may be retrofit into existing traditional light bulb sockets without requiring additional or different hardware. The LED bulb may also have a 5V-16V
voltage operation range in some exemplary embodiments, making it appropriate on 12V
automotive voltage range. In some exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb is 90%
more efficient than xenon bulbs, incandescent bulbs and Halogen bulbs traditional lighting. Unlike the PWM devices of the prior art, the LED bulb of exemplary embodiments do not require complex circuitry or expensive parts, and may have a silent operation (no audible noise). In some exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb is simple and cheap to construct and of robust design. The LED bulb of exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be easily adapted to replace a number of different types of traditional light bulbs, such as G4, MR] 6, as well as fluorescent tubes.
[00291 As used herein, the term "light emitting diode" (LED) is as understood by persons skilled in the art and denotes a semiconductor device that emit s visible light when an electric current passes through it.
100301 As used herein, the term "light emitting diode bulb" is a unit, module or device which includes at least one light emitting diode for emitting light and can be connected to a bulb socket by a connector. The connector can be of any type such as a bi-pin, wedge, bayonet, or wire, for example.
[00311 The present invention concerns light emitting diode (LED) bulbs, which are arranged to directly replace incandescent and halogen bulbs without the need to modify existing hardware such as the sockets for receiving the bulbs or the on/off/dim switches for controlling the bulbs. Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention described herein are related to LED bulbs whose emitted light intensity or brightness can be varied between at least two levels, typically a bright level and a dimmed level. The specific embodiments described herein are related to retrofittable LED bulbs for replacing G4 light bulbs connectable to three position switches (OFF / ON (bright) / DIM (dim)) for use in Recreational Vehicles (RVs) and other applications. However, it will be apparent to skilled persons that the LED
bulbs of the present invention can also be fitted to multi position dimmer switches (OFF /
Multiple DIM position / ON), e.g., a slider or rotating switch), or any other type of variable switch.
[0032] A first exemplary embodiment of a LED bulb 10 of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The LED bulb 10 comprises a backing plate 12 having a first side 14 including LEDs 16 arranged thereon as an array 17 (shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5), and a second side 18 having electronic components 20 arranged thereon, which are connected to the LEDs 16 by an electronic circuit 22 (shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5). A connector 24 extends from the backing plate 12 for connection to a power source (not shown) and is connected to the electronic circuit 22 for providing power to the LEDs to illuminate them.
100331 The backing plate 12 is a circular double-sided printed circuit board (PCB) having a diameter of about 30mm and a thickness of about 0.78mm, excluding the thickness of the LEDs 16 and the electronic components 20. The connector 24 comprises a pair of straightened pins, 10 mm in length, extending from an edge of the backing plate 12 and preferably made of a tin-plated metal, or the like. Therefore, the bulb 10 can be fitted into any socket suitable for receiving a G4 bulb. The connector 24 may extend from the first or second sides 14, 18 of the backing plate such as perpendicularly from the centre of one of the sides 14, 18 of the backing plate 12. The connector 24 may also be a wedge, a bayonet, a wire, or any other type of connector instead of pins. The size and shape of the backing plate 12 and the connector 24 of the present embodiment is particularly suited to replace halogen and incandescent G4 bulbs for typical application as ceiling lights or under-cupboard lights. However, it will be clear that the present invention can also replace other types of bulbs by altering the size, shape and type of the backing board and the connector used.
[0034] The LED array 17 on the backing plate first side 14 comprises 12 LEDs.
Each LED
16 is preferably a 3.0 to 3.2V 5050 SMD with a beam angle of 120 deg and a total power of 2.0-2.2W. The LEDs 16 may all be the same colour, or different colours, such as warm white (2800-3000K), cold white (6000-6500K), amber, blue, red, or green. Preferably, the colour of the LEDs does not change with luminous intensity in any of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that any other type of LED can be used instead of 5050 SMD
LEDs and more or less than 12 LEDs can also be used.
[0035] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the electronic circuit 22 of the present invention, which allows the LED bulb 10 to function with at least two light intensities:
"Bright" or "Dim". In this exemplary embodiment, the electronic circuit 22 is connectable to a power source through a conventional G4 bulb socket which is connected to a three position switch: OFF (OV), ON (or bright) (12V), and DIM (6V). The electronic circuit 22 comprises input terminals 25 for receiving an input voltage 26; a diode bridge and filter(s) component 28 (which can be optional); a LED driver component 30; the LED array 17; and a comparator circuit 32 including a switch 34. The input voltage ranges from 5V to 16V (DC) or 5V to 12V
(AC). The input voltage 26 goes through the diode bridge and filter component 28, which allows the input voltage 26 to be applied in any polarity and converts an AC
input voltage to a DC voltage, and outputs a filtered voltage VCC, which goes to the LED driver component 30 and the comparator circuit 32. The LED driver component 30 adjusts the filtered voltage VCC
(boosts or reduces) and provides a constant current to the LED array 17. The LED array 17 can be any number or arrangement of LEDs 16 connected in series or in parallel, in this embodiment 12 LEDs. The comparator circuit 32 reads the filtered voltage VCC
and identifies if it is higher than a fixed (pre-set) voltage reference. If the filtered voltage VCC is higher than the voltage reference (also called threshold voltage), the comparator circuit 32 closes the switch 34 to set the current of the LED driver component 30 to the "Bright"
intensity. In the "Bright" intensity, both resistors R6 and R7 are enabled (connected in parallel). If the filtered voltage VCC is lower than the voltage reference the switch 34 is open and the current of the LED driver component 30 is set to the "Dim" intensity. In the "Dim" intensity, only resistor R6 is enabled, and the LED bulb intensity is lower (about 20% of the bright intensity) than the "Bright" intensity. If the filtered voltage VCC is below the working voltage of the LED driver component 30, the circuit 22 will not function and the LED bulb intensity will be OFF.
[00361 In a first exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 (shown in Figure 4), the LEDs 16 (DI to D12) are arranged as a 2 x 6 array, i.e., two parallel rows of six LEDs 16 connected in a series. Other LED arrangements could be possible, such as 2 x 5 array, 3 x 5, etc. The diode bridge and filter component 28 includes a diode bridge D16 for full wave rectification of an incoming AC voltage and for allowing connection without polarity for an incoming DC voltage. Two capacitors C2 and C4 are provided for filtering the rectified voltage. A varistor RV I is also included to protect the circuit against overvoltage and voltage spikes.
[00371 The filtered input voltage VCC is connected to the LED driver component 30, which comprises a LED driver U l. The LED driver U I is a boost converter that runs at 600kHz fixed switching frequency. With the help of an inductor LI, a schottky diode D15 and a capacitor Cl, the LED driver U1, converts the filtered input voltage VCC to a higher output voltage, VLED. The higher output voltage VLED is about 18V to provide the current needed to each row of the LEDs 16 in the LED array 17. It will be appreciated that depending on the number and arrangement of LEDs in the LED array 17, a different LED driver can be used to either increase or to reduce the input voltage to provide the current needed to power the LEDs.
[00381 The current that flows through the LED array 17 is fixed by the two resistors, R6 and R7.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that changing the value of either or both of the resistors R6 and R7 allows adjustment of one or both of the two light intensities. In this exemplary embodiment, the switch 34 in the comparator and switch circuit 32 includes a MOSFET QI, or any other suitable switch. When the MOSFET QI is closed, the current is at maximum value (approximately 95mA) and the output light generated by the LEDs (DI to D12) is at the "Bright" intensity. When the MOSFET Ql is open, the current is at minimum value (approximately 20mA) and the light emitted by the LEDs (D1 to D12) is at the Dim intensity level.
[00391 In the exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 illustrated in Figure 4, the MOSFET Q I is controlled by a Zener diode D14 and a resistor R4. In this exemplary embodiment, the voltage of the Zener diode is 5.I V although it is possible to use Zener diodes with different working voltages. When the input voltage is equal to or over about 9.5V, enough current flows through D14 and R4 to create a voltage across R4 which then polarizes the MOSFET Q1. In this condition, the MOSFET Ql is closed and the resistor R7 is activated in the feedback loop of the LED Driver U I. Then the output current is at a maximum value of about 95mA ("Bright" intensity). When the input voltage is under about 8.5V, not enough current flows through D14 and R4 to polarize the MOSFET QI. In this condition, the MOSFET QI is open and the resistor R7 is not activated. Then the output current is at the minimum value of about 20mA ("Dim" intensity). If the input voltage is between about 8.5V to about 9.5V (threshold voltage zone), the MOSFET QI is partly open. Between about 8.5V to about 9.5V, the MOSFET QI functions as a variable resistor and the LED current is between the maximum value of 95mA ("Bright" intensity) and the minimum value of 20mA
("Dim"
intensity). For example, if the input voltage is 9.OV, then the LED current will be about 58mA
(20mA + (50% x (95mA - 20mA)). The threshold voltage zone is a linear region between Dim and Bright intensity. Said differently, in the threshold voltage zone, the LED
bulb emitted light intensity will be at a third light intensity level between the "Dim" and the "Bright" intensity levels that is determined linearly relative to the input voltage compared to the lower threshold voltage (e.g., 8.5V) and the higher threshold voltage (e.g., 9.5V). When the electronic circuit 22 is controlled by a three position switch, the threshold voltage zone is not visible because the voltage is a discrete value (OFF (OV), ON (or Bright) (12V), and Dim (6V).
With a variable dimmer switch (e.g. a slider switch), the threshold voltage zone can be used to set the LED
current between the Dim and Bright intensity, e.g., the emitted light intensity will be at a third level of intensity between "Bright" and "Dim" within the threshold voltage zone. There will be no emitted light from the LED array below about 2.7V at VCC (about 4V input voltage) due to the working voltage of the LED Driver U1. Alternative LED drivers could be used to lower or raise the working voltage of the circuit 22.
100401 It will be appreciated that the threshold voltage is a function of the voltage of the Zener diode used. Therefore, the value of the threshold voltage can be pre-set or pre-determined by using a different Zener diode with a different working voltage.
[00411 A second exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 is illustrated in Figure
[0020] In another exemplary embodiment, the comparator circuit includes a comparator integrated circuit, and at least one reference resistor to create a reference voltage, wherein the comparator integrated circuit compares the input voltage to the reference voltage and closes the switch when the input voltage is above the threshold voltage. In this exemplary embodiment, the switch is a MOSFET and the threshold voltage for the first light intensity level is about 8.75V. The comparator integrated circuit may be powered by a Zener diode and a resistor, by a voltage regulator or directly on the input voltage.
[0021] The present invention may thus be directed to a LED bulb comprising a support, a LED driver component and a comparator circuit. The support has at least one LED mounted on a first side electrically coupled to a circuit mounted on a second side of the support for driving the LED bulb at a first or a second light intensity level. The circuit comprises input terminals connectable to a power supply for receiving an input voltage. The LED driver component is for adjusting the input voltage supplied to the at least one LED. The comparator circuit is for detecting the input voltage and, if above a threshold voltage, is for closing a switch to drive the LED bulb at the first light intensity level.
[0022] Optionally, the switch may be a MOSFET connected to a resistor, which is activated when the switch is closed. The first light intensity may be a bright intensity level and the second light intensity may be a dim intensity level. The input voltage may be between 5V
and 16V. The input terminals may be a pair of pins. The support may be a printed circuit board.
[0023] The LED bulb may also optionally comprise at least one diode for making the light bulb non-polarized. The LED bulb may further comprise at least one capacitor for filtering the input voltage. The LED bulb may optionally be sized and shaped to fit into a socket suitable for receiving a G4-type bulb. The at least one LED may optionally be an array of LEDs, e.g., two parallel rows of six LEDs, the six LEDs being connected in a series.
[0024] The comparator circuit includes a Zener diode connected in series with a resistor and the switch, in which case the switch may be a MOSFET. The threshold voltage for the first light intensity level may optionally be about 9.5V. The switch may optionally remain open and drive the LED bulb at the second light intensity level if the input voltage is below a second threshold voltage of about 8.5V. The MOSFET may further optionally function as a variable resistor and drive the LED bulb at a third light intensity level if the input voltage is between the second threshold voltage and the threshold voltage. The third light intensity level may further optionally vary linearly between the second light intensity level and the first light intensity level in relation to the input voltage compared to the threshold voltage and the second threshold voltage.
[0025] The comparator circuit may also optionally include a comparator integrated circuit and at least one reference resistor to create a reference voltage. The comparator integrated circuit may thus optionally compare the input voltage to the reference voltage and close the switch when the input voltage is above the threshold voltage. The threshold voltage for the first light intensity level may thus be about 8.75V.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become better understood with reference to the description in association with the following in which:
Figure 1 is a top plan view of a LED bulb according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a bottom plan view of the LED bulb of Figure 1;
Figure 3 is a block diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to a first embodiment of the invention; and Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the LED bulb of Figure 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[00271 This invention is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the drawings.
The invention is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. The use of "including", "comprising", or "having", "containing", "involving" and variations thereof herein, is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter as well as, optionally, additional items. In the following description, the same numerical references refer to similar elements. Drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.
[00281 The LED bulb of exemplary embodiments of the present invention may provide low heat generation and may offer low current consumption (low power). It is therefore environmentally friendly and may be considered to generate `green' energy. It is expected that the lifespan of the LED bulb range up to 40,000 hours when used in appropriate circumstances and is also expected to be easy to install. In come exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb may directly replace a 12V incandescent bulb without requiring any adaptors or any hardware modification. In other words, it may be retrofit into existing traditional light bulb sockets without requiring additional or different hardware. The LED bulb may also have a 5V-16V
voltage operation range in some exemplary embodiments, making it appropriate on 12V
automotive voltage range. In some exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb is 90%
more efficient than xenon bulbs, incandescent bulbs and Halogen bulbs traditional lighting. Unlike the PWM devices of the prior art, the LED bulb of exemplary embodiments do not require complex circuitry or expensive parts, and may have a silent operation (no audible noise). In some exemplary embodiments, the LED bulb is simple and cheap to construct and of robust design. The LED bulb of exemplary embodiments of the present invention can be easily adapted to replace a number of different types of traditional light bulbs, such as G4, MR] 6, as well as fluorescent tubes.
[00291 As used herein, the term "light emitting diode" (LED) is as understood by persons skilled in the art and denotes a semiconductor device that emit s visible light when an electric current passes through it.
100301 As used herein, the term "light emitting diode bulb" is a unit, module or device which includes at least one light emitting diode for emitting light and can be connected to a bulb socket by a connector. The connector can be of any type such as a bi-pin, wedge, bayonet, or wire, for example.
[00311 The present invention concerns light emitting diode (LED) bulbs, which are arranged to directly replace incandescent and halogen bulbs without the need to modify existing hardware such as the sockets for receiving the bulbs or the on/off/dim switches for controlling the bulbs. Specifically, the embodiments of the present invention described herein are related to LED bulbs whose emitted light intensity or brightness can be varied between at least two levels, typically a bright level and a dimmed level. The specific embodiments described herein are related to retrofittable LED bulbs for replacing G4 light bulbs connectable to three position switches (OFF / ON (bright) / DIM (dim)) for use in Recreational Vehicles (RVs) and other applications. However, it will be apparent to skilled persons that the LED
bulbs of the present invention can also be fitted to multi position dimmer switches (OFF /
Multiple DIM position / ON), e.g., a slider or rotating switch), or any other type of variable switch.
[0032] A first exemplary embodiment of a LED bulb 10 of the present invention is illustrated in Figures 1 and 2. The LED bulb 10 comprises a backing plate 12 having a first side 14 including LEDs 16 arranged thereon as an array 17 (shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5), and a second side 18 having electronic components 20 arranged thereon, which are connected to the LEDs 16 by an electronic circuit 22 (shown in Figures 3, 4 and 5). A connector 24 extends from the backing plate 12 for connection to a power source (not shown) and is connected to the electronic circuit 22 for providing power to the LEDs to illuminate them.
100331 The backing plate 12 is a circular double-sided printed circuit board (PCB) having a diameter of about 30mm and a thickness of about 0.78mm, excluding the thickness of the LEDs 16 and the electronic components 20. The connector 24 comprises a pair of straightened pins, 10 mm in length, extending from an edge of the backing plate 12 and preferably made of a tin-plated metal, or the like. Therefore, the bulb 10 can be fitted into any socket suitable for receiving a G4 bulb. The connector 24 may extend from the first or second sides 14, 18 of the backing plate such as perpendicularly from the centre of one of the sides 14, 18 of the backing plate 12. The connector 24 may also be a wedge, a bayonet, a wire, or any other type of connector instead of pins. The size and shape of the backing plate 12 and the connector 24 of the present embodiment is particularly suited to replace halogen and incandescent G4 bulbs for typical application as ceiling lights or under-cupboard lights. However, it will be clear that the present invention can also replace other types of bulbs by altering the size, shape and type of the backing board and the connector used.
[0034] The LED array 17 on the backing plate first side 14 comprises 12 LEDs.
Each LED
16 is preferably a 3.0 to 3.2V 5050 SMD with a beam angle of 120 deg and a total power of 2.0-2.2W. The LEDs 16 may all be the same colour, or different colours, such as warm white (2800-3000K), cold white (6000-6500K), amber, blue, red, or green. Preferably, the colour of the LEDs does not change with luminous intensity in any of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be appreciated that any other type of LED can be used instead of 5050 SMD
LEDs and more or less than 12 LEDs can also be used.
[0035] Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the electronic circuit 22 of the present invention, which allows the LED bulb 10 to function with at least two light intensities:
"Bright" or "Dim". In this exemplary embodiment, the electronic circuit 22 is connectable to a power source through a conventional G4 bulb socket which is connected to a three position switch: OFF (OV), ON (or bright) (12V), and DIM (6V). The electronic circuit 22 comprises input terminals 25 for receiving an input voltage 26; a diode bridge and filter(s) component 28 (which can be optional); a LED driver component 30; the LED array 17; and a comparator circuit 32 including a switch 34. The input voltage ranges from 5V to 16V (DC) or 5V to 12V
(AC). The input voltage 26 goes through the diode bridge and filter component 28, which allows the input voltage 26 to be applied in any polarity and converts an AC
input voltage to a DC voltage, and outputs a filtered voltage VCC, which goes to the LED driver component 30 and the comparator circuit 32. The LED driver component 30 adjusts the filtered voltage VCC
(boosts or reduces) and provides a constant current to the LED array 17. The LED array 17 can be any number or arrangement of LEDs 16 connected in series or in parallel, in this embodiment 12 LEDs. The comparator circuit 32 reads the filtered voltage VCC
and identifies if it is higher than a fixed (pre-set) voltage reference. If the filtered voltage VCC is higher than the voltage reference (also called threshold voltage), the comparator circuit 32 closes the switch 34 to set the current of the LED driver component 30 to the "Bright"
intensity. In the "Bright" intensity, both resistors R6 and R7 are enabled (connected in parallel). If the filtered voltage VCC is lower than the voltage reference the switch 34 is open and the current of the LED driver component 30 is set to the "Dim" intensity. In the "Dim" intensity, only resistor R6 is enabled, and the LED bulb intensity is lower (about 20% of the bright intensity) than the "Bright" intensity. If the filtered voltage VCC is below the working voltage of the LED driver component 30, the circuit 22 will not function and the LED bulb intensity will be OFF.
[00361 In a first exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 (shown in Figure 4), the LEDs 16 (DI to D12) are arranged as a 2 x 6 array, i.e., two parallel rows of six LEDs 16 connected in a series. Other LED arrangements could be possible, such as 2 x 5 array, 3 x 5, etc. The diode bridge and filter component 28 includes a diode bridge D16 for full wave rectification of an incoming AC voltage and for allowing connection without polarity for an incoming DC voltage. Two capacitors C2 and C4 are provided for filtering the rectified voltage. A varistor RV I is also included to protect the circuit against overvoltage and voltage spikes.
[00371 The filtered input voltage VCC is connected to the LED driver component 30, which comprises a LED driver U l. The LED driver U I is a boost converter that runs at 600kHz fixed switching frequency. With the help of an inductor LI, a schottky diode D15 and a capacitor Cl, the LED driver U1, converts the filtered input voltage VCC to a higher output voltage, VLED. The higher output voltage VLED is about 18V to provide the current needed to each row of the LEDs 16 in the LED array 17. It will be appreciated that depending on the number and arrangement of LEDs in the LED array 17, a different LED driver can be used to either increase or to reduce the input voltage to provide the current needed to power the LEDs.
[00381 The current that flows through the LED array 17 is fixed by the two resistors, R6 and R7.Persons skilled in the art will appreciate that changing the value of either or both of the resistors R6 and R7 allows adjustment of one or both of the two light intensities. In this exemplary embodiment, the switch 34 in the comparator and switch circuit 32 includes a MOSFET QI, or any other suitable switch. When the MOSFET QI is closed, the current is at maximum value (approximately 95mA) and the output light generated by the LEDs (DI to D12) is at the "Bright" intensity. When the MOSFET Ql is open, the current is at minimum value (approximately 20mA) and the light emitted by the LEDs (D1 to D12) is at the Dim intensity level.
[00391 In the exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 illustrated in Figure 4, the MOSFET Q I is controlled by a Zener diode D14 and a resistor R4. In this exemplary embodiment, the voltage of the Zener diode is 5.I V although it is possible to use Zener diodes with different working voltages. When the input voltage is equal to or over about 9.5V, enough current flows through D14 and R4 to create a voltage across R4 which then polarizes the MOSFET Q1. In this condition, the MOSFET Ql is closed and the resistor R7 is activated in the feedback loop of the LED Driver U I. Then the output current is at a maximum value of about 95mA ("Bright" intensity). When the input voltage is under about 8.5V, not enough current flows through D14 and R4 to polarize the MOSFET QI. In this condition, the MOSFET QI is open and the resistor R7 is not activated. Then the output current is at the minimum value of about 20mA ("Dim" intensity). If the input voltage is between about 8.5V to about 9.5V (threshold voltage zone), the MOSFET QI is partly open. Between about 8.5V to about 9.5V, the MOSFET QI functions as a variable resistor and the LED current is between the maximum value of 95mA ("Bright" intensity) and the minimum value of 20mA
("Dim"
intensity). For example, if the input voltage is 9.OV, then the LED current will be about 58mA
(20mA + (50% x (95mA - 20mA)). The threshold voltage zone is a linear region between Dim and Bright intensity. Said differently, in the threshold voltage zone, the LED
bulb emitted light intensity will be at a third light intensity level between the "Dim" and the "Bright" intensity levels that is determined linearly relative to the input voltage compared to the lower threshold voltage (e.g., 8.5V) and the higher threshold voltage (e.g., 9.5V). When the electronic circuit 22 is controlled by a three position switch, the threshold voltage zone is not visible because the voltage is a discrete value (OFF (OV), ON (or Bright) (12V), and Dim (6V).
With a variable dimmer switch (e.g. a slider switch), the threshold voltage zone can be used to set the LED
current between the Dim and Bright intensity, e.g., the emitted light intensity will be at a third level of intensity between "Bright" and "Dim" within the threshold voltage zone. There will be no emitted light from the LED array below about 2.7V at VCC (about 4V input voltage) due to the working voltage of the LED Driver U1. Alternative LED drivers could be used to lower or raise the working voltage of the circuit 22.
100401 It will be appreciated that the threshold voltage is a function of the voltage of the Zener diode used. Therefore, the value of the threshold voltage can be pre-set or pre-determined by using a different Zener diode with a different working voltage.
[00411 A second exemplary embodiment of the electrical circuit 22 is illustrated in Figure
5, and differs from the exemplary embodiment of Figure 4 in that the MOSFET QI
is controlled by a comparator IC (Integrated Circuit) U2. A resistor R5 and a Zener diode D13 provide a stable and regulated 3.3V to power the comparator IC U2, but are optional as the comparator IC U2 can be powered directly on the VCC or by a voltage regulator.
Resistors RI
and R2 create a reference voltage (approximately 1.65V) to an inverting (-) input of the comparator IC U2. Resistors R3 and R4 do a voltage divider (0.22 x VCC) from the filtered input voltage VCC. The divided voltage is connected to a non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2. When the input voltage is over about 8.75V the voltage of the non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2 is higher than the reference voltage (1.65V) of the inverting (-) input and the output of the comparator IC U2 is at high level (3.3V) and then polarizes the MOSFET Ql. In this condition, the MOSFET Q1 is closed and the resistor R7 is activated in the feedback loop of the LED Driver U l. Then the output current is at maximum value of 95mA ("Bright" intensity). When the input voltage is below about 8.75V, the voltage of the non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2 is under the reference voltage (1.65V) of the inverting (-) input and the output of the comparator IC U2 is at low level (OV) and does not polarize the MOSFET Q1. In this condition, the MOSFET QI is open and the resistor R7 is not activated. Then the output current is at minimum value of 20mA ("Dim" level).
In this exemplary embodiment, there is no threshold voltage zone, but a fixed threshold voltage of about 8.75V. It will be appreciated that, in this exemplary embodiment, the threshold voltage is a function of the resistance of resistors RI and R2. Therefore, the value of the threshold voltage can be pre-set or pre-determined by using resistors with different resistance values.
100421 The LED Driver IC is TPS61161. Alternatively, any another LED Driver IC
with an analog input pin can be used to control the output current instead of controlling the resistor R7 in the feedback loop of the LED Driver. In other words, instead of connecting the switch to a resistor connected to the LED array, the switch and the resistor can be connected to an analog input pin of the LED driver to perform the LED intensity control. In this way, the connection of the MOSFET Q 1 could be used to control a voltage level to an analog input pin of the LED
Driver to change the output current of the LED Driver.
100431 Although the exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described in relation to replacement incandescent and halogen G4 bulbs, it will be appreciated that other applications are within the scope of the present invention such as Cantalupi (trademark) Lights, Cabin (trademark)Lights and Imtra (trademark) Lights. It will also be appreciated that the embodiments of the LED bulb 10 described herein can be modified, without departing from the scope of the invention, for different uses and applications such as by changing the shape and size of the backing plate, or by changing the position or type of the connector, or by changing the type, number or arrangement of the LEDs, or by changing the electronic components and IC.
[0044] It is important to note that the figures illustrate specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure or claims to that which is presented therein. For example, a switching device such as a MOSFET is illustrated but other switching devices such as relay, bipolar transistors, electronic analog switch IC, etc. could be used. Also, a specific LED Driver U1 (TPS61161) is illustrated but any other LED Driver IC could be used. The LED bulb could comprise a single LED rather than an array. The emitted Iight intensities of the light bulb 10 need not be bright and dim but could be any light intensity. The diode bridge and filter component 28 may be omitted from the circuit 22, particularly for DC applications. The diode bridge and filter component 28 may comprise a diode only without the filter components or vice versa.
Alternatively, the diode bridge and filter component 28 may be replaced by a filter for filtering the input voltage 26.
[0045] While several embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be understood that the present invention is capable of further modifications, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention, following in general the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as to come within knowledge or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains, and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
is controlled by a comparator IC (Integrated Circuit) U2. A resistor R5 and a Zener diode D13 provide a stable and regulated 3.3V to power the comparator IC U2, but are optional as the comparator IC U2 can be powered directly on the VCC or by a voltage regulator.
Resistors RI
and R2 create a reference voltage (approximately 1.65V) to an inverting (-) input of the comparator IC U2. Resistors R3 and R4 do a voltage divider (0.22 x VCC) from the filtered input voltage VCC. The divided voltage is connected to a non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2. When the input voltage is over about 8.75V the voltage of the non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2 is higher than the reference voltage (1.65V) of the inverting (-) input and the output of the comparator IC U2 is at high level (3.3V) and then polarizes the MOSFET Ql. In this condition, the MOSFET Q1 is closed and the resistor R7 is activated in the feedback loop of the LED Driver U l. Then the output current is at maximum value of 95mA ("Bright" intensity). When the input voltage is below about 8.75V, the voltage of the non-inverting (+) input of the comparator IC U2 is under the reference voltage (1.65V) of the inverting (-) input and the output of the comparator IC U2 is at low level (OV) and does not polarize the MOSFET Q1. In this condition, the MOSFET QI is open and the resistor R7 is not activated. Then the output current is at minimum value of 20mA ("Dim" level).
In this exemplary embodiment, there is no threshold voltage zone, but a fixed threshold voltage of about 8.75V. It will be appreciated that, in this exemplary embodiment, the threshold voltage is a function of the resistance of resistors RI and R2. Therefore, the value of the threshold voltage can be pre-set or pre-determined by using resistors with different resistance values.
100421 The LED Driver IC is TPS61161. Alternatively, any another LED Driver IC
with an analog input pin can be used to control the output current instead of controlling the resistor R7 in the feedback loop of the LED Driver. In other words, instead of connecting the switch to a resistor connected to the LED array, the switch and the resistor can be connected to an analog input pin of the LED driver to perform the LED intensity control. In this way, the connection of the MOSFET Q 1 could be used to control a voltage level to an analog input pin of the LED
Driver to change the output current of the LED Driver.
100431 Although the exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described in relation to replacement incandescent and halogen G4 bulbs, it will be appreciated that other applications are within the scope of the present invention such as Cantalupi (trademark) Lights, Cabin (trademark)Lights and Imtra (trademark) Lights. It will also be appreciated that the embodiments of the LED bulb 10 described herein can be modified, without departing from the scope of the invention, for different uses and applications such as by changing the shape and size of the backing plate, or by changing the position or type of the connector, or by changing the type, number or arrangement of the LEDs, or by changing the electronic components and IC.
[0044] It is important to note that the figures illustrate specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure or claims to that which is presented therein. For example, a switching device such as a MOSFET is illustrated but other switching devices such as relay, bipolar transistors, electronic analog switch IC, etc. could be used. Also, a specific LED Driver U1 (TPS61161) is illustrated but any other LED Driver IC could be used. The LED bulb could comprise a single LED rather than an array. The emitted Iight intensities of the light bulb 10 need not be bright and dim but could be any light intensity. The diode bridge and filter component 28 may be omitted from the circuit 22, particularly for DC applications. The diode bridge and filter component 28 may comprise a diode only without the filter components or vice versa.
Alternatively, the diode bridge and filter component 28 may be replaced by a filter for filtering the input voltage 26.
[0045] While several embodiments of the invention have been described herein, it will be understood that the present invention is capable of further modifications, and this application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention, following in general the principles of the invention and including such departures from the present disclosure as to come within knowledge or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains, and as may be applied to the essential features hereinbefore set forth and falling within the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (26)
1. A medical environment control system comprising:
a plurality of audio/video devices that are inputs, each input is configured to receive an audio/video signal, a plurality of audio/video devices that are outputs, each output is configured to send an audio/video signal;
a server interoperable with each input and each output, said server configured to receive audio/video signals from each output, said server configured to send audio/video signals to each input, said server comprising a data access layer that comprises configuration files;
a client system interoperable with said server and said client system interoperable with a user through a user interface in a graphical configuration program;
providing an interface having a device list area and a design area;
configuring said client system by receiving user input dragging audio/video devices from the device list area and dropping the audio/video devices into the design area;
said client system identifies the availability of each input and each output through said server;
said client system determines which output is connected to which input through said server, said user interface displays all available inputs;
receiving a selected input from said available inputs;
based on the selected input, said user interface displays all connected outputs to said selected input;
receiving a selected output from said connected outputs;
said user interface instructs said client system to route the audio/video signal from said selected output to said selected input through said server;
displaying information about a routed connection upon receiving a hovering user input over an input or output;
said client system receives, for each audio/video signal, a user-selected input and a user-selected output;
said client system receives, in response to each audio/video device being selected as an input and each audio/video device being selected as an output, device configuration selections and system settings selections;
said server saves, to one of said configuration files, all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations;
said server compiles code to generate an executable setup program that maps all audio/video devices that are inputs and audio/video devices that are outputs and incorporates all selected user-inputs and all user-selected outputs;
said client receives user input to run said executable setup program to generate a control application, said control application being different from said graphical configuration program; and said control application reads said configuration file, wherein if all said connections in said configuration file are correct, said control application dynamically generates a custom user interface on said client system based on all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations, otherwise said server reinitializes identification of each input and each output through said server.
a plurality of audio/video devices that are inputs, each input is configured to receive an audio/video signal, a plurality of audio/video devices that are outputs, each output is configured to send an audio/video signal;
a server interoperable with each input and each output, said server configured to receive audio/video signals from each output, said server configured to send audio/video signals to each input, said server comprising a data access layer that comprises configuration files;
a client system interoperable with said server and said client system interoperable with a user through a user interface in a graphical configuration program;
providing an interface having a device list area and a design area;
configuring said client system by receiving user input dragging audio/video devices from the device list area and dropping the audio/video devices into the design area;
said client system identifies the availability of each input and each output through said server;
said client system determines which output is connected to which input through said server, said user interface displays all available inputs;
receiving a selected input from said available inputs;
based on the selected input, said user interface displays all connected outputs to said selected input;
receiving a selected output from said connected outputs;
said user interface instructs said client system to route the audio/video signal from said selected output to said selected input through said server;
displaying information about a routed connection upon receiving a hovering user input over an input or output;
said client system receives, for each audio/video signal, a user-selected input and a user-selected output;
said client system receives, in response to each audio/video device being selected as an input and each audio/video device being selected as an output, device configuration selections and system settings selections;
said server saves, to one of said configuration files, all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations;
said server compiles code to generate an executable setup program that maps all audio/video devices that are inputs and audio/video devices that are outputs and incorporates all selected user-inputs and all user-selected outputs;
said client receives user input to run said executable setup program to generate a control application, said control application being different from said graphical configuration program; and said control application reads said configuration file, wherein if all said connections in said configuration file are correct, said control application dynamically generates a custom user interface on said client system based on all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations, otherwise said server reinitializes identification of each input and each output through said server.
2. The medical environment control system according to claim 1 wherein said server communicates with at least one of the over a different network connection than it communicates with said at least one client system.
3. The medical environment control system according to claim 1 wherein said client system comprises a plurality of client systems and each of said plurality of client systems is at a different location.
4. The medical environment control system according to claim 1 wherein:
said server comprises a business layer and a data access layer;
said data access layer includes configuration files; and said business layer includes configuration management of said configuration files.
said server comprises a business layer and a data access layer;
said data access layer includes configuration files; and said business layer includes configuration management of said configuration files.
5. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein:
said user interface allows the user to control said selected input from said selected output by displaying a plurality of selectable input tabs, each input tab corresponding to a type of input;
after receiving a user selection of an input tab, displaying selectable inputs corresponding to said selected input tab;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected;
receiving a selection of one of said identified available inputs;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected; and displaying within said selected input tab corresponding inputs, corresponding outputs, and controls for a selected input or output or both, each being immediately selectable by a single user input.
said user interface allows the user to control said selected input from said selected output by displaying a plurality of selectable input tabs, each input tab corresponding to a type of input;
after receiving a user selection of an input tab, displaying selectable inputs corresponding to said selected input tab;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected;
receiving a selection of one of said identified available inputs;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected; and displaying within said selected input tab corresponding inputs, corresponding outputs, and controls for a selected input or output or both, each being immediately selectable by a single user input.
6. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein:
said user interface allows the user to control said one said connected input from said one output by displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected, the user selection being accomplished through one of a point and click, double click, drag and drop, or touch.
said user interface allows the user to control said one said connected input from said one output by displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein said corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected, the user selection being accomplished through one of a point and click, double click, drag and drop, or touch.
7. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein said user interface permits the user to instruct said client system to route the audio/video signal from said one output to said selected input through said server.
8. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein said user interface displays all available outputs and all available inputs through a single window on said user interface.
9. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein said client system comprises a graphical configuration interface for allowing the user to instruct said client system which inputs and outputs are connected together.
10. The medical environment control system of claim 1 wherein:
said client system comprises a plurality of client systems;
each of said plurality of client systems is located in different locations;
and each of said plurality of client systems is interoperable with each output and each input through said server.
said client system comprises a plurality of client systems;
each of said plurality of client systems is located in different locations;
and each of said plurality of client systems is interoperable with each output and each input through said server.
11. The medical environment according to claim 1, wherein the relation of a selected input to all corresponding outputs is a one-to-many relationship.
12. The medical environment control system according to claim 1, wherein the device configuration options comprise previewing selected sources on-screen, adjusting image settings for video sources, changing multi-picture capabilities that comprise picture-in-picture, picture-by-picture, and quad-picture, controlling camera settings comprising panning, tilting, zooming, and focusing with available presets, operating medical-grade video recorders, selecting and listening to audio, and video conference calls.
13. The medical environment control system according to claim 1, wherein the user loads the settings configuration file into a predefined directory on the server.
14. A method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices for a client system in a medical environment control system comprising:
configuring a plurality of audio/video devices as inputs wherein each input is configured to each receive an audio/video signal;
configuring a plurality of audio/video devices as outputs wherein each output is configured to send an audio/video signal;
configuring a server interoperable with each input and each output, the server configured to receive audio/video signals from each output, the server configured to send audio/video signals to each input, the server comprising a data access layer that comprises configuration files;
configuring a client system to be interoperable with the server wherein the client system is interoperable with a user through a user interface in a graphical configuration program;
providing an interface having a device list area and a design area;
configuring the client system by receiving user input dragging audio/video devices from the device list area and dropping the audio/video devices into the design area;
identifying, through the client system, the availability of each input and each output through the server;
determining, through the client system, which output is connected to which input through the server;
displaying on the user interface all available inputs;
receiving a selected input from the available inputs;
displaying on the user interface, based on the selected input, all connected outputs to the selected input:
receiving a selected output form said connected outputs;
instructing, through the user interface, the client system to route the audio/video signal from the selected output to the selected input through the server;
displaying information about a routed connection upon receiving a hovering user input over an input or output;
receiving in the client system, for each audio/video signal, a user-selected input and a user-selected output;
receiving in the client system, in response to each audio/video device being selected as an input and each audio/video device being selected as an output, device configuration selections and system settings selections;
saving on the server, to one of the configuration files, all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations;
compiling in the server code to generate an executable setup program that maps all audio/video devices that are inputs and audio/video devices that are outputs and incorporates all selected user-inputs and all user-selected outputs;
receiving in the client user input to run the executable setup program to generate a control application, the control application being different from the graphical configuration program; and reading the configuration file in the control application, wherein if all the connections in the configuration file are correct, the control application dynamically generates a custom user interface on the client system based on all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations, otherwise the server reinitializes identification of each input and each output through the server.
configuring a plurality of audio/video devices as inputs wherein each input is configured to each receive an audio/video signal;
configuring a plurality of audio/video devices as outputs wherein each output is configured to send an audio/video signal;
configuring a server interoperable with each input and each output, the server configured to receive audio/video signals from each output, the server configured to send audio/video signals to each input, the server comprising a data access layer that comprises configuration files;
configuring a client system to be interoperable with the server wherein the client system is interoperable with a user through a user interface in a graphical configuration program;
providing an interface having a device list area and a design area;
configuring the client system by receiving user input dragging audio/video devices from the device list area and dropping the audio/video devices into the design area;
identifying, through the client system, the availability of each input and each output through the server;
determining, through the client system, which output is connected to which input through the server;
displaying on the user interface all available inputs;
receiving a selected input from the available inputs;
displaying on the user interface, based on the selected input, all connected outputs to the selected input:
receiving a selected output form said connected outputs;
instructing, through the user interface, the client system to route the audio/video signal from the selected output to the selected input through the server;
displaying information about a routed connection upon receiving a hovering user input over an input or output;
receiving in the client system, for each audio/video signal, a user-selected input and a user-selected output;
receiving in the client system, in response to each audio/video device being selected as an input and each audio/video device being selected as an output, device configuration selections and system settings selections;
saving on the server, to one of the configuration files, all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations;
compiling in the server code to generate an executable setup program that maps all audio/video devices that are inputs and audio/video devices that are outputs and incorporates all selected user-inputs and all user-selected outputs;
receiving in the client user input to run the executable setup program to generate a control application, the control application being different from the graphical configuration program; and reading the configuration file in the control application, wherein if all the connections in the configuration file are correct, the control application dynamically generates a custom user interface on the client system based on all selected inputs, all selected outputs, and all user-specified device configurations, otherwise the server reinitializes identification of each input and each output through the server.
15. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein the server communicates with at least one of the over a different network connection than it communicates with the at least one client system.
16. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein the client system comprises a plurality of client systems and each of the plurality of client systems is at a different location.
17. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein:
the server comprises a business layer and a data access layer;
the data access layer includes configuration files; and the business layer includes configuration management of the configuration files.
the server comprises a business layer and a data access layer;
the data access layer includes configuration files; and the business layer includes configuration management of the configuration files.
18. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein:
the user interface allows the user to control the selected input from the selected output by displaying a plurality of selectable input tabs, each input tab corresponding to a type of input;
after receiving a user selection of an input tab, displaying selectable inputs corresponding to the selected input tab;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected;
receiving a selection of one of the identified available inputs;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected, and displaying within the selected input tab corresponding inputs, corresponding outputs, and controls for a selected input or output or both, each being immediately selectable by a single user input.
the user interface allows the user to control the selected input from the selected output by displaying a plurality of selectable input tabs, each input tab corresponding to a type of input;
after receiving a user selection of an input tab, displaying selectable inputs corresponding to the selected input tab;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected;
receiving a selection of one of the identified available inputs;
displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected, and displaying within the selected input tab corresponding inputs, corresponding outputs, and controls for a selected input or output or both, each being immediately selectable by a single user input.
19. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein:
the user interface allows the user to control the one the connected input from the one output by displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected, the user selection being accomplished through one of a point and click, double click, drag and drop, or touch.
the user interface allows the user to control the one the connected input from the one output by displaying all corresponding available outputs in relation to the selected input, wherein the corresponding available outputs depend upon the input selected and are immediately selectable on the same interface screen once an input has been selected, the user selection being accomplished through one of a point and click, double click, drag and drop, or touch.
20. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein the user interface permits the user to instruct the client system to route the audio/video signal from the one output to the selected input through the server.
21. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein the user interface displays all available outputs and all available inputs through a single window on the user interface.
22. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein the client system comprises a graphical configuration interface for allowing the user to instruct the client system which inputs and outputs are connected together.
23. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14 wherein:
the client system comprises a plurality of client systems;
each of the plurality of client systems is located in different locations; and each of the plurality of client systems is interoperable with each output and each input through the server.
the client system comprises a plurality of client systems;
each of the plurality of client systems is located in different locations; and each of the plurality of client systems is interoperable with each output and each input through the server.
24. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14, wherein the relation of a selected input to all corresponding outputs is a one-to-many relationship.
25. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14, wherein the device configuration options comprise previewing selected sources on-screen, adjusting image settings for video sources, changing multi-picture capabilities that comprise picture-in-picture, picture-by-picture, and quad-picture, controlling camera settings comprising panning, tilting, zooming, and focusing with available presets, operating medical-grade video recorders, selecting and listening to audio, and video conference calls.
26. The method of selecting an audio/video device from a network of connected audio/video devices of claim 14, wherein the user loads the settings configuration file into a predefined directory on the server.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2740627A CA2740627C (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Software based system for control ofdevices |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2740627A CA2740627C (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Software based system for control ofdevices |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CA2740627A1 CA2740627A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 |
| CA2740627C true CA2740627C (en) | 2018-02-13 |
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| CA2740627A Active CA2740627C (en) | 2011-05-19 | 2011-05-19 | Software based system for control ofdevices |
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| JP2019115017A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2019-07-11 | オムロン株式会社 | Analog signal input/output device and method for controlling analog signal input/output device |
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