CA2692925A1 - Powder metallurgy method for producing an extruded profile - Google Patents
Powder metallurgy method for producing an extruded profile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2692925A1 CA2692925A1 CA 2692925 CA2692925A CA2692925A1 CA 2692925 A1 CA2692925 A1 CA 2692925A1 CA 2692925 CA2692925 CA 2692925 CA 2692925 A CA2692925 A CA 2692925A CA 2692925 A1 CA2692925 A1 CA 2692925A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- powder material
- bulk powder
- bulk
- extrusion temperature
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/20—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by extruding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C26/00—Alloys containing diamond or cubic or wurtzitic boron nitride, fullerenes or carbon nanotubes
- C22C2026/002—Carbon nanotubes
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
Abstract
In a method for producing a profile by extruding powdered metal and/or powdered metal alloys, a bulk powder material is heated to an extrusion temperature below the melting temperature of the powder and pressed under pressure through an opening of a die to form the profile. At least one metal or a metal alloy of the powder is a reactive metal spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface and/or the powder contains fibre-like particles distributed homogeneously in the bulk powder material and absorbing microwave radiation.
The bulk powder material is heated by microwave irradiation to extrusion temperature. The method achieves rapid and uniform heating in all regions of the bulk powder material.
The bulk powder material is heated by microwave irradiation to extrusion temperature. The method achieves rapid and uniform heating in all regions of the bulk powder material.
Description
Powder metallurgy method for producing an extruded profile The invention relates to a method for producing a profile by extruding powdered metal and/or powdered metal alloys, in which method a bulk powder material is heated to an extrusion temperature below the melting temperature of the powder and is pressed under pressure through an opening of a die to form the profile.
In the prior art, an extrusion billet is normally pressed as a metallic block material through the opening of a die in an extrusion system. When extruding powdery materials, the bulk powder materials are generally encapsulated in a container before extrusion because of their low heat conduction and generally compacted, for example by cold-isostatic pressing. The poor heat conduction of the bulk powder materials is made still more difficult by the oxide layers working as an insulator on the metal particles. Because of the higher density and encapsulation during pressing, the heat transport is improved and the entire bulk powder material can thus be heated homogeneously by the external supply of heat to the desired extrusion temperature, although the time period until a uniform temperature distribution has been established by heat conduction in the bulk powder material is comparatively long. For this reason, the direct processing of metallic powders in extrusion systerns has not hitherto proven successful.
The bulk powder material provided for extrusion has to be brought as homogeneously as possible to the desired extrusion temperature. For this purpose, the bulk powder material according to the prior art is heated in a suitable container, either inductively or in a convection oven. Care has to be taken here that the heating process lasts long enough to ensure a temperature distribution that is as uniform as possible within the bulk powder material. As a consequence of this long waiting time to ensure the temperature homogeneity, an undesired delay in the production process occurs. The risk of too high a heating in the outer edge layers of the bulk material and/or too long a heat treatment time is also increased. This is significant, in particular, if powders consisting of at least two different components, so-called composite powders, the components of which tend, at an elevated temperature, either individually, for example by oxidation or together, to react in an undesirable manner, are to be processed.
The above described methods according to the prior art are disclosed, for exampie, in EP-A-0 327 064, US-A-4 050 143 or US-A-4 699 657.
The invention is based on the object of providing a method of the type mentioned at the outset, with which a rapid and uniform heating can be achieved in all regions of the bulk powder material.
Leading to the achievement of the object according to the invention is the fact that at least one metal or a metal alloy of the powder is a reactive metal spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface and/or the powder contains fibre-like particles homogerieously distributed in the bulk powder material and absorbing microwave radiation;, and that the bulk powder material is heated by microwave irradiation to extrusion temperature.
By using the microwave technique to heat the bulk powder material, because of its deep action, a very rapid and very uniform heating is achieved in all the regions of the bulk powder material. As a result, the waiting time to reach temperature homogeneity is drastically shorteried. This applies, in particular, to reactive metallic powders, i.e. to reactive rnetals spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface, such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, tantalum or zirconium. These metallic powders basically have on their surface an oxide layer, even though it may be very thin, which, on the one hand, acts as an insulator on contact heat transfer, on the other hand, however, assists the heating process by the microwaves. This is to be attributed to the fact that the hollow spaces between the powder particles including the oxide layers act as so-called "wave guides" for the microwaves,, as they correspond with respect to dimension to the wavelength of the microwave radiation. As a result, the microwave radiation can homogeneously perietrate unhindered and with multiple reflection, the entire region of the bulk powder material.
In the prior art, an extrusion billet is normally pressed as a metallic block material through the opening of a die in an extrusion system. When extruding powdery materials, the bulk powder materials are generally encapsulated in a container before extrusion because of their low heat conduction and generally compacted, for example by cold-isostatic pressing. The poor heat conduction of the bulk powder materials is made still more difficult by the oxide layers working as an insulator on the metal particles. Because of the higher density and encapsulation during pressing, the heat transport is improved and the entire bulk powder material can thus be heated homogeneously by the external supply of heat to the desired extrusion temperature, although the time period until a uniform temperature distribution has been established by heat conduction in the bulk powder material is comparatively long. For this reason, the direct processing of metallic powders in extrusion systerns has not hitherto proven successful.
The bulk powder material provided for extrusion has to be brought as homogeneously as possible to the desired extrusion temperature. For this purpose, the bulk powder material according to the prior art is heated in a suitable container, either inductively or in a convection oven. Care has to be taken here that the heating process lasts long enough to ensure a temperature distribution that is as uniform as possible within the bulk powder material. As a consequence of this long waiting time to ensure the temperature homogeneity, an undesired delay in the production process occurs. The risk of too high a heating in the outer edge layers of the bulk material and/or too long a heat treatment time is also increased. This is significant, in particular, if powders consisting of at least two different components, so-called composite powders, the components of which tend, at an elevated temperature, either individually, for example by oxidation or together, to react in an undesirable manner, are to be processed.
The above described methods according to the prior art are disclosed, for exampie, in EP-A-0 327 064, US-A-4 050 143 or US-A-4 699 657.
The invention is based on the object of providing a method of the type mentioned at the outset, with which a rapid and uniform heating can be achieved in all regions of the bulk powder material.
Leading to the achievement of the object according to the invention is the fact that at least one metal or a metal alloy of the powder is a reactive metal spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface and/or the powder contains fibre-like particles homogerieously distributed in the bulk powder material and absorbing microwave radiation;, and that the bulk powder material is heated by microwave irradiation to extrusion temperature.
By using the microwave technique to heat the bulk powder material, because of its deep action, a very rapid and very uniform heating is achieved in all the regions of the bulk powder material. As a result, the waiting time to reach temperature homogeneity is drastically shorteried. This applies, in particular, to reactive metallic powders, i.e. to reactive rnetals spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface, such as aluminium, magnesium, titanium, tantalum or zirconium. These metallic powders basically have on their surface an oxide layer, even though it may be very thin, which, on the one hand, acts as an insulator on contact heat transfer, on the other hand, however, assists the heating process by the microwaves. This is to be attributed to the fact that the hollow spaces between the powder particles including the oxide layers act as so-called "wave guides" for the microwaves,, as they correspond with respect to dimension to the wavelength of the microwave radiation. As a result, the microwave radiation can homogeneously perietrate unhindered and with multiple reflection, the entire region of the bulk powder material.
To optimise the penetration of the bulk powder material by the microwave radiation, the density of the bulk powder material or the dimension of the hollow spaces between the powder particles, including the oxide layers, can additionally be matched by corresponding compaction of the bulk powder material to the wavelength of the microwave radiation.
If the powder, apart from the metal particles, also contains microwave radiation energy-absorbing, fibre-like components, such as, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) these act locally as receivirig antennas or absorbers for the microwave radiation. If the fibre-like componerits are homogeneously distributed in the bulk powder material or, in the optimal case, are even integrated at least partially in the metallic powder particles, a very effective and homogeneous heating of the total bulk material can thus be achieved. This effect can be further reinforced by as precisely as possible matching thE: length of the fibre-like components to the wavelength of the microwave radiation.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bulk powder material on heating to extrusion temperature, firstly has low microwave energy radiated though it at a changing frequency and the absorbed energy is measured as a function of the frequency. At a specific frequency, the so-called resonance frequency, a maximurri of absorbed energy is produced. The bulk powder material now has high rnicrowave energy radiated through it at this frequency, so an effective energy coupling is produced.
The frequency matching process (sweep) with low microwave energy and the following radiation with high microwave energy at the resonance frequency to heat the bulk powder material to extrusion temperature, can also be carried out fully automatically by means of control electronics, so the optimum frequency of the coupled microwave energy is always adjusted for various bulk powder material quantities and powder compositions.
In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bulk powder material may, for example, firstly be pre-compacted with a screw conveyor in an intermediate container. The bulk powder material thus pre-compacted is then radiated through at the resonance frequency in the intermediate container and thereby heated rapidly and uniformly to extrusion temperature. By means of a ram, the pre-compacted bulk powder material which is heated to extrusion temperature is pressed out of the intermediate container though the die opening.
In this manner, a continuous extrusion of metallic powder material can be implemented.
If the powder, apart from the metal particles, also contains microwave radiation energy-absorbing, fibre-like components, such as, for example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) these act locally as receivirig antennas or absorbers for the microwave radiation. If the fibre-like componerits are homogeneously distributed in the bulk powder material or, in the optimal case, are even integrated at least partially in the metallic powder particles, a very effective and homogeneous heating of the total bulk material can thus be achieved. This effect can be further reinforced by as precisely as possible matching thE: length of the fibre-like components to the wavelength of the microwave radiation.
In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bulk powder material on heating to extrusion temperature, firstly has low microwave energy radiated though it at a changing frequency and the absorbed energy is measured as a function of the frequency. At a specific frequency, the so-called resonance frequency, a maximurri of absorbed energy is produced. The bulk powder material now has high rnicrowave energy radiated through it at this frequency, so an effective energy coupling is produced.
The frequency matching process (sweep) with low microwave energy and the following radiation with high microwave energy at the resonance frequency to heat the bulk powder material to extrusion temperature, can also be carried out fully automatically by means of control electronics, so the optimum frequency of the coupled microwave energy is always adjusted for various bulk powder material quantities and powder compositions.
In a further embodiment of the method according to the invention, the bulk powder material may, for example, firstly be pre-compacted with a screw conveyor in an intermediate container. The bulk powder material thus pre-compacted is then radiated through at the resonance frequency in the intermediate container and thereby heated rapidly and uniformly to extrusion temperature. By means of a ram, the pre-compacted bulk powder material which is heated to extrusion temperature is pressed out of the intermediate container though the die opening.
In this manner, a continuous extrusion of metallic powder material can be implemented.
Claims (10)
1. Method for producing a profile by extruding powdered metal and/or powdered metal alloys, in which method a bulk powder material is heated to an extrusion temperature below the melting temperature of the powder and pressed under pressure through an opening of a die to form the profile, characterised in that at least one metal or a metal alloy of the powder is a reactive metal spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface and/or the powder contains fibre-like particles distributed homogeneously in the bulk powder material and absorbing microwave radiation, and in that the bulk powder material is heated by microwave irradiation to extrusion temperature.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the density of the bulk powder material or the dimension of the hollow spaces between the powder particles including the oxide layers, is matched to the wavelength of the microwave radiation.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the reactive metal spontaneously forming a natural oxide protective layer on a free surface is aluminium, magnesium, titanium, tantalum or zirconium.
4. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the length of the fibre-like particles is matched to the wavelength of the microwave radiation.
5. Method according to claim 1 or 4, characterised in that the fibre-like particles are at least partially integrated in the metallic powder particles.
6. Method according to any one of claims 1, 4 or 5, characterised in that the bulk powder material contains carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a homogeneous distribution.
7. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the bulk powder material on heating to extrusion temperature firstly has low microwave energy radiated through it at a changing frequency, the absorbed energy is measured as a function of the frequency and on occurrence of a maximum of the absorbed energy, the resonance frequency is determined and in that the bulk powder material then has high microwave energy radiated through it at the resonance frequency.
8. Method according to claim 7, characterised in that the determination of the resonance frequency of the bulk powder material and the following radiation with high microwave energy at the resonance frequency to heat the bulk powder material to extrusion temperature are carried out fully automatically by means of control electronics.
9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the bulk powder material is pre-compacted in an intermediate container, the pre-compacted bulk powder material is radiated through in the intermediate container at the resonance frequency and heated to extrusion temperature and then pressed from the intermediate container through the die opening by means of a ram.
10. Method according to claim 9, characterised in that the pre-compaction of the bulk powder material in the intermediate container is carried out with a screw conveyor.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07405206A EP2014394A1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method, where metal powder, which has been heated by microwaves, is extruded |
| EP07405206.9 | 2007-07-13 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/005489 WO2009010201A2 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-04 | Method, according to which powdered metal heated by microwave is extruded |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2692925A1 true CA2692925A1 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
Family
ID=38740313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2692925 Abandoned CA2692925A1 (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2008-07-04 | Powder metallurgy method for producing an extruded profile |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20100183469A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2014394A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2010533238A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101743080A (en) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0813720A2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2692925A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2009010201A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106077656B (en) * | 2016-07-30 | 2018-05-25 | 上海交通大学 | It is a kind of to prepare the method with nanostructured titanium article |
| US20220016842A1 (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2022-01-20 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Determining a thermal footprint for a three-dimensional printed part |
| CN111940531B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2022-04-08 | 西安理工大学 | Cold extrusion die and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2419014C3 (en) * | 1974-04-19 | 1985-08-01 | Nyby Bruks AB, Nybybruk | Method of manufacturing stainless steel pipes and application of the method to the manufacture of composite pipes |
| JPS6393806A (en) * | 1986-10-07 | 1988-04-25 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Powder supplying device for powder extrusion press device |
| US4699657A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1987-10-13 | Worl-Tech Limited | Manufacture of fine grain metal powder billets and composites |
| EP0327064A3 (en) * | 1988-02-05 | 1989-12-20 | Anval Nyby Powder Ab | Process for preparing articles by powder metallurgy, especially elongated articles such as rods, sections, tubes or such |
| US6121595A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 2000-09-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | Applicator to provide uniform electric and magnetic fields over a large area and for continuous processing |
| DE4313806A1 (en) * | 1993-04-27 | 1994-11-03 | Rene Salina | Device for heating materials in a heating chamber which can be irradiated with microwaves, and method for producing ceramic products, in which the raw product (unfinished product) is dried by means of microwaves |
| JP4346360B2 (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2009-10-21 | 東レ株式会社 | Sheet material for radio wave absorber and radio wave absorber |
-
2007
- 2007-07-13 EP EP07405206A patent/EP2014394A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-07-04 US US12/668,952 patent/US20100183469A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-04 JP JP2010515393A patent/JP2010533238A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-04 BR BRPI0813720-0A2A patent/BRPI0813720A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2008-07-04 EP EP08784627A patent/EP2178663A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-07-04 CN CN200880024157.0A patent/CN101743080A/en active Pending
- 2008-07-04 CA CA 2692925 patent/CA2692925A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-07-04 WO PCT/EP2008/005489 patent/WO2009010201A2/en active Application Filing
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009010201A2 (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| JP2010533238A (en) | 2010-10-21 |
| BRPI0813720A2 (en) | 2014-12-30 |
| CN101743080A (en) | 2010-06-16 |
| WO2009010201A3 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| US20100183469A1 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
| EP2178663A2 (en) | 2010-04-28 |
| EP2014394A1 (en) | 2009-01-14 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3405322B1 (en) | Method and device for producing a particle foam part | |
| EP1060355B1 (en) | Method and device for microwave sintering of nuclear fuel | |
| EP2200797B1 (en) | Method for producing a fibre-composite component | |
| CN108430765A (en) | For the cambial system and method on the surface of solid substrate and the product formed by it | |
| US6309594B1 (en) | Metal consolidation process employing microwave heated pressure transmitting particulate | |
| DE102016123214A1 (en) | Device for producing a particle foam part | |
| DE102011079471B4 (en) | Process for forming a carbon-metal composite material | |
| CN104139532B (en) | The homogeneous temperature location mode of microwave-pressure-cure composite and solidification equipment | |
| WO2010137623A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for producing metal bond grinding wheel | |
| US20100183469A1 (en) | Powder metallurgy method for producing an extruded profile | |
| DE102010004036A1 (en) | Apparatus for generatively producing a three-dimensional object with continuous heat input | |
| EP0823190B1 (en) | Method and device for the heat treatment of materials in a microwave oven and use of this method and this device | |
| WO2015082423A1 (en) | Process for the accelerated production of objects by means of generative manufacturing | |
| CN101786161A (en) | Microwave irradiation pressurized sintering equipment and use method thereof | |
| Fischer et al. | Pulsed laser sintering of metallic powders | |
| WO2009054075A1 (en) | Production method for metal matrix composite material | |
| US7223087B2 (en) | Microwave molding of polymers | |
| CN115572961A (en) | Method for preparing high-thermal-conductivity diamond/metal-based composite material by microwave-assisted air pressure infiltration | |
| CN110117727A (en) | A method of particles reiforced metal-base composition is prepared based on 3D printing technique | |
| US20160325353A1 (en) | Automated Pyrometer Tracking in a Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus and Method | |
| Saxena et al. | Joining of bulk metallic pipes by microwave hybrid heating processunder parametrical regulations | |
| US20090104470A1 (en) | Production method for metal matrix composite material | |
| WO2009054073A1 (en) | Production method for metal matrix composite material | |
| CN111438362A (en) | Hot extrusion sheath and method for producing preformed piece by using same | |
| US20090104067A1 (en) | Production method for metal matrix composite material |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |